Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links
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1. Maxfield, L. (2003, September). A working memory explanation for the effects of EMs in EMDR. In N. Smyth (Chair), Recent research evaluating the role of eye movements in EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Research has consistently demonstrated that performance is degraded when participants engage in two simultaneous tasks that require the same working memory resources. This study tested predictions from working memory theory to investigate the effects of eye movement (EM) on the components of autobiographical memory. In two experiments, 24 and 36 participants, respectively, focused on negative memories while engaging in three dual-attention EM tasks of increasing complexity. Compared to No- EM, Slow-EM and Fast-EM produced significantly decreased ratings of image vividness, thought clarity, and emotional intensity, and the more difficult Fast-EM resulted in larger decreases than did Slow-EM. The effects on emotional intensity were not consistent, with some preliminary evidence that a focus on memory-related thought might maintain emotional intensity during simple dual-attention tasks (Slow-EM, No-EM). The findings of our experiments support a working memory explanation for the effects of EM dual-attention tasks on autobiographical memory. Implications for understanding the mechanisms of action in EMDR are discussed.
Keywords: EMs Eye Movements Working Memory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
2. Eschenröder, C. T. (2005). "Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing". In M. Linden & M. Hautzinger, Verhaltenstherapiemanual (5th ed.), (pp 163-167). Springer: Berlin Heidelberg. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-75740-5_31.
Language: German
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
"Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing“ (EMDR) ist die Bezeichnung für eine psychotherapeutische Methode, die von der amerikanischen Psychologin Francine Shapiro entwickelt wurde (Shapiro 1998). Das Grundprinzip von EMDR besteht darin, dass die Person sich auf eine traumatische Erinnerung und die damit verbundenen Gedanken und Körperempfindungen konzentriert, während gleichzeitig die Aufmerksamkeit auf einen äußeren Reiz gelenkt wird. Ursprünglich glaubte Shapiro, dass die Induktion von schnellen rhythmischen Augenbewegungen entscheidend für die Wirkung des Verfahrens sei; es zeigte sich aber, dass auch akustische oder taktile Stimulierungen eine ähnliche Wirkung haben. Dennoch wurde die Bezeichnung EMDR als "Markenname“ beibehalten.
"Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is the name of the psychotherapeutic method that was developed by American psychologist Francine Shapiro (Shapiro 1998). The basic principle of EMDR is that the person to a traumatic memory and the related thoughts and body sensations concentrated while the attention is directed to an external stimulus. Shapiro originally thought that the induction of rapid rhythmic eye movements essential for the effect of the procedure was, it turned out, however, that even acoustic or tactile stimuli have a similar effect have. Nevertheless, the term EMDR has been retained as a "brand name".
Accuracy Verified: Yes
3. Ouellette, D. W. (2007, September-October). "Getting the war out:" New paradigms for healing post-traumatic stress. Natural Life News & Directory.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
EMDR is a psychotherapeutic approach developed by Francine Shapiro that uses dual
attention stimulation, such as eye movements, bilateral sound, or bilateral tactile stimulation,
to resolve symptoms resulting from exposure to a traumatic or distressing event.
Clinical trials have demonstrated EMDR's efficacy in the treatment of PTSD. It has
shown to be more effective than some alternative treatments and equivalent to cognitive
behavioral and exposure therapies.Although some clinicians may use EMDR for
various problems, its research support is primarily for disorders stemming from
distressing life experiences.
Keywords: Combat Veterans War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4. محمد نريمانی * و سوران رجبی [Narimani, M., Ahari, S. S., & Rajabi, S.] (2010, Winter). مقايسه تاثير روش حساسيت زدايی توام با حرکات چشم و پردازش مجدد (EMDR) با درمان شناختی ـ رفتاری (CBT) در درمان اختلال استرس [Comparison of efficacy of eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing and cognitive behavioral therapy therapeutic methods for reducing anxiety and depression of Iranian combatant afflicted by post traumatic stress disorder]. مجله علوم پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، واحد پزشکی تهران، 19 (4), 236-245 [Medical Sciences Journal of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, 19(4(58)), 236-245].
Language: Persian
Format: Journal
Abstract:
سابقه و هدف: با توجه به ماهيت علامت محوربودن درمان دارويی، از روش های درمانی حساسيت زدايی توام با حرکات چشم و پردازش مجدد (EMDR) و شناختی- رفتاری (CBT) در درمان اختلال استرس پس از ضربه (PTSD) استفاده می شود. هدف اين مطالعه بررسی تفاوت تاثير دو روش درمانی EMDR و CBT در اختلال استرس است.
روش بررسی: در اين مطالعه مورد شاهدی 51 رزمنده مبتلا به PTSD بستری در بيمارستان ايثار اردبيل يا ساکن در شهر اردبيل به روش نمونه گيری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفی به سه گروه تقسيم شدند.روش مطالعه، آزمايشی گسترش يافته و طرح تحقيق از نوع پيش آزمون ـ پس آزمون چندگروهی بود. ابزارهای مورد استفاده شامل آزمون خاطره های آزاردهنده، مقياس براشفتگی ذهنی، مقياس شناخت واره های مثبت و مقياس اضطراب و افسردگی بيمارستانی بود.
يافته ها: روش های درمانی EMDR و CBT باعث کاهش معنی داری در متغيرهای خاطره های آزاردهنده، اضطراب و افسردگی و برآشفتگی ذهنی شد و ميزان اعتماد به شناخت واره مثبت به طور معنی داری افزايش يافت. روش درمانی EMDR در مقايسه با CBT در کاهش علايم PTSD رزمندگان ايرانی موثرتر بود، با اين وجود هر دو روش در کاهش علايم اين اختلال موثر بودند.
نتيجه گيری: با توجه به اثر درمانی EMDR و CBT در درمان PTSD، پيشنهاد می شود به منظور پيشگيری و کاهش علايم اختلال استرس پس از سانحه جنگ در رزمندگان ايرانی از روش های درمانی فوق در مراکز درمانی استفاده شود.
Background: According to symptom oriented of drug therapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) were increasingly used. The aim of this study was to compare effects of EMDR and CBT in acute stress.
Materials and Methods : In this case-control study of 51 combat PTSD patients admitted to hospital or residing in the sacrifice of Ardabil Ardabil simple random sampling were selected randomly divided into three groups. Methods, expanded testing and research design type were tested before Chndgrvhy test. Test tools used included disturbing memories, anger scale, mental, cognitive scale Varh positive and the hospital anxiety and depression scale.
Results : EMDR and CBT treatments significantly reduced the variables disturbing memories, anxiety and depression and mental frustration and level of confidence in recognizing the positive Varh significantly increased. EMDR therapy compared with CBT in reducing PTSD symptoms was more effective Iranian combatants, however, both methods were effective in reducing symptoms of this disorder.
Conclusion : According to the therapeutic effect of EMDR and CBT in treating PTSD, is recommended to prevent and reduce symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder in war veterans of the Persian mentioned therapies used in treatment centers.
Keywords: Anxiety Anxiety Disorders CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Therapy Depression Depressive Disorders Iranians Middle Aged Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Treatment Effectiveness Veterans War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
5. محمد نريماني ، سوران رجبي [Narimani, M., & Rajabi, S.] (2009). مقايسه ي تأثير روش حساسيت زدايي توأم با حركات چشم و پردازش مجدد در درمان اختلال استرس (CBT) با درمان شناختي رفتاري (EMDR) [Comparison of efficacy of eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing and cognitive behavioral therapy methods in the treatment of stress disorder]. Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad University - Tehran Medical Branch, 19(4), 236-245.
Language: Persian
Format: Journal
Abstract:
سابقه و هدف: با توجه به ماهيت علامت محوربودن درمان دارويي، از روش هاي درماني حساسيت زدايي توأم با حركات چشم و
استفاده مي شود. هدف اين (PTSD) در درمان اختلال استرس پس از ضربه (CBT) و شناختي- رفتاري (EMDR) پردازش مجدد
در اختلال استرس است. CBT و EMDR مطالعه بررسي تفاوت تأثير دو روش درماني
بستري در بيمارستان ايثار اردبيل يا ساكن در شهر اردبيل به PTSD روش بررسي:در اين مطالعه مورد شاهدي 51 رزمنده مبتلا به
روش نمونه گيري تصادفي ساده انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفي به سه گروه تقسيم شدند.روش مطالعه، آزمايشي گسترش يافته و
طرح تحقيق از نوع پيش آزمون پس آزمون چندگروهي بود. ابزارهاي مورد استفاده شامل آزمون خاطره هاي آزاردهنده، مقياس
برآشفتگي ذهني، مقياس شناخت واره هاي مثبت و مقياس اضطراب و افسردگي بيمارستاني بود.
باعث كاهش معني داري در متغيرهاي خاطره هاي آزاردهنده، اضطراب و افسردگي و CBT و EMDR يافتهها: روش هاي درماني
CBT در مقايسه با EMDR برآشفتگي ذهني شد و ميزان اعتماد به شناخت واره ي مثبت به طور معني داري افزايش يافت. روش درماني
رزمندگان ايراني مؤثرتر بود، با اين وجود هر دو روش در كاهش علايم اين اختلال مؤثر بودند. PTSD در كاهش علايم
پيشنهاد مي شود به منظور پيشگيري و كاهش علائم اختلال ،PTSD در درمان CBT و EMDR نتيجهگيري: با توجه به اثر درماني
استرس پس از سانحه جنگ در رزمندگان ايراني از روش هاي درماني فوق در مراكز درماني استفاده شود.
Background: According to symptom oriented of drug therapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) were increasingly used. The aim of this study was to compare effects of EMDR and CBT in acute stress.
Materials and methods: In this case-control study, 51 combatants with PTSD hospitalized in Isar Hospital of Ardabil province or were inhabited in Ardabil were randomly divided to three groups. The method was extended test method and study design was multi-group test-retest. Used tools included boring memories test, subjective units of distress or anxiety (SUD) scale, validity of cognitions (VOC) scale and hospital anxiety and depression scale.
Results: EMDR and CBT significantly decreased boring memories, mental distress, anxiety and depression, and also increased positive cognition. Although both EMDR and CBT caused significant reduction of anxiety and depression, EMDR was superior to CBT in reduction of PTSD symptoms of Iranian combatants.
Conclusion: Regarding efficacy of EMDR and CBT in the treatment of PTSD , it is suggested to prevent and decrease symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Keywords: Anxiety Depression CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Subjective Units of Distress SUD Validity of Cognition VOC
Accuracy Verified: Yes
6. 杜鹃 [Du Juan] ( 发表时间). 创伤后应激反应的相关因素分析及眼动疗法干预研究 [The analysis of related factors of post-traumatic stress and the research on EMDR intervention]. 山东大学.
Language: Chinese
Format: Book
Abstract:
5EMDR未来的方向对EMDR治疗持不乐观的文献亦较多，如有人指出目前关于EMDR的对照研究没有严格遵照科学的原则，故其有效性有待进一步考证〔34j。另外，关于EMDR在处理创伤的生理学症状所起的作用和机制的探讨，还不是很清楚，缺乏更多的实证研究。...
[2.1.5. The future of EMDR. There are also many articles which hold negative attitudes on EMDR treatment. Some people pointed that the current control study of EMDR does not follow strictly the scientific rules. Thus, proofs of its effectiveness are needed. Moreover, the exploration of the function and mechanism of EMDR in the treatment of traumatic physiology symptoms is still unclear and yet to be proved…]
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
7. 陈维樑 [Chen Wei-Liang]. (2008, 年10月[October]). 复杂哀伤,EMDR和“人格结构性解体”理论 [Complicated grief, EMDR and the "structural disintegration of personality" theory]. Proceedings of the 5th World Congress for Psychotherapy, Beijing, China.
Language: Chinese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Presentation will address the therapeutic issues of a complex bereavement case with traumatized history in a bicultural society. EMDR as an integrative psychotherapeutic approach and theory like the "Structural Dissociation of the Personality" as proposed by Nijenhuis, Van der Hart, Steele complements each other in working with complex bereavement. The Presentation outlines the conceptualization of the case based on this theory, the working process and milestones. As the individual grieves, various aspects of structural dissociation are observed. Symptoms are understood in light of the "Apparently Normal and the Emotional Parts of the Personality". The working procedures within the EMDR framework involve processing materials from different aspects of structural dissociation. A reduction of trauma-related symptoms (i.e. depression, phobia, anxiety) over the course of EMDR treatment was observed. Finally, treatment issues as related to attachment, traumatic memory, and daily functioning are discussed in the context of a bicultural urban city. (Presented in English)
Keywords: Complication Grief Personality Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
8. [Chang Sue-Hwang, & Lin C.-P.]. （2004年9月）. 從快速眼動到EM在EMDR的：跳視眼球運動和變化的語義關係的強度 [From REM to EM in EMDR: Saccadic eye movements and change of strength of semantic associations]. 在提交的文件 第43次年度會議在台灣心理學會，研討會 焦慮症：心理素質，調解員和治療問題。政大 大學，台北，台灣，9月26日。 （國科會92 -2815- C型002 -072- H）的 [Presentation at the 43rd Annual Conferences on Taiwan Psychological Association, Symposium on Anxiety Disorders: Diatheses, Mediators and Therapeutic Implications. Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan, September 26. (NSC 92-2815-C-002-072-H)].
Language: Chinese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
研讨会焦虑症：糖尿病，调解员和治疗的影响;（国科会92 - 2825 -架C - 002 - 072 - H）的研究背景及目的：本研究从快速眼动睡眠的眼动脱敏和再加工（EMDR）治疗的可能机制依赖内存后处理模型（夏皮罗，1995年; Stickgold，2002年）的建议，通过睡眠诱导活化的弱协会在REM国家和新兴市场在联想记忆改变运作为REM睡眠融入一般语义记忆创伤的情节记忆。该协会的新兴市场对语义变化的影响后，跳视眼球运动是双边审查了本研究。方法：22名大学生被招募参加者。通过语义启动的任务，一个2（眼球运动情况：水平跳视眼球运动主场迎战没有眼球运动）× 2（语义关联的强度：强主场迎战弱）因子之间的题目设计进行审查的EM在变化的影响强度为否定词的语义联想。为负的刺激弱协会primeability改变反对强者来，根据不同的电磁环境进行了比较。结果：2 × 2方差分析结果表明了显着的主要电磁效应和电磁×语义联想实力显着交互作用，显示弱吸大大超过了强大的电磁吸后，而恰恰相反后非统。结论：研究结果呼应快速眼动睡眠相关记忆加工模式，认为在EMDR电磁可能反映了联想记忆系统通过激活不同的语义相关的词负语义节点协会不同强度的转变。对心理治疗的可能性和未来研究的结果所造成的影响进行了讨论。
Symposium on Anxiety Disorders: Diabetes, Mediators and Therapeutic Implications; (NSC 92-2825-C-002-072-H) Research background & aims: This study examined possible therapeutic
mechanisms of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) from
REM-sleep dependent memory reprocessing model (Shapiro, 1995; Stickgold, 2002)
that proposed that sleep induced change in associative memory via activation of weak
association during REM state and EMs functioned as REM sleep to integrate the
episodic memory of trauma into general semantic memory. The effect of EM on
change of semantic associations after saccadic bilateral eye movements was examined
in the present study.
Methods: Twenty two college students were recruited as participants. Via semantic
priming task, a 2 (eye movement condition: horizontal saccadic eye movements vs. no
eye movements) × 2 (strength of semantic association: strong vs. weak) between
subject factorial design was performed to examine the effect of EM on change of
strength of semantic association for negative words. Change of primeability of weak
associations for negative stimuli as opposed to that of strong ones under different EM
conditions was compared.
Results: The 2 × 2 ANOVA showed a significant main effect for EM and a
significant interaction effect of EM × strength of semantic association, indicating that
weak priming significantly exceeded strong priming after EM, while the opposite was
true after non-EM.
Conclusions: The results echoed REM-sleep dependent memory reprocessing model,
suggesting that EM in EMDR might reflect a shift in associative memory systems by
activating different strength of associations of negative semantic nodes for different
semantically related words. The implications of the results for psychotherapy and
future research possibilities are discussed.
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Postttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD REM REM-Sleep Dependent Memory Reprocessing Model Saccadic Eye Movement Semantic Association Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
9. 市井雅哉, 熊野 宏昭 [Ichii Masaya & Kumano Hiroaki]. (1996). 急性ストレス障害の阪神・淡路大震災被災者に対する眼球運動による脱感作法(EMD)の適用 ブリーフサイコセラピー研究 [Eye movement desensitization by Kobe earthquake victims with acute stress disorder (EMD) application]. ブリーフサイコセラピー、5、53-70の日本人会 [Japanese Association of Brief Psychotherapy, 5, 53-70].
Language: Japanese
Format: Journal
Abstract:
著者らは、EMDを（眼球運動脱感作）阪神淡路大震災から受けたとのASD（急性ストレス障害）の生存者として1ヶ月と診断地震次の2つの女性に適用されます。セッションの中で、彼らの恐れが減少した。その結果、EMDには、ASDクライアントのPTSDを防ぐために使用できることを示した。 25歳焦がすの女性は当初、外傷に関連する画像（例えば、火）、8の初期SUDにレベルを訴えた。眼球運動（EM）の苦痛のレベルの4つの後に0に減少した。眼球運動の7番目のセット後、彼女はそれが終わると、"として完全に本当だった認知"を評価した。 5ヵ月後には、これらの治療の変更が症状のいずれか再発することなく維持された。関連は、この場合、二次的利得と自己使用で議論された。また、結婚28歳の女性、EMDの治療のセッション中に恐怖感の強いreexperienced地震に関連する症状。迅速SUDには0のレベルに減少したEMの11セットの後に恐れている。同時に、彼女は彼女が望ましい認知または"すべては疑いの余地なくすべての権利"は信じられないと報じた。方法はEMDを適用することで画像や正認知の治療に議論された。また、症状の適用範囲やEMDとEMDRの違いが議論された。
Authors applied EMD (Eye Movement Desensitization) to two women who suffered from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and diagnosed as ASD (Acute Stress Disorder) survivors one month following the earthquake. Within a session, their fears were diminished. The result showed that EMD can be used for ASD clients to prevent PTSD. A 25 year-old singe woman initially complained of trauma-related imagery (e.g., fire) with an initial SUD level of eight. After four sets of Eye Movement (EM) the level of distress decreased to 0. After the seventh set of eye movement, she rated the cognition "it was over," as completely true. Five months later, these therapeutic changes were maintained without any relapse of symptoms. Associated with this case, secondary gain and self use were discussed. In addition, a married 28-year-old woman, reexperienced earthquake-related symptoms with a strong sense of fear during the therapy session of EMD. The fear quickly decreased to a level of 0 on SUD after the eleventh set of EM. At the same time she reported that she could believe a desirable cognition or "everything is all right" without any doubt. The way to treat imagery and positive cognition in applying EMD was discussed. Furthermore, an applicable range of symptoms, and the differences between EMD and EMDR were discussed.
Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Earthquake Kobe
Accuracy Verified: Yes
10. 陈维樑, 吴薇莉 [Chen Wei-Liang & Li Wu-Wei]. 2010年 第05期). 我所认识的EMDR陈维樑 [I know EMDR]. 西華大學學報(哲學社會科學版) 29卷5期 [West China University (Social Science Edition, 29(5))]. doi:cnki:sun:cdsf.0.2010-05-002 .
Language: Chinese
Format: Journal
Abstract:
EMDR是一种对治疗PTSD和其他创伤经历的心理治疗方法,这种方法的有效性得到了大量实证研究的支持。本文讨论了一些人们常问及的关于EMDR的基本问题,同时引用了一些案例和相关研究来帮助人们更好地理解和学习EMDR。
EMDR is the treatment of PTSD and other psychological treatment of traumatic experiences, the effectiveness of this approach are a lot of empirical research support. This article discusses some of the people often asked basic questions about EMDR, but cited a number of cases and related research to help people better understand and learn EMDR.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Efficacy Studies Information Processing of Adaptability Study of Curative Effect
Accuracy Verified: Yes
11. Carlson, J. G., Chemtob, C. M., Rusnak K., Hedlund, N. L., Muraoka, M. Y., 齋藤 康子, 齋藤 巖 [Carlson, J. G., Chemtob, C. M., Rusnak K., Hedlund, N. L., Muraoka, M. Y., Saitou Yasuko, and Saitou Iwao]. (1997, December). 戦闘活動による心的外傷後ストレス障害に対する眼球運動性脱感作と再構成法(EMDR) [Reconstruction of eye movement desensitization and post-traumatic stress disorder due to combat operations (EMDR)]. バイオフィードバック研究 24, 50-64 [Biofeedback Research, 24, 50-64, 1997-12-20].
Language: Japanese
Format: Journal
Keywords: Combat Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
12. 市井雅哉 [Ichii Masaya]. (1997年12月). 眼球運動による脱感作と再処理法(EMDR)の急性ストレス障害(ASD)を示した阪神淡路大震災被災者への適用 : ストレス障害に対するストレスの少ない治療法 [Application of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to ASD survivors of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake: Treatment with less stress for stress disorder]. バイオフィードバック研究、（24）、38から44 [Japanese Journal of Biofeedback Research, (24), 38-44].
Language: Japanese
Format: Journal
Abstract:
市井 雅哉 眼球運動による脱感作と再処理法(EMDR)の急性ストレス障害(ASD)を示した阪神淡路大震災被災者への適用: ストレス障害に対するストレスの少ない治療法 バイオフィードバック研究
日本バイオフィードバック学会
阪神・淡路大震災の被災者で急性ストレス障害を呈した2名の女性に対して震災1ケ月後にEMDRを適用した.いずれも1セッションで地震への恐怖感は消失した.EMDRをPTSDやASDといったストレス障害の治療に用いることの有効性が示された.治療技法としてのEMDRの特徴として、即効性,クライエント・治療者双方に対してのストレスの少なさを指摘し,作用機序についてこれまで提唱されている仮説について紹介した.
The Author applied EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) to two women survivors, who suffered from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and diagnosed as ASD one month following the earthquake. Within a session, their fears of the earthquake were diminished. The results showed that EMDR is effective for stress disorders like ASD or PTSD. A 25-year-old single woman initially complained of trauma-related imagery (e.g. fire) with an initial SUD level of eight. After four sets of eye movement (EM) the level of distress decreased to zero. After the seventh set of EM, her rating of cognition as "it was over" went up to "completely true." Five months later, these therapeutic changes were maintained without any relapse of symptoms. A married 28-year-old woman, re-experienced earthquake-related symptoms with a strong sense of fear during a therapy session of EMDR. The fear quickly decreased to a level of zero on SUD after the eleventh set of EM. At the same time she reported that she could believe a desirable cognition or that "everything is all right" without any doubt. The author pointed out that the therapeutic characteristics of EMDR are rapid effectiveness and less stress for both clients and therapists. Also some hypotheses of working mechanisms of EMDR were introduced.
Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder Clinical Case Study Earthquake Empirical Study Females Natural Disasters Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
13. [Yukita Arifumi, Hirose Kimito, Tanaka Kazushi, Kamikado Kazuhiro, Tanaka Koichiro, and Kado Shinichiro] (2008年6月). 自閉症スペクトラムに合併したトラウマ関連障害へのアプローチ―EMDRの一使用例を通して―幸田有史 廣瀬公人 田中一史ほか [Approach for autistic spectrum disorders associated with trauma-related disorders: From a clinical case using EMDR] . こころのりんしょう 第27巻02号 [Clinical Psychology: Various Aspects, 27(2), 311-316].
Language: Japanese
Format: Journal
Keywords: Austistic Spectrum Disorders Case Study Trauma-Related Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
14. Βεντουράτου, Δ. [Ventouratos, D.]. (2007, September). Συνδυάζοντας τη θεραπεία Gestalt και EMDR στο τραύμα που αφορούν τις συγκρούσεις [Combining gestalt therapy and EMDR in trauma related conflicts]. Εισήγηση στο 9ο Ετήσιο Συνέδριο του Ευρωπαϊκού Συνδέσμου για τη θεραπεία Gestalt (EAGT), Αθήνα, Ελλάδα.
Language: Greek
Format: Conference
Keywords: Gestalt Therapy Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
15. Lee, C. W., Taylor, G., & Drummond, P. D. (2006, March-April). The active ingredient in EMDR: Is it traditional exposure or dual focus of attention?. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13(2), 97-107. doi:10.1002/cpp.479.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Very little is known about the mechanisms that underlie the therapeutic effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). This study tested whether the content of participants' responses during EMDR is similar to that thought to be effective for traditional exposure treatments (reliving), or is more consistent with distancing, which would be expected given Shapiro's proposal of dual process of attention. The responses made by 44 participants with PTSD were examined during their first EMDR treatment session. An independent rater coded these responses according to whether they were consistent with reliving, distancing, or focusing on material other than the primary trauma. The coding system was found to have satisfactory inter-rater reliability. Greatest improvement on a measure of PTSD symptoms occurred when the participant processed the trauma in a more detached manner. Cross-lagged panel correlations suggest that processing in a more detached manner was a consequence of the EMDR procedure rather than a measure that covaried with improvement. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Attention Australians Cognitive Processes Empirical Study Mechanism of Action Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Quantitative Study Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
16. Amano, T., Selyama, A., & Toichi M. (2012, June). The activity of the brain cortex measured by NIRS during EMDR session of phantom limb pain [La actividad del cortex cerebral medida por espectroscopía casi infrarroja (NIRS) durante una sesión de EMDR en Dolor de Miembro Fantasma]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
We are reporting the case of
a
female
patient
with
severe
chronic
pain,
which
was
successfully
treated
applying
a
phantom
limb
pain
(PLP)
protocol
of
the
Eye
Movement
Desensitization
and
Reprocessing
(EMDR).
The
patient
is
a
seventy-‐
year-‐old
female,
who
suffered
from
paralysis
in
the
left
lower
limb
due
to
an
accident
during
an
orthopedic
operation
for
herniated
disc.
After
the
operation,
she
began
to
experience
sharp
pain
in
the
paralyzed
limb,
and
neither
nerve
blocks
nor
trials
of
medicine
were
effective
for
this
pain.
It
continued
for
8
years
until
a
PLP
protocol
was
applied.
During
the
sessions
of
the
protocol,
her
sharp
pain
gradually
diminished
and
virtually
disappeared
at
the
end
of
the
EMDR
sessions.
A
follow-‐up
interview,
held
three
years
after
the
sessions,
confirmed
no
recurrence.
The
study
was
designed
to
examine
the
changes
of
frontal
and
temporal
cortices
in
the
blood
flow
in
brain
by
NIRS
during
sessions
of
EMDR.
During
the
recall
of
her
trauma-‐related
events,
her
heart
rate
and
the
blood
flow
increased
in
the
area
of
the
right
superior
temporal
sulcus.
Eye
movement
with
the
recall
of
traumatic
events
leads
to
a
generalized
decrease
in
brain
blood
flow.
The
results
suggest
that
a
PLP
protocol
may
be
an
effective
option
for
the
treatment
of
chronic
pain.
It
is
probably
because
the
technique,
which
is
effective
for
post-‐traumatic
stress
disorder,
can
potentially
dissolve
traumatic
pain
memory.
The
findings
on
blood
flow
seem
to
suggest
that
EMDR
is
effective
in
treating
PTSD
by
normalizing
excessive
cerebral
activation,
particularly
in
the
right
hemisphere,
which
is
related
to
the
memory
of
trauma.
Presentamos
el
caso
de
una
mujer
con
dolor
crónico
severo
tratado
con
éxito
mediante
un
protocolo
de
desensibilización
y
reprocesamiento
con
movimientos
oculares
(EMDR)
para
dolor
de
miembro
fantasma
(DMF).
Se
trata
de
una
mujer
de
setenta
y
dos
ańos
de
edad
que
sufría
una
parálisis
en
la
extremidad
inferior
izquierda
debido
a
un
accidente
durante
una
intervención
quirúrgica
ortopédica
por
una
hernia
discal.
Tras
la
operación,
empezó
a
experimentar
un
dolor
agudo
en
el
miembro
paralizado;
ni
los
bloqueos
nerviosos
regionales
ni
las
pruebas
con
fármacos
fueron
eficaces
para
tratar
su
dolor.
Así
siguió
durante
8
ańos
hasta
la
aplicación
de
un
protocolo
para
el
tratamiento
del
DMF.
Durante
las
sesiones
en
las
que
se
seguía
el
protocolo,
el
dolor
agudo
que
sufría
disminuía
progresivamente
y
desaparición
por
completo
al
finalizar
las
sesiones
de
EMDR.
Durante
una
entrevista
de
seguimiento
a
los
tres
ańos
se
confirmó
la
ausencia
de
una
recurrencia
del
dolor.
Se
diseńó
el
estudio
para
examinar
los
cambios
del
flujo
sanguíneo
cerebral
en
las
cortezas
frontal
y
temporal
mediante
NIRS
en
las
sesiones
de
EMDR.
Durante
el
recuerdo
de
los
eventos
relacionados
con
el
trauma,
se
aumentó
la
frecuencia
cardiaca
y
el
flujo
sanguíneo
en
el
área
del
sulco
temporal
superior
derecho.
Los
movimientos
oculares
que
se
producen
con
el
recuerdo
de
los
eventos
traumáticos
conlleva
una
disminución
generalizada
del
flujo
sanguíneo
al
cerebro.
Los
resultados
sugieren
que
un
protocolo
específico
para
DMF
puede
representar
una
alternativa
efectiva
para
el
tratamiento
del
dolor
crónico.
Probablemente
se
debe
a
que
esta
técnica
que
es
efectiva
en
el
trastorno
por
estrés
post-‐traumático,
tiene
el
potencial
de
disolver
el
recuerdo
del
dolor
traumático.
Los
hallazgos
sobre
el
flujo
sanguíneo
parecen
sugerir
que
EMDR
es
efectivo
en
el
tratamiento
del
TEPT
al
normalizar
la
activación
cerebral
excesiva,
sobre
todo
en
el
hemisferio
derecho,
que
guarda
relación
con
el
recuerdo
del
trauma.
Keywords: Brain Cortex NIRS Phantom Limb Pain
Accuracy Verified: Yes
17. Barreda-Hanson, C. (2012, Septiember). Adaptación del EMDR y terapia breve centrada en el cliente para cambiar percepciones negativas y traumaticas [EMDR adaption of brief client-centered therapy to change negative and traumatic perceptions]. Presentación en la 70 Conferencia Anual del International Council of Psychologist(ICP), Sevilla, Espańa.
Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Abstract:
El estrés subsiguiente después de un traumatismo, representa un trastorno disfuncional – tanto interno como externo – que se manifiesta en alteraciones en el reconocimiento cognitivo y en los comportamientos, llevando además asociados síntomas somáticos, afloramiento de problemas inconscientes y ansiedades. Pues una de las características del estrés post-traumático, es precisamente la pérdida de equilibrio entre el mundo interno y externo de quien lo sufre. Por eso, ante la complejidad de las respuestas post-traumáticas, éstas se pueden catalogar en gran medida dentro de las perturbaciones psicopatológicas.
El estrés psicológico surge por una situación estresante “real”, externa, tangible y la reacción ante esta difícil experiencia, evoca un conjunto bastante universal y coherente de síntomas y respuestas que provocan reacciones primitivas relacionadas con temores inconscientes ante las amenazas a la vida, que hacen aflorar incipientemente fantasías e impulsos abrumadores. Los resultados son los pensamientos disfuncionales que conducen a las respuestas y a los comportamientos desadaptativos.
Objetivos: el taller está diseńado para proporcionar a estudiantes y profesionales de la Psicología – que trabajan o desean trabajar en esta área del trauma y el cambio de comportamientos -, la habilidad para utilizar eficaz y rápidamente intervenciones breves, que puedan poner en practicar incluso en casa. En el taller se estudiará la forma inicial de evaluar, tanto al trauma como a la clientela. Se trabajará la historia del trauma y se profundizará en sus consecuencias y en cómo diseńar las intervenciones breves para hacerles frente. También se centrará en averiguar qué cambios quieren los y las clientes a través de relatos y visualizaciones, utilizando una adaptación de las terapias EMDR y la Solución Enfocada tanto a crear el cambio deseado, como a mantenerlo.
En consecuencia el taller es de particular interés para quienes trabajan con personas que han sufrido cualquier tipo de trauma, o quienes perciben acontecimientos de la vida, experiencias, etc. que les afectan de forma negativa en su día a día. También es útil para las personas que sufren de TOC, sobre todo trastornos del pensamiento.
Los aspectos más útiles de las dos técnicas que se han adaptado junto con otras innovaciones de la autora, guardan relación con la creación de un ambiente seguro, no-traumático, que actúa rápidamente y que además, se puede realizar en casa sin peligro de consecuencias negativas.
Objetivos específicos:
1. Ser capaz de describir e identificar las manifestaciones del trauma.
2. Aprender y describir dos técnicas terapéuticas breves en el tratamiento del trauma
3. Definir una técnica breve terapéutica que puede ser utilizada para fomentar el cambio
4. Destacar el rol del o de la terapeuta durante el tratamiento de los traumatismos
5. Ser capaz de describir, diseńar y establecer metas de la terapia y promover cambios mediante el uso de técnicas de terapia breve.
Métodos: la Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento por Movimientos Oculares (EMDR), es un método complejo e integrador de la psicoterapia individual, mediante el que se guía al cliente utilizando un procedimiento para acceder a sus experiencias y resolver sus problemas conductuales y emocionales. El EMDR utiliza elementos de múltiples orientaciones psicoterapéuticas tanto psicodinámicas, como cognitivo- conductuales, enfoques centrados en el cliente, gestalt y bioenergéticos.
La premisa subyacente de EMDR es que las experiencias de pánico y ansiedad se procesan de forma diferente por el cerebro que las experiencias habituales. La teoría subyacente es que durante el estrés, la memoria grava en una parte del cerebro responsable de las emociones de modulación (la amígdala) y se cierra temporalmente otra parte del cerebro (el hipocampo), responsable de procesamiento de la memoria normal. La experiencia traumática queda atrapada en el exterior y potencialmente no forma parte del procesamiento normal del cerebro, y el EMDR permite a la persona acceder a la experiencia y transformarla en memoria declarativa en el hipocampo. Con el método EMDR, el hipocampo se puede abrir a las emociones evocadas por la experiencia para que el/la cliente pueda soportarlas mientras se realiza el tratamiento. La distracción y la atención a la estimulación bilateral, desempeńan un importante papel que ayuda al cliente a experimentar las emociones como tolerables. Aunque cómo la distracción bilateral en concreto, facilita el procesamiento de las experiencias dolorosas, sea algo que todavía no se termina de entender.
Por otra parte, las Intervenciones Breves de Terapias enfocadas al Cliente se centran en las excepciones del problema, pensando que a continuación se desarrollará un cambio natural en el comportamiento. Es una especie de visión orientada no en las formas tradicionales, sino hacia el futuro, sin profundizar demasiado en la “patología” sino más bien centrándose en lo que el sistema puede hacer para adaptarse a ella, puesto que ambos pueden decidir si esa “patología” es un problema o no lo es.
Las Intervenciones de Terapia Breve enfocadas al Cliente se utilizan para resolver una variedad de problemas de comportamientos y actitudes, mediante el uso de los propios recursos de los y las clientes y las observaciones de las estrategias que utilizan para alcanzar los resultados deseados, en sus situaciones vitales habituales. Se trata de una buena técnica para establecer y mantener un contexto de cambio en el que los pequeńos, pero útiles cambios, se anticipan y se buscan.
En definitiva, la combinación de ambas técnicas con algunas variaciones desarrolladas por la Dra. Barreda-Hanson, han demostrado ser una herramienta poderosa para mejorar la respuesta al tratamiento en un período de tiempo más corto, teniendo también la ventaja de permitir practicar los ejercicios en casa.
Aplicaciones: la aplicación habitual del EMDR ha sido el tratamiento de trastornos emocionales relacionados con eventos muy perturbadores o traumáticos. Pero también se usa para trabajar síntomas preocupantes como la ansiedad, la depresión, la culpa y la ira. E igualmente, se puede utilizar para mejorar recursos emocionales tales como la confianza y la autoestima.
Procedimientos:
- El taller se impartirá en espańol y el alumnado recibirá amplios folletos complementarios.
- Se realizará en una única jornada, en sesión de mańana para teoría y de tarde para prácticas, trabajando cada modelo por separado.
- Se espera que quienes asistan lleven una cuestión-problema sobre la que trabajar utilizando las diversas técnicas, pues aunque se utilizarán múltiples ej. de casos reales, se alentará a quienes participen a traer sus propias experiencias e ideas para debatir y trabajar sobre ellas.
The subsequent stress after trauma represents a dysfunctional disorder - internal and external - that is manifested in alterations in cognitive recognition and behavior, besides being associated somatic symptoms outcrop unconscious problems and anxieties. As one of the characteristics of post-traumatic stress, is the loss of balance between internal and external world of the sufferer. Therefore, given the complexity of post-traumatic responses, they can be categorized largely into psychopathological disturbances.
Psychological stress arises from a stressful situation "real" external, tangible and reaction to this difficult experience, quite evokes a universal and consistent set of symptoms that cause reactions and responses primitive unconscious fears related to threats to life, which bring out fantasies and impulses incipiently overwhelming. The results are the thoughts that lead to dysfunctional responses and maladaptive behaviors.
Objectives: The workshop is designed to provide students and psychology professionals - who work or want to work in this area of trauma and behavior change - the ability to quickly and efficiently use brief interventions, which may put in practice even in house. The workshop will explore how to evaluate initial both trauma as to clients. It will work history of trauma and its consequences will deepen and how design brief interventions to address them. It will also focus on finding out what changes customers want and through stories and views, using an adaptation of EMDR therapy and Solution Focused both to create the desired change, and to keep it.
Thus the workshop is of particular interest to those working with people who have suffered any kind of trauma, or who perceive life events, experiences, etc.. that negatively affect them in their day to day. Also useful for persons suffering from OCD, especially disorders of thought.
The most useful of the two techniques that have adapted along with other innovations of the author, are related to the creation of a safe, non-traumatic, acting quickly and also can be done at home without fear of consequences negative.
Specific objectives:
1. Be able to describe and identify the manifestations of trauma.
2. Learn and describe two brief therapeutic techniques in the treatment of trauma
3. Define a short therapeutic technique that can be used to promote change
4. Outline the role of the therapist or during treatment of injuries
5. Be able to describe, design and establish goals of therapy and promote change through the use of brief therapy techniques.
Methods: Desensitization and Reprocessing Eye Movement (EMDR), is a complex and inclusive method of individual psychotherapy, which is guided by the client using a procedure to access their experiences and address their behavioral and emotional problems. The EMDR uses multiple elements of both psychodynamic psychotherapeutic approaches as cognitive-behavioral, client-centered approaches, gestalt and bioenergy.
The underlying premise of EMDR is that experiences panic and anxiety are processed differently by the brain than normal experiences. The underlying theory is that during stress, gravel memory part of the brain responsible for emotions modulation (amygdala) and temporarily closes another part of the brain (hippocampus), responsible for normal memory processing. The trapped traumatic experience abroad and potentially not part of the normal brain processing, and EMDR allows people access to the experience and transform it into declarative memory in the hippocampus. With EMDR, the hippocampus can be opened to the emotions evoked by the experience that he / the client is able to bear while performing the treatment. Distraction and attention to bilateral stimulation, play an important role to help the client to experience emotions as tolerable. Although bilateral distraction how specifically facilitates the processing of painful experiences, is something that is not yet fully understood.
Moreover, brief interventions focused Customer Therapies focus on the exceptions of the problem, thinking that then will develop a natural change in behavior. It is a kind of non-oriented view on traditional forms, but to the future, without going too deeply into the "pathology" but rather focus on what the system can do to adapt to it, since both can decide whether this "pathology "is a problem or not.
Brief therapy interventions focused Customer are used to solve a variety of problem behaviors and attitudes, using their own resources and comments from customers and the strategies used to achieve the desired results in their situations normal life. This is a good technique to establish and maintain a context of change in that small but useful changes, anticipate and seek.
In short, the combination of both techniques with some variations developed by Dr. Barreda Hanson, have proved a powerful tool for improving the response to therapy in a shorter period of time, having also the advantage of allowing in practice exercises house.
Applications: the routine application of EMDR has been the treatment of emotional disorders associated with very disturbing or traumatic events. But also used to work worrying symptoms such as anxiety, depression, guilt and anger. And also, can be used to enhance emotional resources such as confidence and self-esteem.
Procedures:
- The workshop will be taught in Spanish and students will receive extensive additional brochures.
- Will be held in a single day, in morning session and afternoon theory to practice, working each model separately.
- Who are expected to attend with a question-problem on which to work using various techniques, for example, although multiple use. real cases, those involved are encouraged to bring their own experiences and ideas to discuss and work on them.
Keywords: Brief Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
18. Cotraccia, A. J. (2012). Adaptive information processing and a systemic biopsychosocial model. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(1), 27-36. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.1.27.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Shapiro's (2001) adaptive information processing (AIP) model portrays an innate healing system hypothesized to be composed of neurophysiological mechanisms of action causally related to the resolution of disturbing life experiences. The author expands the model to include psychosocial mechanisms and suggests that a model of a biopsychosocial system can best depict causal properties related to positive outcomes of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Teleofunctionalist and evolutionary perspectives are applied: the first, to explain the inclusion of the psychological and social features highlighted in the updated model; the second, to support the hypothesis that AIP is a goal of the human attachment system. It is posited that bonding, following a disturbing life experience, facilitates the access of information related to previous states, thus allowing an update of self/world models. These interactions are analogous to psychotherapeutic encounters, with multiple levels of information processing at subpersonal, personal, and interpersonal levels. Analysis of the causal properties of personal and interpersonal levels supports a broader understanding of AIP's scope in conceptualizing psychopathology and informing treatment applications and research.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Biopsychosocial Internal Working Models Teleofunctionalism
Accuracy Verified: Yes
19. Holmshaw, M. (2005, April). Adaptive use of the EMDR protocol in the treatment of PTSD and trauma-related conditions, especially after RTAs, occupational accidents and assaults. Presentation at the 3rd annual conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, Belfast, Ireland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Assault Occupational Accidents Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Roadside Traffic Accident RTA
Accuracy Verified: Yes
20. Holmshaw, M. (2005, April). Adaptive use of the EMDR protocol in the treatment of PTSD and trauma-related conditions, especially after RTAs, occupational accidents and assaults. Presentation at 3rd Annual Conference of the EMDR Association of UK and Ireland, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma-Related Conditions
Accuracy Verified: Yes
21. Follette, W. C., & Beitz, K. (2003, July). Adding a more rigorous scientific agenda to the empirically supported treatment movement. Behavior Modification, 27(3), 369-386. doi:10.1177/0145445503027003006.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
As the empirically supported treatment (EST) effort has expanded, there are efforts to make the
study of ESTs a more integral part of training programs. In its present form, the EST list provides
a poor model of how to evaluate treatment and scientific issues related to our field. This article
offers several suggestions regarding how to establish a more relevant scientific agenda for the
committee’swork if the study of ESTs is to usefully influence training programs. Recommendations
are made to encourage programs and the CSP to study mechanisms of change, important
contextual variables for therapy delivery, the distinction between statistical significance and
clinical meaningfulness, dissemination, cost-effectiveness, and iatrogenic effects. It is argued
that any program that created a curriculum educating students to thoughtfully address these
issues when evaluating therapies would be producing sound clinical scientists regardless of the
quality of the EST list itself.
Keywords: Critique Training Committee on Science and Practice CSP Empirically Supported Treatments EST
Accuracy Verified: Yes
22. Waldon, A. (2008, February). Adios pensamientos y sentimientos feos, Manual de EMDR para ninos [Goodbye yucky thoughts and feelings, An EMDR workbook for children] . Lulu.com.
Language: Spanish
Format: Book
Abstract:
Translated from English by Maria Elana Aduriz, Utilizando este cuaderno, el psicoterapeuta de nińo EMDR indica el cliente de nińo por el protocolo de EMDR. Las ilustraciones visualmente atrayentes basadas en los dibujos de nińos son utilizadas para favorecer el nińo a dibujar imaginal y recursos existentes para la fuerza, para la maestría, y para el consuelo. Utilizando estos dibujos, el terapeuta prepara al nińo para procesar un trauma. Entonces, después de que el nińo dibuje un lugar seguro, el terapeuta utiliza el cuaderno para ayudar al nińo identifica los pensamientos, las emociones, y las sensaciones del cuerpo relacionadas al trauma. El nińo está entonces listo para la Fase 4, la insensibilización y volver a tratar del trauma. El cuaderno continúa ayudando al terapeuta indica el cliente de nińo por las fases restantes del protocolo, terminando con un Certificado del Logro para el nińo para mantener. Las instrucciones para el terapeuta y hojas de trabajo para las notas del terapeuta son incluidas.
Using this book, the child psychotherapist EMDR client indicates the child EMDR protocol. The visually appealing illustrations based on drawings by children are used to encourage the child to draw imaginal and resources for the strength, expertise, and for comfort. Using these drawings, the therapist prepares the child to process trauma. Then, after the child draw a safe place, the therapist uses the notebook to help the child identify the thoughts, emotions, and sensations of the body related to trauma. The child is then ready for Phase 4, the stunning and come back to the trauma. The book continues to help the therapist tells the client as a child for the remaining phases of the protocol, ending with a Certificate of Achievement for the child to maintain. The instructions for the therapist and worksheets for the therapist's notes are included.
Keywords: Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
23. Foster, S., & Lendl, J. (1996, June). Advanced case consultations on EMDR applications to the workplace: Enhancing career performance. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Explains the intake process for a client presenting with work-related issues.
Keywords: Career Performance Case Consultation Peak Performance Performance Enhancement
Accuracy Verified: Yes
24. Vogelmann-Sine, S., Popky, A. J., Lazrove, S., Sine, L., Speare, J., Wade, D., & Wade, T. (1995, June). Advanced clinical applications of EMDR to addictive behaviors. Symposium conducted at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop addresses the application of standard and modified EMDR treatment protocols to addictive and compulsive
behaviors including substance abuse/dependence, overeating, smoking, love addiction. Individuals with addictive and compulsive
behaviors frequently have suffered from childhood trauma and neglect resulting in developmental arrests, as well as a variety of
maladaptive behaviors which are trauma-related and serve to minimize pain. The successful implementation of EMDR to addictive
behaviors requires that EMDR be used as part of an overall treatment program carefully addressing the needs of individuals who
have been traumatized and are exhibiting addictive behaviors. A thorough diagnostic work up is needed aimed at assessing
comorbidity, dissociation, and a detailed trauma history covering childhood traumas and traumas suffered as adults including
traumas that occur as a consequence of addictive behaviors. Careful client preparation is essential to assist individuals in coping
adequately with the high levels of emotion experienced during EMDR Clients' readiness to stop compulsive/addictive behaviors
needs to be carefully evaluated.
A decision tree aimed at determining the appropriateness of EMDR to individuals diagnosed with addictive behaviors is presented
which assists clinicians in minimizing the premature use of EMDR. EMDR is a client centered method, and thus, careful pacing is
needed with this population to reprocess underlying traumatic issues. This frequently implies utilizing a modified EMDR treatment
protocol with only partial resolutions of underlying traumatic material. Guidelines will be discussed to assist clinicians in selecting
EMDR targets for optional results which relate to the stages of recovery. EMDR can be used at all stages of recovery to neutralize
the negative impact of memories contributing to problematic behaviors, such as urges to use, ambivalence about treatment, fear of
facing painfull feelings from the past. EMDR also has the power to install templates for future actions which assist individuals with
skill deficits in more rapidly acquiring necessary skills for a successful recovery. Examples of cognitive interweaves are presented
which take into consideration clients' readiness, as well as the need to accelerate the recovery process.
EMDR has a unique role in the recovery of traumatized individuals with addictive and compulsive behaviors since the accelerated
processing of negative experiences and the installation of positive adaptive cognitions assist clients in more rapidly overcoming
barriers throughout the recovery process. It also challenges rigid approaches to recovery which frequently stress that trauma work
should not be attempted before abstinence has been accomplished for a specified period of time. EMDR is especially valuable in
processing core issues which center around shame and manifest in cognitions, such as "I am defective," "There is something wrong
with me," "I am not good enough," "I am not quite right," "I don't belong," "I don't deserve to live." Case examples will be given as
to how such core issues can be targeted to accelerate the recovery process.
A.J. Popky has developed a specialized EMDR treatment protocol which targets levels of urges of addictive/compulsive behaviors
directly and installs a positive internal state of feeling empowered without relying on compulsive and addictive behaviors. Case
examples fiom clinical practice indicate that when levels of urges are targeted directly, underlying traumas frequently emerge
without increasing clients' usage. The symposium addresses the application of this protocol to a range of addictive and compulsive
behaviors.
The Wades' integrative psychotherapy combines ego-state therapy and EMDR in a psychosocial developmental context. Their
substance use disorders treatment program incorporates specialized applications of their integrative psychotherapy, which includes
both individual and group therapy and employs hypnosis as well as EMDR Their presentation focuses on applications of the
standard EMDR protocol in individual therapy, which is limited primarily to desensitization of dysphoric affect and reprocessing
negative cognitions associated with grief and trauma.
Their conceptual framework of substance use disorders proceeds from a goal of reducing the harm caused by substance use and a
primary distinction between functional and autonomous use (rather than the DSM conceptualizations of "dependence" or "abuse")
because this guides interventions. Initial treatment planning depends upon external constraints (e.g., lack of support for positive
change, hostile environment), internal limitations (e.g., severity of substance use and its effects, neurocognitive deficits, inadequate
"ego strength," lack of skills, disrupted psychosocial development, psychological trauma) and the nature of the substance use
disorder (i.e., functional, autonomous, or both).
Methods include education about substance use disorders and processes of change, group therapy to develop skills and obtain
feedback and support, individual therapy to correct disrupted development and resolve traumatic stress reactions, and exercises to
apply what is learned in real-life situations. The standard EMDR protocol is applied to disrupted development involving grief and
to resolve psychological trauma that lead to substance use. Case vignettes in which such applications of the standard EMDR
protocol were employed are presented in detail.
Keywords: Addictions Substance Abuse Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
25. Edgerson, L. D. (2012). Advanced trauma training: Integration of EMDR and clinical hypnosis for the effective resolution of post-traumatic stress disorder. The University of the Rockies, Colorado Spring, CO. 3539756.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Currently, the statistics associated with PTSD are staggering. Countless numbers of men, women, and children around the world are impacted every moment of every day by this extremely disruptive disorder. PTSD is very difficult to live with and can be even more challenging to resolve. A primary reason that the resolution of traumatic memories is such a challenge to treat is the fact that whenever any ounce of negative experience connected to the initial sensitizing event is sensed, the victim immediately reacts in a self-protective fashion by avoiding the experience any way he or she can. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) appears to be the treatment of choice for many mental health clinicians who attempt to help patients recover from their traumatic memories. This author believes that CBT offers some benefit with regard to an understanding of the mechanism behind post-traumatic stress, as well as offer numerous ways to manage stress related symptoms. However, it does poorly in terms of completely resolving multiple traumas or working with chronic complex cases. In addition, a CBT approach has the proclivity to make the disorder more challenging by further increasing insult on the already malfunctioning autonomic nervous system of the victim. Instead, this manual suggests the combined use of EMDR and hypnosis as a more healthy and effective therapeutic modality model that can assist most individuals who suffer from even the most severe post-traumatic stress. The combination of EMDR and hypnosis takes a holistic approach towards healing by working with the defensive systems and the complete neuroanatomical system of the human being, as opposed to against.
Keywords: Anxiety Clinical Hypnosis Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Traumatic Stress
Accuracy Verified: Yes
26. Taylor, S. (2004, July). Advances in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Cognitive-behavioral perspectives.. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
Are behavioral and cognitive-behavioral therapies sufficiently broad in their effects on trauma-related psychopathology and related factors? This volume considers many of the complexities in treating PTSD, and emphasizes evidence-based approaches to treatment. A useful resource for clinicians, trainees, as well as investigators doing research into the treatment of PTSD.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
27. Kirsch, A., & Seidler, G. (2007). Affekt und trauma: Mimisch affektive beziehungsregulation bei gewaltopfern in der EMDR therapie [Affect and trauma: Facial affective behavior and relationship regulation in violence victims during EMDR therapy]. Zeitschrift für Psychotraumatologie, Psychotherapiewissenschaft, Psychologische Medizin (ZPPM), 5(2), 53-66.
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass Patienten mit PTBS ein spezifisches Interaktionsverhalten in die Beziehung implementieren, das sich im mimisch affektiven Ausdruck und insbesondere im affektiven Mikroverhalten ausdrückt. Das mimisch-affektive Verhalten wurde mit dem Emotional Facial Action Coding System (EMFACS) analysiert. EMFACS ist ein Kodiersystem zur Erfassung von mimischen Expressionen, die den Primäremotionen zugeordnet werden. Zusätzlich wurde das Blickverhalten der Interaktanden kodiert und mit den Emotionen in Beziehung gesetzt. Patienten mit einer akuten Traumatisierung zeigen eine Reduktion der gesamten mimischen Aktivität sowie der Primäremotionen. Bezogen auf das Blickverhalten findet sich bei den PTSD-Patienten ein reduziertes beidseitiges Anblicken. Das mimisch affektive Verhalten der Patienten wurde in der ersten und der letzten EMDR-Sitzung verglichen. Es zeigte sich eine leichte Erhöhung.
It is assumed that patients with mental diseases implement a specific interaction pattern, that is expressed in the facial affective expression and particularly in facial-affective micro-behaviours. The facial affective behaviour was coded with the Emotional Facial Acting Coding System, an instrument for the registration of facial movements with emotional relevance. Afterwards these analyses were connected with gazing behaviour. Patients with an acute trauma showed a reduction of overall facial expressions and a reduced frequency of facial affects. Taking the gazing behaviour into consideration it became obvious that PTSD patients showed decreased portion of mutual gaze. Furthermore the facial affective expression of the patients' first and last EMDR session was compared. A slight increasing of facial affective expression and also an increase of the psychic complains was found. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Crime Emotional Numbing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
28. Swedish Council on Technology Assessment (2001, April). Alert: EMDR - Psychotherapy in posttraumatic stress syndrome in young people - early assessment briefs. Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU).
Language: English
Format: Publication
Abstract:
Findings by SBU Alert,
Version: 1,
METHOD AND TARGET GROUP:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a new psychotherapeutic method aimed at processing memories of traumatic events, thereby ameliorating the psychological consequences of these memories. EMDR involves elements from several different psychological approaches. It is uncertain which of the treatment elements are effective. Clients with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the main target group for EMDR treatment. Although both children and adults have been treated with EMDR, this document is aimed particularly at children and adolescents.
PATIENTS BENEFITS, RISKS AND SIDE EFFECTS:
Published studies of EMDR mainly cover adults with PTSD. There are two randomized and controlled studies, one of which has yet to be published, of EMDR treatment in 47 children and adolescents. One of the studies suggests that EMDR yields a better treatment outcome in the short term compared to the control treatment (active listening). In the second study, no significant difference was found between EMDR treatment in combination with standard treatment and standard treatment alone as regards reduction in avoidance and invading thoughts. However, the PTSD symptom of behavioral disorders declined significantly in the EMDR group. Furthermore, numerous case studies suggest that EMDR has a positive treatment effect in children and adolescents with PTSD. No harmful effects have been reported.
ECONOMIC ASPECTS:
There are no economic assessments of EMDR. Limited data suggest that fewer treatments are needed to achieve the desired outcome with EMDR compared to other psychotherapeutic methods. This suggests that EMDR is a potentially cost-effective method in relation to the alternatives, under the assumption that the effects of treatment are permanent.
CURRENT SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE:
There is moderate* scientific evidence to show the benefits of EMDR treatment in children and adolescents. There is no* documentation concerning the cost-effectiveness or effects beyond 6 months.
Since the scientific documentation is limited, the effects of EMDR treatment in both the short and long term should be compared in studies with other treatment alternatives, including standard treatment. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness of the method should be studied under Swedish conditions.
*This assessment by SBU Alert uses a 4-point scale to grade the quality and evidence of the scientific documentation. The grades indicate: (1) good, (2) moderate, (3) poor, or (4) no scientific evidence on the subject.
This summary is based on a report prepared at SBU in collaboration with Kerstin Bergh Johannesson, Lic. Psychol., Akademiska Hospital, Uppsala and has been reviewed by Prof. Mats Fredriksson, Uppsala University, Uppsala.
REFERENCES:
1.) Cahill SP, Carrigan MH, Frueh BC. Does EMDR work? And if so, why? A critical review of controlled outcome and dismantling research. J Anxiety Disord 1999;13(1-2):5-33.
2.) Chemtob CM, Nakashima J, Hamada R, Carlson J. Brief treatment for elementary school children with disaster-related PTSD: a field study. J Clin Psychol, in press.
3.) Chemtob et al. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. In: Foa EB, Keane TM, Friedman MJ, eds. Effective treatments for PTSD. New York: Guilford, 2000.
4.) Devilly GJ, Spence SH. The relative efficacy and treatment distress of EMDR and a cognitive-behavior trauma treatment protocol in the amelioration of posttraumatic stress disorders. J Anxiety Disord 1999;13(1-2):131-57.
5.) Lovett J. Small Wonders: Healing childhood trauma with EMDR. New York: Free Press, 1999.
6.) Macklin ML, Metzger LJ, Lasko NB, Berry NJ, Orr SP, Pitman RK. Five-year follow-up study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for combat-related post traumatic stress disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2000;41(1),24-27.
7.) Puffer MK, Greenwald R, Elrod DE. A treatment outcome study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with traumatized children and adolescents. Presented at the annual conference of the EMDR International Association, Denver, June 1996.
8.) Renfrey G, Spates CR. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A partial dismantling procedure. J Behav Ther Experiment Psychiatr 1994;25:231-239.
9.) Scheck MM, Schaeffer JA, Gilette CS. Brief psychological intervention with traumatized young women: The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. J Trauma Stress 1998;11:25-44.
10.) Shapiro F. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols and procedures. New York: Guilford Press, 1995.
11.) Stallard P, Velleman R, Baldwin S. Prospective study of post-traumatic stress disorder in children involved in road traffic accidents. BMJ 1998;317:1619-1623.
12.) Soberman GB, Greenwald R, Rule DL. A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for boys with conduct problems. J Aggression Maltreatment Trauma, in press.
13.) Tinker RH, Wilson SA. Through the Eyes of a Child: EMDR with children. New York: Norton & Co, 1999.
14.) van der Kolk B. Biological response to psychic trauma. In: Wilson JP, Raphael B, eds. International Handbook of Traumatic Stress Syndromes. New York: Plenum Press, 1993:25-33.
15.) van der Kolk B, Burbridge J, Susuki J. The psychobiology of traumatic memory; clinical implications of neuroimagery studies. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1997;821:99-113.
16.) van Etten M, Taylor S. Comparative efficacy of treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother 1998;5:126-144.
17.) Wilson SA, Becker LA, Tinker RH. Fifteen-month follow-up of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder and psychological trauma. J Consult Clin Psychol 1997;65(6):1047-1056.
18.) Wilson SA, Tinker RH, Hoff.
Alert is a joint effort by the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU), the Medical Products Agency, the National Board of Health and Welfare, and the Federation of Swedish County Councils.
The complete report is available in Swedish only.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Practice Guidelines PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
29. Solvey, P., & Ferrazzano de Solvey, R. C. (2006, January 2). Algunas fobias...żAlgunos traumas? - Segunda Parte [Some phobias...some traumas - Part 2]. DePsicoterapias S.R.L. Retrieved from http://www.depsicoterapias.com/articulo.asp?IdArticulo=542/8/2009.
Language: Spanish
Format: Other
Abstract:
Este artículo postula una relación unívoca, causa efecto entre la existencia de un trauma y la aparición posterior de una fobia. Estos traumas pueden ser de distinta naturaleza, pueden ser recordados y relacionados con la fobia, recordados y no relacionados con la fobia, olvidados y cuyo recuerdo emerge con las técnicas de avanzada, y traumas perinatales, cuyo recuerdo también puede emerger durante el reprocesamiento de la fobia. Se incluye una casuística de ejemplos clínicos, complementando la parte teórica de este trabajo, que postula una función de evolución adaptativa para las fobias.
This article posits a unilinear relation cause-effect relationship between the existence of a trauma and the subsequent appearance of a phobia. These traumas can be of different nature, can be remembered and associated with the phobia, remembered and not related to the phobia, forgotten and whose memory emerges with advanced techniques, and perinatal trauma, the memory may also emerge during the reprocessing of phobia. It includes a case series of clinical examples, complementing the theoretical part of this work, we hypothesize a role of adaptive evolution for phobias.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
30. Solvey, P., & Ferrazzano de Solvey, R. C. (2006, January 3). Algunas fobias...żalgunos traumas? [Some phobias...some traumas?]. DePsicoterapias S.R.L. Retrieved from ://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://www.depsicoterapias.com/articulo.asp%3FIdArticulo%3D54&ei=jV-zS9rxA4aKlwfm1_m7BA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CA0Q7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3DAlgunas%2Bfobias...%25C3%2582%25C2%25BFalgunos%2Btraumas%253F%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4SNNT_enUS353US354 3/12/2006.
Language: Spanish
Format: Other
Abstract:
Este artículo postula una relación unívoca, causa efecto entre la existencia de un trauma y la aparición posterior de una fobia. Estos traumas pueden ser de distinta naturaleza, pueden ser recordados y relacionados con la fobia, recordados y no relacionados con la fobia, olvidados y cuyo recuerdo emerge con las técnicas de avanzada, y traumas perinatales, cuyo recuerdo también puede emerger durante el reprocesamiento de la fobia. Se incluye una casuística de ejemplos clínicos, complementando la parte teórica de este trabajo , que postula una función de evolución adaptativa para las fobias.
This article posits a unilinear relation cause-effect relationship between the existence of a trauma and the subsequent appearance of a phobia. These traumas can be of different nature, can be remembered and associated with the phobia, remembered and not related to the phobia, forgotten and whose memory emerges with advanced techniques, and perinatal trauma, the memory may also emerge during the reprocessing of phobia. It includes a case series of clinical examples, complementing the theoretical part of this work, we hypothesize a role of adaptive evolution for phobias.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
31. Sukirna, S. (2010, July). Alleviating physical tension and pain using EMDR. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This paper describes the utilization of EMDR for physical pain and tension suffered by three tsunami survivors. Physical pain can be conceptualized as caused by trauma, a reaction to trauma, may be exacerbated by trauma or a cause of trauma. Even if it is purely physical, pain apparently impacts psychological aspect of a person e.g. emotion, cognition. EMDR was used to process physical pain due to motorbike accidents and severe headache that presumably related to high blood pressure or sun stroke. During desensitization phase the patients focused mainly on their pain or part of the body that was dysfunctional, while simultaneously attended to the sensation of tapping. All of the patients admitted that the pain were completely alleviated and positive change of cognition occurred after one session of 25-35 minute (desensitization phase with tapping) EMDR. The effect of these one-session EMDR treatments on those patients maintained for months later.
Keywords: Pain Physical Tension
Accuracy Verified: Yes
32. de Roos, C., & Went, M. (2011, April). Als woorden tekort schieten: EMDR bij preverbaal trauma [When words fail: EMDR for pre-verbal trauma]. Presentatie op de 5e jaarlijkse conferentie van EMDR Vereniging, Nijmegen, Nederland.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Infants (0-4 jarigen) kunnen allerlei traumatische gebeurtenissen meemaken zoals intrusieve medische handelingen, een ongeluk, seksueel misbruik en andere vormen van mishandeling. Daarnaast zijn er negatieve ervaringen die niet duidelijk identificeerbaar zijn zoals chronische oorpijn- of buikpijn. Ook deze ervaringen beinvloeden de ouder-kind interactie/ hechtingsrelatie en hebben daarmee hun weerslag op het vermogen tot emotieregulatie en het gedrag.
Herinneringen aan deze gebeurtenissen zijn preverbaal en dus niet op bewust nivo toegankelijk. Daardoor worden zij gemakkelijk over het hoofd gezien als mede-oorzaak of instandhoudende factor van emotionele of gedragsproblematiek in de basisschoolleeftijd. Na aanmelding bij de Geestelijke Gezondheidszorg wordt behandeling daarom vaak gericht op de aanpak van de huidige gedragsproblematiek (symptoombestrijding). Onze ervaring is dat EMDR hier een goede aanvulling biedt. Deze methode richt zich immers op de ‘onderlaag’ van de problematiek door negatieve ervaringen die hieraan gerelateerd zijn te verwerken. Daarna kan een inhaalslag gemaakt worden met betrekking tot de emotieregulatie waardoor zowel gedrag als de ouder-kind interactie verbeteren.
Aan de hand van casuďstiek van infants en schoolkinderen wordt de indicatiestelling en toepassing getoond van het EMDR protocol bij de behandeling van kinderen die in de eerste 4 levensjaren getraumatiseerd zijn. In de presentatie wordt geillustreerd hoe de ‘verhalenmethode’ geintegreerd kan worden in een breder behandelaanbod.
Werkvorm
In de presentatie worden theorie en praktijk gecombineerd. Videobeelden ondersteunen het verhaal.
Infants (0-4 years), all kinds of traumatic experience as intrusive medical procedures, accidents, sexual abuse and other forms ofof abuse . There are also negative experiences that are not clearly identifiable as chronic ear pain or abdominal pain. These experiences affect the parent-infant interaction / attachment relationship and thus have their impact on the capacity for emotion regulation and behavior.
Memories of these events are preverbal and not accessible on a conscious level. Thus they are easily overlooked as a cause or co-maintaining factor of emotional or behavioral problems in primary school. After reporting to the Mental Health Treatment is therefore often aimed at addressing the current behavioral problems (symptoms). Our experience here is that EMDR provides a good addition. This method is focused on the 'layer' of the problem by negative experiences related to this process. Then caught up with regard to both behavior and emotion regulation allowing the parent-child interactions improve.
Through case studies of infants and schoolchildren being shown the indication and application of the EMDR protocol in the treatment of children who are traumatized life on April 1. The presentation illustrated how the 'stories'method can be incorporated into a broader range of treatment.
Form
In the presentation combines theory and practice. Video images support the story.
Keywords: Infants Children Pre-Verbal Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
33. Sack, M., Lempa, W., Steinmetz, A., Lamprecht, F., & Hofmann, A. (2008, October). Alterations in autonomic tone during trauma exposure using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) - Results of a preliminary. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(7), 1264-1271. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.01.007 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
EMDR combines stimuli that evoke divided attention – e.g. eye movements – with exposure to traumatic memories. Our objective was to investigate psycho-physiological correlates of EMDR during treatment sessions. A total of 55 treatment sessions from 10 patients with PTSD was monitored applying impedance cardiography. Onset of every stimulation/exposure period (n = 811) was marked and effects within and across stimulation sets on heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), pre-ejection period (PEP) and respiration rate were examined. At stimulation onsets a sharp increase of HRV and a significant decrease of HR was noticed indicating de-arousal. During ongoing stimulation, PEP and HRV decreased significantly while respiration rate significantly increased, indicating stress-related arousal. However, across entire sessions a significant decrease of psycho-physiological activity was noticed, evidenced by progressively decreasing HR and increasing HRV. These findings suggest that EMDR is associated with patterns of autonomic activity associated with substantial psycho-physiological de-arousal over time. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Germans Empirical Study Impedance Cardiography Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychophysiology PSTD Quantitative Study Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
34. Sack, M. (2005, November). Alterations in autonomic tone during trauma therapy with EMDR. In S. Woodword, J. Hopper, M. Sack, R. Pitman, & D. Kaloupek (Chairs), Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia: Insights into Autonomic Function in PTSD. Symposium conducted at the 21st annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Toronto, ON.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia: Insights into Autonomic Function in PTSD: Studies of cardiac responses to trauma-related cues have defined the mainstream of laboratory research in posttraumatic stress disorder. Examinations
of respiratory sinus arrhythmia now challenge the view that exaggerated sympathetic tone and reactivity provide a sufficient account of the autonomic abnormalities seen in this diagnosis.
Alterations in autonomic tone during trauma therapy with EMDR: It has been hypothesized that EDMR, by pairing stimuli that evoke divided
attention with exposure to trauma memories, elicits repetitive orienting
responses followed by enhanced parasympathetic tone, resulting in significant
within-session psychophysiological de-arousal. We monitored 10 standard
EMDR treatments for PTSD (55 sessions) with impedance cardiography.
Heart rate (HR), parasympathetic tone (RMSSD), sympathetic tone (PEP), and
respiration rate (RESP) were assessed. Markers were set at the onset of every
stimulation/exposure period (N = 811). Effects within and across stimulation
sets were examined. An orienting response, with associated sharp increase
of parasympathetic tone and significant decrease of HR, was found at stimulation
onsets. During ongoing stimulation, sympathetic arousal increased
while parasympathetic tone decreased, responses consistent with stressrelated
arousal during trauma exposure. However, across entire sessions
there was a significant pattern of psychophysiological de-arousal, evidenced
by progressively decreasing HR and increasing RMSSD.
These findings suggest EMDR is associated with distinct patterns
Keywords: Autonomic Tone Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
35. Rogers, S. (1998). An alternative interpretation of “intensive” PTSD treatment failures. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11(4), 769-775. doi:10.1023/A:1024401601800.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
An evaluation of program failures in the treatment of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder has led some reviewers to conclude that the focus of treatment should be shifted away from combat trauma and directed toward other problems. A more detailed examination of these programs reveals that they rarely involve the systematic use of the most soundly-validated PTSD treatment, trauma-focused therapy.
Keywords: Exposure Outcome Treatment Program
Accuracy Verified: Yes
36. Lovett, J. M. (1998). Am I real?: Mobilizing inner strength to develop a mature identity. In P. Manfield (Ed.), Extending EMDR: A casebook of innovative applications, (1st ed.) (pp. 191-216). New York: Norton.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Chris was a 44-year old woman who had extremely low self-esteem, depression, panic attacks, and symptoms of dissociation when she began EMDR-facilitated therapy. Eye movement was used initially to reinforce healthy beliefs, physical sensations, and feelings related to experiences of safety, competence, well-being, and success based on prior learning. EMDR was then employed to target painful memories of childhood scenes with her parents, as well as erroneous beliefs and feelings of intense anxiety. Although none of the memories targeted occurred before age 5, the "white empty feeling" that was targeted seemed to represent the earlier deprivation. The desired positive cognition "I am significant" became the "umbrella cognition" containing various "sub-cognitions" (such as "I am loveable," "I deserve respect," and "I can take care of my needs").As Chris reprocessed traumatic childhood memories with EMDR, more and more of these sub-cognitions were integrated. Progress was not linear, but reprocessing the client's issues as she presented them gradually led to a more stable, flexible, and resilient sense of self. Eventually, the negative self-assessments dissipated. After 18 sessions Chris felt strong and confident, fully present, and eager to be involved in intimate relationships that were based on mutual respect. [Text, pp. 215-216] [Pilots]
Keywords: Adults Americans Anxiety Disorders Case Report Child Abuse Cognitive Therapy Depressive Disorders Females Life Experiences Neglect Psychotherapeutic Processes Self Esteem Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
37. Wartik, N. (1994, Aug 7). The amazingly simple, inexplicable therapy. Los Angeles Magazine, 9.
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
I've just seen a demonstration taped during the course of a recent study, of what's probably the most controversial psychotherapy in
use today. In 1989, the first articles about an improbable-sounding tech
nique for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (F'ISD) appeared in the
psychological literature. PTSD. an anxiety disorder with a multitude of
mental and physical symptoms, strikes after an ordeal such as rape. combat.
chid abuse or natural disaster and can permanently scar a psyche. But with
little more than a wave of the hand, it seemed, Eye Movement Desensitizatior.
and Reprocessing (EMDR) could undo trauma's tormenting effects in a remarkably
short time, sometimes in a single session.
The procedure, originated by psychologist Francine
Keywords: General Mary Overview
Accuracy Verified: Yes
38. Descilo, T. (1999). Amelioration of death-related trauma with traumatic incident reduction (TIR) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). In C. R. Figley (Ed.), Traumatology of grieving: conceptual, theoretical, and treatment foundations (pp. 153-182). Philadelphia: Brunner/Mazel.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The author notes the significance of the child-adult system and the effects of the death of either person on the other. She describes two treatment approaches: traumatic incident resolution (TIR) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Both approaches are reviewed, beginning with the theoretical model on which they are based. In a synthesis of both TIR and EMDR, the author offers "clinical traumatology skills" to overcome the potential bias introduced by the therapist. She discusses three focusing drills to develop practitioners' effectiveness in focusing on the most critical issues and procedures of trauma work. Acknowledgement and closure drills enable practitioners to more effectively end trauma work sessions. The author also discusses what effective trauma treatment should look like. These end points help assure both client and therapist that the distress associated with the memories has been removed permanently. After discussing the role of emotions in processing traumatic events, the chapter focuses on TIR and then EMDR regarding assessment and treatment procedures. This is followed by a discussion of what can go wrong when applying the treatment procedures. The chapter ends with presentation and discussion of a case example. [Adapted from Introduction]
Keywords: Assessment Bereavement Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Survivors TIR Traumatic Incident Reduction
Accuracy Verified: Yes
39. Descilo, T. (1999). Amelioration of death-related trauma with traumatic incident reduction (TIR) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). In C. Figley (Ed.), Death-Related Trauma: Conceptual, Theoretical, and Treatemnt Foundations. London: Taylor & Francis.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: The author notes the significance of the child-adult system and the effects of the death of either person on the other. She describes two treatment approaches: traumatic incident resolution (TIR) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Both approaches are reviewed, beginning with the theoretical model on which they are based. In a synthesis of both TIR and EMDR, the author offers "clinical traumatology skills" to overcome the potential bias introduced by the therapist. She discusses three focusing drills to develop practitioners' effectiveness in focusing on the most critical issues and procedures of trauma work. Acknowledgement and closure drills enable practitioners to more effectively end trauma work sessions. The author also discusses what effective trauma treatment should look like. These end points help assure both client and therapist that the distress associated with the memories has been removed permanently. After discussing the role of emotions in processing traumatic events, the chapter focuses on TIR and then EMDR regarding assessment and treatment procedures. This is followed by a discussion of what can go wrong when applying the treatment procedures. The chapter ends with presentation and discussion of a case example. [Adapted from Introduction]
Keywords: Death Traumatic Incident Reduction
Accuracy Verified: Yes
40. Kahveci, S., Erdogan, T., Karakus, D., Dogaroglu, S., Aydemir, S., Sen, G., Serpel, A., Kakan, N., & Ozgun S. (2010, June). Analyzing the effect of EMDR on pre-post menstrual disturbance. In Female issues. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Description of the study: Traumatic experiences may
lead to body sensations. Some illnesses such as Migraine, ulcer
and fibromyalgia which causes body disturbance have psychological
roots. Steven Marcus also shows the relation between
traumatic event and migraine in his studies. This study is inspired
by the relationship between body disturbance related illnesses
and traumatic experiences. In this study, physical and
emotional disturbances experienced by women during the
MDR menstrual cycle is studied by the use of EMDR.
Participants in this study will receive a (max) 12 session EMDR
treatment. All participants are going to fill a battery of tests
consisting of Beck Depression Scale, STAI, Life Events Check
List, Subjective Pain Level before and after the study and keep
a diary of disturbance during the study.
EMDR and the study: It is hypothesized that females who have
more traumatic experiences related to menstrual cycle will experience disturbances during the menstrual cycle and after 12 first session of EMDR treatment there will be a decrease in reported
disturbance levels. It is also hypothesized that the more negative cognitions a women has related to her gender/sexuality, the more disturbance she experiences.
Learning objectives: Showing the way EMDR can be used in
PMS and Dismenore Establishing the relationship between Pre- Post Menstrual Disturbances and negative & irrational beliefs related to gender identity.
Enhancing the knowledge on the effect of previous negative
life events on somatic sensations in the long term.
Our study suggests that: Despite the fact that premenstrual
Disturbances and Dismenore are quite common among the
women, it is rarely studied by psychotherapists. In this study
we reviewed the relevant literature and tried to show that these
problems can be studied by using EMDR.
Keywords: Female Issues Pre Menstrual Post Menstrual Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
41. Lupo, W., Plans, B., & Seijo, N. (2010, Abril). Aplicación de EMDR en el tratamiento del Trauma (PTSD) [EMDR in the application of trauma treatment (PSTD)]. In EMDR: Un abordaje integral de la personalidad traumatizada (Francisca García Guerrero, Coordinadora). Simposio realizado en el Congreso Internacional sobre Avances en Tratamientos Psicológicos, Granada, Spain .
Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR es un modelo de terapia, que se basa en el procesamiento adaptativo
de la información (AIP). Además de desensibilizar, se trata de transformar
la memoria afectada por el trauma, en la que las experiencias disfuncionales
queden definitivamente en el pasado e integrarlas al presente de
una forma adaptativa.
En el trastorno de estrés postraumático y en el DESNOS, encontramos
una memoria fragmentada, con un alto nivel de activación psicofisiológica,
una dificultad en regular los afectos y con los síntomas intrusivos y evitativos
vinculados a las experiencias.
El procedimiento de EMDR, consta de 8 fases y mostraremos su aplicación
en la presentación de un caso clínico de Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático.
EMDR therapy is a model that is based on adaptive processing
information (AIP). Desensitize addition, it is transformed
memory affected by trauma, which experiences dysfunctional
are definitely in the past to the present and integrate
adaptive way.
In posttraumatic stress disorder and in the DESNOS, found
a fragmented memory, with a high level of activation psychophysiological
a difficulty in regulating emotions and intrusive and avoidant symptoms
linked to experiences.
The EMDR procedure consists of eight phases and show its application
in presenting a case of PTSD.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
42. Lupo, W., Plans, B., & Seijo, N. (2010, Abril). Aplicación de EMDR en el tratamiento del Trauma (PTSD) [EMDR in the application of trauma treatment (PSTD)]. In EMDR: Un abordaje integral de la personalidad traumatizada (Francisca García Guerrero, Coordinadora). Simposio realizado en el Congreso Internacional sobre Avances en Tratamientos Psicológicos, Granada, Spain .
Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR es un modelo de terapia, que se basa en el procesamiento adaptativo
de la información (AIP). Además de desensibilizar, se trata de transformar
la memoria afectada por el trauma, en la que las experiencias disfuncionales
queden definitivamente en el pasado e integrarlas al presente de
una forma adaptativa.
En el trastorno de estrés postraumático y en el DESNOS, encontramos
una memoria fragmentada, con un alto nivel de activación psicofisiológica,
una dificultad en regular los afectos y con los síntomas intrusivos y evitativos
vinculados a las experiencias.
El procedimiento de EMDR, consta de 8 fases y mostraremos su aplicación
en la presentación de un caso clínico de Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático.
EMDR therapy is a model that is based on adaptive processing
information (AIP). Desensitize addition, it is transformed
memory affected by trauma, which experiences dysfunctional
are definitely in the past to the present and integrate
adaptive way.
In posttraumatic stress disorder and in the DESNOS, found
a fragmented memory, with a high level of activation psychophysiological
a difficulty in regulating emotions and intrusive and avoidant symptoms
linked to experiences.
The EMDR procedure consists of eight phases and show its application
in presenting a case of PTSD.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
43. Grozdanko, G., & Simonovic, M. (2003, May). The application of EMDR in different stages of the evolution of the PSTD symptoms. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Poster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
44. Hase, M. (2004, June). Application of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on severe posttraumatic stress disorder following a single traumatic event in elderly psychiatric patients. In single trauma and grief (L. Cornil, Chair). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Single traumatic events can lead to severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with serious effects on some and psyche as well as on social functioning. Often our focus in diagnostics is limited on obvious traumatic experiences according to the ICD-10 or DSM-IV criteria of what a traumatic event should be. But trauma can be variant or masked by somatic illness or comorbid psychiatric disorder. Beside the straightforward PTSD cases, the clinician should pay attention to comorbidity and the effect of dysfunctionally stored, incompletely processed information in a variety of patients. PTSD seems to be underdiagnosed in elderly patients. This paper, as part of the symposium on the treatment of single traumatic events using EMDR, has it foundation in clinical practice and gives evidence on the importance if diagnosing for PTSD and applying appropriate treatment especially EMDR, in the subgroup of elderly patients. Two case examples of PTSD following a single traumatic event in the course of depressive illness and the course somatic illness illustrate important principles and give evidence of the successful application of EMDR in the treatment of PTSD following a single traumatic event with elderly patients. The guidelines for good clinical practice in the treatment of PSTD following a single traumatic event regarding EMDR standard protocol and procedural rules will be outlines. In some respects EMDR treatment has to be adapted to the special demands of the elderly. Some ideas will be formulated and discussed. The aim of the presentation is to encourage the clinician in engaging in active treatment of the sequelae of single traumatic events in general and specially to apply EMDR with elderly patients, hereby stimulating research on the application of EMDR with the elderly, a hitherto often neglected subgroup of patients.
Keywords: Elderly Grief Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Single Trauma Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
45. Darker-Smith, S. (2007, June). Application of mindfulness for impulse control and self harm. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Self harm presents a risk in using EMDR with emotionally vulnerable clients, due to the dangers of their immediate behaviours. However, often these behaviours are in response to deep-seated memories linked to traumas, which with the help of EMDR could safely be processed once the impulsive and risky behaviours are controlled. Mindfulness has been utilised by the Author as a stabilisation method of reducing dissociation in clients, prior to trauma processing (CEP conference – Darker-Smith, 2005). More recently, the author has discovered that the application of mindfulness and imagery techniques work more effectively for clients with tendencies for self-harm, compared to alternative behavioural techniques designed to distract from or substitute for impulsive desires to self-harm (e.g.., the use of ice cubes or elastic bans, to create a distraction from the impulse). Two groups were studied in the process of treating co-morbid symptoms for alternative conditions with EMDR, ranging from eating disorders, anxiety disorders, and trauma, prior to EMDR processing. For clinical reasons, clients with depression, personality disorders and other Axis 2 disorders were not included in this study due to contraindications in current research relating to Mindfulness. Participants self-harming behaviours related to superficial cutting, punching, and burning. Group 1 consisted of six clients who were offered alternative behavioural techniques (e.g., elastic bands or ice cubes) to distract or substitute for the desire for self-harm. Group 2 consisted of eight clients who were offered mindfulness techniques, including imagery meditations to distract or substitute for the desire to self harm. The groups were distributed as evenly as possible and no major emphasis was placed on the treatment of self-harming behaviours, instead being placed on the major problems (anxiety, eating disorder or trauma).
The Group (1)[consisted of 6 persons:(3 with Anxiety, 3 with Eating Disorders, 1 with Trauma)] who were offered suitable behavioural techniques utilised them effectively when their distress levels were mild (between 1-4 on a 0-8 behavioural scale), however, reverted back t self harming behaviours (e.g., cutting, burning, pinching) when distress levels reached 5 or higher. The Group (2)[consisted of 8 persons: (3 with Anxiety, 4 with Eating Disorders, 1 with Trauma)] who were offered aspects of Mindfulness training to facilitate tolerance of distressing emotions and being aware of the active moment did not tend (on average) to revert back to self-harming behaviours, choosing instead to utilise mindfulness methods (such as 3-minute breathing space).
Conclusion: Mindfulness is more effective as impulse control for self-harming behaviours than behavioural alternative strategies and can be utilised as a form of stabilisation in combination with controlling impulsive behaviours, prior to EMDR.
Keywords: Impulse Control Mindfulness Poster Self Harm
Accuracy Verified: Yes
46. Casadaban, A. (1996, June). Applying EMDR to physical illness, injury, and symptoms in adults and children: EMDR protocol for the assessment and treatment of physical phenomena with selected applications. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Level I. Targeting of Physical Symptoms or Triggers.
Installing of Positive States
Use this level when:
client readiness and safety factors are met.
the experience of the symptom(s) is distressing to the client.
a limited number of therapy sessions is available.
the client does not necessarily have an awareness of the causes or
functions of the symptoms.
the client is not aware of a trauma related to the symptom.
w the assessment does not reveal trauma related to the symptom.
w trauma or other complicating issues are identified but the client's
stability or circumstances does not tolerate Level I1 or 111, and client
and therapist can devise ways to contain upsetting issues which may
come up.
the client wants to try for symptom relief without deeper processing. [Excerpt]
Keywords: Injury Physical Illness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
47. Dunton, R. (1993, March). Applying the EMDR method to children and adolescents with school related behavior and learning issues. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Sunnyvale, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
"I know that girl--it's Pat," said Sophie to the Moon Rabbit. She's
always sour-faced , always quarreling. Nobody likes her."
"But here (on the moon) you see her as she really is, underneath her
shyness and loneliness. You see her as she would be if she were treated like a
princess. That's what everyone deserves, you know," said the Moon Rabbit.
(Excerpt from The Princess and the hloon, Daisaku Ikeda-1991, Knopf, NY.)
Keywords: Children Learning Difficulties
Accuracy Verified: Yes
48. de Jongh, A., ten Broeke, E., & Meijer, S. (2011). Approche des deux méthodes: Un modčle de conceptualisation de cas dans le contexte de l’EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(1), 12–21. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.1.E12.
Language: French
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Cet article décrit un modčle complet qui permet d’identifier des souvenirs cibles essentiels pour le traitement
EMDR. L’“Approche des deux méthodes” peut s’appliquer ŕ la conceptualisation et ŕ la réalisation
du traitement pour une large gamme de symptômes et de problčmes autres que ceux qui sont directement
en lien avec l’ESPT. Le modčle se compose de deux types de conceptualisation de cas. La Premičre
méthode s’applique aux symptômes permettant de préciser de maničre significative les événements
étiologiques ou aggravants sur une ligne du temps. Elle est principalement destinée ŕ la conceptualisation
et au traitement de troubles de l’Axe I du DSM-IV-TR. La Seconde méthode est utilisée pour identifier
les souvenirs qui sous-tendent les croyances fondamentales dysfonctionnelles. Cette méthode est
principalement destinée ŕ traiter les formes plus graves de psychopathologie, comme la phobie sociale
sévčre, l’ESPT complexe ou les troubles de la personnalité. Les deux méthodes de conceptualisation de
cas sont expliquées point par point, en détail, et sont illustrées par des exemples de cas.
This article describes a comprehensive model that identifies key target of memories for the treatment
EMDR. The "approach of the two methods " can be applied to the conceptualization and implementation
treatment for a wide range of symptoms and problems other than those directly
related PTSD. The model consists of two types of case conceptualization. First
method applies to specific symptoms for significantly Events
causative or aggravating on a timeline. It is mainly intended for the conceptualization
and treatment of disorders of Axis I DSM-IV-TR. The second method is used to identify
memories that underlie dysfunctional core beliefs. This method is
primarily intended to address the more serious forms of psychopathology such as social phobia
severe complex PTSD or personality disorders. Both methods of conceptualizing
cases are explained point by point in detail and are illustrated by case examples.
Keywords: Case Conceptualization Model
Accuracy Verified: Yes
49. Sautai, G. (2007, Juin). Approche des patient poly-traumatisés par immersion EMDR [Approach of poly traumatised patients with EMDR immersion]. Présentation ŕ la réunion annuelle de l'Association EMDR Europe, Paris, France.
Language: French
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Certains patients présentent "traumatisme poly» ou «empoisonnement psychique» tel que décrit par Jacques Roques dans «Guérir Avec l" EMDR. "Souvent, il s'agit d'un environnement socio culturel a commencé pendant l'enfance. Sur la base de l'hypothčse formulée par Francine Shapiro que le traumatisme peut engendrer des «bloqué les réseaux neuronaux," nous supposons une mise en forme "pourrait se produire au cours de la petite période d'apprentissage.
Exposés ŕ un traumatisme insidieux et répétitifs, un jeune cerveau Virgin Stores réseaux neuronaux liés ŕ la vulnérabilité des enfants en tant que mécanisme de défense. Cela pourrait ętre obstrué par des perturbations répétitives créer une souffrance psychologique. En tant qu'adulte, ce réseau neuronal inhibiteur, stimulée par déclenchement d'exprimer des comportements excessifs et une forte émotion que nous avons appelé le «non adapté en forme» (NAF).
Nous savons combien il est difficile de prendre ce type d'intoxication »en charge des séances de thérapie EMDR traditionnels en raison de l'interférence des composants multimodal. Habituellement, ils participent émotions mixtes liés ŕ la sécurité, l'estime de soi et le libre choix. Par conséquent, nous avons développé une modalité particuličre: EMDR immersion qui est un cours intensif de 10 jours consécutifs de traitement par le patient. «L'objectif clinique est de traiter les dimensions de la croissance personnelle et le développement ainsi que l'élimination de plus de la souffrance» (Francine Shapiro).
Notre expérience comprend 24 patients avec un niveau élevé de troubles psychologiques liés ŕ la NAF. Seuls les patients avec expérience dissociative échelle score inférieur ŕ 25 ont été considérés.
Nous utilisons l'approche thérapie EMDR suivant les 8 étapes du protocole standard.
Nous recevons toute l'histoire chronologique du patient, «de la naissance ŕ aujourd'hui», permet nous permet d'identifier une moyenne de sept objectifs principaux.
Pour ętre capable de transmuer la NAF ŕ une résolution d'adaptation, nous introduisons un des noms de ressources notamment l '«archaďsme», définie comme «la partie de l'ętre humain en charge de Live principe de préservation."
Nous l'accčs au réseau d'information dysfunctionally stockée par le biais des objectifs.
Nous stimulons le systčme de traitement de l'information et de la maintenir en forme dynamique avec tactiles et autres additifs stimulations bilatérales. Nous passons l'information par le suivi du processus de libre-association et de lancement des procédures pour s'assurer que la cible transmue ŕ une résolution adaptative.
Comme mesure psychométrique et méthode d'évaluation, nous utilisons l'échelle PCL-S sur les traumatismes exprimé par le patient au début de MED immersion. Le score moyen est de 70 degrés avant l'immersion elle ŕ 28 deux mois plus tard et ŕ 26 six mois plus tard.
En ce qui concerne les résultats encourageants, nous décidons de partager l'expérience afin de mettre ŕ jour.
Some patients present with “poly traumatism” or “psychic poisoning” as described by Jacques Roques in “guérir avec l”EMDR.” Often it is a socio cultural environment started during childhood. Based on the hypothesis formulated by Francine Shapiro that trauma could engender “blocked neuronal networks,” we assume a “formatting” could occur during the childhood learning period.
Exposed to insidious and repetitive trauma, a virgin young brain stores neuronal networks related to the child vulnerability as defense mechanism. That could get blocked by repetitive disturbances creating psychological pain. As an adult, this blocker neuronal network, stimulated by trigger express excessive behaviors and strong emotion we called the “Non Adapted Formatting” (NAF).
We know how difficult it is to take this “poisoning” in charge with traditional EMDR sessions because of the multimodal components interfering. Usually, they involved mixed emotions related to security, self esteem and free choice. Therefore, we developed a particular modality: EMDR Immersion that is an intensive, 10 consecutive days of therapy with the patient. “The clinical goal is to address the dimensions of personal growth and development along with the elimination of over suffering” (Francine Shapiro).
Our experience includes 24 patients with a high level of psychological disturbance related to the NAF. Only patients with Dissociative Experience Scale score less than 25 were considered.
We use EMDR therapy approach following the 8 phases of the standard protocol.
We receive the complete chronological story of the patient, “from birth to now,” allows allows us to identify an average of seven main targets.
To be able to transmute the NAF to an adaptive resolution, we introduce a particular resource names “Archaism” defined as “Part of the human being in charge of Live Principle Preservation.”
We access the dysfunctionally stored information network through the targets.
We stimulate the information-processing system and maintain it in dynamic form with tactile and additive alternative bilateral stimulations. We move the information by monitoring the free-association process and initiating procedures to make sure that the target transmutes to an adaptive resolution.
As psychometric measurement and method evaluation, we use PCL-S Scale on the traumatisms expressed by the patient at the beginning of MED Immersion. The average score is at 70 before Immersion it degrees to 28 two months later and to 26 six months later.
Regarding the encouraging results, we decide to share the experiment in order to upgrade it.
Keywords: EMDR Immersion
Accuracy Verified: Yes
50. Haycock, R. D. (2009). Arming commanders to combat PTSD: A time for change – Attacking the stressors vice the symptoms. School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Arming Commanders to Combat Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by COL Robert D. Haycock, US Army, 53 pages.
Just as war is not a new phenomenon, neither are the issues associated with the mental and emotional scars combat brings to those who fight a nation’s wars. Historically, the United States has assumed a reactive vice proactive posture as it relates to coping with the fiscal, and humanistic challenges that manifest within a nation at war, and those who experience the trauma of combat. The Army has proven slow to respond to the need to train and educate its leaders and instead has devoted vast capital on the assessment and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attacking the symptoms as they arise, vice attacking the stressors which cause the affliction. The invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan and the deployment of forces throughout the world to combat terror, however, have created conditions whereby PTSD is again in the lime-light.
This monograph examines PTSD from a historical perspective reviewing the manner in which the Army viewed, assessed, and treated those afflicted with PTSD as well its methods for training and educating those honored with the opportunity to lead these warriors in battle. This monograph highlights existing shortfalls in assessment, training, doctrine, and education as it relates to those commanding at the battalion-level.
The Army does not properly prepare battalion commanders for the complexities of coping with PTSD in their units nor arm them with the tactics, techniques, and procedures necessary to mitigate the effects of PTSD on the combat effectiveness of their units and the soldiers that fill the ranks.
The Army should implement more rigorous assessment programs for units deployed to identify those at risk of PTSD or demonstrating stress-related symptoms before the mental well-being of the soldier is dramatically affected and treatment becomes more difficult. Further, the Army should review and update existing doctrine and training techniques (Battlemind training) to focus specifically on commanders at the battalion level. The Army must demonstrate a linkage between doctrine, training and education, enhance efforts to consolidate PTSD resources for ease of access, and revise strategic communications procedures to reduce stigmas associated with PTSD. The Army must arm its tactical commanders with the tools to address the stressors associated with PTSD in order to preserve the force and ensure its effectiveness in the ambiguous and complex environment which appears to best characterize the way ahead.
Keywords: Combat Military Monograph Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
51. van der Kolk, B. A. (1999, November). Assessment and treatment of complex PTSD. Specialty training course presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Miami, FL.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
While most research on PTSD has studied subjects exposed to single
trauma, in clinical practice the vast majority of treatment seeking
patients have histories of multiple traumas, usually interpersonal,
abuse. This gives rise to complex clinical pictures, of which
PTSD is just one dimension. The Trauma Center in Boston is a
large, multidisciplinary, developmentally focused Clinic which specializes
in the treatment of traumatized children and adults. Our
clinic uses a developmentally based assessment tool which helps in
the staging of appropriate treatment interventions. Special emphasis
is placed on providing patients with skills to deal with complex
trauma-based symptoms, such as dissociation, by teaching stablization with DBT techniques, psychoeducational groups, resource
installation, SIT, and body-oriented methods, in which patients are
taught skills to increase their internal locus of control. We will
review the rationale for various psychopharmacological interventions
and the role of groups to enhance the capacity for mutual
relationships. All treatment occurs on the foundation of continuity
of care with one individual therapist who follows the patient’s
progress,explores life issues, helps deal with re-enactment behaviors,
and does trauma-specific treatment, such as EMDR or CBT
for alleviation of trauma-specific symptoms. This conference will
explore these issues in depth and discuss in detail the staging and
applications of various treatment techniques in clinical practice.
Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PSTD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
52. Sack, M., Lempa, W., & Lamprecht, W. (2007). Assessment of psychophysiological stress reactions during a traumatic reminder in patients treated with EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1(1), 15-23. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.1.1.15.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study investigates changes of stress-related psychophysiological reactions after treatment with EMDR. 16 patients with PTSD following type I trauma underwent psychometric and psychophysiological assessment during exposure to script-driven imagery before and after EMDR and at 6-month follow-up. Psychophysiological assessment included heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) during a neutral task and during trauma script listening. PTSD symptoms as assessed by questionnaire decreased significantly after treatment and during follow-up in comparison to pretreatment. After EMDR, stress-related HR reactions during trauma script were significantly reduced, while HRV indicating parasympathetic tone increased both during neutral script and during trauma script. These results were maintained during the follow-up assessment. Successful EMDR treatment may be associated with reduced psychophysiological stress reactions and heightened parasympathetic tone. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Germans Manual-Based Treatments Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychophysiology PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
53. Konuk, E. (2002). The August and November 1999 Turkish earthquakes: An EMDR HAP progress report. The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net on 12/27/2008.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
I would like to give you a progress report on our projects related to the earthquake
disaster. We appreciate and thank you for your ongoing and generous contributions in
these projects.
Keywords: Earthquakes HAP Turkey
Accuracy Verified: Yes
54. Leiner, A. S., Kearns, M. C., Jackson, J. L., Astin, M. C., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2012, January). Avoidant coping and treatment outcome in rape-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,80(2), 317-321. doi: 10.1037/a0026814.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: Objective: This study investigated the impact of avoidant coping on treatment outcome in rape-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method: Adult women with rape-related PTSD (N = 62) received 9 sessions of prolonged exposure (PE) or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). The mean age for the sample was 34.7 years, and race or ethnicity was reported as 67.7% Caucasian, 25.8% African American, 3.2% Latina, and 3.2% other. PTSD was assessed with the PTSD Symptom Scale–Self-Report (Foa, Riggs, Dancu, & Rothbaum, 1993), and avoidant coping was assessed using the Coping Strategies Inventory–Disengagement subscale (CSI-D; Tobin, Holroyd, Reynolds, & Wigal, 1989). Results: Pretreatment avoidant coping was negatively associated with posttreatment PTSD symptom severity even when controlling for initial severity of total PTSD symptoms and when removing PTSD avoidance symptoms from the analysis to account for potential overlap between avoidant coping and PTSD avoidance symptoms: ΔR2 = .08, b = −0.31, 95% CI [−0.17, −0.01], t(60) = −2.27, p = .028. The CSI-D pretreatment mean score of 100 predicted a 96% likelihood of experiencing clinically significant change (CSC) during treatment. A CSI-D pretreatment score of 61 was associated with a 40% likelihood of experiencing CSC. Conclusions: PE and EMDR appear to be beneficial for women who frequently engage in avoidant coping responses following rape. A small subset of women with initially low levels of avoidant coping are unlikely to experience a therapeutic response from PE or EMDR. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Rape Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
55. Sachsse, U., & Tumani, V. (1999, November). Be borderline! A successful inpatients’ treatment program for (type II) traumatized female patients with PTSD/DES/BPD and the symptom of self-mutilation. Presentation at the annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Miami, FL.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Using therapeutic experiences from the USA (Herman, Putnam,
Ross) and the Netherlands (Olthuis, van der Hart) Luise
Reddemann (Bielefeld) and Ulrich Sachsse(Goettingen) developed
an inpatients’ program for female and some male patients with
symptoms, that result from type II traumata, fulfill the phenomenological
criteria of BPD and are understood as chron.
PTSD/DES. The program utilizes the coping strategies of the
patients for stabilisation: splitting (building up an only good world
of safety, support and shelter against the only bad, demonized
world of trauma); derealisation, dissociation(imagery); depersonalisation
(Qi Gong, Feldenkrais). We tell and teach our patients: Be
Borderlines- but inside, not in your outer social life or your therapeutic
relationship! Trauma-synthesis is done after stabilisation by
trauma-exposition every two weeks (EMDR, screen-technique).
The patients stay for 3-5 month, sometimes twice, with very good
results.
Keywords: BPD Borderline Personality Disorder DES Females Inpatient Treatment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Self-Mutiliation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
56. de Jongh, A. (1998, November). Behandeling van traumagerelateerde fobieën [Treatment of trauma-related phobias]. Presentatie bij de zondeval Conferentie Vereniging van Gedragswetenschappen, Veldhoven, Nederland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Phobias Trauma Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
57. de Jongh, A. (1999, November). Behandeling van traumagerelateerde specifieke fobieën [Treatment of trauma-related specific phobias]. Presentatie bij de zondeval Conferentie Vereniging van Gedragswetenschappen, Veldhoven, Nederland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Specific Phobias Trauma Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
58. Chen, L. (2008, June). Bereavement, EMDR & structural dissociation of the personality theory. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The Poster Presentation will address the therapeutic issues of a complex bereavement case with traumatized
history in a bicultural society. EMDR as an integrative psychotherapeutic approach and theory like the
“Structural Dissociation of the Personality” as proposed by Nijenhuis, Van der Hart, & Steele complements each
other in working with complex bereavement. The Presentation outlines the conceptualization of the case based
on this theory, the working process and milestones. As the individual grieves, various levels of structural
dissociation are observed. Symptoms are understood in light of the “Apparently Normal and the Emotional Parts
of the Personality”. The working procedures within the EMDR framework involve processing materials from
different levels of structural dissociation. A reduction of trauma-related symptoms (i.e. depression, phobia,
anxiety) over the course of EMDR treatment was observed. Finally, treatment issues as related to attachment,
traumatic memory, and daily functioning are discussed in the context of a bicultural urban city. [Note: Poster and Word Versions]
Keywords: Dissociation Personality Theory Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
59. Aurora, R. N., Zak, R. S., Auerbach, S. H., Casey, K. R., Chowdhuri, S., Karippot, A., Maganti, R. K., Ramar, K., Kristo, D. A., Bista, S. R., Lamm, C. I., & Morgenthaler, T. I. (2010, August). Best practice guide for the treatment of nightmare disorder in adults. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 6(4), 389-401.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Prazosin is recommended for treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)-associated nightmares. Level A. Image Rehearsal Therapy (IRT) is recommended for treatment of nightmare disorder. Level A. Systematic Desensitization and Progressive Deep Muscle Relaxation training are suggested for treatment of idiopathic nightmares. Level B. Venlafaxine is not suggested for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level B. Clonidine may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares. Level C. The following medications may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares, but the data are low grade and sparse: trazodone, atypical antipsychotic medications, topiramate, low dose cortisol, fluvoxamine, triazolam and nitrazepam, phenelzine, gabapentin, cyproheptadine, and tricyclic antidepressants. Nefazodone is not recommended as first line therapy for nightmare disorder because of the increased risk of hepatotoxicity. Level C. The following behavioral therapies may be considered for treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares based on low-grade evidence: Exposure, Relaxation, and Rescripting Therapy (ERRT); Sleep Dynamic Therapy; Hypnosis; Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR); and the Testimony Method. Level C. The following behavioral therapies may be considered for treatment of nightmare disorder based on low-grade evidence: Lucid Dreaming Therapy and Self-Exposure Therapy. Level C No recommendation is made regarding clonazepam and individual psychotherapy because of sparse data.
Keywords: Nightmares Posttruamatic Stress Disorder PSTD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
60. Kuiken, D., Chudleigh, M., & Racher, D. (2010, December). Bilateral eye movements, attentional flexibility and metaphor comprehension: The substrate of REM dreaming?. Dreaming, 20(4), 227-247. doi:10.1037/a0020841.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Explanations for the effects of the rapid eye movements induced during Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 2001) have drawn upon an analogy with the eye movements of REM sleep (Kuiken, Bears, Miall, and Smith, 2002). An extension of that analogy posits two orienting systems, one involving threat-fear related mnemonic contextualization and another involving loss-pain related monitoring of conflicting response alternatives. In a study involving individuals who had recently experienced significant loss or trauma, we found that experimentally induced saccadic eye movements decreased reaction times to unexpected stimuli among those reporting traumatic distress (characterized by hyperarousal and intrusive thoughts) and increased reaction times among those reporting separation distress (characterized by vivid reminiscences and the sense of a foreshortened future). Also, we found that saccadic eye movements increased the perceived strikingness of metaphoric sentence endings among those reporting amnesia for events related to either loss or trauma. The eye movements of both EMDR and REM sleep may differently affect the attentional and cognitive reorienting activity of those living with the consequences of loss or trauma. These differences may be evident in their waking reflections and in their dreams.
Keywords: Attention Bereavement Dreams Eye Movements Metaphors REM Sleep Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
61. van der Kolk, B. A., Hopper, J., & Spinazzola, J. (2004, November). Biological changes in arousal and cortisol following PTSD treatment. Symposium conducted (M. Olff, Chair) at the 20th annual meeting of the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Effects of treatment of PTSD on psychobiological measures: It is well known that PTSD is associated with changes in several biological
systems. However little research has been done on whether it is possible to
“reset” these biological systems with effective psychotherapy of pharmacological
therapy. This symposium will present data on neuroendocrine and
neuroimaging outcome measures.
Biological changes in arousal and cortisol following PTSD treatment: This presentation will discuss the results of a controlled treatment outcome
study comparing EMDR, fluoxetine and pill placebo and demonstrate how
effective treatment resulted in changes in memory processes, utilizing the
Traumatic Memory Inventrory. In the EMDR condition, but not fluoxetine,
the change in traumatic memory towards an integrated narrative was linearly
correlated with physiological arousal in response to script driven
imagery. This presentation will also present the relationship between clinical
improvement in the three conditions and change in the cortisol
response to a dexamethasone challenge.
Keywords: Fluoxetine Pill Placebo Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
62. Korman, S. (2007, June). Body-based interventions for self-reguation and resourcing in the treatment of complex trauma. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In the clinical treatment of complex trauma, it is important to evaluate a patient’s readiness for trauma processing. This includes recognizing a clinical presentation of complex trauma and an understanding of it etiology. Additionally, it is imperative to understand the effects of trauma on the body system. Pre-mature trauma processing can serve to symptomatically worsen a pervasive pattern of systemic dysregulation. Prior to successful trauma processing, a patient must be able to maintain dual attention, regulate their affect, and tolerate the experience of affective state change. Body-based resourcing and regulatory skills can be utilized by the clinician to increase a patient’s ability to tolerate and more fully integrate pre-frontal lobe cognitive activity with the emotional and sensory experiences resultant of trauma. Strategies from many modalities, such as Dialectic Behavior Therapy, Mindfulness Practices and EMDR Resourcing can be taught to and practiced by the client in preparation for successful regulated integration of traumatic memory.
Keywords: Complex PSTD Creativity Mind/Body Resourcing Self Regulation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
63. Pagani, M., Salmaso, D., Looi, J., & Hogberg, G. (2008, June). Brain functional and volumetric analyses post traumatic stress disorder treated by EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Neuro-imaging investigations in PTSD have reported findings for either functional or structural modifications.
Only two studies have investigated the changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) following EMDR therapy and one
single-patient study recently reported EMDR-related structural changes. The aim of this study was to analyse the
structural and functional changes occurring in brain regions implicated in the patho-physiology of PTSD along
with the impact on CBF and volumetric data after EMDR treatment. Thirty six train drivers having being exposed
to traumatic experiences at work were assigned to different two groups: symptomatic (S, n=17) or nonsymptomatic
(NS, n=19), according to PTSD diagnosis. SPECT, following administration of an individualised
35
trauma script, and MRI were performed and EMDR therapy was administered to S. According to EMDR outcome S
were further subdivided in responders (R, n=11) and non-responders (NS, n=5). One patient was not treated. CBF
and volumetric analyses were performed on temporal lobes, hippocampi and nuclei caudati. ANOVA showed a
significantly higher CBF distribution in the left temporal lobe of S as compared to NS and the right nc.caudatus
was significantly larger in S. The R group had larger hippocampi and nc.caudati as compared to NR and the size of
hippocampi correctly identified 81% of R and NR. The increased left temporal lobe CBF distribution among
symptomatic PTSD subjects may reflect the affective significance of higher effort in emotional episodic memory
stimulation among symptomatic individuals. Hippocampi volume as measured before EMDR was shown to
predict with high accuracy the therapy outcome.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
64. Miller, R. (2011, August). Breaking impulse-control disorders: A new theory and protocol for compulsions. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The Feeling-State Theory of Impulse-Control Disorders postulates that Impulse-Control Disorders such as pathological gambling, sexual addiction, and compulsive shopping are created when intense positive feelings become linked with specific behaviors. The effect of this linkage is that the person compulsively reenacts the behavior related to that original positive-feeling event. The therapy described in this presentation is the Impulse-Control Disorder Protocol (ICDP), which uses a modified form of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to address these fixations. Three case studies wiill be used to illustrate the theory and the application of ICDP.
Keywords: Feeling-State Theory Impulse-Control Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
65. Greenwald, R. (2007, June). Bridging the trauma scientist-clinician gap with a new journal format. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Scientists have long complained that practitioners do not read research, and thus remain ignorant of how science can inform practice. Clinicians, on the other hand, complain that most research had limited relevance to clinical practice: or even if relevant on occasion, is not very accessible. This poster introduces a hew journal, focused on child/adolescent trauma, loss, and related issues, that is explicitly designed to bridge this gap and facilitate effective communication of research findings to practitioners. The journal will alternate between general and guest-edited special topic issues. Regular features include brief reports of clinically relevant research, as well as “Clinicians Research Digest” style literature reviews and “Consumer Reports” style reviews of assessment instruments, books, web sites, and other resources for practitioners. The approach exemplified in this journal can server as one model for efforts to disseminate effective treatments and other research findings.
Keywords: Poster Scientist-Clinician Gap
Accuracy Verified: Yes
66. Nijdam, M. J., Gersons, B. P. R., Reitsma, J. B., de Jongh, A., & Olff, M. (2012, March). Brief eclectic psychotherapy v. eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(3), 224-231. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.099234.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background:
Trauma-focused cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) and eye
movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy (EMDR)
are efficacious treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD), but few studies have directly compared them using
well-powered designs and few have investigated response
patterns.
Aims:
To compare the efficacy and response pattern of a traumafocused
CBT modality, brief eclectic psychotherapy for PTSD,
with EMDR (trial registration: ISRCTN64872147).
Method:
Out-patients with PTSD were randomly assigned to brief
eclectic psychotherapy (n = 70) or EMDR (n = 70) and
assessed at all sessions on self-reported PTSD (Impact of
Event Scale – Revised). Other outcomes were clinician-rated
PTSD, anxiety and depression.
Results:
Both treatments were equally effective in reducing PTSD
symptom severity, but the response pattern indicated that
EMDR led to a significantly sharper decline in PTSD
symptoms than brief eclectic psychotherapy, with similar
drop-out rates (EMDR: n = 20 (29%), brief eclectic
psychotherapy: n = 25 (36%)). Other outcome measures
confirmed this pattern of results.
Conclusions:
Although both treatments are effective, EMDR results in a
faster recovery compared with the more gradual
improvement with brief eclectic psychotherapy.
Declaration of interest:
A.d.J. teaches and supervises clinical psychologists and
psychiatrists in psychological trauma and its treatment
by means of seminars, workshops and conferences, for
which the participants pay a fee. He is also director
and shareholder of a trauma treatment unit. For both
activities he has the formal permission of the executive
board of the University of Amsterdam to which he is
affiliated.
Keywords: BEP Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Randomized Controlled Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
67. Rossello-Mir, J., Revert-Vidal, X., Obrador, P., & Cardell, E. (2007, June). Brief EMDR protocol versus bilateral stimulation in the treatment of spider phobia. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR, that includes bilateral stimulation, causes the desensitization and reprocessing of traumatic memories, thus reducing anxiety, distress, fear, and other symptoms related with several anxiety disorders. Previous results show it is effective in reducing symptoms of PTSD, panic disorder, public speaking anxiety, etc. Relying on some previous results we think that a brief EMDR protocol could be applied to relieve symptoms of specific phobias.
To investigate this issue, we study the efficacy of a new brief EMDR protocol in the treatment of spider phobia. Furthermore, our design tries to clarify the controversy about which components of the EMDR procedure are relevant for patient’s improvement. More specifically, we compare the effectiveness of our brief procedures with that of simple bilateral stimulation that is, without eye movements, which necessity to obtain therapeutic outcome has been questioned.
We randomly assign twenty volunteers, female university students with spider phobia to one of three groups. We applied the brief EMDR protocol to the first one and bilateral stimulation to the second one, being the third group the control one. To assess the effectiveness of both treatments, in addition to apply traditional questionnaires, we designed a specific emotional Stroop task in order to make use of this tool to evaluate, before and after each treatment, the selective attentional biases, that seem to play an important role in the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. We discuss the differences found in our results in reference to the controversy aforementioned and how they can help to understand the EMDR mechanism of action.
Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS Brief EMDR Spider Phobia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
68. Chemtob, C., Nakashima, J., & Carlson, J. (2002, January). Brief treatment for elementary school children with disaster-related posttraumatic stress disorder: A field study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 99-112. doi:10.1002/jclp.1131.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Effective psychological intervention is needed to help children recover from disaster-related PTSD. This controlled study evaluated the effectiveness of a brief intervention for disaster-related PTSD. At one-year follow-up of a prior intervention for disaster-related symptoms, some previously treated children were still suffering significant trauma symptoms. Using a randomized lagged-groups design, we provided three sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment to 32 of these children who met clinical criteria for PTSD. The Children's Reaction Inventory (CRI) was the primary measure of the treatment's effect on PTSD symptoms. Associated symptoms were measured using the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Treatment resulted in substantial reductions in both groups' CRI scores and in significant, though more modest, reductions in RCMAS and CDI scores. Gains were maintained at six-month follow-up. Health visits to the school nurse were significantly reduced following treatment. Psychosocial intervention appears useful for children suffering disaster-related PTSD. Conducting controlled studies of children's treatment in the postdisaster environment appears feasible. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Americans Brief Psychotherapy Child Treatment Disasters Elementary School Students Empirical Study Follow-up Study Health Care Utilization Hurricanes Hurricane Iniki Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT School Age Children Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Victim Service
Accuracy Verified: Yes
69. Kip, K. E., Sullivan, K. L., Lengacher, C. A., Rosenzweig, L., Hernandez, D. F., Kadel, R., Kozel, F. A., Shuman, A., Girling, S. A., Hardwick, M. J., & Diamond, D. M. (2013). Brief treatment of co-occurring post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms by use of accelerated resolution therapy. Front Psychiatry, 4(11). doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00011.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This uncontrolled prospective cohort study evaluated the use of accelerated resolution therapy (ART) for treatment of comorbid symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder. Twenty-eight adult subjects, mean age of 41years (79% female, 36% Hispanic), received a mean of 3.7±1.1 ART treatment sessions (range 1–5). ART is a new exposure-based psychotherapy that makes use of eye movements. Subjects completed a range of self-report psychological measures before and after treatment with ART including the 17-item PCL-C checklist (symptoms of PTSD) and 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). For the PCL-C, the pre-ART mean (±standard deviation) was 62.5 (8.8) with mean reductions of −29.6 (12.5), −30.1 (13.1), and −31.4 (14.04) at post-ART, 2-month, and 4-month follow-up, respectively (p<0.0001 for comparisons to pre-ART score). Compared to pre-ART status, this corresponded to standardized effect sizes of 2.37, 2.30, and 3.01, respectively. For the CES-D, the pre-ART mean was 35.1 (8.8) with mean reductions of −20.6 (11.0), −18.1 (11.5), and −15.6 (14.4) at post-ART, 2-month, and 4-month follow-up, respectively (p≤0.0001 compared to Pre-ART score). This corresponded to standardized effect sizes of 1.88, 1.58, and 1.09, respectively. Strong correlations were observed at 2-month and 4-month follow-up for post-treatment changes in PTSD and depression symptom scores (r=0.79, r=0.76, respectively, p≤0.0002). No serious treatment-related adverse effects were reported. In summary, ART appears to be a promising brief, safe, and effective treatment for adults with clinically significant comorbid symptoms of PTSD and depression. Future controlled and mechanistic studies with this emerging therapy are warranted, particularly given its short treatment duration, and in light of current heightened emphasis on health care cost constraints.
Keywords: Accelerated Resolution Therapy ART Brief Treatment Depression Exposure Therapy Eye Movements Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychological Trauma PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
70. Bočl, J. (2000, September). The butterfly hug plus drawings: Clinical and self-care applications. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will be able to: 1) identify several vicarious traumatization and negative countertransference issues which commonly arise when working as a therapist with trauma victims; 2) demonstrate the use of countralateral self-stimulation and drawings based on a standard EMDR protocol applied to stressful work-related issues; and 3) describe the use of contralateral self-stimulation and drawings based on a standard EMDR protocol may be modified with individuals or groups of adults or older children.
Keywords: Butterfly Hug Drawings Groups Contralateral Self-Stimulation Work-Related Stress
Accuracy Verified: Yes
71. Grant, M. (1997). Calm and condident overcome stress and anxiety with EMDR. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.
Language: English
Format: Audio
Abstract:
Discusses the treatment of stress and anxiety with EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing).
Keywords: Anxiety Treatment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychic Trauma Treatment PTSD PSTD Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
72. Williams, M. E. (2010, July 23). Can anything cure the trauma of my mugging?. Salon. Retrieved from http://www.salon.com/life/life_stories/?story=/mwt/feature/2010/07/23/emdr_after_a_mugging 7/23/2010.
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
I knew about Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy from one of my best friends, Lily Burana. I had watched it do wonders for her and her combat-veteran husband, and I'd read her enthusiastic account of the experience in her memoir "I Love a Man in Uniform." As she explains, "In the course of a year, I got married, my husband went to war, we moved to a new post and my father died. To say everything hit the fan was an understatement. I'd been sitting in the therapist's chair for a year and not getting better; I was just getting better at telling my story. With EMDR, it started to work right away."
Accuracy Verified: Yes
73. Schein, M. (2008, August). Can combat operational stress be cured?. Presentation at the Combat Operational Stress Control Conference, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
No abstract available.
Keywords: Combat
Accuracy Verified: Yes
74. Feske, U., & Goldstein, A. J. (1998). Can EMDR be used to treat panic disorder?. Clinician's Research Digest, 16(5), 3.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract: 43 outpatients with DSM-III-R panic disorder were randomly assigned to receive 6 sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), the same treatment but omitting the eye movement, or to a waiting list. Posttest comparisons showed EMDR to be more effective in alleviating panic and panic-related symptoms than the waiting-list procedure. Compared with the same treatment without the eye movement, EMDR led to greater improvement on 2 of 5 primary outcome measures at posttest. However, EMDR's advantages had dissipated 3 months after treatment, thereby failing to firmly support the usefulness of the eye movement component in EMDR treatment for panic disorder. [Author Abstract].
Examined whether eye movement desensitization and reprocessing can be used to treat panic disorder. This research appeared in Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 1026-1035.
Keywords: Panic Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
75. Dellucci, H. (2007, June). Can EMDR treat transgenerational transmitted trauma?. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In certain cases, we can be confronted to a need for retreatment of targets that the person in front of us cannot have experienced by herself: second war events, being in a prison or concentration camp…
But the person in therapy show real disorders, including dissociation which seems related to those targets.
How could be treat such transgenerational trauma with EMDR? With which results? Which hypotheses could we formulate out of this work? Which are the implications on the persons’ family environment?
Out of three clinical cases, I propose to share my experience and think together on transgenerational trauma transmission and its treatment, by using the concept of mirror neurons.
Keywords: Family Mirror Neurons Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
76. Goldman, J., & Coane, J. (2010, October). A case of strategic collaboration: Two therapists and one DDNOS patient in end phase treatment. Presenttion at the 27th Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
A colleague, experienced in DID treatment, was
invited to collaborate by the primary therapist in the
end phase of treatment to facilitate patient movement
through the introduction of EMDR. The nature of the
collaborative relationship, its influence on transference
and countertransference, the contribution of the
different genders of the two therapists, as well as
issues of launching the patient more fully into adult
life as influenced by the collaboration will be explored. The rationale for introducing EMDR as well as its specific contribution will be explicated. The argument for therapeutic collaboration, as related to the patients
history and treatment process, will also be addressed.
Participants will be able to :
♦♦ List the indications for initiating adjunctive treatment.
♦♦ assess the effects of collaboration.
♦♦ appraise the treatment trajectory to decide
when to bring in another modality.
Keywords: DDNOS
Accuracy Verified: Yes
77. Bae, H., Kim, D., & Ahn, J. (2006, September). A case series of post-traumatic obsessive compulsive disorder: A six month follow-up evaluation. Journal of the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 45(5), 476-480.
Language: Korean
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A number of recent case reports and series indicate that obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) can develop after traumatic experience as a comorbid conditon to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These descriptive studies consistently addressed that those patients respond poorly to treatments and had an unfavorable outcome. However, this conclusion was not supported by prospective follow up with objective measurement of symptomatology. This report presents three single trauma-related PTSD patients who developed full-blown OCD concurrently with or after the initiation of PTSD. These patients represent 10% of new PTSD outpatients at a PTSD clinic during one year period and 25% of PTSD patients who had been admitted. In all three cases compulsion seemed to distract or serve as avoidance to intrusive symptoms of PTSD. Despite Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and/or exposure therapy for PTSD together with at least two antidepressant trials for PTSD and OCD, at six month follow-up PTSD partially improved and OCD remained unchanged. This finding is consistent with previous reports from western literature (KoreaMed).
Keywords: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder OCD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
78. Lipke, H., & Botkin, A. (1992, Winter). Case studies of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 29(4), 591-595. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.29.4.591.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Five hospitalized Vietnam combat veterans with chronic PTSD were treated with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), a new psychotherapeutic procedure. Changes in previously refractory symptoms of intrusiveness and arousal were noted for some subjects. The variability of effects was examined in terms of subject variables and therapist training with the procedure. REM sleep findings and studies of cognitive concomitant of waking eye movement were considered in efforts to understand EMDR effects. The overall results suggest that: (1) EMDR can be a powerful clinical tool in the treatment of PTSD, and (2) further research is strongly recommended. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults African Americans Empirical Study European Americans Males Middle Aged Psychiatric Inpatients PTSD Veterans Vietnam War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
79. Verster, M (2009). Casus 22 – Vage kinderherinnering als sleutel naar herstel: Vaginismeklachten bij een jonge vrouw [Case 22 – A vague childhood memory as the key to recovery: Vaginismus symptoms in a young woman]. In H. K. Hornsveld & S. Berendsen (Eds.), Casusboek EMDR, 25 voorbeelden uit de praktijk (1st Ed.), (pp. 305-311). Houten: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum. doi:10.1007/978-90-313-7358-1_32.
Language: Dutch
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Eva wordt naar mij verwezen nadat verschillende behandelingen in verband met vaginisme geen resultaat hadden. Eva is 24 jaar en heeft zolang zij zich kan heugen problemen met vrijen. Vanaf haar eerste seksuele ervaring toen zij 16 jaar was heeft zij last van pijn bij het vrijen en lukt het haar niet om geslachtsgemeenschap te hebben. Eva heeft sinds viereneenhalf jaar een vaste relatie en woont sinds een jaar samen. Eva is tevreden over haar relatie, al is seksualiteit sluimerend altijd een beladen onderwerp tussen hen beiden gebleven.
Eve is referred to me after several treatments related to vaginismus had not produced. Eva is 24 years and as long as they can remember problems with sex. From her first sexual experience when she was 16 she in pain during sex and she managed not to have sexual intercourse. Eva has been four and a half years a steady relationship and has lived together one year. Eva is happy about her relationship, though dormant sexuality is always a charged issue between them remained.
Keywords: Vaginismus Women
Accuracy Verified: Yes
80. Kok, W. (2009). Casus 23 – Op leeftijd: Een 70+-dame met gestagneerde rouw en een beroerte in de voorgeschiedenis [Case 23 - Elderly: A 70 + lady with complicated mourning and a stroke in her medical history], (pp 313-318. In H. K. Hornsveld & S. Berendsen (Eds.), Casusboek EMDR, 25 voorbeelden uit de praktijk (1st Ed.), (pp. 313-318). Houten: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum. doi:10.1007/978-90-313-7358-1_33 .
Language: Dutch
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Mevrouw Akersloot is een vrouw van in de zeventig. Zij werd verwezen door haar neuroloog, in verband met slaapproblemen en irrationele angsten. De klachten hielden verband met traumatische gebeurtenissen. In 2004 was zij opgenomen op de afdeling Neurologie in verband met een CVA (cerebrovasculair accident; een beroerte). Zij herstelde daar goed van en er bleken geen tekenen van een beginnende dementie aanwezig te zijn. Ook de fysiotherapeutische behandeling die zij kreeg in verband met instabiliteit bij het staan en lopen, had goed geholpen.
Ms. Akersloot is a woman in her seventies. She was referred by her neurologist, because of sleeplessness and irrational fears. The complaints were related to traumatic events. In 2004 she was included in the Department of Neurology associated with a stroke (cerebrovascular accident, a stroke). She recovered well and there were no signs of an incipient dementia present. The physiotherapy treatment they received in connection with instability when standing and walking, had good help.
Keywords: Grief Complicated Mourning Old Age Elderly Stroke
Accuracy Verified: Yes
81. Greenwald, R. (2001, December). Celia’s capsule and Robin’s two hands. EMDRIA Newsletter, 6(Special Edition), 18-20.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
This past year, I've learned of two EMDR-related interventions which I've wanted to try and work into my repertoire. I have been aware of Robin Shapiro's "Two Hand Interweave" technique (Shapiro, 2000, in this issue) for some times, and have had good luck with in on several occasions. Basically this entails holding one side of a conflict in each hand and concentrating on that while doing eye movements. This seems to engage the body and mind in a unique manner, which is within the reach of clinicians who may not feel comfortable with more dramatic movement therapy formats. More recently I learned of Celia Naccarato's "Capsule" intervention (Naccarato, 2000, in this issue), a cross between an interweave and guided visualization. The indication for this intervention is physical pain, which arises during EMDR and then does not resolve. It entails putting herself in a capsule, swallowing the capsule, and then inside the capsule going to the site of the pain. Once there, she is asked to describe what she sees, and then what she wants to do about it. Then she does it. The intervention ends when the client has come back out and returned to normal size.
Keywords: Capsule Two-Hand Interweave
Accuracy Verified: Yes
82. McLaughlin, D. F., McGowan, I. W., Paterson, M. C., & Miller, P. W. (2008, September). Cessation of deliberate self harm following eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing: A case report. Cases Journal, 1, 177-180. doi:10.1186/1757-1626-1-177.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
We present a case report of an eighteen year old female patient presenting with a psychological trauma related complaint. Part of the manifestation of the complaint included acts of self cutting over a number of years. Following two sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing with one of the authors (DM) her self cutting ceased. This is maintained at thirteen months follow up. We conclude that Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing may be an effective treatment option in reducing repeat self harm where traumatic events are noted to be the precursor to deliberate self harm.[Author abstract]
Keywords: Self Harm
Accuracy Verified: Yes
83. McGowan, I., McLaughlin, D., Miller, P., & Paterson, M. (2010, April). Cessation of suicide related behaviour following EMDR. Presentation at the 2nd Bi-Annual International European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Deliberate self harm (DSH) and suicidal behaviour are major public health issues. It is estimated that DSH costs around Ł40 million pounds annually in addition to the incalculable human cost. The aim of the presentation is to highlight on- going work exploring the relationship between trauma and suicide related thoughts and behaviour. Utilising a case series approach the presentation will build upon previous work by the presenters. It report a number of cases in which suicidal behaviour and thoughts have ceased following treatment of a trauma related presentation using Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing. The paper will conclude that suicidal behaviour is related to previous trauma and that by resolving the initial trauma the potential for suicidal behaviour including DSH is greatly diminished or disappears.
Learning Outcomes By the end of the session participants will be able to:
• discuss the relationship between trauma and suicidal behaviour,
• discuss the potential of using trauma focused interventions in treating suicidal behaviour
Keywords: Suicide
Accuracy Verified: Yes
84. Wesselmann, D., & Potter, A. E. (2009). Change in adult attachment status following treatment with EMDR: Three case dtudies. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(3),178-191. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.3.178.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Three case studies illustrate pre- and post-eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) adult attachment status as measured by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Two adult males and one adult female presented for outpatient therapy; all of them were categorized with an insecure or disorganized attachment status at pretreatment. All presented with symptoms of depression and anxiety and complaints regarding problems in their current marital and family relationships. The three patients received 10 to 15 EMDR sessions over the course of approximately 1 year, interspersed with talk therapy sessions for the purpose of debriefing and psychoeducation. The EMDR approach utilized all eight phases of treatment within the three-pronged approach. Following EMDR therapy, all three patients made positive changes in attachment status as measured by the AAI, and all three reported positive changes in emotions and relationships. This article provides an overview of the literature related to adult attachment categories and summarizes the effect of adult attachment status on emotional and social functioning. The rationale and scoring procedures for the AAI are explained.
Keywords: Adult Attachment Interview Attachment Outcome Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
85. Wesselman, D. (2009, June). Changes in attachment status in an adult survivor of abuse and neglect after six months of EMDR treatment. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Ms. Wessleman presented a preview of a single case report she has in press in the Journal of EMDR
showing significant changes in attachment status in an adult survivor of
abuse and neglect after six months of EMDR treatment as measured by the
Adult Attachment Interview. She also described research she now has nearly
completed on treat of adult survivors who had completed 1 year of DBT group
treatment and then were randomly assigned to either individual DBT or to
EMDR treatment. She noted the high drop out rate from the group DBT
treatment and indicated that the EMDR treatment group was unique in showing
changed in PTSD related symptoms.
Keywords: Adult Attachment Interview Attachment DBT Dialectical Behavior Therapy Dropout Rates
Accuracy Verified: No
86. Inoue, N., Nawa, J., Katoh, T., & Shirakawa, M. (2010, July). Changes in personality functioning over the course of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing trauma therapy: Findings on the early changes. Poster presented at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objective: Although eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is said not only to reduce trauma-related
symptoms but also to enhance ability to function in life, its effectiveness in other than reducing trauma-related symptoms
has yet to be verified. The objective of this study was to explore the broad range of effectiveness of EMDR, especially changes
in the personality functioning during the early phase of treatment. Methods: Using the non-randomized design, we assessed
and compared the treatment changes in subjects treated with EMDR and subjects who participated in the psycho-education
course of trauma. Eligible subjects were adult women who experienced human-caused trauma such as domestic violence,
rape, or childhood abuse. The Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS) was used as the first outcome measure to evaluate
personality functioning, and self-report questionnaires and a clinical interview for trauma-related symptoms were used as
the secondary outcome measures. Subjects of both groups were assessed at the time of enrollment in the study and 4 months
after the enrollment. We completed the evaluation of 5 and 6 subjects in the EMDR and the control group, respectively.
Results: The CS index for self-esteem and self-concern was improved in the EMDR sample compared with the controls.
Women treated with EMDR showed increased openness to internal and external stimuli (assessed by CS F%), whereas some
women in the control group even developed a tendency to avoid internal and external stimuli after 4 months. Conclusion:
The differences of early changes in personality functioning between the EMDR group and the controls will be discussed in
detail.
Keywords: Changes in Personality Functioning Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
87. Frustaci, A., Lanza, G. A., Fernandez, F., di Giannantonio, M., & Pozzi, G. (2010). Changes in psychological symptoms and heart rate variability during EMDR treatment: A case series of subthreshold PTSD. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(1), 3-11. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.4.1.3 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Elevated psychophysiological parameters and heightened physiological reactivity to trauma-related cues
are acquired changes following trauma exposure. Measuring improvement in these variables is an appropriate
evaluation of outcome in treatment studies. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a computerized measure
of physiological responsivity derived from Holter ECG recording. Four female outpatients with persistent
post-traumatic symptoms and personal impairment following “small t” trauma exposure underwent a
course of EMDR treatment and were assessed at baseline, end of treatment, day 30 and day 90 of followup,
using self-report symptom scales and 90-min Holter ECG recordings. Symptom scores decreased
between baseline and end of treatment, with improvement maintained at follow-up. Several HRV measures
changed favorably in different recording intervals. HRV is a feasible and sensitive method to measure
physiological changes in the treatment of individuals distressed by “small t” trauma. Further investigation
is advisable to expand these preliminary data.
Keywords: Case Series Heart Rate Variability HRV IES Small T Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
88. Oh, D., & Choi, J. (2004). Changes in the regional cerebral perfusion after EMDR: A SPECT study of two cases. Journal of the Korean Society of Biological Psychiatry, 11(2), 173-180.
Language: Korean
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Over the last decade, EMDR(Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) has emerged as a promising new treatment for trauma and other anxiety-based disorders. However, neurobiological mechanism of EMDR has not been well understood. Authors report SPECT findings of two patients of PTSD before and after EMDR.Brain 99mTc-ECD-SPECT was performed before and after EMDR treatment. To evaluate the significance of changes in the regional cerebral perfusion, t-test was conducted on the resulting images using SPM99 . In addition, clinical scales(CAPS, CGI, STAI) were employed to asses the changes in the clinical symptoms of the patients. After EMDR treatment, each showed significant improvement in clinical symptoms. The cerebral perfusion increased in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and decreased in the temporal association cortex. The differences in the cerebral perfusion between patients after treatment and normal controls decreased. These changes appeared mainly in the limbic area the and the prefrontal cortex.These results suggest that EMDR may show the therapeutic effect through 1) improvement in the emotional control by increased activity in the prefrontal cortex, 2) inhibited hyperstimuli on amygdala by deactivation of the association cortex, 3) inhibition on past trauma related memory, and 4) keeping the functional balance between the limbic area and the prefrontal cortex. This case report needs further replication from studies with larger sample. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Brain Imagining Adults Females Koreans Motor Vehicle Accidents Neurophysiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychiatric Inpatients PTSD: Rape SPECT Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
89. Monahan, K., & Forgash, C. (2012, March). Childhood sexual abuse and adult physical and dental health outcomes. In E. A. Kalfoğlu & R. Faikoglu (Eds.), Sexual Abuse - Breaking the Silence (pp. 137-152). Intechopen.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Along the same lines, evidence-based assessment and interventions must be in line with the
finding of how significant the subjective impressions of sexual assault are for incarcerated
older adults in treatment. A promising intervention that is being piloted in the criminal
justice system with younger age groups is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
(EMDR). EMDR specifically targets change in subjective units of distress among trauma
survivors, particularly sexual abuse survivors, which in turn reduces post traumatic stress
symptoms (Kitchiner, 2000). Moreover, previous research with incarcerated juvenile
offenders shows that EMDR can work in reducing post traumatic stress reactivity resulting
in less violent behavior and conduct problems among samples. Its utility for older adults,
especially those with histories of sexual assault victimization and perpetration is perhaps a
promising intervention. The use of evidence-based practices suggests that untreated trauma
and grief are related to increased adult recidivism rates (Leach et al., 2008). Therefore,
treating psychological distress and untreated symptoms effectively, which involves both
screening and treatment that captures subjective experiences, may help to break the cycle of
recidivism and in some case sexual offending. [Excerpt]
Keywords: Dental Health Physical Health
Accuracy Verified: Yes
90. Beer, R., & de Roos, C. (2005, October). Children and adolescents: EMDR for children and adolescents, applications on acute and chronic trauma. Presentation at the 1st European Society for Trauma and Dissociation Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
After a theoretical introduction to EMDR, this workshop will focus on several applications on acute and chronic trauma. Due to the complexity
of problems related to chronic traumatisation, attention will also be focussed on how to embed EMDR in an overall treatment plan. Case
material and video fragments will illustrate this workshop.
Keywords: Acute Trauma Adolescents Children Chronic Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
91. Korn, D. (2001, June). Clinical applications of EMDR in treating adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will focus on integrating EMDR into a phase-oriented recovery plan in treating adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. EMDR applications with the full range of trauma-related syndromes, including simple and complex PTSD, Borderline Personality Disorder and Dissociative Disorders, will be addressed. Treatment planning and pacing will be discussed in view of presenting problem, attachment style, defenses, and self-capacities. In recognition of clients' rigid, maladaptive schemas, poor impulse control, dissociative tendencies and limited affect tolerance, strategies for modifying and supplementing standard EMDR protocols will be explored, Significant attention will be devoted to integratring EMDR ego strengthening and resource development protocols into all phases of treatment.
Keywords: Borderline Personality Disorder Child Abuse Dissociative Disorders Ego Strengthening Neglect Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Resource Development
Accuracy Verified: Yes
92. Maxfield, L. (2003). Clinical implications and recommendations arising from EMDR research findings. Journal of Trauma Practice, 2(1), 61-81. doi:10.1300/J189v02n01_04.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a treatment approach found to be efficacious for trauma-related disorders. This article provides an overview of the EMDR treatment process and briefly describes treatment components. It reviews the current research investigating EMDR treatment of PTSD and research investigating the role of eye movements. The practical clinical implications arising from the findings are discussed. These include factors related to treatment provision, such as treatment fidelity, length of treatment, homework, and the use of eye movements. Also highlighted are client-related factors such as population, type of trauma, multiple traumas, symptom severity, comorbid disorders, and complex PTSD. Where possible, recommendations are made for clinical practice and comparisons are made with other types of treatments. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Clinical Implications Compelx Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Research Stressors Survivors Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
93. Parsonnet, L. (2003). Clinical interventions in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. The Research Connection, 2, 3-4.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Keywords: Clinical Interventions Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
94. Landin-Romero, R., Novo, P., Santed, A., Vicens, V., McKenna, P. J., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Salgado-Pineda, P., Shapiro, F., & Amann, B. (2012, June). Clinical remission and functional modulation of the default mode network in a subsyndromal, traumatized bipolar patient after EMDR psychotherapy. Poster presented at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe, Madrid, Spain .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Purpose of the study: Some patients with bipolar disorder do not show complete remission between episodes, but continue to exhibit subsyndromal mood symptoms [1]. One factor related may be comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which has been found to be present in 16% to 39% of patients with bipolar disorder [2]. We describe the first case of an unstable bipolar II patient with history of various traumas that received Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) psychotherapy and also underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and after the EMDR treatment to explore its effect on the brain’s neural networks.
Keywords: Bipolar Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
95. Schurmans, K. (2007). A clinical vignette: EMDR treatment of choking phobia. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1(2), 118-121. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.1.2.118.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A vignette is a brief case report that makes a contribution to the literature, but which has used only EMDR's standard protocol measures. This vignette describes the treatment of a woman who developed a severe choking phobia following an allergic reaction to a herbal beverage. She was hospitalized on several occasions because of her resultant inability to consume food and liquids. She received four years of various types of treatment for this phobia, including eating disorder treatment, brief psychodynamic therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and psychopharmacological treatment. None were successful in eliminating the disorder. Then when Mary received a course of EMDR treatment, addressing childhood etiological events, there was complete remission of the choking phobia and elimination of all related behaviors. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Anaphylactic Shock Case Report CBT Child Abuse Choking Phobia Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy Eating Disorders Females Phobia Spouse Abuse Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
96. Sharpless, B. A., & Barber, J. P. (2011). A clinician’s guide to PTSD treatments for returning veterans. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42(1), 8–15. doi:10.1037/a0022351.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
What options are available to mental health providers helping clients with posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD)? In this paper we review many of the current pharmacological and psychological interventions
available to help prevent and treat PTSD with an emphasis on combat-related traumas and veteran populations.
There is strong evidence supporting the use of several therapies including prolonged exposure (PE), eye
movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and cognitive processing therapies (CPT), with PE
possessing the most empirical evidence in favor of its efficacy. There have been relatively fewer studies of
nonexposure based modalities (e.g., psychodynamic, interpersonal, and dialectical behavior therapy perspectives),
but there is no evidence that these treatments are less effective. Pharmacotherapy is promising
(especially paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine), but more research comparing the relative merits of
medication vs. psychotherapy and the efficacy of combined treatments is needed. Given the recent influx of
combat-related traumas due to ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, there is clearly an urgent need to
conduct more randomized clinical trials research and effectiveness studies in military and Department of
Veterans Affairs PTSD samples. Finally, we provide references to a number of PTSD treatment manuals and
propose several recommendations to help guide clinicians’ treatment selections.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy Psychopharmacology PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
97. Lakey, J. (2007, February). Cognitive behavioral therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A comparative analysis for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. St. Gregory’s University.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is the primary mental health issue resulting in
tours of duty in combat operations. The soldiers returning home from these operations
often require treatment in dealing with many of their physical and emotional changes.
The therapist who treats these brave men and women needs to understand the treatment
methods available for the successful recovery of their clients. After identifying the terms
necessary to understand the principles and the historical and etiological background of
the disorder and the treatments available, this paper will illuminate several treatment
modalities and their success rates in the treatment of PTSD. Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing will be the primary focus
of comparison through out this work.
Keywords: Comparative Analysis Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
98. Makinson, R. A., & Young, J. S. (2012, April). Cognitive behavioral therapy and the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Where counseling and neuroscience meet. Journal of Counseling & Development, 90(2), 131-140. doi:10.1111/j.1556-6676.2012.00017.x .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
There is increasing evidence to support the biological basis of mental disorders. Subsequently, understanding the neurobiological context from which mental distress arises can help counselors appropriately apply cognitive behavioral therapy and other well-researched cognitive interventions. The purpose of this article is to describe the neurobiological context underlying the formation and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorders, a mental disorder frequently encountered by counselors, from a cognitive therapy framework.
Recent changes to the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (2009) accreditation standards include the need for counselors-in-training to understand the neurobiological basis of behavior, which marks a new direction for the training of professional counselors who have historically reacted ambivalently toward medical models for understanding client concerns and treatments. Yet recent findings in neuroscience actually support the verbally based interventions that counselors typically use in treatment; therefore, there is much to be gained by counselors and counselor educators in understanding the basics of human neurobiology and how commonly used counseling interventions intervene on these biological systems. The National Institute of Mental Health (2010) stated in a recent strategic plan that “Important discoveries in areas such as genetics, neuroscience, and behavioral science largely account for the substantial gains in knowledge that have helped us to understand the complexities of mental illnesses and behavioral disorders over the past 15 years” (“Introduction,” para. 4).
Given the increasingly biological focus of mental health research, the practicing counselor is faced with the task of understanding and using the emerging mental health treatments and explaining to clients, to reimbursing agencies, and to the broader public how counseling fits within the medically dominated mental health culture. Some counselors have long reacted ambivalently toward the pathologically oriented diagnostic categories of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV;American Psychiatric Association, 1994) system and the medication-dominated world of psychiatry. For example, the contrasting viewpoints on this issue were published in the Journal of Counseling & Development between Allen and Mary Ivey (1998, 1999) and Scott Hinkle (1999). Ivey and Ivey (1998) argued for a developmental interpretation to the DSM-IV, opposing what they called the “pathological view” (p. 334) of the manual. According to Ivey and Ivey, disorders could be viewed through a positive development tradition to lie not within the individual but within the contextual systems in which a person lives. Subsequently, disorders are viewed as a “logical response to a developmental history” (Ivey & Ivey, 1999, p. 484). By contrast, Hinkle (1999) argued that because anxiety and depressive disorders “are the most common clinical symptoms associated with presentation to counseling” (p. 475), the counseling profession is weakened if counselors shy away from direct participation in the DSM nomenclature and treatment parlance. As Hinkle indicated, “mental disorders according to the medical model describe disease processes, not people” (p. 475). Regardless of the reader's philosophical perspective, practicing counselors know participation in medical and psychiatric systems is necessary at times. Also, recent discoveries in the field of neuroscience are providing evidence that interventions often used by counselors have direct physiological impact on client neurobiology (Kennedy et al., 2007; Linden, 2006). For example, Felmingham et al. (2007) demonstrated significant differences in brain activity before and after 8 weeks of exposure therapy, which correlated with a reduction in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. Similarly, Paquette et al. (2003) found that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) alters the activation and metabolism of specific brain regions following successful treatment of spider phobia. These findings, along with others (for a detailed review, see Beauregard, 2007; Frewen, Dozois, & Lanius, 2008), are significant because they support the techniques, interventions, and approaches used by counselors and provide a mechanism by which counseling positively affects brain physiology. Within the emerging physiologically based treatment milieu, counselors should be prepared to articulate how cognitive counseling interventions make measurable changes to the client. Although cognitive-behavioral-based approaches are effective in the treatment of a number of psychiatric illnesses, adult PTSD is arguably one of the best understood mental disorders from a neurological perspective. It thus presents a valuable model for exploring not only the basic tenets of neurobiology but also the mechanisms behind its successful treatment. Furthermore, PTSD is a disorder that counselors will likely encounter in practice.
PTSD is a mental disorder characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms due to environmental exposure to a psychologically stressful event such as war, natural disaster, or sexual victimization. Thus, it provides a clear example of how, even in adulthood, neurological adaptation (in this case maladaptive changes) can functionally “rewire” the brain in a short period of time, resulting in a sustained array of clinical symptoms. The diagnostic criteria for PTSD are a history of exposure to a traumatic event meeting two criteria and symptoms from each of three symptom clusters: intrusive recollections, avoidant/numbing symptoms, and hyperarousal symptoms. A fifth criterion concerns duration of symptoms and a sixth assesses functioning (American Psychiatric Association, 2000).
The National Comorbidity Survey Replication, conducted between February 2001 and April 2003 (Kessler et al., 2005), determined that the estimated lifetime prevalence of PTSD among American adults is 6.8%, with women (9.7%) twice as likely as men (3.6%) to have the disorder at some point in their lives. These findings are very similar to those of the first National Comorbidity Survey conducted in the early 1990s (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, & Nelson, 1995), which was composed of interviews of a representative national sample of 8,098 Americans ages 15 to 54 years. In this earlier sample, the estimated prevalence of lifetime PTSD was 7.8% in the general population. As in the more recent survey, women (10.4%) were more than twice as likely as men (5%) to have PTSD at some point in their lives (Kessler et al., 2005; Kessler et al., 1995).
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Neurobiological Basis of Behavior Neurobiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
99. Harvey, A.G., Bryant, R. A., & Tarrier, N. (2003, May). Cognitive behaviour therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 23(3), 501-522. doi:10.1016/S0272-7358(03)00035-7 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Following considerable empirical scrutiny, cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has proven to be a
safe and effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This article overviews the
general principles of treatment and describes the components that comprise CBT for PTSD. We
then move on to review the efficacy of CBT for the treatment of PTSD caused by various traumas,
including assault, road traffic accident (RTA), combat, and terrorism. Recent advances in early
intervention and in the treatment of disorders that are comorbid with PTSD are reviewed. Finally,
future directions are discussed. In particular, it is proposed that randomised controlled trials (RCT)
of CBT for PTSD must be conducted with enhanced methodological rigour and public health
relevance.
D 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
100. Brewin, C. R. (2001, April). A cognitive neuroscience account of posttraumatic stress disorder and its treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39(4), 373-393. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(00)00087-5.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Recent research in the areas of animal conditioning, the neural systems underlying emotion and memory,
and the effect of fear on these systems is reviewed. This evidence points to an important distinction between
hippocampally-dependent and non-hippocampally-dependent forms of memory that are differentially affected
by extreme stress. The cognitive science perspective is related to a recent model of posttraumatic stress
disorder, dual representation theory, that also posits separate memory systems underlying vivid reexperiencing
versus ordinary autobiographical memories of trauma. This view is compared with other accounts in
the literature of traumatic memory processes in PTSD, and the contrasting implications for therapy are
discussed. 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
101. Rogers, S. (2006, September). Combat veterans. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Know the Why and How to Choose Your What: Some Essentials of EMDR Model and Methodology: Part 2 of 2
Accuracy Verified: Yes
102. Lipke, H. (1992, April). Combat-related PTSD. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Sunnyvale, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Combat Postraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
103. Jayatunge, R. M. (2008). Combating tsunami disaster through EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 140-145. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.140.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
After the 2004 tsunami devastation in Sri Lanka, many citizens experienced severe psychological reactions. The effectiveness of EMDR is illustrated in the treatment of 7 of these individuals: 3 children and 2 adults with PTSD symptoms and 2 adults with depressive symptoms. After 3-8 sessions of EMDR the symptoms were eradicated and these clients were free from their depressive feelings, anxieties, intrusions, and nightmares, were able to function normally, and were able to lead productive lives. These outcomes replicate those in the research literature demonstrating that EMDR is an efficacious treatment for PTSD in general, with specific utility for disaster-related PTSD. It is recommended that future controlled studies be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of EMDR in the immediate aftermath of disasters and to assess its effectiveness with major depressive disorder. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Children Disaster Recent Events South Asia Sri Lanka Tsunami
Accuracy Verified: Yes
104. Williams, K. (2006, August). A comparative experimental treatment outcome study: Female survivors of sexual assault suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and trauma-related guilt – self-report and psychophysiological measures. Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, CAN.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Diverse psychotherapeutic approaches for treating trauma-related sequelae have emerged over the last several decades in response to the widespread prevalence of sexual assault and resultant posttraumatic stress disorder among women (PTSD). In a recent formal study (Grace, 2003), a newer treatment called one eye integration (OEI) has been shown to be effective for traumatized individuals. The purpose of this study was to build upon those findings by comparing the effectiveness of two treatments for reducing PTSD symptoms with a breathing, relaxation, autogenics, imagery, and grounding (BRAIN) control condition. Twenty-seven female rape or sexual assault survivors who met the criteria for PTSD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Text-Revision, (DSM-IV-TR; APA, 2000) were randomly assigned to three groups: (a) a neurologically-based therapy called OEI, (b) an information processing model referred to as cognitive processing therapy-revised (CPT-R), or (c) a control condition (BRAIN), PTSD, depression, and trauma-related guilt symptoms were assessed pretreatment, posttreatment and at 3-month follow up, and qualitative electroencephalography (qEEG) brainwave patterns of two regions of the scalp (frontal and parietal) were measured pre and posttreatment. The following dependent measures were used: Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), and t he Trauma-Related Guilt Inventory (TRGI). Though there were no significant differences in PTSD symptoms between groups from pretreatment to post treatment assessments, a significant difference occurred between pretreatment and 3-month follow up, with OEI manifesting greater reductions than CPT-R or BRAIN. There were no significant differences between groups in depression, but there was a reduction in BDI-II scores over time. Reduction in guilt-related symptoms occurred on several scales and subscales for all three groups over time from pretreatment of posttreatment assessments, though not significantly by group. A significant difference was found for the Global Guilt subscale at 3-month follow up, with greater improvement for the OEI group. Preliminary results from cortical brain activity assessments indicate typical qEEG asymmetry patterns for PTSD and depression, though there were no significant group differences apart from minor post hoc analyses. Implications of these findings for clinical work and directions for future research were discussed.
Keywords: Depression Female Guilt Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Sexual Assault Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
105. Davidson, M. M., Potter, A. E., & Wesselmann, R. D. (2010, September/October). Comparing dialectical behavior therapy to eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A phase-based trauma treatment pilot project. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Internation Association, Minneapolis, MN.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
• More effective methods to treat adults affected by childhood trauma, disturbed attachments, and adulthood intimate partner violence are critically needed.
• Research utilizing Adult Attachment Interview (Hess, 1999) had found that when mothers hold unresolved memories of loss or childhood abuse, their children typically develop disorganized attachments and that when mothers are poorly or inconsistently responsive to their children’s cues, the children typically develop insecure attachments • A history of abuse by childhood attachment figures also increases the likelihood of becoming involved in domestic violence experiences in adulthood for both sexes (Gratz, 2009; Henderson et al, 2005) • Previous research has demonstrated that attachment experiences influence emotional functioning and vulnerability to emotion dysregulation (Critchheld et al, 2008). Numerous empirical works demonstrate the relationship between attachment style and aggression (e. g., Sockwaite et al, 2002; Henderson et al, 2005)
• Emotion dysregulation and problems with impulse control and unstable relationships are common symptoms associated with childhood abuse by attachment figures (Fonagy, 1997; Bhipman et al, 2005)
• Funding more effective treatment for problems in functioning related to childhood trauma and attachment issues is imperative. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) are two approaches that have proven beneficial in treating individuals with borderline personality disorders and trauma, respectively, and thus, could prove beneficial as treatment modalities for childhood trauma and attachment problems
• The current investigation is a pilot study aimed at evaluating a treatment protocol aimed at effectively assisting adults with a history of childhood abuse and/or intimate partner violence to regulate emotions, resolve childhood trauma, move toward a healthier and more secure attachment status, and reduce the risk of repeating the cycle of violence and child abuse. More specifically, this pilot project evaluated a phase-based trauma treatment program that included (a) a year-long, initial emotion regulation skills-training phases utilizing DBT and (b) a second phase of either 10 individual sessions of EMDR or 10 individual session focused on further DBT skills training
Keywords: DBT Dialectical Behavior Therapy Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
106. Simon, M. J. (2000, September). A comparison between EMDR and exposure for treating PTSD: A single-subject analysis. the Behavior Therapist, 23(8), 172-175.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
The intent of this study is to use a single-subject analysis to compare the efficacy of EMDR to imaginal exposure for the treatment of PTSD. More specifically, this study compared exposure and EMDR for treating symptoms associated with the traumatic memories reported by two subjects diagnosed with PTSD. Standardized assessments were used to measure severity of trauma-related intrusive thoughts and sleep disturbances, whereas levels of symptoms were tracked throughout treatment and at 3-month follow-up. [Text, p. 173] [Pilots]
Keywords: Empirical Study Exposure Therapy Females Posttraumtic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
107. Narimani, M., Ahari, S. S., & Rajabi, S. (2008). Comparison of efficacy of eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing and cognitive behavioral therapy therapeutic methods for reducing anxiety and depression of Iranian combatant afflicted by post traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Applied Sciences, 8(10), 1932-1937. doi:10.3923/jas.2008.1932.1937.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This research aims to determine efficacy of two therapeutic methods and compare them: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for reduction of anxiety and depression for Iranian combatant afflicted with Post traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after imposed war. Statistical population of current study includes combatants afflicted with PTSD that were hospitalized in Isas Hospital of Ardabil province or were inhabited in Ardabil. These persons were selected through simple random sampling and were randomly located in three groups. The method was extended test method and study design was multi-group test-retest. Used tools include hospital anxiety and depression scale. This survey showed that exercise of EMDR and CBT has caused significant reduction of anxiety and depression. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Anxiety Anxiety Disorders CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Therapy Depression Depressive Disorders Iranians Middle Aged Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Treatment Effectiveness Veterans War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
108. Simon, M. J. (1997, November). A comparison study of EMDR and exposure on posttraumatic stress disorder: A single-subject design. Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI. AAT 9734215.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Exposure has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of PTSD. Recent claims have been made regarding the comparative and perhaps even superior efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of PTSD.The comparative effectiveness was tested using two subjects, a multiple baseline design, targeting two distinct trauma-related images per subject. Standardized and objective assessment measures of diagnostic criteria were administered at baseline, post-treatment, and at follow-up. Order of treatment was reversed for the second subject. Results of the study showed that EMDR and Exposure were comparable treatments of PTSD. EMDR demonstrated more rapid overall symptom reduction than Exposure. Both Exposure and EMDR generalized across traumas. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 58(5-B), Nov 1997, pp. 2700.
Keywords: Adults Clinical Trial Empirical Study Exposure Therapy Females Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
109. Pace, P. (2003, September). Connecting ego states through time with EMDR and lifespan integration. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will be introduced to Lifespan Integration, an effective new technique, which connects dissociated ego states to one another, and eventually produces an integrated self. This technique brings up images related to the targeted trauma, and gives the client insights about the lifelong pattern of behaviors resultant from the trauma. External resources are rarely needed as clients spontaneously connect to internal resources. Participants will learn how Lifespan Integration can be used adjunctive to EMDR: 1) to quickly resolve feeder memories which are interfering with processing; 2) to help clients who are flooding with emotion regain connection to their cognitive capacities; and 3) to help clients access positive internal resources related to the targeted trauma.
Keywords: Ego States Lifespan Integration
Accuracy Verified: Yes
110. Leeds, A. (2006, September). The consensus model. In criteria for assuring appropriate clinical use and avoiding misuse of resource development & installation when treating complex posttraumatic stress syndromes (A. Leeds). Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The consensus model of treatment for patients with complex posttraumatic syndromes emphasizes assuring adequate stabilization before and during uncovering and resolving of traumatic memories. Resource Development and Installation (RDI) has been reported to be a potentially effective intervention for enhancing patient & stabilization. There are now several published descriptions and case reports of RDI including a summary in the standard reference text on EMDR. The growing use of RDI by EMDR trained clinicians has been followed by reports indicating that a significant number of patients with posttraumatic stress syndromes who meet standard EMDR readiness criteria for ego strength and stability have been offered RDI without being offered standard EMDR reprocessing. This presentation will review specific criteria for identifying: for which patients and clinical situations the use of RDI is indicated; for which patients and clinical situations RDI should be offered cautiously, if at all, but alternate stabilization methods should be considered; and for which patients RDI should not be offered but where standard EMDR reprocessing should be offered without delay. An overview of RDI procedural steps will be presented to clarify its use. Strategies will be offered to address technical, clinical and countertransference issues that may be associated with misuse of RDI. Clinical vignettes will be presented to illustrate appropriate clinical use, clinical cautions and misuse of RDI.
Keywords: Complex PTSD Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder C-PSTD Consensus Model Resource Development & Installation RDI Treatment Criteria
Accuracy Verified: Yes
111. Maxfield, L. (2008). Considering mechanisms of action in EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(4), 234-238. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.4.234.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This special issue of the Journal of EMDR Practice
and Research contains a number of articles that address
preliminary issues related to these complex
questions. There are two research studies: a study
investigating the physiological effects of EM (Sack
et al.) and a study evaluating the effect of EM on the
components of autobiographical memory (Maxfi eld
et al.) . There are several articles by researchers who
have summarized their fi ndings and provided a theoretical
perspective on related issues (Lee; Propper &
Christman; Sondergaard & Elofsson; Stickgold). Two
theoretical articles propose neurobiological and other
mechanisms of action (Bergmann; Solomon & Shapiro
). All these articles make a real contribution to our
conceptualizations of EMDR mechanisms. It is our
hope and intention that this issue will stimulate thinking,
and provide ideas and models for future research,
with the expectation that fi ndings will help to guide
and direct clinical practice. (Excerpt)
Keywords: Editorial Mechanism of Action
Accuracy Verified: Yes
112. Greenwald, R., McClintock, S. D., & Bailey, T. D. (In press). A controlled comparison of progressive counting and eye movement desensitization & reprocessing. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, & Trauma.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Ten therapists who were already trained and experienced in eye movement desensitization
& reprocessing (EMDR) received training in progressive counting (PC), a newer trauma
resolution method. Nineteen volunteers with single-incident trauma or loss were assigned to a
therapist and then randomized to treatment condition; 15 completed treatment to termination
criteria or until the fourth session. Participants in both conditions experienced significant
reductions in PTSD symptoms, memory-related distress, and presenting problems at one week
post-treatment, maintained at 12-week follow-up, with no significant differences in outcomes,
treatment efficiency, or dropout rate. The preliminary findings of this pilot study suggest that PC
is an efficient, well-tolerated, and effective trauma treatment that is relatively easy for therapists to
master.
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Exposure Loss Progressive Counting Trauma Treatment
Accuracy Verified: No
113. Soberman, G. B., Greenwald, R., & Rule, D. L. (2002). A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for boys with conduct problems. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 6(1), 217-236. doi:10.1300/J146v06n01_11.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
We suggest that trauma contributes to the development and persistence of conduct problems, and should be addressed. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) was selected as a promising trauma treatment. 29 boys with conduct problems in residential or day treatment were randomized into standard care or standard care plus 3 trauma-focused EMDR sessions. The EMDR group showed large and significant reduction of memory-related distress, as well as trends towards reduction of post-traumatic symptoms. The EMDR group also showed large and significant reduction of problem behaviors by 2-month follow-up, whereas the control group showed only light improvement. These findings provide support for EMDR's use as a trauma treatment for boys ages 10-16, as well as support for the hypothesis that effective trauma treatment can lead to reduced conduct problems in this population. [Author summary]
Keywords: Adolescents Control Study Disruptive Behavior Disorders Empirical Study Males Preadolescents Random Clinical Trial RCT Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
114. Soberman, G. B., Greenwald, R., & Rule, D. L. (2002). A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for boys with conduct problems. In R. Greenwald (Ed). Trauma and juvenile delinquency: Theory, research, and interventions. (pp. 217-236). Binghamton, NY: Haworth Maltreatment and Trauma Press/The Haworth Press.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Suggests that trauma contributes to the development and persistence of conduct problems, and should be addressed. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) was selected as a promising trauma treatment. 29 boys with conduct problems in residential or day treatment were randomized into standard care or standard care plus 3 trauma-focused EMDR sessions. The EMDR group showed large and significant reduction of memory-related distress, as well as trends towards reduction of post-traumatic symptoms. The EMDR group also showed large and significant reduction of problem behaviors by 2-month follow-up, whereas the control group showed only slight improvement. These findings provide support for EMDR's use as a trauma treatment for boys ages 10-16 years, as well as support for the hypothesis that effective trauma treatment can lead to reduced conduct problems in this population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Boys Conduct Problems Trauma Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
115. Rothbaum, B. O. (1997, Summer). A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disordered sexual assault victims. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 61(3), 317-334.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a new method developed to treat PTSD. This study evaluated the efficacy of EMDR compared to a no-treatment wait-list control in the treatment of PTSD in adult female sexual assault victims. 21 subjects were entered and 18 completed. Treatment was delivered in 4 weekly individual sessions. Assessments were conducted pre- and posttreatment and 3 months following treatment termination by an independent assessor kept blind to treatment condition. Measures included standard clinician- and self-administered PTSD and related psychopathology scales. Results indicated that subjects treated with EMDR improved significantly more on PTSD and depression from pre- to posttreatment than control subjects, leading to the conclusion that EMDR was effective in alleviating PTSD in this study. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Empirical Study Females Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial Rape RCT Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
116. Hyer, L. A., Boudewyns, P. A., Peralme, L., Touze, J., & Kiel, A. (1995, June). Controlled treatment outcome study using EMDR on combat-related post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
After the status of PTSD was established, subjects were randomly assigned to one of three conditions; EMDR, exposure control (EC), and group (GT). Subjects in EMDR condition received at least five but no more than eight sessions of EMDR. EC condition subjects therapy procedure as the EMDR subjects but without the eye movements. Subjects in the GT condition received five to eight session of group therapy only.
Outcome measures were at intervals; prior to therapy, immediately following therapy and at two follow-up periods. These include: (1) self report or interview-related psychological measures (Combat Exposure scale, MMPI-2 PTSD, Veterans Adjustment Scale (VETS), Mississippi Scale, Hamilton (Depression and Anxiety); (2) behavioral outcome measures (employment, treatment seeking behavior medication therapy, and re hospitalization rate); and (3) psychophysiological response measures (skin conductance, frontalis EMG, heart rate and blood pressure). The last measures involved a change measure in psychological arousal during exposure to tape recorded scripts depicting the patients' most traumatic combat memory. In addition to these pre-, post-,
follow-up measures, measures (SUD, profile of mood scale (POMS), and impact of events scale (IOE) were taken at each therapy session.
Early results on selected outcomes show differences in positive outcome between conditions POMS EMDR>GT (p<.01); IOE Avoidance, EMDR>GT (p<.04); IOE Intrusion, EMDR>GT(p<.03); Heart Rate, EMDR>GT (p<.04). Presently, there were no other significant differences between EMDR or EC. Trends, however suggest that EMDR may be superior to EC on several of the measures.
These results indicate that EMDR may be producing greater reduction in the conditioned emotional response to traumatic memories in these patients, when compared to group therapy approach commonly used to treat these types of patients in a special VA treatment program.
Keywords: Combat Controlled Treatment Outcome Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
117. Pagani, M., Högberg, G., Fernandez, I., & Siracusano, A. (2013). Correlates of EMDR therapy in functional and structural neuroimaging: A critical summary of recent findings. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(1), 29-38. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.1.29.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Neuroimaging investigations of the effects of psychotherapies treating posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD), including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), have reported findings
consistent
with modifications in cerebral blood flow (CBF; single photon emission computed tomography
[SPECT]), in neuronal volume and density (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), and more recently in
brain electric signal (electroencephalography [EEG]). Additionally in the recent past, EMDR-
related neurobiological
changes were monitored by EEG during therapy itself and showed a shift of the maximal
activation from emotional limbic to cortical cognitive brain regions. This was the first time in which
neurobiological changes occurring during any psychotherapy session have been reported,
making
EMDR
the first psychotherapy with a proven neurobiological effect. The purpose of this article was to review the
results of functional and structural changes taking place at PTSD treatment and presented during the
period of 1999–2012 by various research groups. The reported pathophysiological changes are presented
by neuropsychological technique and implemented methodology
and critically analyzed.
Keywords: EEG Limbic System MRI Neurobiology SPECT
Accuracy Verified: Yes
118. Resick, P., Monson, C., Griffin, M., Rothbaum, B., Rasmusson, A., & Shalev, A. (2006, November). Cortisol pre and posttreatment with EMDR or prolonged imaginal exposure in PTSD assault survivors. In Psychobiology and Treatment of PTSD. Symposium conducted at the 22nd annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies Fall Conference, Hollywood, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Psychobiological treatment of PTSD: This symposium will examine four CBT treatment studies with
regard to biological markers. The questions here are whether pretreatment
psychobiology or physiological responding can be used to
predict treatment outcome, or whether they themselves change as a
result of effective treatment.
Cortisol pre and posttreatment with EMDR or
prolonged imaginal exposure in PTSD assault
survivors: Many studies have noted increased cortisol production in trauma
survivors with PTSD, but it is not clear whether effective treatment
alters these responses. As part of a larger study, 60 female sexual
assault survivors with PTSD began one of two types of cognitivebehavioral
treatment (Prolonged Exposure (PE) or EMDR). Each
treatment consisted of nine sessions. Sessions 1 and 2 included
information gathering, trauma education, and therapy preparation.
Sessions 3 through 9 consisted of processing traumatic memories
and emotions via either imaginal exposure or EMDR.To examine
potential cortisol changes over the course of treatment, salivary cortisol
samples were collected at three time points during treatment. A
baseline sample was taken at session 1, a second sample was taken at
the start of the treatment portion of therapy (session 3), and a third
sample was taken at the end of treatment (session 9). Of the original
sample of 60 participants, 50 women completed treatment, and ten
dropped out. Cortisol responses will be examined in treatment
responders and non-responders as well as in treatment completers
vs. treatment dropouts.
Keywords: Cortisol Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prolonged Imaginal Exposure Assault PSTD Survivors Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
119. Gerardi, M., Rothbaum, B. O., Astin, M.C., & Kelley, M. (2010, June). Cortisol response following exposure treatment for PTSD in rape victims. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 19(4), 349-356. doi:10.1080/10926771003781297.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study examined changes in salivary cortisol levels pre-to-post-treatment in adult female rape victims diagnosed with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) randomly assigned to be treated with either Prolonged Exposure Therapy or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. Salivary cortisol was collected at baseline, session 3, and session 9. A significant decrease in salivary cortisol levels was observed in individuals classified as treatment responders in both treatment conditions. Findings suggest that successful exposure-based treatments for PTSD which result in trauma-related and depressive symptom reduction may impact the action of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as measured by changes in level of salivary cortisol from pre-to-post-treatment.
Keywords: Rape Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
120. Dean, B. (2010, July 4). Counselors to get training for treating post-traumatic stress. Military, Oklahoma Military News and Articles, NewsOK.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Experts said that's what life is like for soldiers who return from war with post-traumatic stress disorder. With about 3,400 Oklahoma National Guardsmen set to deploy to Afghanistan next year with the 45th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, Guard leaders want to make sure those soldiers can get the help they need when they return to the state.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
121. Lv, Q. (2010, July). Crisis intervention and trauma therapy in China. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
We reviewed the development of crisis intervention and trauma therapy in China since 1980s.
During the past three decades, there is a gradual increase of concern and awareness among different level of Chinese
government and the society for the need of human-focused disaster intervention.
The Chinese crisis intervention and trauma therapy team’s experiences and studies have supported the fact that prompt and
adequate intervention will significantly reduce the negative effect of disaster or trauma.
It’s essential to develop the crisis intervention and trauma therapy teams systematically at different sites of the country to
provide emergency intervention service at local areas.
Formal and special training are needed to provide to all health and rescue-related workers involved in the disaster. This is
based on the fact that immediate care and intervention require a large number of trained staff after disaster.
Finally, it ‘s essential to study and improve the culturally suitable crisis intervention programs and trauma therapy.
Keywords: China Crisis Intervention
Accuracy Verified: Yes
122. Luber, M. (2009). Current anxiety and behavior. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 133-141). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This protocol is for clients with anxieties not related to major trauma. The focus here is the Standard EMDR Protocol. This is a summary of the Current Anxiety and Behavior Protocol scripted by Marilyn Luber (Shapiro, 2001, 2006). For current anxiety and behavior problems, the Standard EMDR Protocol should be applied to the following targets (assuming they are available): Past memories; Present triggers; and a Future template. The Current Anxiety and Behavior Protocol Script is provided. [PsycINFO Database]
Keywords: Current Anxiety Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
123. Maxfield, L. (2002, June). Current research perspectives: What we know and don’t know about EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Besides providing an overview of current EMDR research, this presentation examine related clinical implications. Although EMDR is efficacious in PSTD treatment, different studies have achieved a range of results. Factors that might account for this disparity are examined, and their therapeutic relevance is emphasized. Possible explanations for poor outcomes in phobia/panc disorder studies are discussed, with treatment recommendations highlighted. Although fingings for the contribution of eye-movements are inconclusive, this research suggests aspects of dual attention stimulation that could be clinically monitored. Finally, suggestions are made to assist clinicians in objectively assessing client progress and evaluating edivence from their own practices.
Keywords: Research
Accuracy Verified: Yes
124. van der Kolk, B. A. (1997, July). Current understanding of the psychobiology of trauma. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Francisco, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Trauma as an etiological agent in the genesis of psychopathology was largely ignored between the end of the
second world war and the end of the Vietnam war, forty years later. Trauma-based psychiatric problems were
generally dismissed, as exemplified by the above quote about the impact of childhood sexual abuse in the leading
textbook of psychiatry in 1972. In the wake of the Vietnam war the diagnosis of PTSD was constructed for inclusion in
the DSM-Ill in order to capture the psychopathology associated with traumatization in adults. However, over the years,
it has become clear that in clinical settings the majority of treatment seeking patients have been exposed to a range of
different traumatic events over their life-span, and suffer from a variety of psychological problems that are not included
in the diagnosis of PTSD. These include depression and self-hatred, dissociation and depersonalization, selfdestructive
behaviors, problems with close relations and an impairment in the capacity to experience pleasure,
satisfaction and 'fun'. These other problems are generally relegated to the status of "co-morbid conditions", rather than
being recognized as part of a spectrum of extremely treatment resistant trauma- related problems that occur
depending on the age at which the trauma occurred, the relationship to the agent responsible for the trauma, social
support received and the duration of the traumatic experience(s).
Keywords: Psychobiology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
125. Egli-Bernd, H. (2012, Januar). Das neue EMDR dialog‐protokoll, die kognitionen und ihre zentrale bedeutung bei der EMDR arbeit mit komplexen problemstellungen [The new dialogue EMDR protocol: The cognitions and their central role in the EMDR work with complex problems]. Präsentation am Institut für Traumazentrierte Therapie und Beratung, Zürich.
Language: German
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Die Erfahrung zeigt, dass die erfolgreiche Arbeit mit EMDR häufig wesentlich von der treffenden und
emotional bedeutungsvollen Wahl der Kognitionen abhängt. Die Erfahrung zeigt aber ebenfalls, dass diese
richtige Auswahl oft zur schwierigen Hürde werden kann beim Einstieg in komplexe EMDR‐Arbeit in Phase 3,
und zwar nicht nur für AnfängerInnen, sondern auch für erfahrene EMDR TherapeutInnen.
Dies vor allem dann, wenn der Fokus der Arbeit nicht auf klar definierten klassischen traumatischen
Einzelereignissen, sondern auf komplexen, frühen Lebensthemen liegt. Das Herausarbeiten tiefgreifender,
emotional bedeutsamer Kognitionen fällt bei solchen Themen den Betroffenen oft besonders schwer. Diese
Situation erzeugt häufig Verunsicherung bei den Klienten und Therapeuten und stellt eine Herausforderung
für die erfolgreiche und effiziente Anwendung von EMDR dar.
Mittlerweile ist in der Bindungs‐ und Traumaforschung herausgearbeitet worden, dass frühe Störungen sehr
häufig eine dissoziative Struktur bei den Betroffenen zur Folge haben. Wir müssen also davon ausgehen,
dass es in diesen Fällen auch um eine „subtile“ Dissoziation geht, die sich bei der EMDR Arbeit in Phase 3 u.a.
durch Probleme mit der Erarbeitung der Kognitionen manifestieren kann.
In den letzten Jahren habe ich das EMDR Dialog‐Protokoll entwickelt, das den Umgang mit solch komplexen
EMDR Situationen in der Phase 3 wesentlich erleichtert. Im Oktober 2009 wurde eine Kurzversion meiner
Arbeit zu diesem speziellen EMDR Protokoll im deutschen EMDR Rundbrief veröffentlicht und im August
2011 wird eine englische Übersetzung im EMDR Journal for Research & Practice veröffentlicht.
Der Workshop soll einerseits die Bedeutung der Kognitionen für die erfolgreiche EMDR Arbeit nochmals
klären sowie die dazugehörigen theoretischen Grundlagen aus der Neurobiologie, der Bindungstheorie und
den Theorien der Strukturellen Dissoziation und Ego‐State Theorie zusammenfassen. Sodann wird das
Dialog‐Protokoll im Detail erläutert und mittels Fallbeispielen in der praktischen Anwendung dargestellt.
Ein praktischer Teil des Workshops ist dem Üben von Phase 3 mit dem Dialogprotokoll vorbehalten. Die
TeilnehmerInnen sollen anhand von konkreten eigenen Beispielen die Phase 3 mit Anwendung des Dialog‐
Protokolls üben, um für die Praxis eine auf Selbsterfahrung basierende praktische Erfahrung mitzunehmen.
Es geht dabei um das Erfassen von Phase 3 bis zum VOC, nicht um eine komplette Selbsterfahrung mit
EMDR. Dabei soll die emotionale Relevanz der stimmigen und tiefgreifenden Kognition erfahrbar werden.
Wenn es der zeitliche Rahmen erlaubt, können eigene Fälle zur Diskussion gestellt werden. Der Workshop
soll eine kollegiale Diskussion von Problemen in der EMDR Anwendung ermöglichen und neue Perspektiven
eröffnen helfen.
Experience shows that successful work often with EMDR significantly taken from and
emotionally meaningful choice of cognition depends. But experience shows also that these
Proper selection can often be difficult to hurdle in entering complex EMDR work in phase 3,
and not only for beginners but also for experienced EMDR therapists.
This especially when the focus of the work of non-traumatic on clearly defined classical
Individual events, but on complex, early-life subjects. Working out of profound,
emotionally meaningful cognition falls on such topics stakeholders often particularly difficult. This
Situation often creates uncertainty among clients and therapists and offers a challenge
represents for the successful and efficient use of EMDR
Meanwhile, it has been worked into the binding and trauma research that very early interference
often have a dissociative structure among those affected the result. We must therefore assume
that in these cases, a "subtle" dissociation is, among other things, at the EMDR work in phase 3
may be manifested by problems with the development of cognition.
In recent years I have developed the dialogue EMDR protocol, how to deal with such complex
EMDR situations in phase 3 easier. In October 2009, a short version of my
Work on this specific EMDR protocol in German newsletter published EMDR and in August
2011 an English translation of the EMDR Journal for Research & Practice is published.
The workshop on the one hand the importance of cognition in the successful EMDR should work again
and clarify the related theoretical principles from neurobiology, attachment theory and
summarize the theories of Structural Dissociation and ego state theory. Then, the
Dialog protocol described in detail and illustrated using case studies in practical applications.
A practical part of the workshop is reserved for the practice of dialogue with the Phase 3 protocol. The
By means of concrete examples to own participants, phase 3 of the dialogue with application-
Exercise protocol in order for the practice to bring a hands-on experience based on personal experience.
This involves having to capturing phase 3 to the VOC, not a complete self-awareness
EMDR. It is the emotional relevance of coherent and profound cognition can be experienced.
If it is the time frame allowed to own cases are presented for discussion. The workshop
should enable a collegial discussion of issues in application of EMDR and new perspectives
help open up.
Keywords: Cognitions Dialogue Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
126. Capezzani, L. (2010, Novembre). Dati preliminari del progetto: Valutazione degli esiti medico- clinici e psicologici in seguito all’applicazione dell’EMDR in pazienti oncologici con disturbi dello spettro post traumatico da stress [Preliminary data of the project: Evaluation of medical-clinical and psychological outcomes following the application of EMDR in cancer patients with autism spectrum post-traumatic stress disorder]. Presentazione al "Convegno La psicotraumatologia Oncologica, Roma, Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
La ricerca ha lo scopo di indicare se l’intervento con EMDR produce significativi cambiamenti dei parametri medico-clinico, oltre che psicologici, in pazienti oncologici che abbiamo ricevuto una diagnosi di PTSD o di un disturbo dello spettro post-traumatico da stress durante ciascuna delle fasi dell’evoluzione della malattia.
In particolare si vuole verificare se dopo trattamento con EMDR:
- i valori baseline di cortisolo nel sangue cambiano e riproducono anche in pazienti oncologici l’andamento dimostrato in letteratura: in presenza di un PTSD acuto generalmente i livelli sono alti, quando invece il PTSD č cronico i livelli di cortisolo sono bassi ma in ambedue i casi un trattamento con EMDR produce una normalizzazione di suddetti valori.
- si osserva una riduzione della quantitŕ di citochine che rappresentano gli indicatori immunologici correlati a stati di depressione ed ansia sia sottosoglia che non, quasi sempre presenti tra i disturbi dello spettro PTSD e quindi anche nella malattia oncologica (Cantelmi, 2008 in preparazione).
Lo studio consente inoltre di osservare
- per quali delle fasi della malattia il trattamento con EMDR produce la migliore estinzione dei disturbi post-traumatici da stress,
- se le modalitŕ di coping, cioč le strategie di adattamento alla malattia e sua gestione migliorano dopo il trattamento con EMDR
The research is intended to indicate whether the intervention with EMDR produces significant changes in clinical parameters and medical as well as psychological, in cancer patients who have received a diagnosis of PTSD or a spectrum disorder post-traumatic stress disorder during each of the stages of the disease.
In particular, we want to check if after treatment with EMDR:
- The values of baseline cortisol in the blood change and reproduce even in cancer patients the trend shown in the literature: in the presence of an acute PTSD generally the levels are high, when instead the PTSD is chronic cortisol levels are low but in both cases treated with EMDR produces a normalization of these values.
- There is a reduction in the amount of cytokines representing the immunological indicators related to states of depression and subthreshold anxiety is that, almost always present between the spectrum disorders PTSD and therefore also in the oncological disease (Cantelmi, 2008 in preparation).
The study also allows you to observe
- For which of the stages of the disease treatment with EMDR produces the best extinction of the symptoms of post-traumatic stress,
- Whether the method of coping, ie the strategies of adaptation to the disease and its management to improve after treatment with EMDR.
Keywords: Autism Cancer Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
127. Jongedijk, R. A., Gersons, B. P. R., & ter Heide, F. J. J. (2010). De behandeling van patiënten met PTSS met narrative exposure therapy, het kort eclectisch protocol voor PTSS en eye movement desensitisation [The treatment of patients with PTSD narrative exposure therapy, the short protocol for PTSD and eclectic eye movement desensitisation]. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie 52(4), 4.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Achtergrond: Bij de behandeling van patiënten met een posttraumatische stressstoornis (ptss) worden niet altijd de evidence-based behandelvormen toegepast zoals beschreven in de richtlijnen en in de literatuur. Vooral bij de complexere traumapatiënten worden regelmatig alleen stabilisatietechnieken en/of farmacotherapie toegepast.
Doel: In deze bijblijfsessie wordt betoogd dat evidence-based traumagerichte behandeling mogelijk en wenselijk is, ook bij veel complexe patiënten die te maken hebben gehad met oorlog, vervolging, geweld en/of beroepsgerelateerd trauma.
Methoden: Er zullen drie voordrachten worden gegeven, met daarna discussie, door drie specialisten in de behandeling van ptss. De voordrachten zullen drie evidence-based behandelvormen voor ptss illustreren, te weten narrative exposure therapy (net), het Kort Eclectisch Protocol voor ptss (kep) en eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (emdr).
Resultaten: De drie getoonde behandelvormen zijn goed toepasbaar en effectief bij patiënten met een ptss. Dit zal worden aangetoond met behulp van theoretische uitgangspunten, ervaringen uit de klinische praktijk en onderzoeksgegevens.
Conclusie: Behandeling van complexe traumapatiënten met ptss door middel van traumagerichte psychotherapie heeft doorgaans de voorkeur. De deelnemer van de bijblijfsessie heeft kennisgenomen van drie evidence-based behandelvormen voor ptss.
Background: In the treatment of patients with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are not always evidence-based treatment as described in the application forms and guidelines in the literature. Especially with complex trauma patients are frequently only stabilization techniques and /or pharmacotherapy used.
This goal bijblijfsessie is argued that evidence-based trauma-focused treatment is possible and desirable, even with many complex patients who have experienced war, persecution, violence and / or job-related trauma.
Methods: will be given three nominations, followed by discussion, by three specialists in the treatment of PTSD. The presentations will be three evidence-based treatments for PTSD illustrate, namely narrative exposure therapy (NET), the Short PTSD Eclectic Protocol (KEP) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR).
The results shown three forms of treatment are well applicable and effective in patients with PTSD. This will be demonstrated using theoretical assumptions, experiences from clinical practice and research.
Opinion Treatment of complex trauma patients with PTSD using trauma-focused psychotherapy is usually preferred. The participant of bijblijfsessie has noted three evidence-based treatments for PTSD.
Keywords: Narrative Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
128. van der Vleugel, B. (2013, April). De behandeling van PTSS bij mensen met een psychotische stoornis [The treatment of PTSD in people with a psychotic disorder]. In Onderzoek track 1 and 2. Presentatie op Het congres EMDR Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, Nederland.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Trauma is een risicofactor voor het ontwikkelen van psychose. Het hebben van een ernstige psychiatrische aandoening verhoogt de kans op het ontwikkelen van een co-morbide posttraumatische stress stoornis. Desondanks wordt een co-morbide PTSS zelden gediagnostiseerd en wanneer dit wél gebeurt is behandeling van deze PTSS bepaald niet vanzelfsprekend. Behandelaren vrezen vaak dat het openlijk bespreken van traumatische levenservaringen zal leiden tot decompensatie, heropname, middelenmisbruik, zelfbeschadigend gedrag en / of suďcidaliteit. Ondertussen werken de PTSS klachten als olie op het vuur van de psychose.
Omdat mensen met psychotische klachten over het algemeen werden uitgesloten van deelname aan onderzoek naar de effecten van PTSS behandeling was lang niet bekend of psychologische behandeling conform de Richtlijn Angststoornissen ook bij deze populatie veilig en effectief is. Hier begint verandering in te komen.
In deze presentatie komen achtereenvolgens aan bod:
- De resultaten van een pilot onderzoek naar de effecten van EMDR bij mensen met een psychotische stoornis en een co-morbide PTSS (Van den Berg & Van der Gaag, 2012).
- De resultaten van een gecontroleerde multiple baseline study naar de effecten van EMDR en Prolonged Exposure bij mensen met een psychotische stoornis en een comorbide PTSS (De Bont, Van Minnen & De Jongh, submitted).
- De opzet en eerste bevindingen van het onderzoeksproject Treating Trauma in Psychosis (T.TIP), een multicenter RCT naar de behandeling van PTSS bij mensen met een psychotische Trauma is a risk factor for the development of psychosis. Having a severe psychiatric condition increases the chance of the development of a co-morbid post-traumatic stress disorder. Nevertheless, a co-morbid PTSD rarely diagnosed and when this happens, treatment of these PTSD determined not obvious. Clinicians often fear that openly discussing traumatic life experiences will lead to decompensation, reuptake, substance abuse, self-injurious behavior and / or suicidality. Meanwhile, the PTSD symptoms as fuel to the fire of the psychosis.
Because people with psychotic symptoms were generally excluded from research into the effects of PTSD treatment was long unknown or psychological treatment in accordance with Directive Anxiety disorders also in this population safely and effective. Here begins to be changing.
This presentation will subsequently be discussed:
- The results of a pilot study on the effects of EMDR in people with a psychotic disorder and comorbid PTSD (Van den Berg and Van der Gaag, 2012) .
- The results of a controlled multiple baseline study on the effects of EMDR and Prolonged Exposure to people with a psychotic disorder and comorbid PTSD (De Bont, Van Minnen & De Jongh, submitted).
- The design and initial findings of the research Treating Trauma in Psychosis (T.TIP), a multicenter RCT on the treatment of PTSD in people with a psychotic disorder (De Bont et al, submittedstoornis (De Bont et al., submitted).
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder PSTD Psychotic Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
129. Berendsen, S. (2008). De behandeling van traumagerelateerde klachten na rampen en mogelijke dilemma’s [The treatment of trauma-related complaints after disasters and possible dilemmas.]. Psychologie & Gezondheid, 36(3), 147-152.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Dit artikel geeft de kenmerken van de trauma-gerelateerde klachten die mensen kan laten zien na blootstelling aan rampen. Verschillende criteria en de bijbehorende dilemma's met betrekking tot de beslissing over de noodzaak van een behandeling worden besproken. Ten slotte wordt een overzicht gegeven van de evidence-based en best practice behandelingsmethoden voor mensen met een trauma-gerelateerde klachten na blootstelling aan rampen, met inbegrip van imaginaire en in vivo blootstelling, EMDR, cognitieve therapie, en het schrijven van oefeningen.
This article presents the characteristics of trauma-related complaints that
people can show after being exposed to disasters. Several criteria and
corresponding dilemmas with regard to deciding on the need for treatment
are discussed. Finally, an overview is provided of evidence-based and
best-practice treatment modalities for people with trauma-related complaints
after being exposed to disasters, including imaginary and in vivo
exposure, EMDR, cognitive therapy, and writing exercises.
Keywords: Complaints, Disasters Symtoms
Accuracy Verified: Yes
130. Leenarts, L. E. W., Doreleijers, Th. A. H., Lindauer, R. J. L., Lodewijks, H. P. B., & Vermeiren, R. R. J. M. (2011, April). De effectiviteit van een traumabehandeling bij getraumatiseerde meisjes in gesloten jeugdinstellingen [The effectiveness of trauma treatment in traumatized girls in closed juvenile institutions]. Symposia op het 39ste Voorjaarscongres Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Amsterdam .
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Achtergrond: Uit onderzoek blijkt dat
in jeugdzorginstellingen geplaatste meisjes vaak
getraumatiseerd zijn en mede hierdoor ernstige
problemen vertonen in het verdere leven. Onderzoek
(Hamerlynck 2008) toont aan dat 85% van de
meisjes een of meer trauma’s heeft meegemaakt
en dat dit gerelateerd is aan zowel openlijke als
heimelijke agressie. Hieruit blijkt de noodzaak om
meisjes in jeugdzorginstellingen bij opname te
onderzoeken op trauma en agressie, ze te behandelen
en om traumabehandelingen te onderzoeken
op hun effectiviteit en op de gevolgen op lange termijn.
Doel: Het doel van het huidige onderzoek
is de effecten vast te stellen van een traumabehandeling
bij meisjes die in een jeugdzorg-plusinstelling
geplaatst zijn. De behandeling die
geëvalueerd wordt, is een stabilisatiefase (met als doel het reduceren van traumagerelateerde klachten) aangevuld met eye movement desensitisation and
reprocessing (emdr).
Methoden: Gebruik wordt gemaakt van
een quasi-experimenteel onderzoeksdesign. De
experimentele groep bestaat uit meisjes die hebben
deelgenomen aan de stabilisatiefase gevolgd
door emdr. De controlegroep bestaat uit meisjes
die treatment as usual (tau) ontvangen. Verschillende
meetmomenten zullen plaatsvinden. De
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ( ctq) wordt
gebruikt om traumageschiedenis te onderzoeken en de Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (tscc)
wordt gebruikt om traumaklachten te bevragen.
Resultaten: Tijdens het Voorjaarscongres
zullen de eerste resultaten bekend zijn en
gepresenteerd worden.
Conclusie: Op basis van literatuur kan
verondersteld worden dat een geprotocolleerde
stabilisatiefase gevolgd door emdr effectiever is in de reductie van traumagerelateerde klachten dan
tau bij meisjes in gesloten jeugdzorginstellingen.
Background: Research shows that
girls are often placed in youth welfare institutions
traumatized and because of this serious
exhibit problems later in life. Research
(Hamerlynck 2008) shows that 85% of the
one or more girls experienced trauma
and that this is related to both overt and
covert aggression. This highlights the need to
girls in child welfare institutions in recording
research on trauma and aggression, treat them
and trauma treatments to investigate
their effectiveness and the long-term consequences.
Purpose: The aim of the present study
to determine the effects of trauma treatment
girls in a youth-plus set
placed. The treatment
evaluated, a stabilization phase (with the aim of reducing trauma-related symptoms) supplemented with Eye Movement Desensitisation and
reprocessing (EMDR).
Methods: Use is made of
a quasi-experimental research design. The
experimental group consists of girls who have
participated in the stabilization phase followed
by EMDR. The control group consists of girls
that treatment as usual (TAU) received. Various
measurement points will occur. The
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) is
used to examine trauma history and the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC)
is used to search for trauma symptoms.
Results: During the Spring Congress
the first results are known and
presented.
Conclusion: Based on literature can
believed that food allergies
stabilization phase followed by EMDR is more effective in reducing trauma-related symptoms than
tau girls in secure youth institutions.
Keywords: Girls Juvenile Insitutions Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
131. de Roos, C., & Beer, R. (2010). De kracht van een behandeling: EMDR bij kinderen en jeugdigen [The strength of a treatment: EMDR with children and youth]. Cogiscope, 2(10), 28-31.
Language: Dutch
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
Welke gezichten gaan er schuil achter de hardwerkende behandelaren van psychotrauma,
wat zijn hun drijfveren, waarom kozen ze voor het vak en waar zijn ze door
beďnvloed? Eli ten Lohuis interviewt psychotherapeuten Carlijn de Roos en Renée
Beer, pioniers in het toepasbaar maken van de behandelmethode Eye Movement
Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) voor kinderen en jeugdigen.
Carlijn de Roos is klinisch en kinder- en jeugdpsycholoog. Zij werkt sinds 2000 bij
GGZ Kinderen en Jeugd, Rivierduinen te Leiden, waar zij coördinator is van het door
haar opgerichte Psychotraumacentrum. Tevens richtte zij mede de Vereniging EMDR
Nederland (VEN) op, waarvan zij thans voorzitter is.
Renée Beer, ook klinisch en kinder- en jeugdpsycholoog en gedragstherapeut, werkt
als coördinator van het Centrum voor Traumagerelateerde Stoornissen van De
Bascule, Academisch Centrum voor Kinder- en Jeugdpsychiatrie, te Amsterdam.
Which faces are hidden behind the hardworking practitioners of psychological trauma,
what are their motivations, why they chose the profession and where they are by
affected? Eli at Lohuis interviews psychotherapists Carlijn the Rose and Renee
Beer, pioneers in the applicability of the treatment method Eye Movement
Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) for children and adolescents.
Carlijn the Rose is a clinical psychologist and child and youth. She works since 2000
Mental Health Children and Youth, Rivierduinen Leiden, where she is coordinator of the by
its established Psychotrauma Center. Also, she founded the Association co EMDR
Netherlands (VEN), of which she now chairs.
Renee Beer, and also clinical child and adolescent psychologist and behavioral therapist, works
as coordinator of the Center for Trauma Related Disorders of the
Bascule, Academic Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam.
Keywords: Adolescents Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
132. Rassin, E., Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. (1996). De pijndempende werking van eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is beperkt [The pain attenuation of EMDR is limited]. Directieve Therapie, 16(3), 274-284. doi:10.1007/BF03060149 .
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) werd in 1989 door Shapiro geďntroduceerd als een therapeutische techniek voor Posttraumatische stress–stoornis (PTSS). Sindsdien hebben diverse EMDR–;therapeuten geopperd dat deze interventie ook toepasbaar is bij andere trauma–gerelateerde klachten. In een studie van Hekmat, Groth en Rogers (1994) is geclaimd dat EMDR effectief is bij de behandeling van pijn. In het onderhavige onderzoek is deze claim verder onderzocht. Daartoe werden 45 gezonde vrijwilligers onderworpen aan 8 elektrische prikkels. De proefpersonen werden verdeeld over 3 groepen: een groep die behandeld werd met EMDR, een groep die ter afleiding van de prikkels naar een cartoon keek, en een controlegroep waarbij geen verdere interventie werd uitgevoerd. Zowel fysiologische als subjectieve reacties op de pijnprikkels werden geregistreerd. Op geen enkele effectmaat werden verschillen tussen de drie groepen gevonden. In de discussie wordt dit resultaat in een breder perspectief geplaatst.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was introduced by Shapiro in 1989 as a therapeutic technique for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Since then several EMDR, therapists suggested that this intervention is also applicable to other trauma-related symptoms. In a study by Hekmat, Groth and Rogers (1994) has claimed that EMDR is effective in treating pain. In the present study further investigated this claim. For this purpose, 45 healthy volunteers subjected to 8 electrical stimuli. The subjects were divided into 3 groups: one group treated with EMDR, a group that as a distraction from the stimuli to a cartoon look, and a control group with no further intervention was performed. Both physiological and subjective responses to pain stimuli were recorded. In no effect size differences were found between the three groups. In the discussion, this results in a wider perspective.
Keywords: Pain Attenuation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
133. Knipscheer, J., van Middendorp, H., & Kleber, R. (2011, August). De rol van cultuur in het omgaan met psychotrauma [The role of culture in coping with psychotrauma]. Psychologie & Gezondheid, 39(3), 125-131.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The role of culture in coping with psychotrauma
In this paper, the theme of the special issue on Culture and Trauma is introduced. In both empirically oriented articles as well as theoretical and contemplative contributions, the role of culture and migration context in the development of psychological problems following trauma, culture-specific or generic coping with the consequences, help-seeking behavior, and the need for culturally sensitive treatment is explored. First, the influence of the migration context is considered with regard to the possible sickening role of the asylum procedure, the burden for immigrant women who have undergone female genital mutilation and now live in a society that seriously condemns it, and the dilemma of Islamic migrants who experience homosexual feelings while living in a secularized society. Following are some contributions on cultural diversity in the expression of trauma symptoms, like somatization among refugees and the articulation of rage and embitterment among labor migrants. The impact of trauma in combination with migration on families and how children can be affected by the traumatization of their parents is the topic of two contributions in which the role of the (extended) family is explored and a contextual approach to working with families with trauma-related symptoms (a mentalization based multifamily therapy) is described. The factors that impede therapyseeking behaviour and drop-out are discussed in a study on Moroccan or Turkish girls who were raped. Finally, the applicability and efficacy of evidence-based interventions for treating ethnic minority patients with posttraumatic stress disorder is illustrated by a study on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing with refugees and an article on specific elements of intercultural trauma therapy that appear to be culturally sensitive.
Keywords: Asylum Procedure Cultural Diversity Culture Ethnic Minority Patients Female Genital Homosexuality Islamic Migrants Mentalization-Based Multi-Family Therapy Mutilation Migration Context Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Psychotrauma Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
134. Merson, J. (1999, October 9). Deep impact. Sydney, Australia: Sydney Morning Herald, Good Weekend, 55.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
In fact, there are now a wide range of therapeutic approaches to treating stress-related disorders. One which has some features in common with the cognitive behavioural approach of trying to desensitise traumatic memory is called Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR).
Keywords: Gary Fulcher General Overview
Accuracy Verified: Yes
135. Kuiken, D., Miall, D., Bears, M., & Smith L. (1998). Defamiliarization in dreaming and reading: Eye movements and attentional engagement. Presentation at the VIth Biannual IGEL Conference, Utrecht.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The fictional world imaginatively constituted during literary reading is sometimes compared with
the imaginal world created during dreaming. At the core of both reading and dreaming may be the
type of attentional adjustment that occurs when departures from expected events emerge in
experience. During dreaming, markers of this attentional adjustment – and of the related
transformations of dream content – are the eye movements characteristic of REM sleep. Recent
research suggests that eye movements induced during wakefulness similarly prompt dreamlike
transformations of imaginal activity. Therefore, we hypothesized that, during reading, induced eye
movements would facilitate defamiliarization in response to the deviations from literal meanings
found in metaphoric expressions. To test this hypothesis, twenty-five undergraduates completed 20
seconds of eye movements or 20 seconds of visual fixation before each of two tasks: (a) a covert visual
attention task (Posner & Cohen, 1984), in which a cue indicated the likely position of a subsequent
target, and (b) a sentence rating task, in which sentences with either metaphoric or non-metaphoric
endings were rated for strikingness. Repeated measures ANOVAs indicated that the eye movement
manipulation facilitated attentional adjustments to targets presented in invalidly cued locations and
increased the extent to which metaphoric sentence endings were found striking. These results suggest
that induced eye movements facilitate attentional reorientation toward the novel meanings found in
metaphoric expressions, providing evidence that dreaming and reading involve a similarly
“defamiliarizing” attentional adjustment.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
136. Torres, R. V. (2012, Novembro). Depressăo por parto na adoçăo: A cura pelo EMDR [Partum depression after adoption: The EMDR cure]. In Casos Clínicos I. Apresentaçăo no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil.
Language: Portuguese
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Esse trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar um caso clínico, de uma paciente de 46 anos, no período de adaptaçăo da adoçăo de uma criança de cinco anos. As dificuldades apresentadas inicialmente eram relacionadas: ŕ vinculaçăo afetiva materna, ao exercício dos cuidados físicos e afetivos com a criança, ao exercício e ŕ percepçăo do papel materno, aliados a fortes sintomas somáticos. Com a existęncia de grande desejo de ser măe, há 15 anos fazia tratamento para engravidar. A adoçăo năo representava um tabu para a mesma. No entanto, a infância vinha ŕ tona com frequęncia e representava grande parte de seu sofrimento: sua măe estava com 46 anos quando de seu nascimento e, desde entăo, fora acometida de enfermidades por toda sua vida, impedindo a realizaçăo de cuidados físicos e afetivos para com ela. Foram realizadas 20 sessőes de EMDR e as experięncias traumáticas da relaçăo măe x filha, bem como os medos de repetir a história passada, foram processados a uma resoluçăo adaptativa, que permitiram a assimilaçăo de suas lembranças passadas e a incorporaçăo de padrőes para experięncias positivas, possibilitando a oportunidade de ampliar conexőes com redes positivas. As memórias armazenadas que serviam de base para percepçăo, atitudes e comportamentos foram reprocessadas e, com isso, os sintomas físicos foram extintos, de maneira a permitir que a paciente assumisse uma nova postura frente ŕ maternidade. A percepçăo sobre sua măe foi alterada e conseguiu trazer ŕ tona bons momentos de sua infância com a măe. Também foi reprocessada uma situaçăo relacionada ao perdăo mútuo. A paciente hoje vive o processo de maternidade forma saudável e feliz, e 04 meses após o encerramento das sessőes, adotou um menino de 03 meses de vida, sem que os sintomas reaparecessem.
This paper aims to present a clinical case of a patient of 46 years in the adjustment period from the adoption of a child of five. Difficulties were initially related: the linking maternal affection, exercise and physical care of the child with affection, exercise and perception of the maternal role, coupled with strong somatic symptoms. With the existence of a great desire to be a mother 15 years ago was receiving treatment for getting pregnant. The adoption did not represent a taboo for the same. However, childhood came to the fore and often represented a large part of his suffering: his mother was 46 years old when his birth and has since been stricken with illness throughout his life, preventing the achievement of physical and emotional care to her. Were performed 20 sessions of EMDR and traumatic experiences of the mother x daughter, as well as fears of repeating past history, were processed to an adaptive resolution, which allowed the assimilation of their past memories and incorporation of standards for positive experiences, allowing the opportunity to expand connections with positive networks. The stored memories that served as the basis for perception, attitudes and behaviors were reprocessed and, therefore, the physical symptoms were abolished, so as to allow the patient to assume a new stance facing the motherhood. The perception has changed about his mother and managed to bring out good moments of his childhood with his mother. It was also reprocessed a situation related to mutual forgiveness. The patient now lives the process of motherhood healthy and happy, and 04 months after the close of the session, adopted a boy of 03 months, without symptoms reappeared.
Keywords: Adoption Motherhood Postpartum Depression
Accuracy Verified: Yes
137. Marcela, L., & Lemus, G. (2008, December). Desensibilización y reprocesamiento con movimientos oculares [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing]. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría, 37(Supplement 7). .
Language: Spanish
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Introducción: La técnica de desensibilización y reprocesamiento con movimientos oculares (EMDR, por sus iniciales en inglés) es un método terapéutico relativamente reciente que ha mostrado efi cacia en el tratamiento de diferentes entidades psiquiátricas y somáticas. Se postula que sus resultados se logran a través de cambios en el proceso de almacenamiento de recuerdos y en las respuestas físicas y emocionales relacionadas. Objetivo: Describir las características principales de la EMDR y sus aplicaciones. Método: Revisión de la literatura. Desarrollo y conclusiones: La EMDR es una técnica útil para el tratamiento de una gran variedad de trastornos psiquiátricos y somáticos. Se han descrito algunas reacciones adversas, lo cual resalta la importancia de elegir adecuadamente los pacientes candidatos a ser tratados con esta terapia.
Introduction: The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing technique (EMDR) is a relatively new treatment method that has shown to be effective in treating different psychiatric and somatic entities. It is postulated that its results are achieved through changes in the process of memory storing and in the related physical and emotional responses. Objective: To describe the main characteristics of EMDR and its applications. Method: Literature review. Development and conclusions: EMDR is a useful technique in the treatment of a large series of psychiatric and somatic disorders. Some adverse reactions have been described and this stresses the importance of selecting adequately those patients to be treated with this therapy.
Keywords: Desensitization Eye Movement Psychiatric Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
138. Shapiro, F. (2009). Desensibilizacion y reprocesamiento por medio de movimiento ocular (EMDR) [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)]. Pax Mexico L.C.C.S.A.
Language: Spanish
Format: Book
Abstract:
En tan solo unos cuantos ańos, el modo EMDR se ha convertido en el tratamiento más elaborado para el desorden de estrés postraumático (entre otras perturbaciones). El método EMDR es un tratamiento legítimo y poderoso.
Modelo integral y eficiente en el tratamiento de experiencias perturbadoras, el método EMDR incorpora diversos aspectos de terapias sistémicas, psicodinámicas, experienciales, conductuales y corporales. Consiste en ocho fases que comprenden el uso de movimientos oculares y otras formas de estimulación izquierda-derecha.
Es eficaz para tratar el desorden de estrés postraumático y reprocesar pensamientos y recuerdos perturbadores o problemas psicológicos de sobrevivientes de traumas, de abuso sexual, de crímenes, de combate bélico, así como de fobias y desórdenes causados por experiencias vivenciales y proporciona en poco tiempo efectos clínicos profundos y estables.
Con descripciones y transcripciones detalladas, la autora guía al clínico por cada etapa del tratamiento terapéutico, desde la selección de los clientes hasta la aplicación del método y su integración dentro de un plan integral de tratamiento clínico.
Escrito de manera accesible, este libro es una guía invaluable tanto para los clínicos experimentados en el tratamiento EMDR como para las personas que acaban de conocer el método, y para los estudiantes avanzados de psicología clínica y psicoterapia.
In just a few years, modeEMDR has become more elaborate treatment for PTSD (among other disturbances) clutter. The methodEMDR is a legitimate and powerful treatment.
Comprehensive and efficient model in the treatment of disturbing experiences, the methodEMDR incorporates aspects of systemic therapies, psychodynamic, experienciales, behavioural and body. Consists of eight phases comprising the use of eye movements and other forms of left-right stimulation.
It is effective in treating post-traumatic stress disorder and re-processing thoughts and disturbing memories or psychological problems of survivors of trauma, sexual abuse, of crimes, war combat, as well as phobias and disorders caused by vivenciales experiences and provides deep and stable clinical effects in a short time.
With descriptions and detailed transcripts, the author guides the clinical through every stage of therapeutic, treatment from clients to the implementation of the method and their integration within a comprehensive clinical treatment plan selection.
Written in an accessible manner, this book is an invaluable guide for clinicians in the treatmentEMDR as for people just know the method and for advanced students of clinical psychology and psychotherapy.
Accuracy Verified: No
139. Alblas, E. E. (2012). Desensitisation and facilitation of memory after eye movements: An effort to solve an apparent contradiction. Utrecht, Nederlands: Universiteit Utrecht.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) is a disorder characterized by frequent vivid memories of a traumatic event. A current effective treatment for PTSD is Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing treatment (EMDR). A model to explain the desensitizing effects by eye movements is the dual task hypothesis of working memory (WM). This posits that eye movements as second task exceed WM capacity, thus blurring subsequent reconsolidation of the (traumatic) memory. Eye movements prior to recall however have also been observed to facilitate memory. This thesis reviews several models to analyse whether the conflicting findings could result from one underlying process, or whether procedural differences in study design are likely to generate the opposing effects.
Keywords: Memory Desensitization Memory Facilitation Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
140. Softic, R, & Becirovic, E, (2009, Septembra). Desenzitizacija pokretima ociju i reprocesiranje (EMDR): Kada su rijeci nemocne [Desensitization of eye movements and reprocessing (EMDR): When words are disabled]. Prvi Psihoterapijski Simpozijum Bosne I Hercegovine Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Language: Serbian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Neki ljudi doţive traumatska stanja koja ne mogu u potpunosti opisati rijeĉima. Mnogi od njih nikada ni ne progovore o tome što su doţivjeli. Ali patnja se u njima nastavlja i organizam, a ĉesto i okolina plaćaju ogromnu cijenu. U takvim sluĉajevima psihoterapija koja koristi rijeĉi je nemoćna. Istraţivanja upućuju da jedna, relativno nova psihoterapijska metoda desenzitizacija pokretima oĉiju i reprocesiranje (EMDR), moţe pomoći i takvim osobama.
Kada neko iskusi ozbiljnu psihološku traumu, ĉini se da dolazi do narušavanja ravnoteţe u nervnom sistemu. Ta ravnoteţa je, moguće, narušena i posredstvom razliĉitih medijatora poput adrenalina, serotonina, dopamina, kortizola itd. Zbog takve neravnoteţe onemogućeno je optimalno funkcioniranje sistema za procesiranje informacija, a informacije vezane uz traumatiĉan dogaĊaj poput slika, zvukova, afekata i fiziĉkih senzacija se zadrţavaju u disfunkcionalnom, uznemirujućem obliku. Danas izranja shvatanje da postoji неуролошки balans u razliĉitim fiziološkim sistemima što omogućuje da informacije budu procesirane na adaptivan naĉin. EMDR kod nekih traumatiziranih djeluje ĉak i kada osoba ne moţe govoriti o tome što je preţivjela. Ono što je bitno jeste da se fokusira na traumatski dogaĊaj i da suraĊuje sa terapeutom u procesu stimulisanja dualne paţnje što omogućava adaptivno procesiranje informacija. Adaptivno procesiranje znaĉi uspostavljanje adekvatnih asocijacija i pojavu da iskustvo biva konstruktivno ugraĊeno u pozitivne kognitivne i emocionalne sheme pojedinca. Odnosno, oslobaĊa od simptoma i omogućava da se nova iskustva doţive bez blokirajućeg uticaja traume.
Some people doţive traumatic conditions that can not fully describe in words. Many of them never to speak of it as doţivjeli. But the suffering in them continues and the body, and environment, and often pay a huge price. In such cases psychotherapy that uses words of the powerless. Research suggests that a relatively new psychotherapeutic methods desensitization and reprocessing eye movement (EMDR), and can help such people.
When someone has experienced serious psychological trauma, it seems that there is a violation of equilibrium in the nervous system. This equilibrium is possible, and disrupted through a variety of mediators such as adrenaline, serotonin, dopamine, cortisol, etc.. Because of such imbalance prevented the optimal functioning of the system for information processing and information related to traumatic an event such as images, sounds, physical sensations and affects it retains in the dysfunctional, disturbing form. It emerges that there is understanding of neurological balance in different physiological systems, which allows information to be processed on adaptive manner. EMDR works by some traumatized even when the person can not talk about what is preţivjela. What is important is to focus on the traumatic events and to co-operate with the therapist in the process of stimulating the attention of the dual provides adaptive information processing. Adaptive processing means getting the right associations and the emergence of the experience of being a built-in positive constructive cognitive and emotional schemas of the individual. That is, oslobaĊa of symptoms and allows for new experiences doţive without blocking effects of trauma.
Keywords: Doţ ivjeli Preţ ivjela
Accuracy Verified: Yes
141. Gelbach, R. A., & Davis, K. E. B. (2007). Disaster response: EMDR and family systems therapy under communitywide stress. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 387-404). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Disaster is commonly understood as an overwhelming misfortune that is not easily overcome or set right. Though our lives may go on after a disaster, it is virtually certain that they will have been transformed in some profound way. Nevertheless, it is very clear that not all who live through a disaster will be traumatized by it and that only a fraction of survivors will develop trauma-related disorders such as Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Societies that have resources and choose to use them to shore up the infrastructure quickly and effectively will buffer their populations from increasing levels of PTSD. The impact of disasters on family and societal function and intervention priorities are discussed here. Report of the Task Force (2002) of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies is summarized next. The chapter then discusses psychotherapy as a response to disaster. Two approaches to postdisaster psychotherapy that have adapted well in diverse cultural environments are Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 2001) and family systems approaches. The therapy process is presented next. Other topics here include family and cultural considerations and group treatment. A case example is presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Disaster Response Disasters Emotional Trauma Family Systems Therapy Family Therapy Post Disaster Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stress Society Therapy Process
Accuracy Verified: Yes
142. Cotraccia, A. (2008, June). Disorganized attachment in the “worried well”: EMDR in the treatment of adjustment disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will begin with a focus on current Adjustment Disorder literature. This section will highlight
problems of intrapersonal and interpersonal attunement as defined from an Interpersonal Neurobiological
perspective. Furthermore, literature on attachment theory will explore the importance of contingent
communication in the development of an integrated mind. The relevance of intersubjective experience in
adaptive information processing will help participants learn to identify experiences of misattuned communication
as relational trauma. Information processing will further be explored as related to self states. An emphasis on
recognizing “cohesive vs coherent” self states will be made. The understanding of the multiplicity of the mind in
this section will provide a context for considering dissociation from an attachment theory perspective. In addition
the emergence of cohesive and “disaggregated” self states will be highlighted as a result of the disorganized
attachment experience. This particular type of relational trauma will be conceptualized as a betrayal trauma.
Disavowal of self states will be established as salient in the vagueness of presenting complaints in the patient
with an Adjustment Disorder. AIP case conceptualization of Adjustment Disorders will be established and a focus
for the remainder of the workshop. Identification of memory networks associated with disorganized/unresolved
experiences and integration of cohesive self states will follow. The 8 phased 3 pronged protocol or modified egostate
specific targeting will be highlighted with a case study. Participants will learn to organize a treatment plan
around negative cognitions, affects and behaviours reflected in the presenting problem and history.
Keywords: Adjustment Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
143. van der Hart, O., Nijenhuis, E. R. S., & Solomon, R. (2010). Dissociation of the personality in complex trauma-related disorders and EMDR: Theoretical considerations. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(2), 76-92. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.4.2.76.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
As eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been increasingly applied in complex trauma-related disorders, including complex dissociative disorders, and trauma-related borderline personality disorder, EMDR practice may benefit from theories developed to account for the dissociative nature of these disorders, such as the theory of structural dissociation of the personality (TSDP). TSDP postulates that the personality of traumatized individuals is unduly divided in two basic types of dissociative subsystems or parts. One type involves dissociative parts primarily mediated by daily life action systems or motivational systems. The other type involves dissociative parts, fixated in traumatic memories, primarily mediated by the defense action system. The more severe and chronic the traumatization, the more dissociative parts can be expected to exist. This article presents the basics of TSDP, and a second article will provide guidelines for the treatment of complex trauma-related disorders based on this theory.
Keywords: Complex Trauma Dissociation Dissociation of the Personality Dissociative Disorders Integration Ohase-Oriented Treatment Structural Dissociation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
144. van der Hart, O. (2011, March). Dissociation of the personality: The key to understanding chronic traumatisation and a guide to EMDR treatment. Preconference presentation at the 9th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland, Bristol.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
There is currently consensus that the EMDR standard protocol needs to be modified
for chronically traumatized clients, such as clients with complex dissociative disorders, as it may
destabilize them. Therefore, therapists need to have a good understanding of the dissociative
personality structure that exists in these clients. Dissociation is an undue division of the personality
among two or more biopsychosocial systems or “dissociative parts” that comprise the survivor’s
personality. One or more of them function in daily life; others are fixated in traumatic experiences,
are living in trauma-time. The more severe the traumatisation, the more dissociative parts,
involving more complex trauma-related disorders, can be expected to exist. Dissociative parts have
psychobiological boundaries that are maintained, to a large degree, by different trauma-related
phobias, which are systematically resolved in phase-oriented treatment. Indeed, participants will
be able to describe structural dissociation of the personality as a specific form of integrative failure
that needs to be overcome in phase-oriented treatment, identify ways of relating dissociative
symptoms to the underlying dissociation of the personality, and identify targets such as the
dissociation-maintaining phobias, for EMDR interventions in the respective treatment phases. The
emphasis will be on the preparatory work, including how to work with dissociative parts living in
trauma-time and those perceived as being malevolent, necessary before focusing on the integration
of traumatic memories.
Keywords: Dissocation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
145. van der Hart, O. (2010, September/October). Dissociation of the personality: The key to understanding chronic traumatization and its treatment. Plenary presented at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR treatment of complex trauma-related disorders may benefit from a clear understanding of the dissociative nature of these disorders. Dissociation is an undue division of the personality among two or more psychobiological systems or “dissociative parts” that comprise the survivor’s personality. One or more of them function in daily life; others are fixated in traumatic experiences. The more severe the traumatization, the more dissociative parts, involving more complex trauma-related disorders, can be expected to exist. Dissociative parts have psychobiological boundaries that are maintained, to a large degree, by different trauma-related phobias, which should be systematically resolved in phase-oriented treatment. Participants will be able to describe structural dissociation of the personality as a specific form of integrative failure that needs to be overcome in phase-oriented treatment, identify ways of relating dissociative symptoms to the underlying dissociation of the personality, and identify targets for EMDR interventions in each of the three treatment phases in terms of overcoming specific phobias.
Keywords: Chronic Traumatization Plenary
Accuracy Verified: Yes
146. van der Hart, O. (2007). Dissociation: The key to understanding and treating traumitization. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
A precise understanding of trauma-related dissociation is
essential for clinical practice, including the use of EMDR
with traumatized patients. The existence of many conflicting
and vague definitions of dissociation that include a
mixture of constructs has obscured understanding of the
nature of dissociation. Thus, it is viewed alternately as a
process, a structure, a defense mechanism, a deficit, and
as various symptoms. Most contemporary clinicians and
researchers working with traumatized people have lost a
connection with the unifying and comprehensive theory
of trauma-related dissociation already outlined over the
course of the history of psychiatry. Thus, a return to the
original major studies on trauma-related dissociation is
essential in clarifying the concept of dissociation, in reconciling
it with contemporary science, and in realizing
its importance in treatment. The works of two Masters
will be used to highlight this basic concept: Pierre Janet
(1859-1947) and Charles Myers (1873-1947). The theory
of structural dissociation of the personality integrates
their original views on dissociation with modern findings
from clinical practice and research and developments in
the neurosciences. It emphasizes that the personality system
of the trauma survivor becomes structurally divided
into two or more self-conscious psychobiological subsystems.
Some of these subsystems, which we have called
“dissociative parts of the personality”, are engaged in
daily living and avoidance of traumatic memories, other
parts are fixated in traumatic experiences and essentially
engaged in animal defensive actions toward perceived
danger. More severe chronic traumatization leads to more
complex structural dissociation, and thus to more complex
trauma-related disorders. Although short-term, intensive
treatments such as prolonged exposure and EMDR
are appropriate for simple trauma-related disorders, a
phase-oriented treatment is the standard of care formore
complex disorders. Regardless of treatment modalities
employed, be it EMDR or other approaches, therapists
need to be skilled in the recognition of symptoms of dissociation
and in special treatment approaches that support
personality integration among dissociative parts,
particularly in working with traumatic memories.
Keywords: Dissociation Keynote
Accuracy Verified: Yes
147. Fraser, G., & Welburn, K (1999, November). Dissociative table technique: Guided imagery strategy for PTSD with dissociation. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Miami, FL.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In keeping with the theme of bridging gaps across disciplines, the
Dissociative Table Technique brings to this trauma conference a
strategy from the field of dissociative disorders. This therapeutic
adjunct has been used by many therapists over the past 10 years
for managing dissociated ego states in trauma victims who also
have dissociation as part of their clinical picture. This strategy has
been used with dissociative disorders, Ego-State therapy and more
recently in conjunction with EMDR for patients having dissociative
state alterations in addition to their PTSD. This guided
imagery strategy provides a protocol for clinical intervention in
such clients and will provide an additional therapeutic adjunct for
trauma workers when PTSD is complicated by dissociative pathology.
Based on gestalt, guided imagery and hypnosis strategies, the
Dissociative Table Technique assists the clinician to bring order to
the random dissociation which can complicate therapy in such
cases. Also clients can be taught to become aware of and integrate
dissociated ego states. This strategy must be carefully considered as
it can have a profound effect on the dissociative processes. It is
advised that it only be employed by clinicians whose fields permit
hypnosis-based therapy.The workshop will commence with a therapeutic
rationale for this technique followed by an outline of the
clinical application. Included will be a video introducing the technique
in a clinical case. The video will be followed by a second
speaker discussing possible applications to EMDR. Useful suggestions
for utilizing EMDR in this trance-prone population (those
with dissociation in addition to PTSD) will be addressed in addition
to presenting clinical examples in which the Dissociative Table
Technique was integrated with EMDR in appropriate clinical
groups.
Keywords: Dissociative Table Technique Dissociation Guided Imagery Poster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
148. Mills, S., & Hulbert-Williams, L. (2012, September). Distinguishing between treatment efficacy and effectiveness in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Implications for contentious therapies. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 25(3), 319-330. doi:10.1080/09515070.2012.682563.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Research psychologists often complain that practitioners disregard research evidence whilst practitioners sometimes accuse researchers of failing to produce evidence with sufficient ecological validity. We discuss the tension that thus arises using the specific illustrative examples of two treatment methods for post-traumatic stress disorder: eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing and exposure-based interventions. We discuss the contextual reasons for the success or failure of particular treatment models that are often only tangentially related to the theoretical underpinnings of the models. We discuss what might be learnt from these debates and develop recommendations for future research.
Keywords: Clinical Medicine Patient-Centered Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Practice Psychotherapists' Attitudes PTSD Research
Accuracy Verified: Yes
149. Furukawa, D. K. (1998, June). The dive method. EMDRIA Newsletter, 3(2), 26, 31.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
In life, we find that much of what holds us back is fear. This was the theme of the movies, “Defending Your Life,” in which, after dying, the main character must examine his life only to find that he continually made decisions which restrained his personal growth due to his fear and lack of belief in self. Certainly other emotions like shame and guilt, sadness and anger play key parts in the reprocessing of trauma. However, experience has shown that fear is quite often either related to the emotion that is associated with the trauma focus, or the stated emotion turns into fear as reprocessing commences.
Keywords: Dive Method Fear
Accuracy Verified: Yes
150. Becker, L., Todd-Overman, A., Stoothoff, W., & Lawson, P. (1998, July). Do eye movements hinder the avoidance process leading to greater accessibility of traumatic memories?. In Ironic memory, PTSD, and EMDR. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will: 1) learn Wegner's ironic memory process model; 2) learn how the ironic memory process model is related to the DSM-IV symptoms of PTSD; 3) learn that eye movements at different speeds interfere with and interact with the speech process; and 4) learn that eye movements can inhibit the suppression process.
Keywords: Eye Movement Ironic Memory Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Symposium Wegner
Accuracy Verified: Yes
151. Staff. (2004, February 23). Doctor urges Pentagon to endorce EMDR. Mental Health Weekly, 14(8), 7-8.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Presents information related to the endorsement of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing by the U.S. Department of Defense. [Academic Search Premier]
Keywords: Pentagon
Accuracy Verified: Yes
152. Tym, R., Dyck, M., & McGrath, G. (2000, July-August). Does a visual perceptual disturbance characterize trauma-related anxiety syndromes?. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 14(4), 377-394. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(00)00029-3.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The i-test was developed to assess the visual-perceptual disturbances (VPDs) frequently reported by anxious patients. Persons with the disturbance report a specific abnormal illusion of movement when they maintain a fixed gaze at the i-test stimulus. Base rates for positive responses to the i-test and for reports of a "recurrent specific memory" (RSM) of a fear experience were obtained in psychiatric outpatient (n = 301) and community (n = 128) samples. In each case, approximately one fifth of participants had a positive response to the i-test and one fifth of participants reported an RSM of fear. A positive response to the i-test is observed in women more frequently than in men. Among psychiatric patients, approximately 90% of patients who report one symptom also report the other symptom; among community members, the concordance rate is approximately 33%. When psychiatric patients with both an abnormal illusion of movement response and an RSM of trauma are treated with eye movement desensitization, both symptoms are removed in 70% of cases; when these patients undergo some other form of treatment, both symptoms are removed in 30% of cases. These results indicate that the i-test is an effective way of identifying VPDs associated with psychopathologic conditions; the association between the abnormal illusion of movement and reports of recurrent specific memories of fear experiences suggests that the VPD may be a marker of traumatic stress syndromes. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adolescents Adults Assessment Children Depressive Disorders Females Males Injuries Memory Retrieval Techniques Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Somatic Symptoms Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Visual Hallucinations Witnesses
Accuracy Verified: Yes
153. Albright, D. L., & Thyer, B. (2010, February). Does EMDR reduce post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology in combat veterans?. Behavioral Interventions, 25(1), 1-19. doi:10.1002/bin.295.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Prior meta-analyses have suggested that eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) may be effective in alleviating the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). EMDR is now being recommended as a treatment for military combat veterans who suffer from PTSD. We provide a review of published outcome studies that appeared in print from 1987 - April, 2008 which examined the specific effects of EMDR on PTSD among military combat veterans. Studies were identified through electronic bibliographic databases, web sites, and manual searches of article reference lists. A total of six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three quasi-experimental studies met our inclusionary criteria and are reviewed. The evidence supporting the use of EMDR to treat combat veterans suffering from PTSD is sparse and equivocal, and does not rise to the threshold of labeling the therapy as an empirically supported treatment. It is premature to incorporate EMDR into routine care for veterans to alleviate combat-related PTSD. EMDR needs a considerably stronger evidentiary foundation which includes large-scale RCTs involving credible placebo controlled treatment conditions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keywords: Combat Veterans Military Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
154. Shiwa, S., Matsuda, T., & Sasaki, M. (2004, September). Does eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) desensitize painful memories? Research using brain-event-related potentials (ERP). Kodo Ryoho Kenkyu [Japanese Journal of Behavior Therapy], 30(Part 2), 75-86.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
No abstract available.
Keywords: Brain-Event-Related Potentials ERPs Research
Accuracy Verified: Yes
155. Krafona, K. (2010). Does eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) have any utility in intellectual disabilities? Two bereavement case reports. The Ghana International Journal of Mental Health, 2(1).
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) are to some extent discriminated against when it comes to the psychotherapies. The long held belief that individuals with ID do not benefit from such interventions has been attributed in part to communication difficulties, lack of insight and lack of language
sophistication. Yet, it is well known that these individuals are about four-fold at risk of developing mental health problems. Cognitive behavior therapies (CBT) and other related therapies are becoming more recognized in the field of intellectual disabilities. Loss and bereavement is common among people with ID but their exposure to interventions such as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
(EMDR) has been limited. EMDR is a psychological intervention that encompasses many aspects of
traditional therapies such as CBT and psychodynamic therapies. There is little research in this area for people with ID. This paper reports two cases in individuals with intellectual disabilities who were
struggling with bereavement. They appear to have benefited from EMDR sessions and there may be
scope for research to establish its efficacy in this field.
Keywords: Intellectual Disabilities
Accuracy Verified: Yes
156. Tate, K. (2003). Does naturally occurring EMDR-like phenomena in the work environment increase employment risk for survivors of violent crimes?. Mental Health Santuary. Retrieved from http://www.naturalhealthweb.com/articles/tate1.html on 3/29/2013.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a controversial yet exciting therapy that assists many, including survivors of violent crimes to process their experiences so that they can move forward in their healing. The therapist deliberately stimulates left-right brain processing while facilitating an environment similar to that experienced while dreaming. It is particularly effective in treating people with post traumatic stress disorder.
While this carefully constructed set of circumstances is beneficial in the hands of a qualified EMDR practitioner and in a safe environment, is it possible that the very factors which lead to healing in EMDR therapy present themselves unawares outside the clinical environment causing post-traumatic stress episodes? The actual triggers leading to a post traumatic stress episode vary, but perhaps upon inspection a naturally occurring commonality mimicking the EMDR phenomenon is present.
Although eye movements are the most commonly used external stimulus employed by EMDR therapists, they also use auditory tones, tapping, or other types of tactile stimulation. Are there naturally occurring corollaries in the everyday environment which would make it difficult for a survivor of violent crime to function in their day to day duties? Are work tasks unknowingly triggering the beginnings of an EMDR session without the presence of an EMDR practitioner to facilitate the information processing? Is a post-traumatic stress response the result? Survivors of violent crimes are at high risk for employment. Does Naturally Occurring EMDR-Like Phenomena in the Work Environment Increase Employment Risk for Survivors of Violent Crimes?
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Survivors Violent Crimes
Accuracy Verified: Yes
157. Tallis, F., & Smith, E. (1994, May). Does rapid eye movement desensitization facilitate emotional processing?. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32(4), 459-461. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)90010-8 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Recent years have seen considerable interest in rapid eye movement desensitization (REMD), a novel procedure for the treatment of traumatic memories and related conditions. REM is usually administered as a component of a broader therapeutic procedure, now termed eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). On the basis of previous and largely uncontrolled work, it is not clear to what degree therapeutic gains can be attributed exclusively to REMD. Following exposure to a contrived trauma, Ss were allocated to one of three conditions: REMD; slow eye movement desensitization (SEMD); and stationary-imagery (SI; i.e. no eye movement). Emotional processing was significantly impaired in the REMD group compared to the SEMD and SI groups. No significant differences were found between the SEMD and SI groups. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Experimental Stressor Random Clinical Trial RCT Survivors Young Adults
Accuracy Verified: Yes
158. Manfield, P. (2003, September). Don’t go with that!. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
For some elients and in some situations, "Go with that" is not effective. In these situations "go with that" will lead to looping at best, but most
likely to a flat unproductive session or the opposite, an unfinished session with many new and sometimes only loosely related unresolved issues. In this workshop, we will identify these clients and those situations. Using video, structured role play, and transcripts, participants will learn strategies for elaborating targets for these clients that will minimize the occurrence of these situations, and for effectively responding to these situations when they do occur.
Keywords: Go With That Targeting
Accuracy Verified: Yes
159. Shapiro, E., & Laub, B. (2008). Early EMDR intervention (EEI): A summary, a theoretical model, and the recent traumatic episode protocol (R-TEP). Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 79-96. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.79.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article examines existing early EMDR intervention (EEI) procedures, presents a conceptual model, and proposes a new comprehensive protocol: the Recent-Traumatic Episode protocol (R-TEP). A review of research and important professional issues regarding application and parameters are presented. The commonly used EEI protocols and procedures are summarized, with the inclusion of descriptive case examples from the Lebanon war and a review of related research. Then a theoretical model is presented in which traumatic information processing is conceptualized as expanding from a narrow focus on the sensory image (perceptual level) to a wider focus on the event/episode (experiential level) and finally to a broad focus on the theme/identity (meaning level). The relationship of this model to the Recent-Traumatic Episode protocol is articulated and case examples are presented. Theoretical speculations are discussed relating to attention regulation and the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model. Further research is encouraged. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model AIP Cognitive Processes Crisis Intervention Early EMDR Intervention Emergency Room Patients Israel-Hezbollah War Israelis Prevention of PTSD Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Recent Events Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
160. Grey, E. (2009, August). Earning security with EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The experience of safety associated with a secure attachment is essential in promoting social engagement. Social engagement requires the capacity to identify, tolerate and communicate our emotional states. This poster illustrates the pathogenic role that relational trauma plays in thwarting such intrapersonal attunement necessary for interpersonal integration. In particular, disorganized attachment experiences are highlighted as small-t traumas and “touchstone memories” related to “affect phobias”. These phobias are key psychopathological agents that maintain dissociative barriers between components of internal working models of self and other involved in attachment relationships.
Internal working models related to disorganized attachment experiences include segregated information of parent/child interactions in which the parent is the “source and solution of the child’s fright”. The establishment of “trauma coded” internal working models is instrumental in the development of “extra-personal attunement”. As opposed to intrapersonal attunement, extra-personal attunement is characterized by a preoccupation with the feelings, thoughts, and behaviors of others and simultaneous dissociation of one’s own internal experience.
In the wake of such relational trauma, the adaptive information processing system within the individual becomes “corrupt”. The AIP model provides a way to understand the salience of dysfunctionally held information in the brain in thwarting interpersonal attunement and intrapersonal attunement and maintenance of a “corrupt information processing system”. Furthermore, it assists in the clinical navigation of the paths between memory, internal working models, and auto and interactive psychobiological regulation. From a clearer point of view and with an appreciation for the vulnerability of relational misattunement to be traumatic relevant EMDR processing targets can be indentified and targeted. In addition, this AIP conceptualization of relational trauma offers a parsimonious framework within which the effects of trauma can been seen in a variety of psychopathologies.
From adjustment disorders to dissociative identity disorder the feeling of “insecurity” associated with relationships reinforces extra-personal attunement and avoidance of interactive regulation necessary for social engagement. In addition, extrapersonal attunement leads to a preoccupation with the emotional states of others, avoidance of social engagement and substitution of work, play, food, and sex to regulate distress and amplify positive affect.
This poster will offer an Adaptive Information Processing model conceptualization of relational trauma and will outline the role of EMDR in reducing phobic responses to innate affect. It will also highlight the identification and processing of touchstone memories related to disorganized attachment experiences in both the standard EMDR protocol and the adapted “Ego-state specific” protocol. These interventions will be portrayed as necessary components of a comprehensive treatment plan in the treatment of relational trauma. Finally the successful treatment of relational trauma will be depicted as a relevant in promoting intrapersonal attunement necessary for interpersonal integration.
Keywords: Affect Phobias Phobias Relational Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
161. Cotraccia, T. (2009, August). Earning security with EMDR - Promoting social engagement in the wake of relational trauma. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The experience of safety associated with a secure attachment is essential in promoting social engagement. Social engagement requires the capacity to identify, tolerate and communicate our emotional states. This poster illustrates the pathogenic role that relational trauma plays in thwarting such intrapersonal attunement necessary for interpersonal integration. In particular, disorganized attachment experiences are highlighted as small-t traumas and “touchstone memories” related to “affect phobias”. These phobias are key psychopathological agents that maintain dissociative barriers between components of internal working models of self and other involved in attachment relationships.
Internal working models related to disorganized attachment experiences include segregated information of parent/child interactions in which the parent is the “source and solution of the child’s fright”. The establishment of “trauma coded” internal working models is instrumental in the development of “extra-personal attunement”. As opposed to intrapersonal attunement, extra-personal attunement is characterized by a preoccupation with the feelings, thoughts, and behaviors of others and simultaneous dissociation of one’s own internal experience.
In the wake of such relational trauma, the adaptive information processing system within the individual becomes “corrupt”. The AIP model provides a way to understand the salience of dysfunctionally held information in the brain in thwarting interpersonal attunement and intrapersonal attunement and maintenance of a “corrupt information processing system”. Furthermore, it assists in the clinical navigation of the paths between memory, internal working models, and auto and interactive psychobiological regulation. From a clearer point of view and with an appreciation for the vulnerability of relational misattunement to be traumatic relevant EMDR processing targets can be indentified and targeted. In addition, this AIP conceptualization of relational trauma offers a parsimonious framework within which the effects of trauma can been seen in a variety of psychopathologies.
From adjustment disorders to dissociative identity disorder the feeling of “insecurity” associated with relationships reinforces extra-personal attunement and avoidance of interactive regulation necessary for social engagement. In addition, extrapersonal attunement leads to a preoccupation with the emotional states of others, avoidance of social engagement and substitution of work, play, food, and sex to regulate distress and amplify positive affect.
This poster will offer an Adaptive Information Processing model conceptualization of relational trauma and will outline the role of EMDR in reducing phobic responses to innate affect. It will also highlight the identification and processing of touchstone memories related to disorganized attachment experiences in both the standard EMDR protocol and the adapted “Ego-state specific” protocol. These interventions will be portrayed as necessary components of a comprehensive treatment plan in the treatment of relational trauma. Finally the successful treatment of relational trauma will be depicted as a relevant in promoting intrapersonal attunement necessary for interpersonal integration.
Keywords: Poster Social Engagement
Accuracy Verified: Yes
162. Maxfield, L. (2009). Editorial: Looking back, moving forward. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(4), 210. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.4.210.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This issue is our second special issue in 2009, celebrating
20 years of EMDR. First introduced
in 1989 with reports of an important clinical
study by Francine Shapiro, EMDR has developed
from a simple desensitization technique to a comprehensive
psychotherapy approach. Although its research
evidence is primarily related to the treatment
of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), some case
studies and anecdotal reports indicate that EMDR
may also be effective in reducing/eliminating symptoms
related to other disorders, especially those with
an emotionally disturbing etiology.
Keywords: History
Accuracy Verified: Yes
163. de Jongh, A., & ten Broeke, E. (1993). Een nieuwe behandelingsmethode voor angst en trauma's: ‘Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing’ [A new treatment for anxiety and trauma: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing]. Directieve Therapie, 13(2), 78-83. doi:10.1007/BF03060028 .
Language: Dutch
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
In deze bijdrage wordt een beschrijving gegeven van de achtergronden en principes van ‘Eye movement
desensitization and reprocessing’ ( EMDR), een recente ontwikkeling op het gebied van de psychotherapie. Deze
procedure wordt gepresenteerd als een snelle en effectieve behandelmethode voor aan angst gerelateerde klachten,
waaronder posttraumatische stress-stoornissen. Een belangrijk onderdeel van EMDR is dat de therapeut bij de cliënt
een aantal snelle en ritmische oogbewegingen uitlokt door hem te vragen zijn vinger te volgen, terwijl de cliënt een
beeld van de traumatische herinnering in gedachten houdt. Dit zou resulteren in cognitieve veranderingen en een
langdurige vermindering van angst, alsmede een verdwijnen van terugkerende herinneringen en indringende
gedachten. Zoals naar voren komt uit onderzoek en twee gepresenteerde gevalsbeschrijvingen (een geval van
extreme angst voor de tandheelkundige behandeling en een geval van seksueel misbruik), kan EMDR reeds effectief
zijn in slechts één zitting. Het artikel sluit af met evaluatieve opmerkingen en aanbevelingen met betrekking tot het
gebruik van deze behandelingsmethode in de praktijk.
In this article describes the background and principles of "Eye movement
desensitization and reprocessing "(EMDR), a recent development in the field of psychotherapy. This
procedure is presented as a rapid and effective treatment for anxiety-related symptoms,
including post-traumatic stress disorder. EMDR is an important part of the therapist to the client
a number of rapid and rhythmic eye movements provokes him by asking his finger to follow, while a client
image of the traumatic memory in mind. This would result in cognitive changes and a
lasting reduction of anxiety and a loss of recurrent and intrusive recollections
thoughts. As emerges from two studies and presented case studies (one case
extreme fear of dental treatment and one case of sexual abuse), EMDR can already effectively
in only one session. The article concludes with evaluative comments and recommendations regarding the
using this treatment method in practice.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
164. Hornsveld, H., & van den Hout, M. (2010, April). Een serie experimenten naar oogbewegingen en klikjes: Wat werkt beter? [A series of experiments on eye movements and clicks, what works better?]. Presentatie op de suxth congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederlands, Nijmegen, Nederlands.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Er zijn verschillende theorieën over de werkingsmechanismen van EMDR. De belangrijkste theorieën zullen kort worden toegelicht en het wetenschappelijk bewijs ervoor samengevat.
Vervolgens zullen we een serie eigen experimenten presenteren: drie studies bij studenten en één studie bij PTSS- patiënten. In deze experimenten zullen oogbewegingen telkens worden vergeleken met andere taakjes of stimuli. Implicaties voor de theorievorming en voor de klinische praktijk zullen worden bediscussieerd tijdens de workshop aan de hand van stellingen.
Exp 1 laat zien dat de positieve bevindingen voor oogbewegingen (ten opzichte van een controle conditie) ook gevonden worden bij negatieve herinneringen aan een verlieservaring. Dit geeft een empirische basis voor de suggestie dat EMDR ook zinvol toegepast kan worden bij gecompliceerde rouw.
Exp 2 gaat over het werkgeheugen en een eventuele dosis respons relatie. Met andere woorden: geven taken die een grotere belasting voor het werkgeheugen vormen ook grotere SUD-dalingen?
Exp 3 Laat zien dat de werkgeheugenbelasting van oogbewegingen veel groter is dan van de bekende koptelefoon met klikjes. Vervolgens vergelijken we de werkzaamheid van oogbewegingen, klikjes, en een controle-conditie bij studenten die negatieve herinneringen ophalen.
Exp 4 is een klinische studie bij PTSS patiënten, waarbij we oogbewegingen, klikjes en controle (herinneringsbeeld zonder bilaterale stimulatie) met elkaar vergelijken. Verwacht wordt dat de eerste voorlopige data tijdens het congres beschikbaar zijn.
Hornsveld, H., Landwehr, F., Stein, W., Stomp, G., Smeets, M. &. van den Hout, M. (2010). Emotionality of loss-related memories is reduced after retrieval plus eye movements but not after retrieval plus music or retrieval only. Submitted.
Hout, M.A. van den, Engelhard, I.M., Rijkeboer, M., Koekebakker, J., Hornsveld, H. Toffolo, M., & Akse, N. (2010). Eye movements tax working memory, but binaural stimulation does not. Manuscript in preparation.
Hout, M.A. van den,, Engelhard, I., Smeets, M, Hornsveld, H., Hoogeveen, E., de Heer, E. & Rijkeboer, M. ( 2010). Counting during recall: taxing of working memory and reduced vividness and emotionality of negative memories. In press, Applied Cognitive Psychology.
There are several theories about the mechanisms of action of EMDR. The main theories will be briefly explained and summarized the scientific evidence before.
Then we will present a series of own experiments: studies in three students and a study in PTSD patients. In these experiments will be compared with each eye movement or other minor assignments stimuli. Implications for theory and for clinical practice will be discussed during the workshop by means of propositions.
Exp 1 shows that the positive findings for eye movements (compared to a control condition) also found associated with negative memories of a loss experience. This provides an empirical basis for the suggestion that EMDR is also useful can be used for complicated grief.
Exp 2 is about memory and a possible dose response relationship. In other words, tasks that give a greater burden on working memory are also larger SUD decreases?
Exp 3 Shows that the memory load of eye movements is much greater than the known Headphones clicks. Then we compare the efficacy of eye movements, clicks, and a control condition in which students negative memories.
Exp 4 A clinical study in PTSD patients, we eye movements, clicks and control (memory image without bilateral stimulation) compared. It is expected that the preliminary data available at the conference.
Horn Field, H., Landwehr, F., Stein, W., Stump, G., Smeets, M. &. van den Hout, M. (2010). Emotionality or loss-related pleadings Reduced after retrieval plus eye movements but not after retrieval or retrieval plus music only. Submitted.
Wood, M.A. van den, Engelhard, IM, Rijkeboer, M., Koekebakker, J., Horn Field, H. Toffolo, M., & Akse, N. (2010). Eye movements tax working memory, but Does Not binaural stimulation. Manuscript in preparation.
Wood, M.A. van den, Engelhard, I., Smeets, M, Horn Field, H., Hoogeveen, E., Mr. E. Farmer & Rich, M. (2010). Counting consistently recall: Taxing of working memory and Reduced vivid ness and emotionality or negative statements. In press, Applied Cognitive Psychology.
Keywords: Eye Movements Mechanism of Action
Accuracy Verified: Yes
165. Rooijmans, J., Rosenkamp, N. H. G., Vernholt, P., & Visscher, R. A. (2012). The effect of eye movements on craving, pleasantness and vividness in smokers. Social Cosmos, 3(2), 200-214.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The presence of craving is an important factor in continuing smoking. Following the
Elaborated Intrusion (EI) theory of Desire, craving is effective through the formation of
smoking-related mental images. In the current study, craving was generated through the use of
a future personal smoking-related image. Eye movements were observed in accordance with
the Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) intervention. The effect of these
eye movements on craving was investigated. In addition, the effect of eye movements on the
pleasantness and vividness of the image was examined. 36 participants took part in a withinsubjects
design with repeated measures. In line with expectations, perceived craving
decreased immediately after the experimental condition (eye movements) was experienced.
This decrease was not found in the control condition (fixation on a plain wall). After recall of
the smoking-related image, the extra measurement showed that the decrease was temporary.
Contrary to expectations, the degree of pleasantness and vividness did not decrease after eye
movements. In conclusion, the eye movements were found to have only a temporary effect on
craving for cigarettes, and did not result in desensitization of the pleasantness and vividness of
the personal smoking-related images.
Keywords: Craving EI-Theory Eye Movement Smoking
Accuracy Verified: Yes
166. Sugimoto, K. (2010, October). The effect of PTSD treatments after stillbirth: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) combined with hypnotherapy. Presentation at the XVI International Congress of International Society of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, Venice, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Objective: Despite advances in obstetric and neonatal care, many women will experience the birth of stillborn infant or the death of a newborn. Stillbirth is a devastating experience for women, sometimes leads to depression, anxiety, traumatic grief and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There has been very little research examining effective psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress after stillbirth. This study explores the possibility the use of EMDR combined with hypnotherapy in the treatment for post-traumatic stress after stillbirth. Methods: the study consisted of a 'before and after' treatment design combined with follow-up measurements 1-3 years after EMDR treatment. Quantitative data from questionnaires (The impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were collected. In addition, qualitative data from individual interviews with the participants were collected as well. Participants: four out-patient women with post-traumatic stress after stillbirth (three of the four experienced fatal state and emergency caesarean section). Results: Three of the four participants reported reduction of post-traumatic stress after treatment (ranging from two to three sessions) and the beneficial effects remained after 1-3 years. One only took assessment session. Symptoms of intrusive thoughts seemed most sensitive for treatment. Nevertheless, all of the participants have not finished EMDR treatment completely. They were happy at the possibility at working through their stillbirth experience, but not prepared to work with other disturbing memories (feeder memories) in the past. All of the participants were afraid of the influence upon next pregnancy. Conclusion: EMDR combined with hypnotherapy might be a useful tool in the treatment for post-traumatic stress after stillbirth, but we have to take great consideration about the timing of EMDR treatment. Further research is required.
Keywords: Hynotherapy Obstetrics Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Stillbirth
Accuracy Verified: Yes
167. Greenwald, R., & Seubert, A. (2010, September/October). The effect of resolving early memories on the level of distress associated with later memories: Two cases. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Trauma therapists must make clinical judgments about
which memories to target in what order, taking into
account the palticular client's abiiity to tolerate a
potentially challenging trauma-focused session (eg., see
Greenwald, 2007). Greenwald & Schmitt (2008)
previously found that working on an earlier "floated back
to" - presumably thematically related - memory led to
signiiicantly reduced SUDS on the later untreated
memory. However, the participants were non-trearment seeking
therapists, and the reduced SUDS was found
immediately following treatment of the carlier memory.
The questions for thc present study: Does this beneficial effect occur with real clients in
treatment? Does this beneiiciai effect persist over time?
Keywords: Case Report Memories Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
168. Uribe, M. E. R., Ramirez, E. O. L., & Mena, I. J. (2010, May). Effect of the EMDR psychotherapeutic approach on emotional cognitive processing in patients with depression. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13(1), 396-405. doi:10.1017/S1138741600003966.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The current investigation, framed within the emotional cognitive science field, was conducted with three patients with major depression. They participated in a therapeutic process which involved EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing). Data were obtained in the clinical practice through a longitudinal one subject study design, including: emotional valence identification within affective priming experiments; and depressive emotional representation studies, the data of which was analyzed using multidimensional scaling. The first ones had the purpose of observing the therapeutic impact over the emotional cognitive bias mechanism regarding depresogenic words related to traumatic experiences; and the second, to analyze modifications on depressive schemata. The results showed that EMDR had a positive effect both on emotional cognitive processing and on long-term memory conceptual organization. In the discussion section, interesting remarks are made on the incorporation of emotional cognitive science tools to the EMDR clinical practice
Keywords: Depression Emotional Cognitive Processing
Accuracy Verified: Yes
169. Freund, B., Ironson, G., & Bira, L. (2012, October). The effect of three treatments for recent trauma on trauma-related cognitions. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objective: To determine whether (and which) of three brief (4 session) interventions would reduce trauma related cognitions: EMDR, stress management with a trauma focus (SMT), or four sessions of expanded Psychological First Aid (PFA).
Keywords: PFA Psychological First Aid SMT Stress Management with a Trauma Focus
Accuracy Verified: Yes
170. Manfield, P. (2006, September). Effective EMDR targeting with couples. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The workshop begins with a discussion of which clients this technique is appropriate for. The
technique is not recommended for couples in which
either or both partners do not have adequate affect
tolerance, observing ego, or trust of each other's
integrety. Other risk factors for using EMDR in
couples therapy that have been highlighted in other
presentations and literature will be briefly reviewed.
Participants will learn to differentiate between
clients' statements that represent present experience
and those that represent concepts of present
experience or reporting of past experiences.
Participants will be taught specific interventions
which they will practice in guided exercise that
will enable them to facilitate both individuals and
couples to stay in their present experience during
EMDR targeting. Irrational emotional responses
to daily interactions and conflicts are often the result
of unresolved issues resulting from underlying
feeder memories. Participants will learn a simple
method for identifying underlying issues of each
individual partner related to a given conflict. The
final and most substantial portion of this
presentation will be focused on using a refined
"affect bridge" technique to identify the feeder
memories associated with those issues so that they
can be targeted with the standard EMDR protocol.
Specific methods will be taught to overcome
clients' resistance and difficulties with accessing
memories; these methods include use of accessing
cues (re: Neurolinguistic Programming) and
developing eidetics (re: Eidetic Psychotherapy)
These methods will be illustrated using a case
transcript, guided participant experiential exercise, and live demonstration.
Keywords: Couples Couples Therapy Targeting
Accuracy Verified: Yes
171. Dexter, B. A. (2006, September). Effective therapy with military and their families. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Many more families are now affected dramatically
by military service and combat. War is a
disturbing experience for the service member and
the family. Yet military culture is something that
mental health providers do not receive training
on in graduate school. Military medical systems
tend to lead military families to expect certain
services and knowledge when they seek help from
a therapist. If military families are able to utilize military medical facilities they expect they providers to be experts on military culture. It is not neccssary however, for therapists to have served in the military in order to provide high
quality service to military individuals and their
families. The military community is an entire culture with many honorable customs and
traditions. To fail to learn about military culture
when working with military families would be
tantamount to telling a client that ethnic minority
issues were not worthy of therapeutic
consideration. It is more critical now for mental health providers to learn about military culture
because many Activated Reservists, National
Guard and their families will need to receive
mental health services outside of the structured
military mental health setting. There is no one
"central source" for military information needed
by a clinician in order to provide the most effective
therapy. In this workshop we will include up-todate
handouts and referral sources for therapists
serving military families. We will also identify
how to use military culture knowledge to build
rapport and to set up effective targets for EMDR
processing.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
172. Parker, A., & Dagnall, N. (2007, April). Effects of bilateral eye movements on gist based false recognition in the DRM paradigm. Brain and Cognition, 63(3), 221–225. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2006.08.005 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The effects of saccadic bilateral (horizontal) eye movements on gist based false recognition was investigated. Following exposure to lists of words related to a critical but non-studied word participants were asked to engage in 30s of bilateral vs. vertical vs. no eye movements. Subsequent testing of recognition memory revealed that those who undertook bilateral eye movement were more likely to correctly recognise previously presented words and less likely to falsely recognise critical non-studied associates. This result joins other research in demonstrating the conditions in which false memory effects can be attenuated.
Keywords: DRM Paradigm Eye Movements False Recognition
Accuracy Verified: Yes
173. MacCulloch, M. (2006, December). Effects of EMDR on previously abused child molesters: Theoretical reviews and preliminary findings from Ricci, Clayton, and Shapiro. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 17(4), 531-537. doi:10.1080/14789940601075760.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
We publish in this issue a preliminary and tentative account of the reduction of deviant sexual arousal, as measured by phallometry, by eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR). The purpose of this editorial is to show that the conclusions of Davidson and Parker (2001), and the comment by Salkovskis, can now be set aside, and to present our readers with some theoretical thoughts on some of the mechanisms by which EMDR could induce its effects, including trauma reduction. A major bar to the further acceptance of EMDR as a treatment and as an inviting research topic stems from the fact that workers still cannot see how eye movements can cause the reported clinical changes and the increasing number of temporally related psycho-physiological phenomena. This editorial suggests that the organs of computation of the mind have evolved by natural selection to solve problems of survival and, signally, include corollary discharge and feed forward (CD-FF) mechanisms by which they intrinsically function and also interact with one another. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Abused Child Molesters Editorial Pedophilia Physiology Sexual Arousal
Accuracy Verified: Yes
174. Pagani, M., Hogberg, G., Salmaso, D, Tarnell, B., Nardo, D., Sundin, Ö., Jonsson, C., Soares, J., Aberg-Wistedt, A., Jacobsson, H., Larsson, S.A., Hällström, T. (2007, October). Effects of EMDR psychotherapy on 99mTc-HMPAO distribution in occupation-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Nuclear Medicine Communications, 28(10), 757-765. doi:10.1097/MNM.0b013e3282742035.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a derangement of mood control with involuntary, emotionally fraught recollections that may follow deep psychological trauma in susceptible individuals. This condition is treated with pharmacological and/or cognitive therapies as well as psychotherapy with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). However, only a very limited number of studies have been published dealing with work-related PTSD, and investigations on the effect of treatment on cerebral blood flow represent an even smaller number. Aim: To investigate the short-term outcome of occupation-related PTSD after EMDR therapy by 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT. Method: Fifteen patients, either train drivers suffering from PTSD after having been unintentionally responsible for a person-under-train accident or employees assaulted in the course of duty, were recruited for the study. 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT was performed on these patients both before and after EMDR therapy while they listened to a script portraying the traumatic event. Tracer distribution analysis was then carried out at volume of interest (VOI) level using a three-dimensional standardized brain atlas, and at voxel level by SPM. The CBF data of the 15 patients were compared before and after treatment as well as with those of a group of 27 controls who had been exposed to the same psychological traumas without developing PTSD. Results: At VOI analysis significant CBF distribution differences were found between controls and patients before and after treatment (P=0.023 and P=0.0039, respectively). Eleven of the 15 patients responded to treatment, i.e., following EMDR they no longer fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. When comparing only the eleven responders with the controls, the significant group difference found before EMDR (P=0.019) disappeared after treatment. Responders and non-responders showed after therapy significant regional differences in frontal, parieto-occipital and visual cortex and in hippocampus. SPM analysis showed significant uptake differences between patients and controls in the orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann 11) and the temporal pole (Brodmann 38) both before and after treatment. A significant tracer distribution difference present before treatment in the uncus (Brodmann 36) disappeared after treatment, while a significant difference appeared in the lateral temporal lobe (Brodmann 21). Conclusion: Significant 99mTc-HMPAO uptake regional differences were found, mainly in the peri-limbic cortex, between PTSD patients and controls exposed to trauma but not developing PTSD. Tracer uptake differences between responders and patients not responding to EMDR were found after treatment suggesting a trend towards normalization of tracer distribution after successful therapy. These findings in occupational related PTSD are consistent with previously described effects of psychotherapy on anxiety disorders. [PubMed]
Keywords: 99mTc-HMPAO Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
175. Pagani, M., Hogberg, G., Salmaso, D., Nardo, D., Jonsson, C., Danielsson, A.M., Engelin, L., Jacobsson, H., Larsson, S. A., Hallstrom, T., & Sundin, Ö. (2006, September). Effects of EMDR therapy on 99mTc-HMPAO distribution in Post-traumatic stress disorder. Presentation at the European Assocation of Nuclear Medicine Congress, Athens, Greece. European Journal of Nuclear Medical and Molecular Imaging, 33, S169.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a derangement of mood control with emotional trauma recollections that may follow psychological trauma. It is treated with pharmacological and cognitive therapies as well as with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). However, a limited number of studies have been published dealing with job related PTSD, and an even smaller number have assessed the effects of treatment on CBF. The aim of this study was to investigate the short term outcome of occupation based PTSD after EMDR therapy by 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT.
Methods Fifteen patients suffering PTSD after having experienced a person under train accident or having been assaulted at work were included into the study. 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT was performed before and after EMDR therapy while listening to a script portraying the traumatic event. Tracer distribution analysis was performed at VOI level using a 3D standardised brain atlas and at cluster of voxel level by SPM and was subjected to an analysis of treatment as well as contrasted to a group of 27 subjects exposed to the same psychological trauma and not developing PTSD.
Results Eleven of 15 patients responded to treatment, i.e. they did no longer fulfil the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD after EMDR. Overall VOI analysis showed significant differences between, both before and after treatment conditions and controls (p<0.05) but no effect of period, i.e. treatment. However, when contrasting responders to controls the significant group difference present after treatment disappeared, indicating a normalization effect due to successful EMDR treatment.
SPM analysis showed significant uptake differences in orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann 11) and temporal pole (Brodmann 38) before as well as after treatment as compared to controls. A significant tracer uptake group difference present before treatment in uncus (Brodmann 36) disappeared after treatment while a significant difference appeared in lateral temporal lobe (Brodmann 21). No tracer uptake differences were found by SPM as an effect of treatment, nor between the 11 responders and controls.
Conclusion Significant 99mTc-HMPAO uptake differences, mainly in peri-limbic cortex, between PTSD patients investigated before and after EMDR and subject exposed to trauma not developing PTSD were found. Differences between the tracer distribution in patients before and after therapy were not significant neither at SPM nor at VOI analyses but the latter showed at group level an effect of symptom remission on tracer distribution. The findings underscore the validity of psychotherapy in anxiety disorders and confirm the efficacy of SPECT in psychiatry.
[EANM]
Keywords: 99mTc-HMPAO Distribution Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
176. Pagani, M., Hogberg, G., Salmaso, D., Nardo, D., Jonsson, C., Danielsson, A. M., Engelin, L., Jacobsson, H., Larsson, S. A., Hallstrom, T., & Sundin, Ö. (2006, September-October). Effects of EMDR therapy on 99mTc-HMPAO distribution in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Presentation at the European Assocation of Nuclear Medicine Congress, Athens, Greece.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a derangement of mood control with emotional trauma recollections that may follow psychological trauma. It is treated with pharmacological and cognitive therapies as well as with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). However, a limited number of studies have been published dealing with job related PTSD, and an even smaller number have assessed the effects of treatment on CBF. The aim of this study was to investigate the short term outcome of occupation based PTSD after EMDR therapy by 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT. Methods Fifteen patients suffering PTSD after having experienced a person under train accident or having been assaulted at work were included into the study. 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT was performed before and after EMDR therapy while listening to a script portraying the traumatic event. Tracer distribution analysis was performed at VOI level using a 3D standardised brain atlas and at cluster of voxel level by SPM and was subjected to an analysis of treatment as well as contrasted to a group of 27 subjects exposed to the same psychological trauma and not developing PTSD. Results Eleven of 15 patients responded to treatment, i.e. they did no longer fulfil the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD after EMDR. Overall VOI analysis showed significant differences between, both before and after treatment conditions and controls (p<0.05) but no effect of period, i.e. treatment. However, when contrasting responders to controls the significant group difference present after treatment disappeared, indicating a normalization effect due to successful EMDR treatment. SPM analysis showed significant uptake differences in orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann 11) and temporal pole (Brodmann 38) before as well as after treatment as compared to controls. A significant tracer uptake group difference present before treatment in uncus (Brodmann 36) disappeared after treatment while a significant difference appeared in lateral temporal lobe (Brodmann 21). No tracer uptake differences were found by SPM as an effect of treatment, nor between the 11 responders and controls. Conclusion Significant 99mTc-HMPAO uptake differences, mainly in peri-limbic cortex, between PTSD patients investigated before and after EMDR and subject exposed to trauma not developing PTSD were found. Differences between the tracer distribution in patients before and after therapy were not significant neither at SPM nor at VOI analyses but the latter showed at group level an effect of symptom remission on tracer distribution. The findings underscore the validity of psychotherapy in anxiety disorders and confirm the efficacy of SPECT in psychiatry. [EANM]
Keywords: 99mTc-HMPAO Distribution Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
177. Wills, S. M., & Kraber, G. (2001, December). The effects of exposure-based therapy on attitudes about guilt in Vietnam combat veterans. Poster presented at the 17th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
There has long been consistent agreement that guilt has both cognitive and affective
dimensions. Cognitive components of guilt can be seen in the errors of logic and
resulting faulty conclusions that trauma victims often make about their roles in traumatic
events. The present investigation will present outcome data on the Changing Attitudes
About Guilt in a group of Vietnam Combat Veterans who were treated in a 20-week
program that included a combination of Cognitive Processing group therapy and
individual Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR). The ten veterans
participated in a structured, time-limited trauma group in which they addressed issues
peripheral to combat exposure in 20 weekly 90-minute group sessions. Each individual
group member also underwent a minimum of theree individual EMDR sessions to
process traumatic combat experiences. The Kubany Attitudes About Guilt Inventory was
administered at the beginning of the group prior to EMDR sessions and again at the
final session of group. Post-group follow up data is also included in this presentation.
Keywords: Combat Group Therapy Poster Veterans Vietnam
Accuracy Verified: Yes
178. Becker, L., Black-Tanski, D., Nugent, N., & Thede, L. (1999, November). The effects of eye movement on the stream of consciousness. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Miami, FL.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
A recent meta-analysis of PTSD treatments (van Etten & Taylor,
1998) found EMDR to be as efficacious as behavioral and drug
treatments. There is considerable controversy, but little research, on
the underlying mechanisms of EMDR. A conditioning model by
Dyck (1993) suggests that eye movements (EM) effect a distraction
from trauma related thoughts, causing an extinction trial.
According to this model, the distraction of EM should cause
thoughts to be directed outward. A psychodynamic model by Allen
and Lewis (1996) suggests that EM facilitate the formation of new
associations to traumatic memories and allow the client to “remain
in the present while thinking of the past.” This model postulates
that EM cause thoughts to be directed inward. We report two
experiments in which thought processes were studied using a
stream of consciousness (SOC) technique (Singer, 1993). In both
studies, undergraduate participants wrote down a sad (or happy)
target event from their life. They then thought about the target
event and let their thoughts go where they may for 10 minutes. At
approximately 1-minute intervals they were asked to report their
thoughts. The baseline study (n = 42) looked at SOC with eyes
closed; the second study (n = 27) compared SOC with eyes open,
eyes closed, and with EM. Relative the to the eyes-open condition,
EM tended to keep the SOC internally focused. During the last 4
minutes of the SOC, eyes open participants were externally
focused (thoughts about the surroundings) about 50% of time;
EM participants were externally focused 25% of the time; and eyes
closed participants were externally focused 3% of the time, F(1,
11) = 6.08, p = .017. Eye movements produced a blend of external
(eyes open) and internal (eyes closed) thoughts, offering support
to the psychodynamic model.
Keywords: Eye Movement Poster Stream of Consciousness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
179. Farkas, L. (2008, December). The effects of motivation-adaptive skills-trauma resolution (MASTR) - Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on traumatized adolescents with conduct problems. Universite de Montreal, Canada. AAT NR55659.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Objective.- This dissertation explored the effectiveness of a treatment package, Motivation-Adaptive Skills-Trauma Resolution (MASTR) in combination with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). This intervention was assessed in a sample of traumatized adolescents manifesting conduct problems (CPs) admitted to youth protective services. CP adolescents have been found to be particularly treatment-resistant and the treatments used with them often neglect to target the trauma that many of these youths have faced. Therefore, it seemed promising to implement a trauma-focused treatment with these youths that accounts for their resistance to treatment. MASTR-EMDR was studied with this population due to the favorable findings in the few studies assessing its use with high-risk populations. In addition to examining the effects of this treatment with CP youth exposed to various types of trauma, a particular focus was given to victims of sexual abuse (SA). This type of trauma seemed particularly suited for EMDR due to its circumscribed nature, which may be more easily worked through in this treatment that targets one trauma at a time.
Method.- Participants in the first study were 40 adolescents (ages 13-17) exhibiting CPs and exposed to trauma in youth protective services. A subsample (n = 30), consisting of victims of SA, was included in the second study. Participants in both studies were randomly assigned to MASTR-EMDR treatment or to a wait list condition where they were offered routine care. Self-report questionnaires and semi- structured interviews were administered to participants and one of their parents or caregivers by independent evaluators at three points in time: pre-treatment, post-treatment (12 weeks later) and follow-up (12 weeks after post-treatment). These measures evaluated trauma history, trauma-related sequelae, CPs, social competence and internalizing problems. The MASTR-EMDR sessions were administered once a week over a 12 week period, with each session lasting a maximum of 1.5 hours.
Results.- ANCOVAs and repeated measures ANCOVAs were used to assess treatment effects and the maintenance of gains at a 3-month follow-up. As predicted, MASTR-EMDR led to significant gains in outcome measures compared to routine treatment with both samples. In addition, gains were maintained at follow-up.
Conclusions.- This dissertation supports the use of MASTR-EMDR in populations exposed to general trauma and SA who exhibit CPs. This research was innovative in its implementation of a novel treatment-approach in youth protective services, where empirically-supported treatments are necessary and sometimes lacking. Therefore, the results have both clinical and scientific value and can help pave the way toward more trauma-focused treatments for CP youth, more evidence-based practices in youth protective services as well as enrich current understanding of the effects of this treatment approach.[Author Abstract]
Keywords: Conduct Problems Protective Services Psychotherapeutic Techniques Trauma Treatment Outcome Youth
Accuracy Verified: Yes
180. Nijdam, M., Olff, M., & Gersons, B. (2005, November). Effects of psychotherapy on neuropsychological performance in PTSD. Poster presented at the 21st annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Toronto, ON.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Deficits in concentration and memory are some of the most persistent symptoms
of PTSD. Although many studies have investigated neuropsychological
deficits in different trauma populations with and without PTSD, no study to
our knowledge has looked carefully at improvement of neuropsychological
functioning after psychotherapy. In the present study, we randomly assigned
individuals to either Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
therapy (n=60) or Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy (BEP; n=60). Attention and
memory were investigated before and after treatment using the following
neuropsychological tests: Trail Making Test, STROOP task, Verbal Learning
and Memory Test and Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test. Different versions
of the memory tests were administrated at pre- and postassessment in order
to control for learning effects. Preliminary results of treatment completers
are presented, and the clinical relevance of the findings is discussed.
Keywords: Neurobiological Performance Poster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
181. Taylor, J. E., & Harvey, S. T. (2009, September-October). Effects of psychotherapy with people who have been sexually assaulted: A meta-analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14(5), 273–285. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2009.03.006 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This paper presents the results of a meta-analysis of the treatment outcome studies of different types of
psychotherapeutic approaches for sexual assault victims experiencing PTSD or rape trauma symptoms. There
were 15 outcome studies identified for inclusion in the meta-analysis dating from 1988–2005, and these
studies comprised 25 treatment conditions. Separate meta-analyses were conducted according to study
design (independent samples and repeated measures), in keeping with meta-analytic conventions. The
overall results for the two meta-analyses were highly consistent, and effect sizes were in the large range for
independent samples (g=.91) and repeated measures treatments (g=.90). Effects were maintained at
follow-up from 6–12 months after treatment. Studies represented diverse treatment approaches, and most
treatments were effective in improving outcome according to symptom reduction. A number of moderating
variables were examined. Better outcomes were achieved with individual therapy compared to group
approaches. The use of semi-structured approaches and homework techniques were positively related to the
magnitude of effect size. [Science Direct]
Keywords: Meta-analysis Outcome Rape Sexual assault Therapy Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
182. Pastva, A. M. (2008). The effects of rhythmic and arrhythmic eye movements on memory recall. The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA..
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), a therapy that treats many trauma-related disorders by requiring patients to perform rapid eye movements, has raised controversy because it lacks the support of a proven theoretical rationale. A recent theoretical explanation proposes that the eye movements reduce the vividness of the distressing images by disrupting the function of the visuospatial sketchpad (VSSP) of working memory, but support for this model has been weakened by methodological flaws that the current study attempted to overcome. The present study compared the effects of tracking rhythmic and arrhythmic stimuli on the recall of arousing television shock-ads. Eye-movement conditions did not significantly differ in terms of vividness, emotionality, or accuracy of memory as compared to the control condition. Arrhythmic targets increased the negative emotional response and decreased the vividness of the memories, but neither rhythmic nor arrhythmic target patterns produced responses that differed from the control condition. Heart rate recordings taken throughout the study did not suggest that arousal mediates the relationship between eye-movement patterns and vividness. The present study does not support the VSSP theory but provides valuable insights on the direction of future research.
Keywords: Eye Memory Visual perception
Accuracy Verified: Yes
183. Stapleton, J. A., Taylor, S., & Asmundson, G. J. (2006, February). Effects of three PTSD treatments on anger and guilt: Exposure therapy, eye movement sensitization and reprocessing, and relaxation training. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19(1), 19-28. doi:10.1002/jts.20095.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study sought to investigate the efficacy of prolonged exposure, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and relaxation training on trait anger and guilt and on trauma-related anger and guilt within the context of PTSD treatment. 15 PTSD patients completed each treatment and were assessed at posttreatment and at 3-month follow-up. All three treatments were associated with significant reductions in all measures of anger and guilt, with gains maintained at follow-up. There were no significant treatment differences in efficacy or in the proportion of patients who worsened on anger or guilt measures over the course of treatment. Between-treatment effect sizes were generally very small. Results suggest that all three treatments are associated with reductions in anger and guilt, even for patients who initially have high levels of these emotions. However, these PTSD therapies may not be sufficient for treating anger and guilt; additional interventions may be required. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Anger Canadians Exposure Therapy Guilt Longitudinal Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Relaxation Therapy Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
184. Oppermann-Schmid, F. (2010, Oktober). Effektivität der behandlung mit EMDR bei traumafolgestörungen in der allgemeinarztpraxis [Effectiveness of treatment with EMDR for trauma related disorders in the general practice]. EMDRIA Deutschland e.V.Rundbrief, 21, 24-25.
Language: German
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Patienten mit Traumafolgestörungen suchen meistens frühzeitig ihren Hausarzt auf. Das liegt
einerseits daran, dass der Hausarzt in unserem Gesundheitssystem für den Erstkontakt
kurzfristig zur Verfügung steht und gegebenenfalls zum Facharzt weiterleitet. Zum anderen
besteht meist eine langjährige und tragfähige Beziehung: Vertrauen zum Hausarzt seitens des
Patienten und ein guter Einblick in die persönliche und gesundheitliche Situation des Patienten
seitens des Hausarztes.
Patients with traumatic stress disorders often look to their GP early. This is
One reason that the doctor in our health care system for the first contact
available at short notice and, where appropriate, will forward to the specialist. On the other
there is usually a long and lasting relationship: trust on the part of the family doctor
Patients and a good insight into the personal and health situation of the patient
by the family doctor.
Keywords: General Practice Practice Theory Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
185. Bumke, P. J., & Sodemann, U. (2010, July). The efficacy of EMDR in a new context: Some findings from the ACEH survey. Symposium (Carolyn L. Neunuebel, Chair) conducted at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Context: As a response to the Tsunami in 2004 the Aceh Project organized by TraumaAid and sponsored byTDH and the BMZ
from 2007 to 2009 treated more than 3200 clients for psychic disorders related to traumatic experiences .The treatment was
given by Indonesian therapists who against the background of a lack of local therapists trained in psychotraumatology had to
be trained within the project under the auspices of TraumaAid. This combination of EMDR-Training and EMDR-Therapy in an
extremely challenging context also offered an unique opportunity for a parallel and wide ranging monitoring and evaluation
of the social and diagnostic parameters involved. Methodology: To guide the therapeutic process and to check on its long
term efficacy 1200 adults and 1000 children were at the outset of their therapies asked to contribute detailed diagnostic
data. While for adults the Hopkins Anxiety and Depression scales along with a 42-item Harvard Trauma Questionnaire was
administered, children and adolescents up to age of 17 were given an adapted version of the CBCL. At the conclusion of their
therapies 20 % of all respondents were rechecked with the same diagnostic scales, another group of 5 % again after 6 months.
Results: The diagnostic data indicate a dramatic improvement after therapies that involved a range of therapeutic techniques
including stabilising and EMDR protocols. The relation between diagnostic dimensions (intrusions, somatic reactions, social
relations, expression of feelings and attention problems) and social factors (gender, age) was further explored.
Keywords: ACEH Survey
Accuracy Verified: Yes
186. Jayatunge, R. M. (2006). The efficacy of EMDR – A study based on Sri Lankan combatants. New Hope, PA: EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
This paper discusses the therapeutic effects of EMDR or Eye Movement Desensitization
and Reprocessing. EMDR is a relatively new trauma management method that has been
used to treat Sri Lankan combatants with PTSD and other trauma related disorders. The
feasibility of this mode of therapy is summarized. Practical trauma management issues in
the field setups are reviewed and some case examples are provided. EMDR is considered
to be an effective treatment for PTSD and Sri Lankan combat veterans diagnosed with
combat related PTSD (uncontrolled study; 18 males) showed significant improvements
from pre- to posttreatment following EMDR.
Keywords: Combatants Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Sri Lanka
Accuracy Verified: Yes
187. de jongh, A., & van de Oord, H. J. M. (2002). Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of specific phobias: Four single-case studies in dental phobia. Presentation at the 80th General Session of the International Association for Dental Research, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objectives: Several years ago a new treatment for anxiety related problems was introduced, named Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). EMDR combines short exposure periods with an external distracting stimulus. The aim of this study was to examine the applicability of EMDR to trauma-based dental phobia. Methods: EMDR treatment outcome was tested with four dental phobic individuals by means of a single-subject experimental design. Pretreatment assessment included: severity of dental fear (DAS), trauma-related symptomatology (IES), occurrence and believability of negative cognitions (DCQ), and general psychopathology (SCL-90-R). A psychologist administered a clinical interview and a behavior test. Behavior tests were videotaped and rated for observed anxiety level (0-10) by a blind and independent observer. Results: Following two to three sessions of EMDR treatment three of the four patients demonstrated substantially reduced self-reported and observer-rated anxiety, reduced credibility of dysfunctional beliefs, and behavior changes. These gains were maintained at six weeks follow-up. In all four cases the clinical diagnosis present at pretreatment was not present at posttreatment at a clinical level. All patients actually underwent the dental treatment they feared most within three weeks following EMDR treatment. Conclusion: The findings support the notion that EMDR can be an effective treatment alternative for traumatically induced dental phobia.
Keywords: Specific Phobias
Accuracy Verified: Yes
188. Jensen, J. A. (1992). Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing as a treatment for PTSD symptoms of Vietnam combat veterans. University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI. AAT 9221917.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMD/R) was compared with that of a control (no treatment) condition in the treatment of Vietnam combat veterans with postraumatic stress disorder. 27 volunteer subjects were randomly assigned to the EMD/R and control conditions, with 13 EMD/R and 12 control subjects completing the entire study. Two therapists trained in EMD/R, and three trained interviewer/testers contributed in running the study.Prior to random assignment, subjects indicated one PTSD-related goal for the study. They were also assessed on a measure of present PTSD symptoms, a measure of subjective anxiety, and a measure of belief in a positive cognition related to war trauma. They were then randomly assigned to conditions, with EMD/R subjects receiving three treatment sessions within a week. Approximately 17 days after the initial assessment, each subject was retested on the measures of PTSD symptoms, subjective anxiety, and of the desired positive cognition. At this time, goal attainment was also assessed, and another general PTSD instrument was given. Statistical analysis of both test-retest and posttest only measures indicated a general lack of effectiveness of EMD/R with the subjects in this study. While EMD/R was effective and statistically superior to the control condition in reducing in-session subjective anxiety, neither condition was effective in improving scores on the two PTSD symptom measures, in contributing to goal attainment, or in increasing subjects' beliefs in their stated desired positive cognition regarding war trauma. This study's lackluster results are in sharp contrast to the considerable success reported in Shapiro'soriginal EMD/R study incorporating few combat veterans. With certain procedural diversions acknowledged, this study's findings provide little support for widespread use of EMD/R as an intervention for Vietnam combat veterans' PTSD symptoms. Implications are that combat veterans with PTSD may comprise a population with distinctly chronic and disturbing symptomotology, and that the brief and novel EMD/R procedure may not be successful with such a population. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Americans Males Middle Aged Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Veterans Vietnam War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
189. de Jongh, A., van den Oord, H., & ten Broeke, E. (2002, December). Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of specific phobias: Four single-case studies on dental phobia. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(12), 1489-1503. doi:10.1002/jclp.10100.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A series of single-case experiments was used to evaluate the application of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) to traumatically induced dental phobia. Following two to three sessions of EMDR treatment, three of the four patients demonstrated substantially reduced self-reported and observer-rated anxiety, reduced credibility of dysfunctional beliefs concerning dental treatment, and significant behavior changes. These gains were maintained at six weeks follow-up. In all four cases, the clinical diagnosis present at pretreatment was not present at posttreatment at a clinical level. All patients actually underwent the dental treatment they feared most within three weeks following EMDR treatment. The findings support the notion that EMDR can be an effective treatment alternative for phobic conditions with a trauma-related etiology. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Case Report Dental Procedures Females Follow-up Study Males Phobia Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Young Adults
Accuracy Verified: Yes
190. Lytle, R. A., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Borkovec, T. D. (2002). Efficacy of eye movement desensitization in the treatment of cognitive intrusions related to a past stressful event. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 16(3), 273-288. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(02)00099-3.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Much of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) efficacy research has been widely criticized, limiting scientific understanding of its therapeutic components. The present investigation of Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD) effectiveness included undergraduate students reporting current intrusive cognitions concerning a traumatic event. Forty-five participants received a single treatment session of either: (a) EMD, as described by Shapiro [J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry 20 (1989b) 211], (b) an identical procedure which employed eye fixation on a stationary target, or (c) non-directive counseling. Standardized self-report, subjective rating, Daily Diary, and intrusive thought sampling measures were collected before and after treatment. Results indicated that participants in the eye fixation group reported marginally (p<.052) fewer cognitive intrusions than the non-directive group 1 week following treatment. No significant differences between the EMD and non-directive conditions or between the EMD and eye fixation conditions on this measure were found. During the treatment session, both desensitization groups were superior to the non-directive group in reducing reported vividness of the mental image of the original event. However, the non-directive group improved to the level of the two other groups by the following week. Rapid saccadic eye movements were therefore unrelated to immediate treatment effects for this sub-clinical sample, and non-directive treatment largely yielded eventual outcomes equivalent to the two desensitization conditions (Pilots).
Keywords: Biologic Markers College Students Intrusive Thoughts Negative Therapeutic Reaction Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Witnesses
Accuracy Verified: Yes
191. Renfrey, G. (1993). The efficacy of eye movement desensitization in the treatment of trauma related imagery and cognitions: A partial dismantling procedure. Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo MI. AAT 9412220.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
This study investigated the effects of eye movement desensitization (EMD) on post-traumatic sequelae, and attempted a partial dismantling of the procedure to determine the necessity of EMD's characteristic eye movements. 23 persons participated in three groups: (1) those receiving standard EMD, (2) those receiving a variant of EMD in which eye movements were engendered through a light tracking task, and (3) those receiving a variant of EMD in which fixed visual attention replaced eye movements. All participants had experienced traumata as defined by the DSM-III-R and were having intrusive symptoms of PTSD at pre-treatment. All but two met full DSM-III-R criteria for PTSD. Each received two to six treatment sessions.Dependent variables included heart rate changes, subjective units of distress ratings, validity of both initial and targeted trauma-related cognitions during trauma-related imagery, overall frequency and intensity scores on the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, anxiety and depression T-scores on the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R), and scores on the Impact of Events Scale. Assessments were conducted at pre- and post-treatment and at a one- to three-month follow-up. All three interventions produced significant, positive changes in all dependant measures between pre- and post-treatments. Further, these changes were maintained at follow-up. No significant differences between groups were observed. These changes were of comparable magnitude to those reported elsewhere, but were brought about through a greater number of treatment sessions. It was concluded that EMD does bring about fairly rapid therapeutic changes in those post-traumatic sequelae measured, though not as efficiently as most previous reports have suggested. Further, it was concluded that the eye movements peculiar to EMD are not a necessary component of the procedure. The similarities and differences between the present findings and previous reports are discussed, as are the limitations and implications of the present study. Recommendations for future work are made. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Clinical Trial Partial Dismantling Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
192. Shapiro, F. (1989, April). Efficacy of the eye movement desensitization procedure in the treatment of traumatic memories. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2(2), 199-223. doi:10.1007/BF00974159.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the recently developed Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD) procedure on traumatic memory symptomatology. 22 subjects suffering from symptoms related to traumatic memories were used in the study. All had been victims of traumatic incidents concerning the Vietnam War, childhood sexual molestation, sexual or physical assault, or emotional abuse. Memories of the traumatic incident were pivotal to the presenting complaints which included intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, sleep disturbances, low self-esteem, and relationship problems. Dependent variables were (1) anxiety level, (2) validity of a positive self-statement/assessment of the traumatic incident, and (3) presenting complaints. These measures were obtained at the initial session and at 1- and 3-month follow-up sessions. The results of the study indicated that a single session of the EMD procedure successfully desensitized the subjects' traumatic memories and dramatically altered their cognitive assessments of the situation, effects that were maintained through the 3-month follow-up check. This therapeutic benefit was accompanied by behavioral shifts which included the alleviation of the subjects' primary presenting complaints. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Americans Anxiety Combat Incest Memories Molestation Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial Rape RCT Survivors Trauma Veterans Vietnam War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
193. Stapleton, J. A., Taylor, S., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2007, Spring). Efficacy of various treatments for PTSD in battered women: Case studies. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 21(1), 91-102. doi:10.1891/088983907780493287.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Spousal abuse and other forms of domestic violence can lead to PTSD. Little is known about how to best treat this form of PTSD. The current case series, based on data collected as part of a larger clinical trial, was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of exposure therapy, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), or relaxation therapy. 3 women with battered-spouse-related PTSD were assigned to one of these treatments. The patient receiving exposure responded well to treatment and no longer met the criteria for PTSD at post-treatment or at 3-month follow-up. The battered women in the other two conditions continued to meet the criteria for PTSD at post-treatment and at follow-up. The patterns of treatment response were similar to those experienced by individuals with other forms of PTSD (N = 42) examined in the larger trial. The results of these case studies encourage further studies of exposure therapy for battered-spouse-related PTSD. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Battered Women Canadians Exposure Therapy Domestic Violence Empirical Study Females Follow-Up Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Quantitative Study Relaxation Training Spouse Abuse Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
194. de Jongh, A., & ten Broeke, E. (2001, March). An efficient way of targeting traumatic material. EMDRIA Newsletter, 6(1), 4.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Besides the correct application of the basic EMDR protocol,
one of the most important factors involving the treatment of
trauma related conditions, is the way the traumatic material is
targeted. For example, if clients have trouble processing, this could
be due to a lack of focus which prevents the client from successfully
tapping into his memory network. It’s our experience that, to
adequately tap into the memory network, it is most useful to use a
somewhat different strategy for ‘going back to target’ than which is
described as part of the standard EMDR procedure. We would
recommend the following procedure (see Box I).
Keywords: Targets
Accuracy Verified: Yes
195. Raju, K. (2005). Ego strengthening and eye movement desensitization reprocessing in post traumatic stress disorder. Medical Journal Armed Forces of India, 61, 289-290.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety
disorder, which occurs after exposure to
overwhelming stress like combat, rape, serious
accidents, violent crime and other catastrophic events.
The essential characteristics of the condition are
recurrent intrusive memories, images, thoughts or
dreams of the trauma, persistent arousal, emotional
numbing and avoidance of the situations reminiscent of
the trauma. 15-20% of individuals experiencing significant
trauma are known to develop PTSD [1]. Although
anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, antipsychotic and
antidepressant drugs have been tried, none have been
consistently associated with improvement [2]. Eye
Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) is
being increasingly utilized as a valid method of treatment
for this distressing condition [3-7]. Ego Strengthening
(ES) is a sequence of simple psychotherapeutic
suggestions given under hypnosis [8]. A long standing
case of PTSD treated with EMDR and ES is reported.
Keywords: Case Report Ego Strengthening Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
196. de Jongh, A., ten Broeke, E., & van der Meer, K. (1995). Eine neue entwicklung in der behandlung von angst und traumata: “Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)” [A new development in the treatment of anxiety and trauma: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)]. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie, Psychopathologie und Psychotherapie, 43(3), 226-233.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Dit artikel presenteert een nieuwe ontwikkeling op het gebied van de psychotherapie: Eye-Movement Desensibilisatie and Reprocessing (EMDR). Dit recent ontwikkelde procedure belooft snelle en effectieve behandeling van angst-gerelateerde klachten, met inbegrip van PTSS (DSM-III-R). In essentie leidt de therapeut een serie van snelle en ritmische oogbewegingen. EMDR vergemakkelijkt cognitieve veranderingen en blijvende daling van de angst. Zoals aangegeven door middel van onderzoek en geďllustreerd door casuďstiek, kan EMDR effectief te zijn in een sessie. Tot nu toe is er geen definitieve verklaring voor de effectiviteit van deze methode. [Auteur Abstract]
This article presents a new development on the field of psychotherapy: Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). This recently developed procedure promises rapid and effective treatment of anxiety related complaints, including PTSD (DSM-III-R). In essence the therapist induces a series of rapid and rhythmic eye-movements. EMDR facilitates cognitive changes and lasting decrease of anxiety. As indicated by research and illustrated by case histories, EMDR can be effective in one session. Until now there is no definitive explanation for the effectiveness of this method. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adult Anxiety Disorders Dental Procedures Females Males Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
197. Sack, M., Lempa, W., & Lamprecht, F. (1999). Eine neue psychotherapeutische behandlungsmethode für patienten mit posttraumatischer belastungsstörung: EMDR. Behandlungsdurchführung und ergebnisse einer pilotstudie [A new psychotherapy treatment for patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: EMDR. Treatment implementation and results of a pilot study]. Psychomed, 11, 164-169 .
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Nicht erst seit dem Zugunglück von Eschede und den damit im Zusammenhang stehenden Medienberichten wird zunehmend auch in der Öffentlichkeit bekannt, daß psychische Traumatisierungen zu einer tiefen und anhaltenden Verletzung des Gefühls der persönlichen Sicherheit und Unverletzbarkeit führen können. Dies wird oft wie ein Riß im Selbstverständnis oder wie ein Zusammenbruch des persönlichen Weltbildes beschrieben. Plötzlich wird die Welt als bedrohlich erlebt. Der Betroffene fühlt sich schutzlos und ausgeliefert. Typische Symptome, die in der Folge von belastenden Ereignissen auftreten, sind Schlafstörungen und Alpträume, quälende Wiedererinnerungen, Ängste und situationsbezogenes Vermeidungsverhalten sowie erhöhte Schreckhaftigkeit und Konzentrationsstörungen. Normalerweise bilden sich diese Symptome innerhalb einiger Tage bis einiger Wochen zurück. Bleiben diese psychischen und psychosomatischen Beeinträchtigungen jedoch bestehen, so ist bei einem Vorliegen von länger als 3 Monaten eine Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung zu diagnostizieren.
In den letzten Jahren wurde die Forschung über Traumafolgen erheblich intensiviert. Es wurden neue Erkenntnisse gewonnen, die dazu beigetragen haben, daß die psychotherapeutischen Verfahren zur Behandlung traumatisierter Menschen erheblich verbessert werden konnten. Seit vier Jahren behandelt die Abteilung Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie der MHH Menschen mit Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen im Rahmen einer Traumasprechstunde und erforscht die psychischen und biologischen Auswirkungen von Traumatisierungen.
Epidemiologie
Nach Ergebnissen einer Vielzahl von epidemiologischen Studien, ist die Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (Posttraumatic stress disorder, kurz PTSD) infolge von Traumatisierungen in der Kindheit oder im späterem Leben, eine in ihrer Häufigkeit und sozioökonomischen Bedeutung lange unterschätzte Erkrankung. Unter Zugrundelegen der Diagnosekriterien der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung nach DSM-III-R liegt die Lebenszeitprävalenz in den USA für beide Geschlechter bei 7,8 Prozent bis 12,3 Prozent, wobei etwa doppelt so viele Frauen betroffen sind wie Männer (5). Für die deutsche Bevölkerung gib es noch keine epidemiologisch gesicherten Prävalenzzahlen, aber die Bedeutung von "Traumatisierungen" für die Entstehung oder für die erhebliche Verschlechterung psychischer Störungen wird immer deutlicher. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist die lebhafte Diskussion in den Medien über die psychischen Folgen von Traumatisierungen für Unfallopfer und Rettungskräfte in der letzten Zeit.
Die empirischen und klinischen Befunde zu Traumatisierungen in der Kindheit haben Egle, Hoffmann & Joraschky jüngst in einer Monographie zusammengestellt (1). Danach ist die Rolle von Vernachlässigung, Mißbrauch und Mißhandlung für eine Reihe von psychischen Störungen wie Selbstverletzendem Verhalten, Borderline-Störungen und Dissoziativen Störungen mittlerweile unstrittig und scheint auch für Subgruppen von Patienten mit Eßstörungen, Angststörungen, Persönlichkeitsstörungen und Somatisierungsstörungen von erheblicher Relevanz zu sein.
Weit unterschätzt ist zudem die Häufigkeit von Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen infolge von Unfällen oder Einsätzen in Krisengebieten. 20 Jahre nach dem Vietnamkrieg leiden noch immer ca. 15 Prozent aller Vietnamkriegsveteranen an einer PTSD. Opfer von Gewaltverbrechen und Überfällen sowie auch Zeugen von Gewalttaten, wie z.B. Rettungspersonal und Feuerwehrangehörige, stellen eine weitere Risikogruppe für die Entwicklung einer PTSD dar.
Not since the train wreck of Eschede and the related media reports, is increasingly known to the public that psychological trauma can lead to a deep and persistent breach of the feeling of personal safety and invulnerability. This is often described as a crack in the self or as a breakdown of the personal worldview. Suddenly the world is experienced as threatening. The person concerned feels defenseless and delivered. Typical symptoms that occur as a result of stressful events are insomnia and nightmares, distressing recollections, fears and situational avoidance behavior and increased nervousness and difficulty concentrating. Usually these symptoms are back within a few days to a few weeks. But they remain psychological and psychosomatic disturbances exist, so with a presence of more than 3 months is a post-traumatic stress disorder to diagnose.
In recent years, research on consequences of trauma was significantly intensified. It gained new insights that have contributed to the psychotherapeutic method for the treatment of traumatized people could be greatly improved. For four years, the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, MHH treats people with post-traumatic stress disorder in a trauma clinic and explores the psychological and biological effects of trauma.
Epidemiology
According to results of a large number of epidemiological studies, post-traumatic stress disorder (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD short) as a result of trauma in childhood or in later life, a decrease in frequency and socio-economic importance of long underestimated disease. Inter alia with the diagnostic criteria of posttraumatic stress disorder according to DSM-III-R lifetime prevalence in the U.S. is for both sexes at 7.8 percent to 12.3 percent, with about twice as many women are affected as men (5). For the German people give it no epidemiological prevalence data secure, but the meaning of "trauma" in the development or for the serious deterioration of mental disorders is increasingly clear. An example is the lively discussion in the media about the psychological consequences of trauma for victims and rescue workers in recent times.
The empirical and clinical findings concerning traumatic experiences in childhood have Egle, Hoffmann & Joraschky recently compiled in a monograph (1). Then disorders the role of neglect, abuse and mistreatment for a number of mental disorders such as self-injurious behavior, borderline disorders and dissociative now undisputed, and appears to be for subgroups of patients with eating disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders and somatization disorders is of considerable relevance.
Also greatly underestimated the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder as a result of accidents or operations in critical areas. 20 years after the Vietnam War still suffer about 15 percent of Vietnam War veterans in a PTSD. Victims of violent crimes and robberies, as well as witnesses of violence, such as Rescue workers and firefighters, are another risk group for the development of PTSD dar.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
198. Grbesa, G., Simonovic, M., & Jankovic, D. (2010, April). Electrophysiological changes during EMDR treatment in patients with combat-related PTSD. Annals of General Psychiatry, 9(Supplement 1), S209. doi:10.1186/1744-859X-9-S1-S209.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
1st International Congress on Neurobiology and Clinical Psychopharmacology and European Psychiatric Association Conference on Treatment Guidance
Background
Efficiency of the EMDR procedure is based on a presumption of neuropsychological changes in therapeutic process.The aim of the investigation is to scann and give evidence of electroactivity changes, during the process of EMDR procedure and after finishing it.
Materials and methods
We have recorded a continual polygraph EEG, before, during and after EMDR therapy, in patient with combat-related PTSD.
Results
Before the treatment, EEG recorded basic activity of low voltage (attenuation) of 20 μV, frequency of beta range (17-26 Hz), bioccipital, with no pathologic activity. Patient had prominent vegetative symptoms (anxiety, heart rate 100/min). Background activity immediately after the treatment records the amplitude values of around 50 μV, frequency of around 11-12 Hz. After the end of the treatment background activity possesses the amplitude value of about 37 μV, holding the persistence in frequency.
Conclusions
If the EMDR treatment is successful, sudden increase of amplityde activity is noted imensly. This sharp border line, which signifies normal activity, appears in 2-3 seconds affter the desensitize phase. The investigation suggest that from neurophysiological point of view, cortex (in EMDR procedure), works according to the principle "all or nothing". If there is processing of traumatic memory, the activity gets completly normal. If the therapy is not successful, there are numerous artefacts, because of increased muscle activity. This kind of activity, in our investigation is marked as "Artefact therapy".
The results, indicate maintaining low level of amplitude values of electrocortical activities during the treatment, as well as increase after successful treatment. The increase of amlitude is corelated to decrease of anxiety after the successful treatment.
Acknowledgements
The results, indicate maintaining low level of amplitude values of electrocortical activities during the treatment, as well as increase after successful treatment. The increase of amlitude is corelated to decrease of anxiety after the successful treatment.
References
EEG Asymmetry and its Clinical Correlates in PTSD, Steven Silverstein, Stewart Shankman Lea Williams, Patrick Hopkinson, Richard Bryant
Keywords: Combat Electrophysiological Change Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
199. Oren, U. (2002, November). EMDR. פסיכואקטואליה(Psychoactualia).
Language: Hebrew
Format: Journal
Abstract:
היא שיטת טיפול אינטגרטיביתEMDR ( Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) היא שיטת טיפול אינטגרטיבית שהוכיחה את יעילותה בטיפול במגוון של תלונות נפשיות הקשורות בין היתר לטראומה ולחרדה. מחקרים רבים מראים ששיטת EMDR מסוגלת להביא לעיבוד מהיר של זכרונות טראומטיים, המביאים לשינויים קוגניטיביים ורגשיים יציבים, ולהקלה ניכרת בסימפטומים התנהגותיים-גופניים. השיטה פותחה בסוף שנות ה-80 על ידי הפסיכולוגית האמריקנית ד"ר פרנסין שפירו ומאז עברו את ההכשרה עשרות אלפי מטפלים בכל העולם, ומתוכם למעלה מ- 750 מטפלים בישראל.
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a method of handling the tremendous attested the effectiveness in treating a variety of complaints related psychological trauma, among others. Many studies show that EMDR able to bring quick processing of traumatic memories, leading to changes in a stable, and emotional and behavioral-physical symptoms significantly.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
200. Konuk, E., & Ergun, B. M. (2012, June). EMDR & complex post traumatic stress disorder [EMDR y Trastorno por estrés post-‐traumático complejo]. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Complex
Post
Traumatic
Stress
Disorder
(C-‐PTSD)
is
a
psychological
injury
that
results
from
protracted
and
repeated
exposure
to
traumatic
stressor.
Though
the
literature
in
recent
years
presented
and
published
papers
on
C-‐PTSD,
the
category
is
under
consideration
for
inclusion
in
DSM
or
ICD.
PTSD
descriptions
fail
to
capture
some
of
the
core
elements
of
C-‐PTSD.
Such
elements
include
captivity,
psychological
fragmentation,
the
loss
of
a
sense
of
safety,
trust,
and
self-‐
worth,
as
well
as
the
tendency
to
be
re-‐victimized,
and
the
loss
of
a
coherent
sense
of
self.
It
is
this
loss
of
a
coherent
sense
of
self,
and
the
ensuing
symptom
profile,
that
most
pointedly
differentiates
C-‐PTSD
from
PTSD.
Six
clusters
of
symptom
have
been
suggested
for
diagnosis
of
C-‐PTSD.
These
are;
1. Alterations
in
regulation
of
affect
and
impulses
2. Alterations
in
attention
or
consciousness
3. Alterations
in
self-‐perception
4. Alterations
in
relations
with
others
5. Somatization
6. Alterations
in
systems
of
meaning
The
aim
of
this
workshop
is
to
present
C-‐PTSD
and
the
use
of
EMDR
treatment
of
a
severely
disturbed
young
woman
with
unfinished
bereavement
for
her
mother
lost
10
years
ago,
series
of
sexual
abuse
by
12
persons,
rejection
and
emotional
abuse
by
close
family
members.
The
case
will
be
presented
via
DVD
recordings
of
sessions.
El
trastorno
por
estrés
post-‐traumático
complejo
(C-‐TEPT)
es
una
lesión
psicológica
consecuencia
de
una
exposición
prolongada
y
repetida
a
un
estresor
traumático.
Si
bien
la
literatura
ha
presentado
y
publicado
trabajos
sobre
C-‐TEPT
en
los
últimos
ańos,
la
categoría
se
encuentra
sometida
a
debate
para
su
inclusión
en
el
DSM
o
CIE.
Las
descripciones
de
TEPT
no
captan
algunos
de
los
elementos
esenciales
de
C-‐
TEPT.
Dichos
elementos
incluyen
la
fragmentación
psicológica,
la
pérdida
de
una
sensación
de
seguridad,
confianza
y
valor
propio
de
la
persona,
así
como
la
tendencia
a
sufrir
nuevas
victimizaciones
y
la
pérdida
de
un
sentido
coherente
del
yo.
Es
precisamente
esta
pérdida
un
sentido
coherente
del
yo
y
el
perfil
sintomatológico
consecuente,
lo
que
diferencia
más
marcadamente
el
C-‐TEPT
del
TEPT.
Se
han
planteado
los
siguientes
seis
grupos
(“clusters”)
de
síntomas
para
el
diagnóstico
de
C-‐TEPT:
1. Alteraciones
de
la
regulación
del
afecto
e
impulsos
2. Alteraciones
de
la
atención
o
conocimiento
3. Alteraciones
de
la
auto-‐percepción
4. Alteraciones
de
las
relaciones
con
terceros
5. Somatización
Alteraciones
de
los
sistemas
de
significado
El
objetivo
que
persigue
este
taller
es
el
de
presentar
el
C-‐TEPT
y
el
empleo
del
tratamiento
con
EMDR
de
una
joven
gravemente
perturbada
con
duelo
incompleto
por
la
pérdida
de
su
madre
hacía
10
ańos,
una
serie
de
abusos
sexuales
por
parte
de
12
personas,
el
rechazo
y
abuso
emocional
por
parte
de
familiares
cercanos.
Se
presentará
el
caso
mediante
las
grabaciones
en
DVD
de
las
sesiones.
Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder C-PTSD Complex PSTD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
201. Carlson, J. G., Chemtob, C. M., Rusnak, K., Hedlund, N. L., Muraoka, M. Y., Saitou, Y., & Saitou, I. (1997). EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) for combat related post-traumatic stress disorder. Japanese Journal of Biofeedback Research, (24), 50-64.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Studied the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Human Ss: 35 male American adults (aged 41-70 yrs) (PTSD) (34 Vietnam War veterans and 1 Korean War veteran). Tests used: The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (D. D. Blake et al, 1995), the restandardized MMPI, the Mississippi Scale for Combat Related PTSD (T. M. Keane et al, 1988), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Impact of Events Scale and the Initial Screening Questionnaire. Treatments: 10 Ss were administered 12 EMDR sessions, 13 Ss were administered 12 sessions of biofeedback and relaxation, and 12 Ss were administered standard treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Combat Empirical Study Military Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
202. Kavakci, O., Dogan, O., & Kugu, N. (2010, September). EMDR (Göz hareketleri ile fuyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme): Psikoterapide farklı bir deçenek [EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing): A different option in psychotherapy]. Düşünen Adam Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi, 23(3), 195-205.
Language: Turkish
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Göz hareketleriyle duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme (EMDR: Eye Movement Desensitization and
Reprocessing), son yıllarda oldukça ilgi çeken terapi yöntemlerinden biridir. Bu ilginin bir nedeni, özellikle
Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu (TSSB) tedavisindeki etkinliğinin pek çok çalışma ile gösterilmiş olmasıdır.
EMDR, bilgi işleme süreçlerini kolaylaştıran ve travmatik anı parçalarının bütünleşmesini sağlayan yenilikçi
bir terapi yöntemidir. Bu yaklaşımla bilginin gelecekte daha iyi işlevsellik sağlayacak şekilde işlenmesi sağlanır.
Son yıllarda, tedavi kılavuzlarında ve meta analizlerinde EMDR, önerilen tedaviler arasında belirtilmektedir.
Travma ve sonrası bozuklukların görülme sıklığı oldukça yüksektir. Buna karşın, Türkçe alanyazında bu
bozuklukların tedavi seçenekleri ile ilgili yayınlar oldukça sınırlıdır. EMDR’nin etki mekanizması henüz tam olarak
aydınlanmamıştır. Shapiro bir uyumsal bilgi işleme modeli önermiştir. Daha sonra, çeşitli araştırmacılar
laboratuvar ve görüntüleme yöntemlerine dayanan çeşitli nörobiyolojik modeller önermişlerdir. Bu çalışmada,
EMDR ve sekiz evresi açıklanmış, bir olgu örneği, seans kayıtları ile sunularak uygulaması gösterilmiş ve
bu tekniğin çalışma biçimi açıklanmış, etki mekanizması ile ilgili önerilen nörobiyolojik modeller özetlenmiş,
Türkiye’de EMDR ile yapılan az sayıdaki yayın gözden geçirilmiştir. Bu tekniğin ruh sağlığı çalışanlarının uygulamalarına
daha çok girmesi, hem uygulayıcıların psikiyatrik bozukluklar üzerindeki yetkinliklerini arttıracak hem
de travma ve benzeri bozukluklardan yakınan hastalara hızlı iyileşme şansı verecektir.
In recent years, there has been an interest in using the EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and
Reprocessing) therapy. One of the reasons for this interest may be its effectiveness shown by numerous
studies, especially, conducted with individuals who suffer from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
The EMDR is known to be an innovative approach that accelerates information processing and facilitates
the integration of fragmented traumatic memories. This process is stated to allow better integration of
the information that a person has to handle in the future. Recent practice guidelines and meta-analyses
have designated the EMDR as a first-line treatment for trauma. Although the prevalences of trauma
and trauma related disorders are high in Turkey, there has been a limited number of published studies
highlighting treatment options. The EMDR’s mechanism of action has not yet been fully explained. Shapiro
has proposed an adaptive information processing model. Later, based on laboratory and neuroimaging
methods, a number of neurobiological models have been suggested. The present study explained the
EMDR and its eight-phases. A case example with session records was provided to show the application
and operation of the technique. After that, leading neurobiological models which attempt to explain the
mechanisms of action of the EMDR were summarized. Finally, few studies conducted in Turkey using the
EMDR were reviewed. Given the effectiveness of the EMDR regarding trauma and related disorders, the
utilization of the technique by a broad number of mental health professionals may not only increase the
professionals’ competency on psychiatric disorders, but also may provide patients suffering from these
disorders a chance to recover in a relatively short period of time.
Keywords: Neurobiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
203. Fernandez, I. (2008). EMDR after a critical incident: Treatment of a tsunami survivor with acute posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 156-159. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.156.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Research indicates that EMDR is effective for the treatment of PTSD, with numerous studies showing a high percentage of symptom remission after 3 sessions. The case of a tsunami survivor with acute PTSD is presented. Treatment for overt trauma symptoms was completed within 3 sessions, including all 8 phases and the 3-pronged protocol (i.e., past, present, future targets). One EMDR session was sufficient to process the trauma and alleviate the related symptoms, while another session was necessary for re-evaluation and processing present triggers and future templates. Resource installation was particularly helpful to prepare him for those future situations that had been generating anxiety as a result of his traumatization. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Brief Psychotherapy Case Report Disaster Disaster-Response Indian Ocean Tsunami Italians Males Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Recent Events Survivors Trauma Tsunamis
Accuracy Verified: Yes
204. Omaha, J. (2004, June). EMDR and affect centered therapy. Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Aim: This presentation will describe the integration of principles of emotion regulation into EMDR therapy for a range of disorders. Population: All ages; mostly Axis I and II disorders. Learning objectives: 1) to describe the development of emotion regulation beginning in the context of the attachment and continuing through adolescence; 2) to describe the origin of emotion dysregulation and psychopathology in deficit experience adversity, and trauma; 3) to describe a protocol, Affect Management Skills Training (AMST), that remediates failures of emotion regulation; 4) to describe how AMST prepares the client for uncovering therapy by providing for containment, safety, emotion regulation, improved left-right hemisphere integration, and remediation of attachment deficits; 5) to describe integration of MAST into EMDR therapies for substance abuse and eating disorders. Abstract: The workshop will summarize the principal affective developments that occur from birth through age four. These include fulfillment of yearning affect, facial imprinting, gaze transaction, stimulation of positive affect, and provision of optimal disapproval-shame experiences. The qualities of the child of “good enough” parenting are described. Developmental failures and their consequences for affect regulation and psychopathology will be described. These include: (1) avoidant attachment leading to problems of anger management, to depression, and development of narcissistic features; (2) anxious-ambivalent attachment leading to development of anxiety-related disorders and borderline features; (3) failure to elicit optimal positive affects leading to impaired vitality across the life span and depression; (4) socialization of the senior toddler with anger, leading to problems with anger expression, or with disgust, leading to problems with shame, impaired self-worth, and defective self-efficacy. Adversity (raised by a single parent, witness to spousal abuse, divorce, substance abuse in the home) and trauma (psychological, physical, and/or sexual abuse) occurring during latency and adolescence will be shown to exacerbate difficulties with emotional regulation.
The seven basic skills of the AMST protocol will be described. These skills provide for regocnition, tolerance, and regulation of both positive and negative emtoins. They include containment, safe place, sensation-affect recognition, sensation-as-signal, grounded and present, noticing, and regulation.
The workshop will describe how AMST prepares the client for uncovering therapy and for EMDR by teaching the client to regulate emotion prior to it elicitation in therapy, by improving hemispheric integration, and by correcting deficits in the attachment.
The workshop concludes by describing how MAST is integrated into EMDR therapy for substance abuse disorders (alcohol, drugs, nicotine) and eating disorders.
Keywords: Affect Centered Therapy Affect Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
205. Hurley, E. C., Zabukovec, J., Click, J., Francke, B., & Burd, J. (2009, August). EMDR and combat trauma. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This one-day workshop is designed to provide EMDR clinicians essential information for providing psychotherapy to veterans, active military personnel with combat trauma, and military families. The morning session provides essential information for psychotherapists working with military and veteran cultures, including how soldiers transition to combat and later transition from combat to home. Video interviews with key individuals within the military will address issues in working within the DOD/VA. The afternoon part of the session will include a panel of EMDR consultants, representing extensive experience working with combat trauma and military families. The panel will address treatment issues in working with combat trauma, as well as address questions generated by participants. Video presentations will highlight issues in the treatment of life adjustment issues, combat trauma and military families.
Keywords: Combat
Accuracy Verified: Yes
206. Shapiro, E. (2012). EMDR and early psychological intervention following trauma. Revue Européenne De Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 241-251. doi:10.1016/j.erap.2012.09.003.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Introduction:
This article evaluates developments in the field of early psychological intervention (EPI) after trauma in general and the place of early eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) intervention (EEI) in particular. The issues and dilemmas involved with EPI and EEI will be outlined; related research presented and the current status evaluated.
Literature and clinical findings:
Reviewing the literature and drawing on findings from initial research and case studies, the rationale and contribution that EMDR therapy has to offer is discussed relative to current evidence and theory regarding post-traumatic stress syndromes and trauma memories. The relative advantages of EEI will be elaborated.
Discussion and conclusion:
It is proposed that EEI, while trauma memories have not yet been integrated, may be used not only to treat acute distress but may also provide a window of opportunity in which a brief intervention, possibly on successive days, could prevent complications and strengthen resilience. Through the rapid reduction of intrusive symptoms and de-arousal response as well as by identifying potential obstructions to adaptive information processing (AIP), EMDR therapy may reduce the sensitisation and accumulation of trauma memories.
Keywords: Early Psychological Intervention EPI Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
207. Curran, L. A. (2009, January). EMDR and EMDR related techniques for effective trauma treatment. Wayne State University, School of Social Work, Center for Social Work Practice Policy and Research, Fort Washington, PA.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Beginning in the 1990s, Francine Shapiro had discovered and began researching a new neurophysiological technique for treating traumatic material. This technique, alternating bilateral stimulation, was quickly subsumed by Shapiro’s psychotherapeutic orientation known as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). After many years of rigorous empirical studies demonstrating its uses and effectiveness in trauma treatment, EMDR has become one of only three approved treatments recommended by the veteran’s administration for the treatment of PTSD.
Through didactic illustration and explanation; videotaped demonstrations; and experiential exercises, this seminar provides clinicians the basic principles of EMDR and EMDR- related techniques and how each would be incorporated into their personal therapeutic orientation and practice.
Goals
1. Participants will gain understanding of neuroscience’s trauma paradigm
· Biological nature of trauma
· Specific trauma symptoms and their order of appearance
· Primary treatment issues in trauma therapy.
2. Participants will gain understanding of trauma’s cognitive and somatic impact and how to effectively treat its sequelae including:
· Hyperarousal
· Affect dysregulation
· Dissociation
· Body memories and “flashbacks”
3. Participants will learn the theory of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and EMDR-related techniques for initial resourcing of clients, followed by desensitizing and cognitive reprocessing of traumatic material.
Objectives
1. Participants will identify the biological nature of trauma; how trauma is stored in the body and limbic system, creating physical and psychological symptoms.
2. Participants learn to identify the symptoms of trauma- hyperarousal; affect dysregulation; dissociation, body memories and “flashbacks”.
3. Participants will learn the Adaptive Information Processing Model and clinical research associated with EMDR
4. Participants will learn how EMDR and EMDR-related techniques are used as an adjunct to psychotherapy.
5. Participants will identify and demonstrate the eight 8 Phases of EMDR protocol.
6. Participants will describe the differences between eye movement, auditory and tactile stimulation.
7. Describe the process for resourcing a client prior to actual processing traumatic material.
8. Describe the process of employing tactile alternating bilateral stimulation for the processing traumatic memories.
Accuracy Verified: No
208. Gilligan, S. (2002). EMDR and hypnosis. In F. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR as an integrative psychotherapy approach: Experts of diverse orientations explore the paradigm prism (1st ed.) (pp. 225-238). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
During the past decade, EMDR has emerged as a very promising therapeutic approach for treating trauma-related problems. It seems to allow for the integrated processing of experiential learning that has been "stuck" or "frozen" in the course of a person's experience. Although its effectiveness seems clear, many questions still remain regarding the way it works and its relationship to other therapeutic modalities. This chapter examines whether EMDR is related to a hypnotic trance and whether hypnotic forms of treatment can be used in conjunction with EMDR. [Text, p. 225]
Keywords: Adults Hypnotherapy Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
209. van Rood, Y., & de Roos, C. (2012, June). EMDR and medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS): Case conceptualisation and treatment [EMDR y los síntomas somáticos inexplicables por la medicina (MUPS): Conceptualización del caso y tratamiento]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) are symptoms for which adequate examination did not reveal sufficiently
explanatory structural or other specified pathology. This includes patients with somatoform disorders such as conversion disorder,
hypochondriasis, and pain disorder. But also patients with functional syndromes such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and irritable
bowel syndrome and patients with specific physical symptoms such as pain, nausea, itch for which no medical cause has been detected.
Empirical evidence suggests that traumatic experiences can play a role in the aetiology of MUPS and somatoform disorders (Roelofs &
Spinhoven, 2007). Furthermore, unprocessed traumatic memories can play a role in the maintenance of MUPS (de Roos & van Rood, in
press). Indeed,the results of a systematic review suggest that EMDR might be an effective treatment for MUPS and somatoform disorders, particularly when
the somatic complaints are trauma related (van Rood & de Roos, 2009). Clinicians need to establish if the specific complaint of their patient
is trauma related, whether the unprocessed trauma memory maintains the somatic symptom, and if so in what way.
In this presentation the different ways are discussed in which trauma memories can be related to MUPS and how this may maintain the
complaint; i.e. hinder recovery. The presentation will be illustrated with video fragments of the EMDR process in several patients with diverse
somatic complaints.
Los síntomas somáticos médicamente inexplicables (MUPS), son síntomas para los cuales un adecuado examen no muestra
una explicación estructural suficiente ni otra patología específica. Esto incluye pacientes con trastornos somatomorfos como el trastorno de
conversión, hipocondría y trastorno por dolor. Pero también los pacientes con síndromes funcionales como la fibromialgia, síndrome de fatiga
crónica, síndrome del colon irritable y pacientes con síntomas físicos específicos como dolor, náuseas, picores sin causa médica, fueron
detectados. La evidencia empírica sugiere que las experiencias traumáticas pueden jugar un papel en la etiología del MUPS y los trastornos
somatomorfos (Roelofs & Spinhoven, 2007). Es más, los recuerdos traumáticos sin procesar pueden jugar un papel en el mantenimiento del
MUPS (de Roos & van Rood, in press). De hecho, los resultados de revisiones sistemáticas sugieren que el EMDR puede ser un tratamiento
efectivo para MUPS y los trastornos somatomorfos, de manera específica cuando las quejas somáticas de los pacientes están relacionadas
con un trauma. Los clínicos necesitan establecer si existen quejas específicas de sus pacientes relacionadas con el trauma o no. Si el trauma
sin procesar mantiene los síntomas somáticos o no.
En esta presentación diferentes caminos serán discutidos, en donde el trauma puede estar relacionado con el MUPS y cómo éste puede
mantener la queja. La presentación será acompańada de fragmentos de vídeo para el procesamiento de EMDR en numerosos pacientes con
diversas quejas somáticas.
Keywords: Medically Unexplained Physical Symptoms MUPS
Accuracy Verified: Yes
210. Welch, K. L. (2007, August). EMDR and neuroscience research: Some questions and implications for psychotherapy integration. EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net on 12/27/2008.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Since its introduction, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) (Shapiro, 1989) has received the attention of many mental health professionals. There has been much critical debate on the subject of EMDR. Most of the clinical discussion has centered on the role of EMDR in the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
While the EMDR procedure has been compared to Mesmerism (McNally, 1999), declared as pseudoscience (Herbert, Lilienfeld, Lohr, Montgomery, O’Donohue, Rosen, and Tolin, 2000), or regarded as a highly marketed placebo (Lilienfield, 1996), most studies support the efficacy of EMDR in treating PTSD (Ironson, Freund, Strauss, and Williams, 2002; Lee, Gavriel, Drummond, Richards, and Greenwald, 2002; Marcus, Marquis, and Sakai, 1997; Rothbaum, 1997; Van Etten and Taylor, 1998; Wilson, Becker, and Tinker, 1997). There has been some evidence for accompanying physiological changes in PTSD subjects treated with EMDR with patterns of cortex functioning, (Levin, Lazrove, and van der Kolk, 1999; Nicosia, 1994) event-related potential changes (Lamprecht, Kohnke, Sack, Matzke and Munte, 2004), as well as positive effects on the level of the stress hormone cortisol (Haber, Kellner and Yehuda, 2002).
Keywords: Neuroscience
Accuracy Verified: Yes
211. Matthess, H., & Woller, W. (2010, June). EMDR and personality disorders. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Over the last few years, causal relationships between childhood traumatic experiences and the development of personalities have been increasingly discussed. An understanding of personality disorders as a consequence of attachment trauma creates new therapeutic approaches for patients who are considered difficult to treat, though urgently in need of therapy.
First of all, the workshop will present an overview of possible neurobiological causes responsible for evolutionary principles of specific patterns of experiencing and behaviour in personality disorders. Most of their features can be explained as being natural reactions to extreme traumatic stress: unresolved traumatic experiences that cannot be encoded chronologically are, to a varying degree, subjectively experienced as separated from the personality. Other features of personality disorders, such as emotion regulation and mentalization function, can be understood as being a consequence of attachment trauma as well.
Following this, a treatment conception will be presented that combines elements from trauma therapies with aspects of a psychodynamic understanding of attachment relationships. Among others, the problems of personality-disordered patients related to regulating closeness and distance, resulting from their fears of intimacy and abandonment, will be addressed. Finally, the implications of the discussed topics for EMDR treatment will be considered.
Keywords: Personality Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
212. de Jongh, A. (2008, September). EMDR and phobias: Treatment of fears and phobias with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)[EMDR bei angst: Und panikstörungen]. Pre-Congress presentation at the European Congress of Hypnosis, Vienna, Austria.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has been shown to be a structured, noninvasive, time-limited, and evidence-based treatment for the processing of memories of traumatic conditioning events and related symptomatology.
There is a growing body of evidence showing the effectiveness of EMDR for specific phobias, a group of conditions that have been found to be more prevalent than any other group of psychiatric disorders studied.
This workshop focuses on EMDR as a treatment approach for fear reactions related
to - and avoidance of - specific objects and situations. The participants will learn:
1) about the fascinating possibilities of using EMDR in their work
2) how EMDR can be applied with clients who suffer from fears and phobias
3) to assess clients with patterns of fearful avoidance and to identify strategically important memories of earlier negative learning experiences for processing
4) to integrate EMDR interventions into a general (hypno)therapeutic approach.
This will be illustrated by segments of video taped treatment sessions of clients suffering from a broad diversity of phobias (e.g., dental phobia, vomiting phobia, shark phobia).
Keywords: Phobias Dental Phobias Shark Phobias Vomiting Phobias
Accuracy Verified: Yes
213. Lipke, H. (2000). EMDR and psychotherapy integration: Theoretical and clinical suggestions with focus on traumatic stress. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
This book is about what I have learned about EMDR and its clinical use, especially with combat veterans. It is also about what trying to understand how EMDR works has taught me about psychotherapy in general. That second lesson is what I call the Four-Activity Model (FAM) of Psychotherapy, which grows out of a concept that Francine Shapiro refers to as Accelerated Information Processing (AIP). Shapiro's AIP description gives name to the idea that learned psychopathology can be considered dysfunctional held information, including thoughts, emotions, sensations, and behavior, that can be modified more quickly than previously believed by most therapists. The Four-Activity Model is an attempt to conceptualize how psychotherapeutic activity can be used most efficiently to reprocess dysfunctional held material and thereby resolve psychological problems.Finally, this book is about what psychotherapy in general has taught me about EMDR. Even in her early explanations of EMDR, Shapiro taught that it was an integrative method, that it relied on the lessons learned by years of clinical work using dynamic, behavioral, and humanistic methods. In this book I will attempt to elaborate on that relationship and offer specific therapeutic suggestions that will rely on the wisdom of previously established therapeutic methods, as well as the wisdom of past philosophical inquiry and religion. The book starts with EMDR, proceeds to try to describe how EMDR and other methods can be integrated into an overall model of psychotherapy, and then works its way back to the concrete practical integration of psychotherapy in general. The second half of the book has a practical focus on examples that are created mostly from my experience working with combat trauma. I hope that readers will see how these examples of interventions are easily generalized to other learning-based problems. [Author Introduction]
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Stressors Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
214. Devilly, G. J. (1996, November). EMDR and PTSD: The score at half time. Psychotherapy in Australia, 3(1), 26-31.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been a hot topic of
debate since it’s inclusion into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders in the 1980’s. However, it was not until 1989, with the introduction of Eye
Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), that this debate reached such
lofty heights of vigour. The lack of any theoretical models as to why the EMDR
process might work has not helped in gaining professional credence. It will be the
purpose of this article to briefly review the reasons for this debate, give a short outline
of the EMDR procedure and comment upon the current state of research.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
215. Leeds, A. M., & Shapiro, F. (2000). EMDR and resource installation: Principles and procedures for enhancing current functioning and resolving traumatic experiences. In J. Carlson, & L. Sperry (Eds.), Brief therapy with individuals and couples (pp. 469-534). Phoenix, Arizona: Zeig, Tucker & Theisen, Inc..
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
This chapter presents an overview of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), a research-validated treatment for PTSD, and a related set of procedures known as resource development and installation (RDI), which have been reported to be useful in ego strengthening and stabilization. First, the extant research on EMDR, its theoretical model, and the 8 phases of its treatment are summarized (patient history and treatment planning, preparation, assessment, desensitization, installation, body scan, closure, and reevaluation). The 5 main elements of memory networks in EMDR are: image, thoughts and sounds, affect, sensation, and self-appraisal. The principles and theoretical foundations of RDI are then discussed. Then, 2 case examples are given. The 1st case illustrates a simple application of resource development and installation to supplement the standard EMDR PTSD protocol in the brief treatment of a marital crisis. The 2nd case summarizes the brief, strategic use of RDI to stabilize a patient with complex PTSD who was referred for collaborative treatment and to build a foundation for comprehensive EMDR treatment. [Adapted from Text, p. 469] [Pilots]
Keywords: Brief Psychotherapy Clinical Case Study Empirical Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
216. Weston, D. L. (1995, June). EMDR and the issues of gay clients. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR is an effective therapeutic method for working with the emotional issues of gay clients. The first portion of this workshop
will examine the "pubic" and "relationship" definitions of homosexuality. Being gay is much more than how people express
themselves sexually.
A brief historical and cultural kamework for understanding the emotional issues of lesbian I gay persons will be presented. There
will be a review of the psychological theories and the research about the origins of homosexuality.
The second portion of the workshop will focus on the psychological path of persons recognizing they are gay. The changes in the
"pre-stonewall' and "post-stonewall" experience will be highlighted. This review of psychological experience will look at the points
where EMDR therapists can be sensitive to the presence of emotional issues related to being gay.
Feeling "different" is often a precursor to recognizing that one is gay. It is impossible to grow up in our culture without
internalization of negative attitudes about gay people. When an individual recognizes (s)he is lesbian or gay, this negative learning
now applies to one's self. EMDR is effective in resolving this "internalized homophobia."
"Coming out" to one's self is a shock because, "I am no longer the person I believed myself to be." EMDR helps clients see gayness,
not as an event happening in Me at this moment, but as something with a history related to earlier life experiences and feelings.
This perception of continuity reduces the sense of crisis around being homosexual. As internalized homophobia is resolved,
acceptance and valuing of self increases.
Using the EMDR "future template" protocol assists people in preparing to "come out" to family, fiiends, employers, etc. Gay
activists suggests that lesbian/gay persons need to be "out" in all situations. EMDR can help people understand why they want to
come out to various people in various situations. It assists in idenhfxation of what people want as the result of "coming out."
EMDR is effective in workmg with the myths about homosexuality; the cultural homophobia. Among the myths to be focused are:
gay men are promiscuous, being gay is immoral, gay sexual expression is perversion, gay relationships don't last, lesbian/gay
persons recruit young people, etc.
The third portion of this workshop will focus on issues of HIV disease. There will be a brief epidemiological presentation and focus
on the medical and psychological issues of persons with HIV disease. Application of EMDR at "crisis points" of HIV disease will
be presented: (1) the worried well, a diminishing population as the aids epidmc continues, (2) the time of HIV+ diagnosis when
the potential for suicide is highest, (3) the time of the first AIDS defining illness, (4) response to declining health and approaching
death, and (5) issues of "meaning" as life moves toward death.
EMDR's application in grief and multiple loss will be presented. Our culture's attitude that grief is something to "be resolved" and
"get over" is a mistake. Grief is an ongoing process, especially when people are dealing with multiple losses of partners, fiends, etc.
EMDR is effective in reducing the pain around loss so that the grief process can proceed more comfortably.
The workshop will end with discussion of characteristics which therapists need to evaluate in relation to the decision to work or not
work with gay and gay HIV infected clients. Working with gay men leads to working with clients with HIV disease. Therapists
need to be clear about their boundaries and comfort in dealing with home and hospital visits, touching people who have AIDS, being
present at the death of a client, and other issues that arise in HIVIAIDS care.
The rewards of working with this population and the life changes it may make for the therapist will also be highlighted.
Keywords: Gay Clients Homosexuality
Accuracy Verified: Yes
217. Zimmerman, E. (2010, June). EMDR and the phase two treatment of the migraine and headache-protocol. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
After the presentation of Dr. Steven Marcus PhD
on different EMDR-conferences of treating migraine and headaches
in a two-phase protocol, the authors of this presentation
decided to develop a study on the phase two treatment of the
headache protocol.
The phase one treatment of the headache protocol I-EMDR (integrated
EMDR) of Dr. Marcus is for the relief of acute headache
pain and related symptoms (nausea, vomiting, light or sound
sensitivity etc.). A research study of Dr. Marcus showed very
strong effects of the treatment of migraines in this acute phase.
(Steven V. Marcus: Phase 1 of integrated EMDR: An Abortive
Treatment for Migraine Headaches. JEMDR, Vol. 2, Number 1,
2008, pg. 15ff). The phase two treatment is a multi-session EMDR
headache treatment utilizing the Standard EMDR Protocol
to prevent or reduce future headache frequency, duration and
severity. The phase one has to be included in the second phase.
Thus, this phase two protocol has not yet been the subject of a
scientific research.
The authors present their study design and some cases with
video presentations as well as first results on the research of this
phase two treatment.
Keywords: Headache Medical Issues Migraine Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
218. Marquis, P. (2007, June). EMDR and the treatment of anxiety disorders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Dr. Marquis will present on the treatment of Anxiety Disorders using Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). This treatment is based on clinical research and practice, integrating Anxiety Disorder treatments such as interceptive exposure, psych-education, mindfulness, relaxation training, breathing retraining, cognitive techniques and exposure and response prevention with EMDR. The diagnosis of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Hoarding, Trichotillomonia, Skin Picking, Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorders, Phobias, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Somatization Disorder and their interaction with underlying PSTD will be discussed and standard EMDR treatment protocols presented. This will be presented in context of the Adaptive Information Processing Model. Theoretical models will be presented. This treatment integrates the use of future template and behavioral feedback for success of anxiety treatment. Participants will learn how to specify EMDR targets for rapid symptom reduction and how clients scan integrate self-use of bilateral stimulation to increase treatment results. Case examples will be presented. Participants will be encouraged to discuss and receive feedback on anxiety cases of their own. Cross-cultural applications and understanding will be explored. Dr. Marquis is the Anxiety Team Leader at Kaiser Hospital and has been practicing, teaching, and training EMDR internationally since 1991.
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
219. Rogers, S. M. (2008, June). EMDR and the treatment of combat trauma. Keynote at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
From the first days of its development, EMDR was applied to those suffering from the trauma of war.
As EMDR pioneers worked with this population, the unique features of resolving combat-related PTSD
rapidly became clear. These features included not only the complexity of the symptoms, issues, and
the involvement of other life experiences but included also the particular skills, knowledge, and
attitudes needed of the clinician. In the area of research, while the population of survivors with warrelated
PTSD steadily and unfortunately has grown, research has not kept pace. This has resulted not
only in deficits of the scientific support for EMDR but has contributed to challenges to the use of
EMDR with combat veterans.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
220. Greenwald, R. (2002). EMDR and trauma-focused treatment for conduct problems. In J. Morris-Smith (Ed.), EMDR: Clinical applications with children, Occasional paper No. 19 (pp. 15-21) London: The Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Trauma is proposed as a key to understanding the development and persistence of conduct problems, in conjunction with other contributing factors. Preliminary research on child/adolescent trauma treatment indicates that such treatment can successfully reduce post-traumatic symptoms as well as conduct problem symptoms. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has shown particular promise. However, it can be difficult to secure treatment compliance for trauma-focused work with this challenging population. A more comprehensive treatment approach is suggested which addresses trauma-related issues of motivation, safety, and self-efficacy as a foundation form which to introduce EMDR. Reductions in post-traumatic stress, related symptoms, and problem behaviours along with improved school performance, indicate the value of further study of this type of treatment approach.
Keywords: Children Conduct Disorders Occasional Paper
Accuracy Verified: Yes
221. Epozdemir, P., Haciomeroglu, S., & Konuk, E. (2012, June). EMDR and treatment of stuttering: Towards a protocol [EMDR y el tratamiento del tartamudeo: Hacia un protocolo]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Stuttering can be defined in general terms as disturbance in the fluency of speech. Stuttering shows itself with psychological
reactions as abstaining from talking, being afraid of making mistakes and with motor reactions as tics in different parts of the body, elongations,
repetitions of the words and hesitations. In addition stuttering people are often observed to avoid speaking in certain situations, with certain
people, showing social anxiety, high levels of distress and muscle contractions before and/or while speaking. They are also noted to experience
relational difficulties and poor quality of life related to all the above factors.
Even though there are different etiological approaches for stuttering, we observe that people with stuttering problem have early childhood
traumas. Throughout their lives, other traumatic events, mostly related to stuttering; feelings of humiliation, inadequacy, rejection and others
worsen the problem. According to our limited number of cases working with those traumas significantly decreases our clients’ social anxiety
and this improvement is positively reflected to the fluency of their speech.
In this workshop, we will first give general information about stuttering and its etiology, emphasize how relations are organized around
stuttering and with video clips we will present how we approach the treatment of stuttering from an EMDR perspective.
En términos generales, se puede definir el tartamudeo como una alteración en la fluidez del lenguaje. El tartamudeo se
manifiesta a través de reacciones psicológicas tales como abstenerse de hablar, tener miedo de equivocarse y con reacciones motrices como
tics en distintas partes del cuerpo, prolongaciones, repeticiones de las palabras y vacilaciones. Es más, a menudo se observa que las personas
que sufren del tartamudeo evitan hablar durante ciertas situaciones, con algunas personas en particular; muestran ansiedad social, niveles
altos de estrés, y contracciones musculares antes y/o mientras hablan. También se ve que sufren dificultades con las relaciones y una mala
calidad de vida relacionada con los factores previamente mencionados.
Si bien existen planteamientos etiológicos distintos para tratar el tartamudeo, hemos observado que los individuos con problemas de
tartamudeo han sufrido eventos traumáticos en la infancia. A lo largo de sus vidas, otros sucesos traumáticos, en su mayoría relacionados
con el tartamudeo; sentimientos de humillación, ineptitud, rechazo y otros empeoran el problema. En nuestra experiencia limitada, el trabajo
con estos sucesos traumáticos disminuye significativamente la ansiedad social de nuestros clientes y dicha mejoría se refleja positivamente
en la fluidez de su habla.
En este taller, empezaremos por ofrecer información general acerca del tartamudeo y su etiología; seńalaremos cómo se organizan las
relaciones entorno al tartamudeo y, con vídeos, presentaremos nuestra forma de afrontar el tratamiento del tartamudeo desde la perspectiva
de EMDR.
Keywords: Stuttering
Accuracy Verified: Yes
222. Eimer, B. N. (1995, June). EMDR applications for pain management. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The focus of this 3-hour workshop will be on using EMDR to alleviate emotional distress attendant to coping with acute physical
pain and living with chronic pain. Participants in this workshop will learn:
(a) how to conduct a targeted assessment of the patient whose chief complaint is physical pain;
(b) a guided pain healing meditation;
(c) an EMDR protocol for installing pain relief imagery and self-care techniques;
(d) an EMDR protocol for reprocessing covert pain talk, pain behaviors and pain-related memories;
(e) how to apply A.J. Popky's EMDR protocol for reducing substance abuse (i.e., Overeating,
drinking) and dependence on pain medication in this population.
The presentation will first address how to conduct a structured assessment that identifies targets for EMDR treatment. The
dysfunctional information package associated with chronic pain (termed the "biogram")and "seven keys" to understanding chronic
pain will be discussed. Then, essential principles for designing an effective individual psychotherapy program for the pain sufferer
will be presented.
Next, use of the "seven keys for constructing a guided healing meditation (i.e., Self-care technique) for the pain patient that also
incorporates Francine Shapiro's "light stream" and "spiral" guided meditations will be demonstrated. A script for this, termed the
"C.O.M.P.I.S.S. Pain Healing Meditation," will be distributed.
The workshop will then address how to introduce EMDR to the patient whose chief complaint is physical pain. What EMDR can
do and probably cannot do for pain patients will then be discussed. Next, principles for choosing an initial tarqet for reprocessing
will be discussed.
The presentation will then cover (with clinical case examples):
(1) Red flags and cautions to consider before proceeding with EMDR-
(2) What to do and what not to do if the patient is dissociative;
(3) How to "mirror" and install with EMDR empathic responses to underlying beliefs associated with
"secondary gains" minus primary losses;
(4) Teaching the distinction between pain sensations and suffering;
(5) How to teach and install with EMDR self-care and pain coping techniques such as pain relief
imagery, mental distraction techniques, safe place imagery, and positive motivation for healthy
self-care behaviors;
(6) How to directly address with the patient the application of "cognitive psychology" and imagery
for pain reduction;
(7) EMDR reprocessing of memories around the pain's origins;
(8) EMDR reprocessing of pain-related conflicts, negative beliefs, negative past experiences,
internalized self-identifications, self-punitive tendencies and self-defeating behaviors;
(9) Eliciting core negative pain coping cognitions and suggesting preferable positive cognitions to the pain patient;
(10) EMDR reprocessing of negative cognitions associated with depression and anxiety.
(11) Use of EMDR to facilitate mental rehearsal of coping responses to pain triggers;
(12) Material that often comes up in using EMDR with pain patients;
(13) Strategically restructuring patient "resistance" with coanitive interweave;
(14) Managing narcotic and pain medication seeking behavior and substance abuse;
(15) Use of Popky's EMDR protocol for reducing medication dependence and substance abuse in
this population;
(16) Treating pain patients who also have PTSD.
Videotaped case excerpts will be shown that illustrate important points covered.
If time permits, participants may be able to briefly discuss EMDR applications to specific medical and pain patient populations.
Keywords: Chronic Pain Pain Pain Management
Accuracy Verified: Yes
223. Doctor, R. (1995, June). EMDR applications to anxiety disorders. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR therapy was originally developed around the effects of trauma on emotional and cognitive disorders. We are now seeing its
effect application in other areas related to acquisition and maintenance of deviant and disabling reactions. The results of the
application of EMDR outside of trauma itself have been very encouraging and successful. This presentation will focus on the use of
EMDR with the anxiety disorders. Most of the presentation will concentrate on the most prevalent anxiety disorders, namely, panic,
agoraphobia and phobia. There will be some-discussion on generalized anxiety disorders, social phobias and obsessive-compulsive
disorders.
The anxiety disorders will be discussed as a complex set of disorders that have multiple acquisition factors including life style,
reactivity (which may have some genetic components), "personality, stressors and stress management. The presenter will make a
brief summary of the role of these factors in each anxiety disorder from what we currently know clinically and empirically. The
research on EMDR with anxiety disorders is almost nonexistent but the few case studies that have been published will be discussed
because they offer excellent support for EMDR and for particular forms of its application.
The rest of the presentation is divided into two sections: the use of EMDR as an exclusive treatment and its use with supplemental
tools. The exclusive use of EMDR will depend on premorbid history factors both personally and in regard to the anxiety disorder.
The discussion will focus on important information in the history taking and personal contact with the client as well as the potential
targets for EMDR work with the various anxiety disorders.
In many cases, EMDR therapy must be supplemented with exposure work, relaxation training, medications and other supplemental
tools in order to make the intervention effective and enduring. How these supplemental tools might be implemented in the various
anxiety disorders will be discussed as well as the general factors from client history or client experience that would suggest the use
of supplementals.
Finally, the importance of the client-therapist relationship will be discussed in relation to working with the anxiety disorders and, in
particular, therapist factors that can improve effectiveness.
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
224. Huff, C. (2004). EMDR as a treatment for a veteran with PTSD and agent orange related cancer. Argosy University, Chicago, IL.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Keywords: Agent Orange Cancer Survivor Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
225. Wesselmann, D., Davidson, M., Armstrong, S., Schweitzer, C., Bruckner, D., & Potter, A. E. (2012). EMDR as a treatment for improving attachment status in adults and children. Revue Européenne De Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 223-230. doi:10.1016/j.erap.2012.08.008.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Introduction:
The purpose of the article is to examine the current literature regarding evidence for positive change in attachment status following Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy and to describe how an integrative EMDR and family therapy team model was implemented to improve attachment and symptoms in a child with a history of relational loss and trauma.
Literature:
The EMDR method is briefly described along with the theoretical model that guides the EMDR approach. As well, an overview of attachment theory is provided and its implication for conceptualizing symptoms related to a history of relational trauma. Finally, a literature review is provided regarding current preliminary evidence that EMDR can improve attachment status in children and adults.
Clinical findings:
A case study is described in which an EMDR and family therapy integrative model improved attachment status and symptoms in a child with a history attachment trauma.
Conclusion:
The case study and literature review provide preliminary evidence that EMDR may be a promising therapy in the treatment of disorders related to attachment trauma.
Keywords: Adult Attachment Interview Attachment Disorder Family Therapy Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
226. Staff. (20120, February 15). EMDR as an effective therapy for trauma-related disorders. Pakistan Press International, Karachi, Pakistan.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
....psychotherapy technique of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing ( EMDR ) can prove very effective in the treatment of such trauma-related....
Accuracy Verified: No
227. Farrell, D. (2010, June). EMDR based treatment of psychotraumatic antecedents in illicit drug abusers: A report of two cases. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In March 2007 an EMDR Europe HAP project, in conjunction
with the University of Birmingham, commenced in Northern
Pakistan in the aftermath of the earthquake that occurred in
the region October 2005. Presently over 75 mental health workers
have now been trained in EMDR in August 2009 six of these
Pakistani mental health workers had successfully completed their
EMDR Facilitator training. As a means of evaluating their EMDR
training a Q Methodology was utilised. Q-Methodology allows
a researcher to explore a complex phenomenon from a subject's
point of view by using a distinct approach which rates the value
of 25 statements in order from least to most desirable. These
statements related to EMDR clinical practice, cultural application
of EMDR. EMDR research development, and their experiences of
their EMDR training. Results highlighted important issues around
their training experience, how cultural sensitivities play an important
part in the application of EMDR in Pakistan, and how the
EMDR trainings can be adapted and improved for the future.
Keywords: HAP Project Q-Methodology Pakistan Poster
Accuracy Verified: No
228. Rougemont-Bucking, A. (2010, June). EMDR based treatment of psychotraumatic antecedents in illicit drug abusers: A report of two cases. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Background: EMDR has been recognized to be an efficacious
treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Other,
more recent indications comprise anxiety disorders and substance
use disorders (SUD). With regard to SUD, the application of EMDR
iS very challenging as patients frequently suffer from many
comorbidities. Another concern is the fact that the dissociative
experiencing during EMDR-sessions can potentially weaken the
patients' coping strategies and provoke relapse through activation
of intense drug craving.
General procedure. Sessions were proposed once a week. Specific
techniques like 'Safe Place', the technique of absorption, heart coherence training and ClPOS were applied prior to proposition
of the standard EMDR-protocol. Drug consumption and craving
was regularly monitored by means of the patents' self-reports
and drug craving scores. The therapist was regularly supervised
on the basis of video recordings.
Patient 1: A 49 year old man being diagnosed for PTSD and dependency
of opiates and benzodiazepines asked to benefit form
EMDR with regard to his PTSD symptoms. Patient was abstinent
from heroine consumption but consumed midazolam 3 times per
week when entering the therapy. Initial evaluation showed an
Impact of Event Scale (IES) score of 60, a Dissociative Experiences
Scale (DES) score of 39.6 and a midazolam craving score of 14.
Patient 2 :A 37 old man was diagnosed for borderline personality
disorder and for dependency of opiates. Heroine consumption occurred 1 to 3 times per month when starting the therapy
EMDR based therapy was proposed as he complained about
pertinacious insomnia due to trauma-like events during his childhood.
Initial evaluation showed a DES score of 7.8 and a heroine
craving score of 17.
Global impression: EMDR based treatment of severely affected
SUD patients appears to be a difficult and challenging endeavor
However, some beneficial effects on general comfort and on drug
consumption can be observed. A long stabilisation phase seems
to be mandatory and the standard EMDR protocol needs to be
conducted with much flexibility as patients were not able to handle
intensive emotional stress for a long time period. There was
no provocation of a prolonged psychological crisis or of relapse.
Experiencing of emotional stress could be limited to the sessions
and dissociation could be absorbed with specific techniques without
increasing permanently drug craving.
Learning objectives:
1. EMDR-based treatment is feasible in severely affected drug
abusers
2. Extensive stabilisation of the patient using flexible adaptation
of EMDR-related techniques is mandatory
3. Dissociation occurring during treatment has to be addressed
carefully as it can easily bridge into drug craving and relapse
What is unique: EMDR-based treatment may be a suitable way
to treat patients who are still abusing drugs as these interventions
focus on maladaptive associations that arise from both trauma
and substance related cues.
Keywords: Drug Abusers Heroine Psychotraumatic Antecedents
Accuracy Verified: Yes
229. Meijer, S. (2013, April). EMDR bij borderline problematiek: Hoe om te gaan met automutilatie en andere vormen van zelfdestructief gedrag [EMDR in borderline issues: How to deal with self-mutilation and other forms of self-destructive behavior]. Presentatie op Het congres EMDR Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, Nederland.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Ernstig zelfdestructief gedrag wordt doorgaans gezien als een belemmering voor een behandeling gericht op het verwerken van trauma. Vaak is dit gedrag echter gerelateerd aan ptts symptomatologie en kan het behandelen daarvan met EMDR ook vermindering te weeg brengen in dit gedrag. Uiteraard is het dan wel van belang om goed inzicht te hebben hoe dit gedrag verband houdt met het trauma om te kunnen weten welke targets gekozen moeten worden. Deze lezing geeft inzicht hoe zelfdestructief gedrag begrepen kan worden, hoe het verband kan houden met trauma en hoe dit vervolgens behandeld kan worden. Ook wordt besproken hoe patiënten met ernstige vormen van dit gedrag voorbereid kunnen worden op de EMDR behandeling zonder verder te ontregelen.
Serious self-destructive behavior is usually seen as a barrier to treatment aimed at traumas. Often this behavior is related to pTTS symptomatology and can treat them with EMDR also bring about reduction in this behavior. Of course is it important to have good insight how this behavior is related to the trauma in order to know which targets should be chosen. This lecture gives an insight into how self-destructive behavior can be understood, how it may be related to trauma and how it then can be treated. It also discusses how patients with severe forms of this behavior can be prepared on the EMDR treatment without further disrupt.
Keywords: Borderline Symptoms Self-Destructive Behaviors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
230. Braun, P., & van Og, A. (2005, November). EMDR bij klinisch opgenomen TBS-gestelden: ”Elk voordeel heb z’n nadeel” [EMDR clinical TBS recorded as such: "Any benefit me his disadvantage"]. Presentatie op het Eerste Congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Ede, Nederland.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Deze lezing gaat over het implementeren van EMDR
in een zeer complexe (TBS) instelling, waarbij beveiliging en onlosmakelijk behandeling verweven zijn, met een diagnostisch zwaar belaste doelgroep:
• Meervoudige persoonlijkheidsstoornissen
• Meervoudig ernstig getraumatiseerd
• Verslavingsproblematiek
• Specifieke psychiatrische problematiek
• Forensische problematiek
• Combinaties
Het TBS systeem van behandelen (met beveiliging als belangrijk punt) verhoudt zich soms moeilijk tot de behandeling met EMDR van de individuele patiënt. Angst voor de beheersbaarheid van een patiënt gedurende de behandeling kan als een contra-indicatie worden gezien voor EMDR-behandeling. Het is de vraag of EMDR gecontraďndiceerd is in een TBS-kliniek vanwege de veiligheid. De inbedding van de behandeling in de TBS-kliniek alsmede het toepassen van zelfcontroletechnieken zijn hierbij belangrijke factoren.
Complicerende factor is dat veel TBS-patiënten zowel zelf getraumatiseerd zijn als wel ernstige delicten hebben gepleegd waarmee ze anderen hebben getraumatiseerd.
In deze lezing willen wij vooral aan de orde stellen hoe de behandeling van het daderschap zich verhoudt tot de behandeling van het slachtofferschap van de patiënt. We willen hiervan zowel de inhoudelijke als de ethische kant belichten. Van belang hierbij is ook de discussie rondom de indicatiestelling: richt men zich eerst op het daderschap of juist op het slachtofferschap? Verder willen we de gelaagdheid van de behandeling benoemen: de behandelaar heeft niet alleen te maken met de problematiek van de patiënt maar ook te maken met de gesloten kliniek en verschillende functionarissen daarin. Die gelaagdheid heeft direct gevolgen voor de vorm en inhoud van de behandeling.
Als hypothese willen we naar voren brengen dat de behandeling van trauma’s essentieel kan zijn voor de behandeling van persoonlijkheidsproblematiek. Schemagerichte Cognitieve Therapie (J. Young), sluit in onze ogen naadloos aan op EMDR. Beide stromingen richten zich op dezelfde type existentiële “Ik ben ….“ opvattingen.
This lecture is about the implementation of EMDR
In a very complex (TBS) of institution, and security are inextricably intertwined treatment, with a heavily loaded diagnostic target:
• Multiple personality disorder
• Multiple severely traumatized
• Addiction Problems
• Specific psychiatric problems
• Forensic issues
• Combinations
The TBS system of treatment (with security as an important point) does sometimes difficult to EMDR treatment of individual patients. Fear of the manageability of a patient during treatment as may be considered a contraindication for EMDR treatment. The question is whether EMDR is contraindicated in a TBS clinic for security reasons. The embedding of treatment in the TBS clinic and the use of self-control techniques are important factors.
Complicating factor is that many TBS patients, both self-traumatized as well have committed serious crimes with which they have traumatized others.
In this talk we mainly discussed how the treatment of the perpetrator is related to the treatment of the victimization of the patient. We wish them both the substantive and ethical angles. Of importance here is the discussion surrounding the needs assessment: the focus is first on the perpetrator or at the very victimization? We also want to appoint the stratification of treatment: the therapist has not only faced with the problem of the patient but also to do with the clinic closed and several officers therein. Such layering has direct implications for the form and content of treatment.
As a hypothesis we want to highlight that the treatment of trauma may be essential for the treatment of personality problems. Schema-Focused Cognitive Therapy (J. Young), close our eyes seamlessly with EMDR. Both schools focus on the same existential type "I am ...." opinions.
Keywords: TBS System of Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
231. Forgash, C., & Leeds, A. M. (1999). EMDR case inquiry format. Authors.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
When consulting on clinical cases related to the application of EMDR, please consider providing the relevant portions of the following information to assist me in responding to your inquiry.
NOT all these points need to be covered. There may be additional points that you need to include. Keep in mind you are responsible for obtaining your client’s permission for the release of any confidential information and for disguising any identifying data.
Keywords: Case Inquiry Format
Accuracy Verified: Yes
232. Francke, B. (2008, August). EMDR case studies. Presentation at the USMC Combat Operational Stress Control Conference, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR is one of the most effective short term treatment approaches for trauma. The use of EMDR in the treatment of combat stress improves Marines’ and Sailors’ adaptive functioning, thus improving Mission Readiness. Research has shown a rapid decline in self reported distress after only one session of EMDR (Rogers, et al 1999). Additionally, 77.7% of combat veterans treated with EMDR no longer met criteria for PTSD (Carlson et al, 1998). Now more than ever effective short term treatment is available. This presentation will include several case studies highlighting the use of EMDR in treating combat stress symptoms.
Keywords: Case Studies Combat Stress Marines Mission Readiness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
233. Greenwald, R. (1998, September). EMDR cures kidney stones?: A case report. EMDRIA Newsletter, 3(3), 32.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
When I was teaching EMDR to a small group of professionals last year, I had occasion to demonstrate various portions of EMDR treatment of a medical problem during Day 3 of the course (roughly equivalent to the first half of Level II). The participant was a middle-aged man who had suffered for months with complications related to kidney stones which he failed to eliminate from his system, leading to installation of a shunt and entailing frequent infection. He was barely able to attend class, felt constantly exhausted and ill, and lived on liquids and medications.
Keywords: Case Report
Accuracy Verified: Yes
234. Nicolais, G. (2011, Settembre). EMDR e attaccamento [EMDR and attachment]. Presentazione al Congresso EMDR Nazionale "Trauma e relazione,” Roma, Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Secondo Bowlby, le esperienze precoci del bambino con le proprie figure di attaccamento determinano rappresentazioni mentali - denominate Modelli Operativi Interni della relazione - che regolano aspetti centrali dello sviluppo come la regolazione degli affetti e la fiducia interpersonale. Analogamente, il modello AIP di Shapiro ipotizza l’effetto di esperienze precoci sullo sviluppo futuro del bambino. Ricordi di eventi particolarmente stressanti o traumatici tendono ad essere immagazzinati in modo disfunzionale nel cervello in uno stato non metabolizzato, sotto forma di “network mnestici” contenenti costellazioni di percezioni, aspettative negative, affetti e sensazioni corporee che possono essere riferite all’esperienza di caregiving. In situazioni infantili all’interno di accudimento particolarmente disfunzionali, il modello di attaccamento sviluppato dal bambino conterrŕ quindi network mnestici caratterizzati dall’esperienza del rifiuto e/o del maltrattamento. Il modello AIP prefigura perciň interventi, realizzati attraverso l’approccio dell’EMDR, che agiscono in senso trasformativo sulle peculiaritŕ dei Modelli Operativi Interni della relazione. Le implicazioni di tale premessa sono l’oggetto della relazione presentata.
According to Bowlby, the child's early experiences with attachment figures determine their mental representations - called internal working models of the report - that regulate key aspects of development such as affect regulation and interpersonal trust. Similarly, the model AIP Shapiro assumed the effect of early experience on the future development of the child. Memories of traumatic or stressful events tend to be stored in a dysfunctional brain in a non-metabolized form of "network mnemonic" containing clusters of perceptions, expectations, negative emotions and bodily sensations that may be related to the experience of caregiving . In situations in caregiving particularly dysfunctional childhood, the attachment model developed by the child will then contain mnemonic networks characterized by the experience of rejection and / or mistreatment. The model therefore anticipates AIP intervention, achieved through the approach of EMDR, which act in the sense of transformation on the peculiarities of the internal working models of the relationship. The implications of this premise are the subject of the report.
Keywords: Attachment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
235. Balbo, M. (2008, Novembre). EMDR e disturbi alimentari [EMDR and eating disorders]. Presentazione le Applicazioni Cliniche del EMDR Congresso Nazionale, Milano, Italia.
Language: Italian
Format: Conference
Abstract:
I Disturbi del comportamento alimentare per la complessitŕ che li caratterizza comportano spesso problematiche relative alla diagnosi, alla scelta del trattamento primario e al tipo di terapia.
Il Workshop si propone di rispondere al quesito: “da dove cominciare”, come pianificare il trattamento con l’EMDR , qual č il problema centrale e quindi il primo e piů importante da affrontare per aiutare il paziente a superare la preoccupazione estrema per il cibo e le forme corporee.
Gli argomenti che verranno presentati si propongono di affrontare le seguenti aree.:
• Diagnosi descrittiva.
• DSM IV: chiarezza classificatoria.
• Multifattorialitŕ dei disturbi dell'alimentazione.
• Integrazione dell’EMDR nel trattamento: quando e con quale paziente.
• Ricerca dei target significativi nella storia di vita del paziente.
• Preparazione del paziente per il trattamento EMDR, come affrontare il blocco emozionale del paziente DCA e la fuga dalla consapevolezza; installazione di risorse e immagini chiave
• La motivazione al cambiamento nei pazienti difficili.
• La relazione terapeutica.
• Intervento psicoeducazionale.
• Lavoro sui target del passato.
• Aree di contenuto utilizzabili per l’intervento integrativo-cognitivo, analisi dei pensieri disfunzionali.
• Lavoro sui target del presente (gestione delle “emergenze”)
• Lavoro sul futuro:prevenzione delle ricadute e conclusione del trattamento.
• Discussione di casi.
Disorders of eating behavior of the complexity that characterizes them often involve issues related to diagnosis, choice of primary treatment and type of therapy. The Workshop aims to answer the question: "where to start, how to plan treatment with EMDR, which is the central problem and then the first and most important deal to help the patient to overcome the extreme concern for food and body shapes. The topics to be presented are intended to address the following areas.: • descriptive diagnosis. • DSM IV classificatory clarity. • multifactorial nature of eating disorders. • Integrating EMDR treatment: when and how patient. • Research targets in the history of the patient's life. • Preparing the patient for treatment EMDR, how to address the emotional blocks of the patient and the flight from DCA awareness; installation of resources and key images • The motivation to change in patients difficult. • The therapeutic relationship. • psycho-educational intervention. • Work on target in the past. • Content areas used for Integrated intervention-cognitive analysis of dysfunctional thoughts. • Work on this target (management of "emergencies") • Work on the future: prevention of relapses and end of treatment. • Discussion of cases.
Keywords: Eating Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
236. van Rood, Y., & de Roos, C. (2012, March). EMDR en somatisch onvoldoende verklaarde lichamelijke klachten (SOLK)[EMDR and Somatic insufficiently explained physical complaints (SOLK)]. Presentatie op de 6e congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnhem, Nederland.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Somatisch onvoldoende verklaarde lichamelijke klachten (SOLK) zijn lichamelijke klachten die niet - of niet geheel - verklaard worden door een bekende ziekte bijvoorbeeld chronische pijn, tinnitus, chronische vermoeidheid, conversie- of prikkelbare darm klachten. Wanneer de beperkingen als gevolg van de lichamelijke klachten aanzienlijk zijn en/of er sprake is van aanzienlijk lijden dan is er sprake van een somatoforme stoornis volgens de DSM-IV.
Er zijn aanwijzingen dat traumatische ervaringen een rol kunnen spelen bij het ontstaan van SOLK en somatoforme stoornissen. Onverwerkte traumatische herinneringen kunnen daarnaast ook een rol spelen bij het in stand houden van SOLK (van Rood en de Roos, in druk). Uit een systematische review van de beschikbare studies blijkt dat EMDR een effectieve behandeling kan zijn voor SOLK als de lichamelijke klachten trauma gerelateerd zijn (van Rood en de Roos 2009). In deze workshop wordt aan de hand van een diagnostisch model voor SOLK (het gevolgenmodel) geďllustreerd welke rol traumatische herinneringen kunnen spelen bij het in stand houden van een SOLK en hoe dit zich verhoudt tot de rol van de andere in stand houdende gevolgen. Aansluitend zullen er drie tot vijf casussen van workshopdeelnemers centraal worden besproken. Hiervoor vragen we u om voor 1 maart 2012 een e-mail te sturen met een korte casus beschrijving en uw vragen naar yrvanrood@lumc.nl of cderoos@ggzkinderenenjeugd.nl o.v.v. VEN congres 2012 Uit de inzendingen zal een selectie worden gemaakt voor de workshop eventueel met videofragmenten wanneer de vraag betrekking heeft op toepassing van het EMDR protocol.
Somatic insufficiently explained physical complaints (SOLK) are physical symptoms that are not - or not entirely - be explained by a disease known as chronic pain, tinnitus, chronic fatigue, conversion or irritable bowel symptoms. When the limitations due to physical problems are significant and / or there is considerable suffering than there is a somatoform disorder according to DSM-IV.
There is evidence that traumatic experiences may play a role in causing SOLK and somatoform disorders. Unprocessed traumatic memories can also play a role in the maintenance of SOLK (of Red and the Rose, in press). A systematic review of the available studies show that EMDR is an effective treatment for SOLK as physical trauma related symptoms (of the Red and Rose 2009).
This workshop is based on a diagnostic model for SOLK (the consequence model) illustrated the role that traumatic memories can play in maintaining a SOLK and how this relates to the role of the other sustaining effects. Afterwards there will be three to five cases of central workshop participants are discussed. For this we ask you to 1 March 2012 e-mail with a brief case study and your questions or yrvanrood@lumc.nl cderoos@ggzkinderenenjeugd.nl stating VEN 2012 congress will be a selection from the submissions made for the workshop, possibly with video clips when the question relates to application of the EMDR.
Keywords: SOLK Somatic Insufficiently Explained Physical Complaints
Accuracy Verified: Yes
237. Blore, D. (2009). EMDR for mining and related trauma: The underground trauma protocol. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 215-232). New York: Springer Publishing Co.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The author has been providing EMDR to traumatized miners since 1993. As with other specialized client groups, the Single Trauma (STP) and Recent Trauma Protocol (RTP) have required modifications. The author has collated the modifications made, and presented them here as the Underground Trauma Protocol (UTP). The UTP is intended to provide a rapid and effective method of conducting EMDR with traumatized miners and other similar, very specific, client groups. The principal use of the UTP is for traumatized miners of coal, gold, nickel, gems, and so forth. It has also been used with the following populations: traumatized tunnelers (e.g., excavators of tunnels in both war and peace); those traumatized in rail accidents in tunnels (e.g., fire in Channel Tunnel, Kings Cross tube fire); those traumatized in underground leisure pursuits (e.g., exploration of caves, pot holing); those traumatized by being trapped (e.g., in collapsed buildings as in Turkish earthquakes); and those traumatized during 9/11 in New York and the 7/7 bombings in London. The author recommends that the treatment of this client group only be undertaken by fully trained EMDR clinicians who have experience with modifying protocols and existing clinical experience of using cognitive interweave. The Underground Trauma Protocol Script is provided. [PsycINFO Datab]
Keywords: Disasters Mining Trauma Underground Trauma Underground Trauma Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
238. Blore, D. C. (2000). EMDR for mining and related trauma: The underground trauma protocol (UTP). The EMDR Practitioner. Retrieved from http://www.emdr-practitioner.net 12/27/2008.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
The author has now been providing EMDR to traumatised miners for almost seven years. As with other specialised client groups, the single trauma (STP) and recent trauma protocols (RTP), have required modifications. The author has collated the modifications made, and presented them here as 'The Underground Trauma Protocol (UTP)'. The UTP is intended to provide a rapid and effective method of conducting EMDR with traumatised miners and other similar, very specific, client groups. The author welcomes feedback on its use.[Author abstract]
Accuracy Verified: Yes
239. Kim, D. (2010, July). EMDR for the treatment of schizophrenia. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Despite standard treatment with antipsychotic medication, many individuals with schizophrenia continue to suffer from
significant residual symptoms and functional disabilities. Thus, psychosocial treatment for this difficult-to-treat disorder
is warranted. Given the high prevalence of trauma in this population, role of life events, and stressful treatment-related
adversities, EMDR is suggested to have an important place in the treatment and management of schizophrenia. This presentation will first provide the background of using EMDR for this population, then, procedural considerations. Finally,
two case reports and results of a randomized clinical trial done with acute phase schizophrenia will be demonstrated.
Keywords: Schizophrenia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
240. Fizel, D., Shapiro, F., Borderson, G., & Frank-NcNeil, J. (1997). EMDR for trauma (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Language: English
Format: Video
Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is an approach that combines elements of the major therapeutic schools (e.g., cognitive, behavioral, psychodynamic, physiological, and interactional). Although eye movement stimulation has garnered the most attention professionally and publicly, EMDR actually involves a much broader spectrum of interventions which are organized into eight phases of therapy. EMDR is based on the assumption that specific experiences from the past continue to guide the client's responses in the present. To influence such experiences from the past, EMDR draws on an information processing model of behavior. Disturbing trauma-related information is believed to be held in the patient's nervous system in state-dependent form (e.g., the perceptions and sensations experienced at the time of the trauma are encoded in the nervous system). EMDR allows the processing of this information so that what is useful from the experience can be learned; stored appropriately, cognitively and affectively; and made available for behavioral guidance in the future. EMDR allows clients to access and reprocess these experiences as well as to learn new skills and behaviors for managing future life events. The goal of EMDR is to produce the most comprehensive and profound treatment effects in the shortest period of time, while helping the client to remain reasonably stable. [Videorecording : DVD video 1 videodisc (53 min.) : sd., col. ; 4 3/4 in.]
Keywords: Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
241. Shapiro, F., & Broderson, G. (1997). EMDR for trauma: Eye movement desenitization and reprocessing. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Language: English
Format: Video
Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a complex treatment approach that combines salient elements of the major therapeutic schools (e.g., cognitive, behavioral, psychodynamic, physiological, and interactional). Although the eye movement stimulation (and other forms of dual stimulation used in the approach) have garnered the most attention professionally and publicly, EMDR actually involves a much broader spectrum of interventions, which are organized into eight phases of therapy. Currently, 13 completed controlled studies of EMDR make it one of the most researched methods of psychotherapy used in the treatment of trauma. Its efficacy has been supported by these studies: the four most recent studies of victims who have suffered single traumas have demonstrated that after the equivalent of three 90-minute sessions, 84% to 90% of patients no longer have symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Rothbaum, 1997; Wilson, Becker, & Tinker, 1995).
EMDR is based on the assumption that specific experiences from the past continue to guide the client`s responses in the present. These experiences can be the "big T" traumas that result in PTSD or the "small t" traumas that are the ubiquitous experiences known to have a less dramatic but still negative impact on personality and behavior.
To influence such experiences from the past, EMDR draws on an information processing model of behavior. Conceptually, disturbing trauma-related information is believed to be held in the patient`s nervous system in state-dependent form (e.g., the perceptions and sensations experienced at the time of the trauma are encoded in the nervous system). EMDR allows the processing of this information in an adaptive fashion so that what is useful from the experience can be learned; stored appropriately, cognitively, and affectively; and made available for behavioral guidance in the future. What is useless to adaptation, such as excess negative emotions, irrational self-assessments, and disturbing physical sensations, can be discarded.
Assessment is focused not on global diagnoses but rather on specific delineations of problematic behaviors, attitudes, and affects that need to be transmuted to allow for adaptive resolution of trauma or conflict. Specifically, the EMDR clinician asks, what is the patient being influenced by past experiences to do in the present that is dysfunctional and what is he or she prevented from doing that would be adaptive?
Although originally applied to PTSD, EMDR shows promise in a variety of clinical complaints that are based on earlier life experiences that underlie the pathology and current experiences and that restimulate the disturbance. EMDR allows clients to access and reprocess these experiences as well as to learn new skills and behaviors for managing future life events. In all cases, the goal of EMDR is to produce the most comprehensive and profound treatment effects in the shortest period of time, while helping the client to remain reasonably stable.
EMDR as an eight-phase intervention approach can be considered a complete treatment in some clinical cases, or it may be part of a more complex treatment plan that includes other more traditional approaches to treating a specific pathology (e.g., borderline personality disorder). Within this latter integrative context, EMDR appears to be useful for a broad range of clinical complaints and seems to provide more rapid achievement of positive treatment effects than do these more traditional approaches alone.
Dr. Shapiro identifies her approach as "eye movement desensitization and reprocessing." What does this imply to you? More specifically, what do you expect of her? Will Dr. Shapiro be active or passive? Will the session be structured or unstructured? Directive or nondirective? Will it focus on the past or on the present? Will the session focus on behaviors, on thoughts, or on feelings? What do you expect to be the relative balance between attention to technique versus the interpersonal interaction?
Keywords: Client Francine Shapiro Male
Accuracy Verified: Yes
242. Kim, D. (2003, November). EMDR for treatment of PTSD. Presentation at the annual conference of the Korean Society for Anxiety Disorders, Seoul, Korea.
Language: Korean
Format: Conference
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
243. Chemtob, C., & Nakashima, J. (1997, June). EMDR for treatment resistant children with disaster related distress. EMDR research with children and adolescents. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, San Francisco, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Adolescents Children Disaster-Related Stress Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
244. Farrell, D., Tareen, S., & Keenan, P. (2008, November). EMDR HAP training in Pakistan in the aftermath of the 2005 earthquake and the ‘War on terror’. Presentation at the 24th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
On Saturday 8th October 2005, a devastating earthquake
measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale struck northern Pakistan. The
magnitude of the earthquake wiped out entire villages and
communities, destroyed 400,000 houses and created over 73,000
fatalities and 135,000 people injured.
EMDR UK & Ireland, EMDR Europe, the British/ Pakistani
Psychiatric Association & the University of Birmingham supported
an eighteen month Humanitarian Assistance Programme to help
train forty-nine mental health workers, mainly psychiatrists and
psychologists from the earthquake affected areas, in the theory
and practice of EMDR in the management of psychological trauma.
This programme was one of the first University based HAP
trainings in EMDR ever to be undertaken.
This paper will provide an insight into the development and
progression of the trainings in light of the ongoing political
problems in Pakistan both in terms of post earthquake
reconstruction and the continued threat of terrorist attacks
throughout Pakistan. It will also consider cultural perspectives of
trauma and how this related to both EMDR and the conceptual
framework of PTSD. The paper will also highlight some of the
psychometric data acquired from survivors from the earthquake
areas and demonstrate the ways in which EMDR is being utilised
as a psychological treatment intervention in Northern Pakistan.
Keywords: Earthquake HAP Pakistan
Accuracy Verified: Yes
245. Farrell, D. (2008, November). EMDR HAP training in Pakistan in the aftermath of the 2005 earthquake and the ‘war on terror’. Symposium conducted at the 24th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
On Saturday 8th October 2005, a devastating earthquake
measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale struck northern Pakistan. The
magnitude of the earthquake wiped out entire villages and
communities, destroyed 400,000 houses and created over 73,000
fatalities and 135,000 people injured.
EMDR UK & Ireland, EMDR Europe, the British/ Pakistani
Psychiatric Association & the University of Birmingham supported
an eighteen month Humanitarian Assistance Programme to help
train forty-nine mental health workers, mainly psychiatrists and
psychologists from the earthquake affected areas, in the theory
and practice of EMDR in the management of psychological trauma.
This programme was one of the first University based HAP
trainings in EMDR ever to be undertaken.
This paper will provide an insight into the development and
progression of the trainings in light of the ongoing political
problems in Pakistan both in terms of post earthquake
reconstruction and the continued threat of terrorist attacks
throughout Pakistan. It will also consider cultural perspectives of
trauma and how this related to both EMDR and the conceptual
framework of PTSD. The paper will also highlight some of the
psychometric data acquired from survivors from the earthquake
areas and demonstrate the ways in which EMDR is being utilised
as a psychological treatment intervention in Northern Pakistan.
Keywords: Earthquake HAP Pakistan Symposium Terror
Accuracy Verified: Yes
246. Ichii, M. (2010, July). EMDR history in Asia: Past, present and future. Keynote presented at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
To know the present status of EMDR in Asian countries:
Method: Inquiries by e-mail to the representatives of Asian countries and related US or European people
were sent. Replies were received from countries like Australia, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India,
Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, and Thailand.
Questions were on the origin of EMDR, the first training, the number of trainings so far, the number
of trained practitioners, credentials, academic organization, acceptance from government, media, and
professional world, future possibilities, and difficulties expected.
Results: Some countries like Australia, Japan and Korea have already reached the moderate stage, but still they have problems
to be solved. In Australia, their first training was in 1993 and many therapists have received training, but, organization
started very recently and network is not strong. In Japan, Japan EMDR Association has more than 800 members and started
publishing their own academic journal in 2009. However sceptical statements about EMDR can be seen in some books on
trauma. In Korea, they have health insurance system for EMDR but practitioners are few. The other countries are in the early
stage to grow the EMDR community or support the EMDR therapists. Most of them began the history after a big natural
disaster like Tsunami or earthquake. HAP from Europe and/or US supports their beginning. The first Asian conference could
be a good opportunity to start mutual understanding and cooperation in Asia.
Keywords: Asia Keynote History
Accuracy Verified: Yes
247. Hase, M. (2001, May). EMDR in a critical incident in Germany (prison riot). Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The prison system serves, among many others, one important goal: to separate those members
of society, who are dangerous to others, from the more peaceful and law-abiding majority. As
a consequence one could assume that the inmates of a prison from a, subgroup of human
beings, distinct by their aggressive potential. Though this is not true for all of the prisoners, it may be true for many of them. It is a well known fact, at least in Germany, that procedures
for controlling the safety in a prison, can't eliminate criminal behaviour or dealing with drugs
in a prison. One could assume, that even if an adequate standard of safety is upheld, a prison
would be a dangerous place to work in and that prison staff would be at a considerable risk of
being traumatised at work. In the prison system in Lower Saxony, Germany, between 5 and
10 recently traumatised staff are invited to participate in a group consultation each year. The
number of unrecorded cases is certainly much higher. In contrast there is not much literature about traumatisation of prison staff. On the other hand
prison staff are regarded as a population often reluctant to engage in psychotherapy and
leaving psychotherapy prematurely, without a significant treatment effect.
On 13th of August 1999 a prisoner attacked prison staff at Uelzen prison in Lower Saxony,
Germany. The perpetrator killed two members of staff, wounded two others severely and
committed suicide immediately afterwards. More members of staff suffered from the
psychological effects of the violence. The Critical Incident Team within the Ministry of
Justice provided intensive care and counselling. 15 members of staff were identified as a
high risk group to develop PTSD. 10 members of staff began psychotherapy. 7 qualified for
a diagnosis of PTSD, 3 for related diagnoses, according to ICD-10 criteria None of them left
therapy prematurely. One member of staff suffered from the effects of a civil war situation
experienced 15 years before, with a late onset PTSD triggered by vicarious traumatisation.
Only one remains out of work, but does not qualify for a diagnosis of PTSD at present. Three
are still in therapy. 7 patents ended therapy with a complete recovery. EMDR was applied to
great extent in 9 of the 10 cases. EMDR was tolerated well and proved to be fast and
efficient. Treatment effects seem to last over time. Setting the focus on the trauma and using
EMDR as a specific psychotherapeutic method seems to provide an accepted strategy with
significant gains for this population.
Keywords: Critical Incident Prison Recent Events Riot
Accuracy Verified: Yes
248. Mehrotra, S. (2013, June). EMDR in Asia: Needs, challenges and way ahead. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Geneva, Switzerland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This paper tries to highlight the milestones of some of the Asian EMDR Associations and the evolution of EMDR Asia and the practices and challenges faced. Some of the issues are related to the parity of trainees’ qualifications with those from USA, Europe and within Asia. Similarly it impacts upon the training standards. Attention is also drawn to the cultural, language and economical diversity. The task ahead is to reinforce the uniformity of EMDR practice by developing accreditation procedures, standardization, training standards, contents and duration, selection criteria and requirements for the trainees and trainers, certification process, curriculum, linkages with associations, methods of supervision and consultation. UN agencies have a huge presence in Asia for developmental and relief work. UN agencies engaged in a wide range of the health spectrum could make a huge difference if they promoted the efficacy of EMDR for effective management of psychological health. This would include the use of EMDR not only for manmade and natural disasters, but also for other chronic and life threatening illnesses e.g. HIV, cancer and other psycho-social issues related to mental health.
Keywords: Asia Diversity Keynote
Accuracy Verified: Yes
249. Carlson, J. G., Chemtob, C. M., Rusnak, K., Hedlund, N. L., & Muroaka, M. Y. (1995, June). EMDR in combat-related PTSD: A controlled study. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In view of potential, but largely undocumented benefits of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as an intervention for PTSD in combat veterans, in our laboratory a study of EMDR treatment included (1) randomized patient assignment, (2) clinically appropriate comparison (treatment and control) groups, (3) a 12-session EMDR protocol administered by experienced, EMDR trained clinicians, and (4) extensive clinical assessment, including physiological evaluation at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. Thirty-five veterans who met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD completed an extensive multimodal assessment protocol. Assessment instruments included: The Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD, the Impact of Events Scale (IES), the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), a self-rating of overall severity of "PTSD symptoms," the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventories (STAI). In addition, each subject completed a Stressful Scene Construction Questionnaire (SSCQ) in which scripts of specific traumatic combat incidents were prepared for presentation during psychophysiological assessment. Following pre-assessment, a subset of the subjects constituted a waiting list control (CON, N = 12). Routine clinical care for these subjects was available at the VA Medical Center. Seven of these subjects also participated in group sessions for discussion of PTSD designed as an attentional control. There were no differences between the two control subgroups and their data was combined for all subsequent analyses. For the treatment groups, subjects assigned to the EMDR (EMD, N = 10) and relaxation (RXT, N = 13) groups were seated in a semi-reclined chair and continuous measures were taken of muscle tension levels (four sites), hand temperature, skin conductance levels, heart rate, and blood pressure. For all subjects, there were 20 minutes in each of the baseline sessions with no additional stimuli presented. At the end of session 2 of baseline, the patients remained in the experimental room and were assessed for an additional 20 minutes (pre-treatment) during which the SSCQ scripts also were presented. There were two sessions per week with a minimum of one day between sessions. Each subsequent treatment session for the EMD and RXT subjects was approximately 60 minutes in duration, allowing for set-up time and briefing. In the EMD group, a standard protocol for the EMDR interventions was administered, including periodic SUDS ratings and VoC scaling of combat and related images and cognitions (cf Shapiro, 1995). In the RXT group, home relaxation tapes and biofeedback on four sites (face, neck, arm, and back) to assist lowered muscle tension were provided. Following 12 treatment sessions (post-treatment), and again after three months (follow-up) the psychometric instruments and psychophysiological assessment were readministered using the format outlined above. Relative to the other conditions, the EMDR treatment produced substantially more positive clinical effects at post-treatment and follow-up. Comparing the EMD group to the CON group, significant effects (p<.05 or better) were obtained on measures of PTSD including the Mississippi and PTSD symptoms self-rating, and on the Beck and STAI-Trait. Comparing the EMD group to the RXT subjects, significant differences were found on the Mississippi, the IES-Intrusion scale, the CAPS, PTSD symptoms ratings, and the STAI-Trait scale. No differences were obtained on any of the physiological measures. Therefore, the present results support the effectiveness of EMDR with combat veterans with chronic PTSD. The data strongly suggest that some previous negative results obtained when EMDR was applied to chronic and severe combat PTSD may have resulted from methodological artifacts, such as inadequate amount of treatment and therapist inexperience. While the failure to find physiological effects is consistent with results of other controlled treatment exposure trials in PTSD, this finding raises clinical and conceptual questions with respect to the arousal component of the disorder.
Keywords: Combat Controlled Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
250. Rost, C. (2003). EMDR in der behandlung von chronischen schmerzen [EMDR in the treatment of chronic pain]. Zeitschrift für Psychotraumatologie und Psychologische Medizin, 1 (3), 7-15.
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Psychologische Behandlung von traumatischen Belastungsstörungen mit EMDR
Chronische Schmerzen sind in unserer Gesellschaft weit verbreitet und machen das medizinische System immer noch große Probleme. Auffallend ist das häufige gemeinsame Auftreten von psychischen Störungen. Die Bedeutung von Emotionen in Schmerzwahrnehmung und-verarbeitung hat nur in den letzten Jahren untersucht worden. Bisher gibt es nur wenige Studien über die Rolle des Traumas in die Geschichte und das gleichzeitige Auftreten von chronischen Schmerzen und posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen. Diese Kombination hat Versuche Behandlung von chronischen Schmerzen mit EMDR geführt. Die ersten Ergebnisse der Pilotstudien mit chronischen Schmerzen und Phantomschmerzen Mut zu tun, um diese Anwendung von EMDR am erkunden. Die persönlichen Erfahrungen von Patienten mit chronischen Schmerzen und begleitende PTSD positiv auf die Behandlung von EMDR mit einer Reduktion der Symptome und Schmerzen in Zusammenhang stehen.
Psychological treatment of traumatic stress disorders with EMDR
Chronic pain is widespread in our society and make the medical system still major problems. Striking is the frequent co-occurrence of mental disorders. The importance of emotion in pain perception and processing has been examined only in recent years. So far there are only few studies on the role of trauma in the history and the simultaneous occurrence of chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder. This combination has led to attempts at treatment of chronic pain with EMDR. The first results of pilot studies to do with chronic pain and phantom pain courage to explore this application of EMDR on. The personal experiences of patients with chronic pain and concomitant PTSD are positively related to the treatment of EMDR with a reduction of symptoms and pain.
Keywords: Comorbidity, Physical Pain, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
251. Rost, C. (2009). EMDR in der behandlung von trauma bedingten angststorungen [EMDR in the treatment of trauma-related anxiety disorders]. In R. Plassmann (Hg.), Im eigenen rhythmus, die EMDR-behandlung von essstörungen, bindungsstörungen, allergien, schmerz, angststörungen, tinnitus und süchten (pp. 149-153). Giessen, Germany: Psychosozial-Verlag.
Language: German
Format: Book Section
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Trauma Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
252. Hofmann, A., Ebner, F., & Rost, C. (1997). EMDR in der therapie posttraumatischer belastungsstörungen [Post traumatic stress disorder, and neurophysiological bases of EMDR as a new treatment method]. Fundamenta Psychiatrica, 11, 74 -78..
Language: German
Format: Journal
Keywords: Neurophysiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
253. Ali, M. W. (2009, June). EMDR in PSTD patients of the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan. In A. de Jongh (Chair), PTSD research. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Earthquake Pakistan Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Research Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
254. Fannin, J. L. (1998, July). EMDR in the treatment of anxiety as it pertains to work-related issues. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will: 1) learn the components to the Reality Model and how each component impacts a person's behavior; 2) understand how specific measurement instruments can distinguish one's thinking and behavioral styles and in turn lead to the identification of one or more negative cognitions to be used in the EMDR process; and 3) learn key stratregies to making the EMDR process more effective in turning new skills into productive habits for the clients' daily life.
Keywords: Anxiety Reality Model Work-Related Issues
Accuracy Verified: Yes
255. McGoldrick, T., Brown, K., & Begum, M. (2011, March). EMDR in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder & olfactory reference syndrome: A case series. Symposium conducted at the 9th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland, Bristol.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and a related condition Olfactory Reference Syndrome
(ORS) have been debated for over a century regarding their nosology and treatment. Recent reviews
suggest a variable response to various pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. The effects of EMDR on
such cases have not yet been sufficiently explored. Here we present 18 cases of both these conditions
with a high success rate using EMDR. We explore the relationship between them and offer a
hypothesis to explain the aetiology based on the Adaptive Information Processing Model (AIP).
Keywords: BDD Body Dysmorphic Disorder Olfactory Reference Syndrome ORS Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
256. Mazzola, A., Calcagno, M. L., Goicochea, M. T., Pueyrredňn, H., Leston, J., & Salvat, F. (2009). EMDR in the treatment of chronic pain. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(2), 66-79. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.2.66.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Chronic pain can significantly diminish life quality, causing depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances, and may lead to neuroplastic processes that influence pain modulation. The current study investigated eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment of 38 patients suffering from chronic pain with 12 weekly 90-minute sessions. A battery of self-reported questionnaires assessing quality of life, pain intensity, and depression level were administered pre- and posttreatment for objective outcome evaluation. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM was administered at pretreatment to identify participants' personality traits that may influence pain perception. Patients showed statistically significant improvement relative to baseline after 12 weeks of EMDR treatment. Our findings suggest that EMDR is an effective tool in the psychological treatment of chronic pain, resulting in decrease pain sensations, pain-related negative affect, and anxiety and depression levels. We examine possible theories about the mechanisms by which EMDR achieves these effects. Results were consistent with the underlying EMDR premise that posits the important effect of emotions on pain perception.
Keywords: Chronic Pain Neuroplastic Processes Pain Modulation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
257. Schneider, J., Hofmann, A., Rost, C., & Shapiro, F. (2008, January-February). EMDR in the treatment of chronic phantom limb pain: Theoretical implications, case study, and treatment guidelines. Pain Medicine, 9(1), 76-82. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2007.00299.x.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Objective: Little research substantiates long-term gains in the treatment of phantom limb pain. This report describes and evaluates an eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment with extensive follow-up. Design: A case series of phantom limb pain patients. Setting. In-patient hospitalization and out-patient private practice. Patients: Case series of five patients with phantom limb pain ranging from 1 to 16 years. All patents were on extensive medication regimens prior to EMDR. Interventions: Three to 15 sessions of EMDR were used to treat the pain and the psychological ramifications. Outcome Measures: Patients were measured for continued use of medications, pain intensity/frequency, psychological trauma, and depression. Results: EMDR resulted in a significant decrease or elimination of phantom pain, reduction in depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms to subclinical levels, and significant reduction or elimination of medications related to the phantom pain and nociceptive pain at long-term follow-up. Conclusions: The overview and long-term follow-up indicate that EMDR was successful in the treatment of both the phantom limb pain and the psychological consequences of amputation. The latter include issues of personal loss, grief, self-image, and social adjustment. These results suggest that (1) a significant aspect of phantom limb pain is the physiological memory storage of the nociceptive pain sensations experienced at the time of the event and (2) these memories can be successfully reprocessed. Further research is needed to explore the theoretical and treatment implications of this information-processing approach. [PubMed]
Keywords: Chronic Pain Empirical Study Follow-up Study Phantom Limb Pain Quantitative Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
258. van Rood, Y. R., & de Roos, C. (2009). EMDR in the treatment of medically unexplained symptoms: A systematic review. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(4), 248-263. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.4.248.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This systematic review presents evidence for the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and
reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of a diverse range of medically unexplained symptoms (MUS).
Theoretical underpinning, variations in interventions, methodological issues, and outcomes are
discussed, and implications for future research and clinical practice are presented. Considering the
limited number of reported case series and the lack of controlled studies, it might be concluded that
EMDR for MUS is only in its infancy. The preliminary results suggest that EMDR might be an effective
treatment for MUS and somatoform disorders, particularly when they are related to trauma. To date, the
results for phantom limb pain are the most promising.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Medically Unexplained Symptoms MUS Somatoform Disorders Systematic Review
Accuracy Verified: Yes
259. Aytun, O. A. (2010, June). The EMDR integrated group treatment with child victims of a terrorist. In treatment of children/acute stress. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The present study is carried out within a psychological
counseling project which is governed by Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. The study was designed to assess the effects
of EMDR Integrated Group Treatment Protocol (EMDR-ICTP:
on the child victims of a terrorist bombing in Gun Goren, Istanbul.
In this study the EMDR-IGTP was used with 60 children
who are in 5th, 3rd and 4th grade and effected by the event
(exposed, witnessed or their relatives harmed, etc.) with high
scores on the Turkish version of 'Impact of Event Scale' (IES).
Before the group session. Child Report of Post-Traumatic Symptoms
(CROPS) and a survey asking 5 stress-related symptoms
of their lives after the bomb attack were applied. The group sessions consist of: meeting with children. explaining trauma,
psychological debriefing, EMDR (Installing the safe place, assessment,
drawing the first picture, drawing the second and the
third picture, tapping, relaxation), healing story and art therapy.
Participants completed another survey about what they have
realized during and after their group experience.
The study is completed with a re-evaluation of one and three
months follow-up. Analyses of the data collected from the participants
will demonstrate the effectiveness of EMDR in group
setting with children for reducing traumatic symptoms and developing
new resources to handle problems. In this study the
effectiveness of EMDR is examined according to the difference
between the ages of children, and the level of exposure (witnessing,
watching on TV etc.) to the traumatic event.
Keywords: Acute Stress Children Group Therapy Symposium Terrorism Victims
Accuracy Verified: Yes
260. Jarero, I., Artigas, L., & Hartung, J. (2006). EMDR integrative group treatment protocol: A postdisaster trauma intervention for children and adults. Traumatology, 12(2), 121-129. doi: 10.1177/1534765606294561.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is recognized as an effective and efficient treatment for trauma-related issues. This article describes an integrated EMDR and group treatment for children and adults traumatized by natural disasters in several Latin American countries. This protocol combines the eight standard EMDR treatment phases with a group therapy model. The hypothesis is that the resulting hybrid offers more extensive reach than did the original EMDR model, which was intended for use with individuals, and takes treatment efficacy and efficiency well beyond that expected from traditional group process. To illustrate the application of the model, one formally measured field study and nine pilot projects are described. The promising results of this intervention suggest that EMDR is an effective means of providing treatment to large groups of people impacted by large-scale traumatic events (e.g., natural disasters). Controlled research is needed to clarify this issue.
Keywords: Children Latin America Natural Disaster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
261. Albright, D. L., & Thyer, B. (2010, November). EMDR is not an empirically supported treatment for combat-related PTSD…yet: A response to Elisha C. Hurley, Dmin, Colonel, USA (Retired). Behavioral Interventions, 25(4), 355-360. doi:10.1002/bin.304.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Keywords: Combat-Related PSTD Letter Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
262. Marich, J. (2011). EMDR made simple: 4 approaches to using EMDR with every client. Eau Claire, WI: Premier Publishing & Media .
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has established itself as an evidence-based psychotherapy for the treatment of trauma and other related mental health disorders. Despite the numerous studies touting EMDR’s efficacy, it is still largely regarded as too complicated to understand, a major factor in why many who have been trained in EMDR no longer use it. EMDR Made Simple: 4 Approaches to Using EMDR with Every Client offers a fresh approach to understanding, conceptualizing, and ultimately implementing EMDR into clinical settings.
Dr. Jamie Marich brings in her clinical experience from other modalities and disciplines to show that EMDR is more than just a series of protocols that need to be mastered in order for it to be effective. Using common sense language, clinical cases, and practical examples, EMDR Made Simple will give you the tools to build on your existing clinical knowledge and make EMDR work for you and your clients.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
263. Hacker-Hughes, J., & Wesson, M. (2008, June). EMDR on the frontline: Early interventions during military operations. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Some of the earliest applications of EMDR were with military veterans (Shapiro 1995, Shapiro & Forrest 1997).
EMDR is now widely used to treat UK military personnel suffering from combat related PTSD. This presentation
will consider extending the use of EMDR as an early intervention during frontline operations. Research suggests
the importance of early detection in PTSD (Lee et al 2005) and the benefits of early intervention (North 2001).
Current practice is that UK personnel who are having significant difficulties in functioning after exposure to
trauma are sent back to the UK for treatment after a brief period of watchful waiting. This is can be detrimental,
both to the unit and individual (Shepard 2000, Solomon et al 2005). EMDR offers a potential solution to this
problem. A case study will be presented of a soldier who was suffering significant post trauma symptoms whilst
serving in Afghanistan. Through the successful use of EMDR in theatre just 2 weeks after the trigger event, he
was able to resume his normal duties and hence avoid the negative effects of being returned to the UK for
treatment. The use of EMDR as a frontline treatment has far reaching implications but currently there is little
evidence for its use as an early intervention with military personnel (Russell 2006). Future research to evaluate
this novel application of EMDR is planned. This presentation will introduce participants to the challenges of
providing psychological treatment during military operations and the potential value of EMDR in this setting.
Keywords: Early Interventions Military
Accuracy Verified: Yes
264. Lendl, J., & Foster, S. (2009). EMDR performance and enhancement psychology protocol. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 377-396). New York: Springer Publishing Co.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The EMDR Performance Enhancement Psychology Protocol (EMDR-PEP) addresses performance anxiety, self-defeating beliefs, behavioral inhibition, posttraumatic stress, and psychological recovery from injury for creative and performing artists, workplace employees, and athletes. The EMDR-PEP can be very useful with everyday nonpathological complaints such as procrastination, fear of failure, setbacks, and life transitions. Note: Clinicians, working with athletes require rigorous training in Sport Psychology and Sociology of Professional Sport. The EMDR-PEP encompasses a full spectrum viewpoint (body, mind, and spirit) regarding optimal functioning at work and in life. This perspective inspires clients to identify their strengths as well as areas to improve and to prioritize their work accordingly. The EMDR-PEP approach draws upon Maslow's (1971) Human Potential Movement and Positive Psychology (Amen, 2002; Buss, 2000; Csikzentmihalyi, 1990; Seligman, 1998; Taylor, Kemeny, Reed, Bower, & Gruenwald, 2000), as well as Sport Psychology Research and Principles (levleva & Orlick, 1991; Kohl, Ellis, & Roenkerm, 1992; Mamassis & Doganis, 2004; Martin, Moritz, & Hall, 1999; Nideffer, 1976; Short & Short, 2005; Simons, 2000; Unestahl, 1982), and Health Psychology (Graham, 1995; Levine, 1991; Simonton & Creighton, 1982; Whiting & den Brinker, 1982). The first single subject series (Foster & Lendl, 1996) reported promising findings with four diverse work-related situations and was republished in APA's seminal coaching papers in Consulting Psychology, The Wisdom of Coaching (Foster & Lendl, 2007). Reduced anxiety and increased self-confidence were reported for mature performing artists launching an existing repertoire into a new arena (Foster, 2000) and in a controlled study of master swimmers (Linebarger, 2005). Note: The Linebarger study included the Brief Intervention Focusing Protocol; the paper does not include inner advisor and mental room. Special attention is given to performance elements such as ability, focus, and motivation. The EMDR Performance Enhancement Psychology protocol Forms and Script are included. [PsycINFO Database]
Keywords: Performance Enhancement Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
265. Silver, S. (2004, July). EMDR proves effective at Pennsylvania VA facility. U.S. Medicine.
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
EMDR Prom Effective At Pennsylvanin VA Facility
In Sandra Basu's interesting article on the work of military mental health professionals
responding to wmbat stress reactions rNavy Used ID, Prevention To Ease Combat Stress,"
p.1, U.S. MEDICINE, April 20041, there is one comment which might mislead readers.
Discussing the work of Dr. Mark Russell using Eye Movement Desensitization and
Reprocessing (EMDR), she writes "DoD does not have an official stance on the procedure,
neither endokii it nor disapproving of if according to a Navy spokesperson."
Keywords: Letter VA Veteran's Administration
Accuracy Verified: Yes
266. Maxfield, L., & Smyth, N. (2009, August). EMDR research: Where we stand, where we should go, and why we should care. Plenary at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The panel reviews EMDR research, explains the strengths and weaknesses of its current status, and discusses possible future research in the next 5 to 10 years. The panel begins with a discussion of the meaning of “evidence-based” designations, and related legal and ethical implications. A review of EMDR’s efficacy in the treatment of PTSD also highlights areas for future research and issues related to deviations from the standard protocol. This is followed by an overview of preliminary research evaluating EMDR’s effectiveness in the treatment of anxiety disorders, depression, somatic disorders, pain, substance abuse, and offender behavior. A summary of past and current research in these areas indicates opportunities for important future research. The panel concludes with a summary of the research on the effects of eye movements, in disrupting traumatic memories, enhancing physiological de-arousal, and creating psychological distance. The relevance of these findings for various proposed mechanisms in EMDR is discussed, and future research is encouraged.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
267. de Roos, C. & Veenstra, S. (2008, Februar/Juni). EMDR schmerzprotokoll (für aktuelle schmerzen) [EMDR (for current pain) pain protocol]. EMDRIA Deutschland e.V. Rundbrief, 15, 12-18.
Language: German
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Erinnerungen an traumatische Ereignisse oder schmerzbezogene Erinnerungen, die
gegenwärtig noch negative Affekte hervorrufen und eine dysfunktionale Bedeutung haben,
kann man zuvor mit Hilfe des Standardprotokolls prozessieren. Dieses EMDR
Schmerzprotokoll wurde für aktuelle Schmerzen als Zielsymptom entwickelt. Die Zielsetzung
dieses Schmerzprotokolls besteht in der Reduktion aktueller Schmerzen.
Memories of traumatic events or pain-related memories,
currently still cause negative emotions and have a dysfunctional importance
before one can litigate with the standard protocol. The EMDR
Pain protocol was developed for current pain as a target symptom. The objective
Minutes of this pain is the reduction of current pain.
Keywords: Current Pain Pain Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
268. Shapiro, R. (2005). EMDR solutions: Pathways to healing. New York: W W Norton & Co.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
This book is a manual for doing EMDR with diverse client populations. [Text, P. 3]TOPICS TREATED: The strategic developmental model for EMDR; Integrating resource development strategies into your EMDR practice; EMDR for clients with dissociative identity disorder, DDNOS, and ego states; EMDR processing with dissociative clients: adjunctive use of opioid antagonists; The phantom limb pain protocol; The two-hand interweave; DeTUR, an urge reduction protocol for addictions and dysfunctional behaviors; Targeting positive affect to clear the pain of unrequited love, codependence, avoidance, and procrastination; The reenactment protocol for trauma and trauma-related pain; EMDR with cultural and generational introjects; Exiting the binge-diet cycle; Utilizing EMDR and DBT techniques in trauma and abuse recovery groups; Using EMDR in couples therapy; EMDR with clients with mental disability; Treating anxiety disorders with EMDR; Affect regulation for children through art, play, and storytelling. [Pilots]
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
269. Landin-Romero, R., Novo, P., Vicens, V., McKenna, P. J., Santed, A., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Salgado-Pineda, P., Shapiro. F., & Amann, B. L. (2013, March). EMDR therapy modulates the default mode network in a subsyndromal, traumatized bipolar patient. Neuropsychobiology, 67(3), 181-184. doi:10.1159/000346654.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background: Some functional imaging abnormalities found in bipolar disorder are state related, whereas others persist into euthymia. It is uncertain to what extent these latter changes may reflect continuing subsyndromal affective fluctuations and whether those can be modulated by therapeutic interventions. Method: We report functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings during performance of the n-back working memory task in a bipolar patient who showed a marked improvement in subsyndromal affective symptoms after receiving eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in the context of a clinical trial. Results: The patient's clinical improvement was accompanied by marked changes in functional imaging, as compared to 30 healthy subjects. fMRI changes were noted particularly in deactivation, with failure of deactivation in the medial frontal cortex partially normalizing after treatment. Conclusions: This case supports the potential therapeutic overall benefit of EMDR in traumatized bipolar patients and suggests a possible neurobiological mechanism of action: normalization of default mode network dysfunction.
Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Keywords: Bipolar Disorder Subsyndromal Affective Symptoms
Accuracy Verified: Yes
270. Landin-Romero, R., Novo, P., Vicens, V., McKenna, P. J., Santed, A., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Salgado-Pineda, P., Shapiro. F., & Amann, B. L. (2013, March). EMDR therapy modulates the default mode network in a subsyndromal, traumatized bipolar patient. Neuropsychobiology, 67(3), 181-184. doi:10.1159/000346654.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background: Some functional imaging abnormalities found in bipolar disorder are state related, whereas others persist into euthymia. It is uncertain to what extent these latter changes may reflect continuing subsyndromal affective fluctuations and whether those can be modulated by therapeutic interventions. Method: We report functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings during performance of the n-back working memory task in a bipolar patient who showed a marked improvement in subsyndromal affective symptoms after receiving eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in the context of a clinical trial. Results: The patient's clinical improvement was accompanied by marked changes in functional imaging, as compared to 30 healthy subjects. fMRI changes were noted particularly in deactivation, with failure of deactivation in the medial frontal cortex partially normalizing after treatment. Conclusions: This case supports the potential therapeutic overall benefit of EMDR in traumatized bipolar patients and suggests a possible neurobiological mechanism of action: normalization of default mode network dysfunction.
Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Keywords: Bipolar Disorder Subsyndromal Affective Symptoms
Accuracy Verified: Yes
271. Landin-Romero, R., Novo, P., Vicens, V., McKenna, P. J., Santed, A., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Salgado-Pineda, P., Shapiro. F., & Amann, B. L. (2013, March). EMDR therapy modulates the default mode network in a subsyndromal, traumatized bipolar patient. Neuropsychobiology, 67(3), 181-184. doi:10.1159/000346654.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background: Some functional imaging abnormalities found in bipolar disorder are state related, whereas others persist into euthymia. It is uncertain to what extent these latter changes may reflect continuing subsyndromal affective fluctuations and whether those can be modulated by therapeutic interventions. Method: We report functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings during performance of the n-back working memory task in a bipolar patient who showed a marked improvement in subsyndromal affective symptoms after receiving eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in the context of a clinical trial. Results: The patient's clinical improvement was accompanied by marked changes in functional imaging, as compared to 30 healthy subjects. fMRI changes were noted particularly in deactivation, with failure of deactivation in the medial frontal cortex partially normalizing after treatment. Conclusions: This case supports the potential therapeutic overall benefit of EMDR in traumatized bipolar patients and suggests a possible neurobiological mechanism of action: normalization of default mode network dysfunction.
Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Keywords: Bipolar Disorder Subsyndromal Affective Symptoms
Accuracy Verified: Yes
272. Vogelmann-Sine, S., Sine, L., & Smyth, N. (1999, October). EMDR to reduce stress and trauma-related symptoms during recovery from chemical dependency. International Journal of Stress Management, 6(4), 285-290. doi:10.1023/A:1021996406108.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The following letter from S. Vogelmann-Sine, L. Sine, and N. Smyth discusses a unique application of a therapeutic method termed "eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)" to chemical dependency, suggesting effects of EMDR additional to its impact on symptoms of current and prior stress/trauma in a patient's life. The method of EMDR ordinarily consists of a number of brief "desensitization" periods during a treatment session in which a patient focuses on imaginal material in relation to movements. These desensitization periods are interrupted by the therapist who will probe for associations and redirect the images for the next period. In addition, the EMDR involves "processing" of negative self-cognitions in relation to the stressor(s) and "installation" of positive self-statements in the course of therapy. Other components of the method are detailed by F. Shapiro(see record 1995-98132-000) in the reference cited by Vogelmann-Sine et al in their letter. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Drug Dependency Emotional Trauma Human Patients Letter Stress Symptoms Trauma-Related Symptoms During Chemical Recovery
Accuracy Verified: Yes
273. Knipe, J. (2012, October). EMDR toolbox: Methods of extending EMDR to traumatized clients with significant vulnerability to dissociative abreaction and/or psychological defenses. Presentation at the 29th annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Long Beach, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Abstract:The focus of this workshop will be to describe a theoretical framework, and specific EMDR-related therapy tools which may be useful during Janets Phase 2, the Phase of trauma processing, for multiply-traumatized clients with Complex PTSD. Points of similarity and difference will be described between the EMDR Adaptive Information Processing Model, and two other models of dissociation treatment: the Theory of Structural Dissociation of the Personality and the Internal Family Systems model. EMDR variations will be described which increase emotional safety, and thereby extend the use of EMDR to clients who might otherwise be vulnerable to the intrusion of overwhelming post-traumatic memory material. Through transcript and video examples, the Loving Eyes method (for safely accessing a traumatized Part), the Back-of-the-Head Scale (for measuring the degree of dissociative experience, moment-to-moment, in a therapy session), and the method of Constant Installation of Present Orientation and Safety (for maintaining emotional safety during the processing of a traumatic memory) will be presented. In addition, the structure and treatment of psychological defenses will be conceptualized within the Adaptive Information Processing Model.
Learning Objectives:
1. Describe the Loving Eyes method of developing a co-consciousness between an adult Part and a traumatized child Part.
2. Describe the clinical situations in which the use of the Back-of-the-Head Scale and the method of Constant Installation of Present Orientation and Safety would be likely to be helpful to a traumatized client.
3. Describe how psychological defense may be conceptualized within the Adaptive Information Processing model, and how defenses may be safely released, so that underlying post-traumatic material may be processed.
Keywords: Dissociative Abreaction Psychological Defenses Toolbox
Accuracy Verified: Yes
274. Knipe, J. (2010, July). EMDR toolbox: Specific methods of treating adult clients with complex PTSD, psychological defenses and dissociative personality structure. Preconference presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR has had a profound positive impact on the lives of many clients and has been shown in more than
twenty randomized, peer-reviewed trials to be effective in the treatment of PTSD. However, the DSM IV
definition of PTSD is focused on the single traumatic incident, and many clients seeking relief in therapy
have a damaging traumatic history that extended over repeated events or over many years. The term,
Complex PTSD (Herman, 1992, van der Kolk, 2005) has been proposed to describe a pattern of negative
effects of prolonged and extreme stress, particularly during childhood. The focus of this workshop
is to describe a theoretical framework, and specific therapy “tools” which may be useful in providing
effective therapy, within the EMDR Adaptive Information Processing Model, to individuals suffering with
Complex PTSD. Methods will be described that can make the healing power of EMDR more available to clients who are
avoidant, defensive, and/or highly vulnerable to dissociative abreaction, chronic shame, and unrealistic idealization of self or
of others. Important concepts and particular interventions will be illustrated through video examples and transcripts from
therapy sessions.
Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD, C-PSTD Dissociative Personality Structure Psychological Defenses Toolbox
Accuracy Verified: Yes
275. Ahmad, A., Larsson, B., & Sundelin-Wahlsten, V. (2007). EMDR treatment for children with PTSD: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 61(5), 349-354. doi:10.1080/08039480701643464.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The objective of the study was to examine the efficacy of EMDR treatment for children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared with untreated children in a waiting list control group (WLC) participating in a randomized controlled superiority trial (RCT). Thirty-three 6-16-year-old children with a DSM-IV diagnosis of PTSD were randomly assigned to eight weekly EMDR sessions or the WLC group. The Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Scale for Children (PTSS-C scale) was used in interviews with children to evaluate their symptoms and outcome. Post-treatment scores of the EMDR group were significantly lower than the WLC indicating improvement in total PTSS-C scores, PTSD-related symptom scale, and the subscales re-experiencing and avoidance among subjects in the EMDR group, while untreated children improved in PTSD-non-related symptom scale. The improvement in re-experiencing symptoms proved to be the most significant between-group difference over time. The results of the present exploratory study including a limited number of children with PTSD are encouraging and warrant further controlled studies of larger samples of children suffering from PTSD. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Children Empirical Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Quantitative Study Random Control Trial RCT Trauma Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
276. Ornelas, C. (2010, April 14). EMDR treatment gives hope to soldiers with PTSD. Colorado Springs, CO: Colorado Connection.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract: A well-known treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is showing promise in helping soldiers deal with the horrors of combat.
Keywords: Colorado Springs Combat Military Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Valerie Anderson
Accuracy Verified: Yes
277. de Roos, C., & de Jongh, A. (2008). EMDR treatment of children and adolescents with a choking phobia. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(3), 201-211. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.3.201.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Given the limited number of reported cases in literature, it might be concluded that it is rare to develop a choking phobia in childhood. However, it appears as though confusion in terminology and the time lapse between the onset of the disorder and treatment often results in the diagnosis being missed. In this article, we discuss a review of the clinical symptoms, differential diagnosis, comorbidity, etiology, and treatment options for choking phobia. We present a case series, describing the successful EMDR treatment of choking phobia for 4 children and adolescents, with positive outcomes achieved in 1 or 2 sessions. In addition, a detailed transcript is presented of a 15-year-old girl with a choking phobia related to an incident that occurred 5 years previously. The rapid elimination of symptoms in all 4 cases indicates that EMDR can be an effective treatment for choking phobias resulting from previous disturbing events. Randomized research on this promising intervention is strongly suggested.
Keywords: Adolescents Children Choking Phobia Specific Phobia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
278. Cerone, M. R. (2000, November). EMDR treatment of combat-related guilt: A study of the effects of eye movements. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, San Antonio, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Adults Americans Guilt Poster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Veterans War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
279. Konuk, E., Epözdemir, H., Hacıömeroğlu Atçeken, S., Aydın, Y. E., & Yurtsever, A. (2011). EMDR treatment of migraine. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(4), 166-176. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.4.166.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This pilot study was conducted at Gaziosmanpaşa Hospital, Istanbul, to investigate the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on migraine headache by specifically treating traumas related to headaches. The sample consisted of 11 Turkish participants with chronic daily headache: 9 women (mean age of 31.7 years) and 2 men (mean age of 30.5 years). Participants had a history of migraine ranging from 2 to 30 years (mean = 12 years). Variables included participant daily ratings of headache frequency, duration, and intensity; medication intake; hospital emergency room (ER) visits; and scores on the Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire. The results showed a significant decrease in headache frequency and duration with no reduction in pain intensity. There was a significant decrease in the use of painkillers and ER visits. All results were maintained at 3-month follow-up, providing some preliminary evidence that EMDR may be effective and useful as an alternative treatment for migraine.
Keywords: Headache Protocol Migraine
Accuracy Verified: Yes
280. Phillips, K. M., Freund, B., Fordiani, J., Kuhn, R., & Ironson, G. (2009). EMDR treatment of past domestic violence: A clinical vignette. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(3), 192-197. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.3.192.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This case study describes the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for a woman who met criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to past domestic violence. Outcome measures were used to assess the client's symptoms at intake, after the third and sixth active EMDR sessions, and at 1- and 3-month follow-ups. In addition to the use of outcome measures, at 3-month follow-up the client was evaluated by a therapist who was blind to the type of treatment the client had received. Results indicated that after nine active sessions of EMDR, the client no longer met criteria for PTSD and no longer endorsed symptoms of depression or intrusive thoughts. Thus, EMDR was successful in treating PTSD symptoms associated with past domestic violence, and effects were maintained at 3-month follow-up.
Keywords: Domestic Violence Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Outcome
Accuracy Verified: Yes
281. Forgash, C. (2006, April). EMDR treatment with PTSD and complex PTSD: Clinical and practical guide. Presentation at the annual meeting of Japan EMDR Association, Kyoto, Japan.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Guidelines C-PTSD Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PSTD Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
282. Korn, D. L. (2008, May). EMDR treatment with survivors of chronic abuse and neglect: Repairing developmental deficits and shattered selves - [Utilisation d’EMDR dans le traitement des survivants d’abus ou négligence chroniques: Réparer les déficits développementaux et les sois éclatés]. Presentation at an annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Montréal, Quebec Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Cet atelier d’une journée met l’accent sur l’intégration de l’EMDR ŕ l’intérieur d’un plan thérapeutique. Nous aborderons l’utilisation d’EMDR pour traiter le Stress post-traumatique complexe, de męme que d’autres syndromes cliniques d’origine traumatique, tels que le Trouble de personnalité limite et les Troubles
dissociatifs. Des modifications et/ou additions au protocole EMDR seront proposées afin de tenir compte des capacités limitées ŕ tolérer les affects, des défenses rigides, de la sur-utilisation des stratégies d’évitement, des conflits entre les états du moi, des tendances ŕ la dissociation ou des dérégulations émotionnelles
importantes.
Nous aborderons l’évaluation des aspects développementaux et des besoins d’attachement du client, l’établissement d’une bonne compréhension de la situation clinique et le développement d’un plan de traitement intégré avec des objectifs atteignables et réalisables. On portera plus particuličrement notre attention sur l’intégration de l’EMDR comme moyen de renforcer l’Ego et le développement des ressources au
cours des différentes étapes du traitement.
This full-day workshop will focus on integrating EMDR into an overall recovery plan. The use of EMDR in treating complex PTSD as well as other trauma-related syndromes such as borderline personality disorder and dissociative disorders will be addressed. In recognition of clients’ limited affect tolerance, rigid defenses,
overdeveloped avoidance patterns, ego state conflicts, dissociative tendencies, and extreme emotional dysregulation, strategies for modifying and supplementing standard EMDR protocols will be explored.
Assessing the developmental and attachment needs of the client, establishing a useful case conceptualization, and developing an integrated treatment plan with achievable goals will be discussed. Considerable attention will be devoted to integrating EMDR ego strengthening and resource development protocols into all phases of treatment.
Keywords: Complex PTSD Dissociative Disorders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
283. Hase, M. (2008, September). EMDR und substanzgebundene abhängigkeit [EMDR and substance-related addiction]. Präsentation auf der Pre-Kongress am EMDR auf dem European Congress of Hypnosis, Wien, Österreich .
Language: German
Format: Conference
Keywords: Addiction Substance Abuse
Accuracy Verified: Yes
284. Saint Paul, N. V. (2001). EMDR und systemische familientherapie [EMDR and family systems therapy]. EMDRIA Deutschland e.V. Rundbrief, 2, 14-17.
Language: German
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Bei der gemeinsamen Betrachtung von EMDR mit familientherapeutischen Ansätzen fallen zunächst die Gegensätze auf.
EMDR wird üblicherweise im Einzelsetting angewendet. Die Behandlung steht meist im Kontext von bestimmten Krankheitsdiagnosen (typischerweise von traumabedingten - aber auch anderen - Störungen).
In der (systemischen) Familientherapie wird eine Diagnostizierung möglichst vermieden, Konzepte werden "verflüssigt", Symptome werden im Hinblick auf ihre Wirkung im (Familien-)System hin untersucht. Beispielsweise wird ein Patient als "Symptomträger" innerhalb der Familie bezeichnet. Man sucht also nach dem Sinn oder Nutzen, den die Symptomatik für die Familie hat. Insofern ist man recht weit davon entfernt, gezielte Interventionsmethoden zu suchen, mit denen dann der einzelne behandelt wird, um ein Symptom zu beseitigen. Allerdings wurde dies von den Begründern der Familientherapie keineswegs für ausgeschlossen erklärt (vgl. bspw. Stierlin et al. 1977, 16).
EMDR ist dementsprechend in der familientherapeutischen Literatur und den einschlägigen Fachzeitschriften bisher so gut wie nicht zur Kenntnis genommen worden. Eine Ausnahme bildet The Family Therapy Networker im Jahr 1993, der dem Thema EMDR ein Special Feature widmet (vgl. Butler (1993) und O'Brien (1993)).
Von Seiten der EMDR Praktizierenden gibt es durchaus Hinweise auf die Vereinbarkeit. Tinker & Wilson (2000, 229) verweisen auf die Nützlichkeit der Ergänzung der EMDR-Arbeit durch familientherapeutisches Vorgehen. Lempa (2000) beschreibt die Verbindung der EMDR-Einzelbehandlung mit familientherapeutischen Gesprächen innerhalb des stationären Settings und berichtet über positive Erfahrungen im Hinblick auf die Akzeptanz der Behandlung in den Familien.
Ich halte die wechselseitige Betrachtung der Ansätze für sehr fruchtbar und möchte hier einige Gedanken und Erfahrungen dazu darstellen.
In the common view of EMDR with family therapy approaches, first fall to the opposition.
EMDR is usually applied in individual settings. Treatment is usually in the context of specific disease diagnoses (typically from trauma-related - errors - but also others).
In the (systemic) family therapy, a diagnosis will be avoided where possible, concepts will be "liquefied" symptoms in terms of their effect in the (family) system were investigated. For example, a patient is a "symptom carrier" within the family. Therefore, we look for the meaning or benefit that the symptoms for the family. In this respect it is quite far from seeking specific intervention methods by which the individual is then treated to remove a symptom. However, this was by the founders of family therapy not declared excluded (see, for example, Stierlin et al. 1977, 16).
EMDR has been accordingly in the family therapy literature and the relevant journals previously taken almost no notice. The Family Therapy Networker an exception is in 1993, the subject of EMDR devotes a special feature (see Butler (1993) and O'Brien (1993)).
Sides of the EMDR practitioner, there are indications of the compatibility. Tinker & Wilson (2000, 229) point to the usefulness of supplementing EMDR work with family therapeutic approach. Lempa (2000) describes the connection of individual EMDR treatment with family therapy calls within the inpatient setting and reported positive experiences with regard to the acceptance of the treatment in the home.
I think the mutual inspection of approaches for very fruitful and would like to present some thoughts and experience to do so.
Keywords: Family Systems Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
285. Wanders, F., Serra, M., & de Jongh, A. (2008). EMDR versus CBT for children with self-esteem and behavioral problems: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(3), 180-189. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.3.180.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study compared eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Twenty-six children (average age 10.4 years) with behavioral problems were randomly assigned to receive either 4 sessions of EMDR or CBT prior to usual treatment provided in outpatient and inpatient clinics. To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment, parents and mentors completed a wide variety of self-report instruments and behavioral measures, and the children completed self-assessment instruments prior to therapy, directly after completion of therapy, and at 6-month follow-up. EMDR and CBT were found to have significant positive effects on behavioral and self-esteem problems. Although the differences between treatment effectiveness for EMDR and CBT were small, the children who originally received EMDR showed significantly larger changes in target behaviors than those in the CBT group. The results support the use of EMDR, focused on the desensitization of a series of meaningful memories, to produce significantly positive and sustained effects on children's self-esteem and related problems.
Keywords: Children Behavior Problems CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Random Control Trial RCT Self-Esteem
Accuracy Verified: Yes
286. Darker-Smith, S. (2007, June). EMDR vs CBT in the treatment of anorexia nervosa: A preliminary study. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In working with clients with anorexia nervosa for the past 18 months, it has become apparent that while many clinicians continue to utilise a variety of treatment means, CBT or systemic family therapy are often treatments most frequently offered to the sufferer. However, what does appear to be consistent is the general view (e.g., Waller; Treasure; Brewer) that ‘recovery’ will take an average between 1 to 2 years with many clients suffering from this disorder never making a full or complete recovery.
With this in mind, sixteen clients with a previous diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and under medical supervision with a BMI of 16.5 – 18 and still meeting the mental criteria of anorexia nervosa (DSM IV) were offered either EMDR (N.10) or CBT (N.6). Starting with the premise that most sufferers of anorexia nervosa argued that simply ‘eating’ is not the answer – but rather the mechanism by which control is maintained – it was agreed that regular weigh-ins and the use of food journals would form part of the study – however, no therapeutic emphasis would be placed directly on food in either the CBT or the EMDR group.
Those receiving EMDR recovered substantially quicker and with less food-related exposure, once the target memory precipitating the anorexic onset was identified. Interestingly, food intake and weight increased without needing to be targeted as a separate matter, once the ‘feeder’ memory had been adapted in 8 out of the 10 EMDR clients. In the remaining two clients, behavioural experiments targeting the “practice of behaving (and eating) normally’ one day a week in order to reduce the fear of ‘normality’ was used with good effect.
Whilst the CBT group did improve, they continued to fluctuate in terms of active anorexic patterns of behaviour and their weight or food intake did not appear to improve significantly.
Although the trial lasted for 6 months duration, on average, the EMDR group reached ‘recovery’ at around 3-4 month mark, compared to the CBT group of which five noticed ‘improvement,’ however, did not appear to have increased weight and still reported phobic reactions to both body-mage and food at the 4 month mark. One in the CBT group did make a significant improvement based on cognitive restructuring alone and this client did increase weight and intake significantly at the same ratio as the EMDR group.
At the initial 1-month follow-up post-study, the CBT group were still exhibiting symptoms of mental pre-occupation with diet/weight compared to the EMDR group who had reached normal BMI ranges (N.9) and all reported little to no pre-occupation with diet/eight.
Although this study is still pending follow-ups of all clients, there would appear, on the basis of this preliminary study that anorexia nervosa appears to respond better to EMDR in shorter treatment duration than CBT.
Furthermore, six of the EMDR group reposed using safe-space imagery to reduce their anxieties surrounding food and this may have been a contributory factor.
Keywords: Anorexia Nervosa CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
287. Settle, C. (2007, June). EMDR with children 2-10 years of age: Practical and creative therapuetic tools derived from an ongoing fidelity study based on the adaptive information processing model. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This presentation will encompass the findings from a current and ongoing research study on EMDR with young children, with implications for clinical practice arising from this study. The clinical experiences of the presenter, which include treating traumatized children and training EMDR therapists, led to the first EMDR fidelity study on children. From that study, our preliminary findings led us to formulate suggestions about training therapists; these ideas will be explained in the workshop.
Examples will be discussed of how issues related to the therapist, client, and patient, home environment, clinical environment, and therapist training all impact the EMDR treatment protocol with children 20 to 10 years of age. Participants will also learn to identify developmentally appropriate and child-specific languaging in order to conceptualize the treatment of children using the EMDR protocol. Using Dr. Shapiro’s Adaptive Information Processing model, participants will learn to attune to the child verbally and non-verbally to understand how the child has learned to store the trauma in their memory network, versus how the parent or therapist believes the trauma to be stored. Specific tools like mapping and graphing that are used to tease out all the pieces of the EMDR protocol and develop case conceptualization will be demonstrated with associated videos. Through the use of Powerpoint presentation, case presentation, and handouts, additional practical and interesting tools will be presented to assist therapists in using Resource Development, Mastery, and Safe Place exercises in the efficacious treatment of young children. Creative tools used to identify targets, emotions, body sensation, and negative and positive cognitions, will be demonstrated, as well as measurements to aid the child in eliciting the VOC and SUDs. Also, the important of the three-pronged approach (the process of addressing targets from the past, present, and future), and how to develop targets from a child’s often concrete perspective, will be discussed. Finally, participants will be able to use a specific format for reevaluation from both the child’s and parents’ point of view. With these advanced skills in translating EMDR into developmentally appropriate terms and imaginative tools for implementation, participants will return to their practices encouraged to use the entire EMDR protocol with even the youngest of clients. The workshop, which is based on clinical experience and research, will teach creative skills in applying the eight-phase protocol to young children.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Children Fidelity Study Techniques
Accuracy Verified: Yes
288. Tinker, R. H., & Wilson, S. A. (2007, June). EMDR with children around the world: Sixteen years later. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The present workshop will be primarily practice oriented,
with the morning session focusing on Age-Related Protocols
with progressively younger children (down to age
one year), and the afternoon session focusing on the use
of EMDR in a group format with children traumatized by
war. We will present data on its effectiveness with two
groups of Ethnic Albanian refugee children held in a German
refugee camp. A group exercise will assist workshop
participants in understanding the protocol for group administration
of EMDR. Other research considerations will
be presented, related to successful and unsuccessful projects
with children. Also in the afternoon, we will target
the more severe disorders of childhood, such as multiply-traumatized
children and attachment disordered children.
We will give attention to issues related to
trauma-based diagnosis, the use of art with EMDR, and a
treatment model featuring short interventions throughout
the developmental years and how these affect developmental
trajectories. Throughout the workshop, we
will use videotapes to illustrate the issues that are most
salient, the importance of attunement and finer points of
technique
Keywords: Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
289. Hughes, J. H. (2006, March). EMDR with combat veterans. Presentation at the 4th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, London, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR is a useful tool in the clinical armarnentarium for the treatment of
posttraumatic stress reactions in service personnel who have been involved in
armed conflict. Some of the issues involved in working with this client group will
be discussed and illustrated, where appropriate, with case material.
Outcome measures of the successful use of EMDR with this population will be
presented.
Keywords: Combat Veterans
Accuracy Verified: Yes
290. Bath, K. E., Larson, J., Rodriguez, C., Murray, J., Newbill, L., & Coggins J. H. (2001, June). EMDR with health problems. In Research symposium I. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
One of the most exicitng new experimental arenas for EMDR are in it use with health problems and illness adaptation. This symposium will report on two research studies in this area: One reporting on pilot case studies that investigate the use of EMDR with people who have Parkinson's Disease, and the other representing the results of a controlled trial of the impact of EMDR on chronic pain experienced from job injuries.
Keywords: Chronic Pain Health Problems Job-Related Injuries Parkinson's Disease Research Study Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
291. Keenan, L., Keenan, P., & Wright, C. (2007, June). EMDR with perinatal post traumatic stress disorder. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
For most people, childbirth is a time for celebration and joy. However, for some women it can prove a harrowing and traumtising experience. This may result in mothers developing Peri-Natal Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PN-PSTD), (Slade, 2006)). The reported prevalence of PTSD following childbirth ranges from 1.5% to 6% (Beck, 2004). However, there is a general lack of awareness of this issue, encompassing all health care professions (General Practitioners, Health Visitors, Obstetricians, and non-specialist Psychiatrists) (Robinson, 2003)). This can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatments being offers (Czamocks & Slade, 2000). This paper will critically examine some of the common themes associated with PN-PTSD. It will explore how Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) can and should be used as an effective treatment intervention (Madrid, Skolek, and Shapiro 2007). Evidence based practice and practice based evidence (case studies) will show how EMDR can be adapted for this client group. The presentation will also reflect on future training needs and research implications.
Keywords: Health Problems Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
292. Farrell, D. (2011, March). EMDR with survivors of clergy sexual abuse. Symposium conducted at the 9th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland, Bristol.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This presentation reviews research which investigated the idiosyncratic effects of sexual
abuse perpetrated by Roman Catholic Priests and makes related treatment recommendations.
The research determined that this distinct form of sexual trauma generated unique posttraumatic
symptoms not accounted for within the existing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder conceptual
frameworks. These included significant anxiety and distress in areas such as theological belief,
crisis of faith, and fears surrounding the participant’s own mortality. This presentation makes
recommendations about EMDR treatment with clergy abuse survivors, based on these research
findings utilising survivors stories to illustrate case formulation and the utilisation of process and
content cognitive interweaves in addressing episodes of blocked processing.
Keywords: Clergy Abuse Sexual Abuse Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
293. Mosquera, D. (2012, March). EMDR with trauma and narcissism [EMDR met trauma en narcisme]. Keynote resentatie op de 6e congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnghem, The Nederlands.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The devaluation of self and others is a relevant issue in the field of trauma and dissociation but therapy usually focuses on a victim-abuser perspective where we tend to pay attention to victims and their symptoms, and when narcissistic features are described, they tend to be considered as characteristics of the abusive figure. From this perspective, victims are described as depressed, submissive, vulnerable and usually trapped in learned helplessness. Although this picture describes some situations related to maltreatment and abuse, it can be simplistic and minimize or overlook internalization of some abuser features by victims (e.g., the presence of perpetrator-imitator parts in DID). Narcissistic features can be a cause and consequence of traumatization and can be treated effectively with EMDR. Targeting the roots of the symptoms is crucial for an adequate case conceptualization.
A core characteristic of narcissism is lack of empathy. While empathy issues can be present in many people with personality disorders, there are two personality disorders that are more related with lack of empathy, and a (sometimes only apparent) lack of concern about the suffering that they can cause in other people: narcissist and antisocial personality disorder. Both types of personalities share this self-centered profile.
A description of different profiles characterized by self-centerness, selfish attitude and lack of empathy will be described in this presentation. These aspects may be present in abusers and victims, in overt or subtle presentations.
To conceptualize EMDR therapy in these cases it is important to understand the pathway from early experiences to present problems. Narcissism and antisocial features can be final outcomes of a neglecting environment, chronic abuse or excessive appraisal. Different attachment disturbances with primary caregivers can lead to lack of empathy and self-centerness. In some cases, structural dissociation is underlying narcissistic or antisocial features that can characterize some dissociative parts of the personality. All these aspects and the complexity of therapeutic relationship in narcissistic and antisocial personalities will be reviewed in this presentation.
Keywords: Narcissim
Accuracy Verified: Yes
294. Gonzalez, A., & & Mosquera, D. (2012). EMDR y disociación. El enfoque progresivo [EMDR and dissociation: The progressive approach]. Madrid, Spain: Ediciones Pleyades.
Language: Spanish
Format: Book
Abstract:
Durante las últimas dos décadas, el EMDR se ha convertido en una opción de primera línea para el tratamiento de trastornos de estrés postraumático asociados a la exposición de eventos traumáticos, como accidentes, catástrofes naturales o desastres creados por el hombre. Mientras tanto, los clínicos han visto que la aplicación de EMDR es útil en el tratamiento de pacientes que han sufrido episodios emocionalmente traumáticos, descritos por ellos como característicos de su familia de origen, su historia personal y sus relaciones de apego. Un gran número de investigaciones y publicaciones han examinado en profundidad la eficacia de EMDR en este campo de trabajo de la psicoterapia. Por lo tanto, el EMDR está siendo utilizando cada vez más por los clínicos, trabajando con personas que sufren de traumas crónicos vinculados a relaciones interpersonales traumáticas.
Es de sobra conocido que, en los primeros ańos de vida, las interacciones con los demás dan lugar a conexiones importantes en el cerebro, que progresivamente influyen en la sensación interna que tenemos de nosotros mismos y la capacidad de tener relaciones sanas con el mundo exterior. Las experiencias de relaciones con las figuras de apego durante la infancia temprana pueden ayudar a desarrollar la autorregulación emocional y contribuir a la formación de patrones cognitivos, conductuales y emocionales. La investigación sobre el apego ha demostrado que son estas relaciones las que influyen en el desarrollo de la capacidad de equilibrar las emociones, establecer intimidad interpersonal, así como de la capacidad de autorreflexión y mentalización. Además, es evidente que la comunicación interpersonal y emocional dentro de la familia de origen puede sentar las bases para el desarrollo de recursos, el sentirse valioso y la resiliencia cuando uno está bajo una fuerte tensión emocional, fomentando por tanto la salud mental.
During the past two decades, EMDR has become a first line option for the treatment of PTSD associated with exposure to traumatic events such as accidents, natural disasters or man-made disasters. Meanwhile, clinicians have found that the application of EMDR is useful in treating patients who have suffered emotionally traumatic events described by them as characteristic of their family of origin, personal history and their attachment relationships. A lot of research and publications have examined in depth the effectiveness of EMDR in this field of work of psychotherapy. Therefore, EMDR is being used increasingly by clinicians, working with people suffering from chronic trauma related to interpersonal trauma. It is well known that in the first years of life, interactions with others lead to important connections in the brain that progressively influence the internal sense of ourselves and the ability to have healthy relationships with the outside world . The experiences of relationships with attachment figures in early childhood may help develop emotional self-regulation and contribute to the formation of cognitive patterns, behavioral and emotional problems. The attachment research has shown that it is these relationships that influence the development of the ability to balance emotions, establish interpersonal intimacy and the capacity for self-reflection and awareness. It is also clear that interpersonal and emotional communication within the family of origin may lay the foundation for the development of resources, to feel valued and resilience when one is under emotional stress, thus promoting mental health.
Keywords: Dissociation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
295. Mosconi, A., Pezzolo, M., & Trotta, B. (2012, June). EMDR y terapia sistemica - Puntos de conexión, relectura e integración en el proceso terapéutico [EMDR and systemic psychotherapy - Connection points, new interpretations and integrations in the therapeutic process]. Poster presented at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe, Madrid, Spain .
Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Abstract:
En el aproche sistémico-relacional del Milán Model, el primer paso para la introducción de un cambio sea al interno de un contexto de terapia individual sea de pareja y/o familiar, es la construcción junto al paciente/sistema familiar de una Hipótesis Sistémica relativo al problema llevado. Tal proceso proporziona
la exploración en profundidad sea sincrónica sea
diacrónica de los contextos relacionales generadores del problema.
La hipótesis con respecto al sistema Relacional coconstruida
en el proceso terapéutico, toca temas
específicos a través de el uso de precisas técnicas locuaces.
Los pilastros de la hipótesis cumplen las dimensiones descritas en el cuadrilátero sistémico en el cual el problema del paciente está conectado en un proceso recursivo a los aspectos interpersonales del contexto de pertenencia.
In the systemic-relational approach of Milan Model, the first step to the introduction of a change both within the context of individual therapy and couple/family one
consists of outlining a Systemic Hypothesis on the given problem together with the patient/family system. This
process involves both synchronic and diachronic indepth exploration of the relational contexts representing the problem generators.
The hypothesis referred to the relational system, outlined together during the therapeutic process, touches specific subjects through the use of specific conversational techniques.
The pillars of the hypothesis comply with the dimensions highlighted in the Systemic Quadrilateral where the problem of the patient is connected to a process related to the interpersonal aspects of his environment.
Keywords: Poster Systemic Psychotherapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
296. 謝馨儀.[Xie Xinyi] (1999, 2011). EMDR介入PTSD治療歷程與效果之個案研究 [EMDR treatment of PTSD intervention process and the effect of case studies]. National Taiwan Normal University, Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, Taiwan.
Language: Chinese
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
視為一個較新起源於西方國家，眼動脫敏和再加工治療（EMDR）已被證明效率大量的研究。然而，由於這樣的事實，在台灣沒有太多的相關研究，這項研究的目的是在心理治療，EMDR的申請在台灣未來的探索實踐。通過客戶的積極治療和比較 EMDR的干預之前和之後的創傷後應激障礙（PTSD）治療的結果，預計 EMDR將實行更在心理治療領域，從而分散在台灣。 （作者摘要）
Regarded as one newer therapy originated from Western countries, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has been proven efficient by numerous researches. However, due to the fact that there is not much related research in Taiwan, this study aims at a psychological therapy practice applying EMDR in Taiwan for the future exploration. Via a client’s positive result from the therapy and the comparison before and after the intervention of EMDR to the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) therapy, it is anticipated that EMDR will be practiced more in the psychotherapeutic field and thus dispersed in Taiwan. (Author abstract)
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
297. Couto, M., Farate, C., Ramos, S., & Fleming, M. (2012, June). EMDR, setting and therapeutic relationship: A comparative study with CBT and psychoanalytic therapists. Poster presented at the annual meeting of EMDR Europe, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: The therapeutic efficacy of EMDR is increasingly documented in process and outcome studies. However there is an ongoing debate on whether this effectiveness is mainly due to EMDR therapeutic techniques or to other variables. Since EMDR technical procedures are also related to the way the therapist manages both the space and the therapeutic relationship with the patient there is a growing trend towards the study of the influence of contextual and therapist variables on treatment outcome. This study aims to compare the management of both setting and therapeutic relationship among experienced EMDR, CBT and psychoanalytic therapists. The data and sample correspond to a preliminary phase of a broader research project whose aim is the construction of a psychometric instrument of trans-theoretical nature (Management of the Setting Scale-MSS) aimed at the assessment of setting on therapeutic outcome.
Keywords: CBT Cogntive Behavior Therapy, Poster Psychoanalysis
Accuracy Verified: Yes
298. Oldenburg, D. (1995, July). EMDR- Magic fingers: Easing the pain of PTSD. The American Legion, 35-37, 60, 61.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
For the first time in the 27 years since he
I returned from Vietnam, Purple-Heart veteran
I Lee Mohen Jr. is picking up the pieces of the
puzzle that his life became after 16 months of
brutal combat.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
299. Rougemont-Bucking, A., & Zimmermann, E. N. (2012). EMDR-based treatment of psychotraumatic antecedents in illicit drug abusers: A report of two cases. Schweizer Archiv Für Neurologie Und Psychiatrie, 163(3), 107-115.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The co-occurrence of PTSD and of substance use disorder (SD) is known to
be very high. However the question of whether and how to treat such
patients remains largely unanswered in the EMDR community. We report on
two cases of EMDR-based treatment of heavily affected SD patients in whom
psychotraumatic antecedents were identified. EMDR sessions focused on
trauma-related material and not on the expression of cue-induced drug
craving. The treatment appeared to be a difficult and challenging endeavour.
However, some beneficial effects on general comfort and on drug consumption
could be observed. A long stabilisation phase was mandatory and the
standard EMDR protocol needed to be conducted with much flexibility.
Interestingly, there was no provocation of a prolonged psychological crisis or
of relapse. Experiencing of emotional stress could be limited to the sessions
and dissociation could be absorbed with specific well-known techniques
without permanently increasing drug craving. These observations are discussed
in relation to previously published concepts of using EMDR in the
field of trauma and substance abuse.
Keywords: Addiction Comorbidity Dissociation Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Substance Use Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
300. de Groot, J., & de Jong, A. (2012). EMDR-behandeling van PTSS na seksueel misbruik bij een vaginistische vrouw: Een casus [EMDR treatment for PTSD of a sexually abused woman with vaginismus: A case study]. Tijdschrift voor Seksuologie, 6(3), 197-199.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Een 24 jarige vrouw is vier jaar geleden seksueel misbruikt. Sindsdien was het voor haar onmogelijk gemeenschap te hebben met haar huidige partner (secundair vaginisme). Bovendien had ze klachten die behoren bij een posttraumatische stress-stoornis, ofwel PTSS. Ze zocht hulp bij een psycholoog-seksuoloog. De behandeling nam vijf zittingen in beslag en bestond uit een aanpak gericht op de verwerking van herinneringen aan het misbruik middels EMDR. Dit leidde er uiteindelijk toe dat de PTSS-klachten verdwenen en gemeenschap weer mogelijk was. Deze casus is een voorbeeld van hoe seksueel misbruik vaginisme kan induceren en hoe in dergelijke gevallen een trauma-gerichte behandelaanpak succesvol kan zijn.
Keywords: Case Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Vaginismus
Accuracy Verified: Yes
301. Sandstrom, M., Willman, A-C., & Hogberg, U. (2004, June). EMDR-treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder after childbirth. A pilot study of four cases. In single trauma and grief (L. Cornil, Chair). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
During the last decade, it has been recognized by research that a traumatic experience of childbirth can cause PTSD. What has also been shown is that these women do not spontaneously recover. No studies have been made before on psychotherapeutic treatment of this group.
The aim of our pilot study was to explore the possibility to use EMDR in the treatment of women who suffered from posttraumatic stress after childbirth. Because most pregnant women invited declined to participate, also non-pregnant women were included. One pregnant and three not pregnant women with PSTD after childbirth were treated with EMDR. All clients reported reduction of posttraumatic stress after treatment. The results suggest that EMDR might be a useful tool in the treatment of non-pregnant women severely traumatic by childbirth, but our study has several limitations. Further research and a randomized controlled study are recommended.
Keywords: Childbirth Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
302. Capps, F., Andrade, H., & Cade, R. (2005). EMDR: An approach to healing betrayal wounds in couples counseling. In G. R. Walz & R. K. Yep (Eds.), VISTAS: Compelling Perspectives on Counseling (pp. 107-110). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Since its introduction by Francine Shapiro in
1989, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
(EMDR) has gained wide acceptance as an efficacious
clinical treatment. It is particularly useful in the
treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Alto,
2001). Despite its relative novelty, EMDR has been used
to treat survivors, emergency workers, and disaster
relief counselors worldwide. EMDR therapists have
successfully employed EMDR in Oklahoma City,
Belfast, Zagreb, Rwanda, Dunblane, Sarajevo,
Columbine, and Londonderry. EMDR has also been
used in the treatment of PTSD for combat veterans from
World War II, the Korean War, Beirut, and the Vietnam
War (Silver & Rogers, 2002, p. xix). EMDR effects
exceed those of nonspecific effects shared by all
treatments and are independent of client expectations.
Moreover, EMDR effects are at least equal to effects
of cognitive behavioral therapy, and EMDR requires
less time than other models with less client attrition
(Silver & Rogers, p. 254). Importantly, the American
Psychological Association has listed EMDR as an
efficacious treatment for civilian PTSD (Alto, 2001).
Keywords: Betrayal Wounds Couples Counselling Couples Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
303. Hofmann, A. (1996). EMDR: Eine neue methode zur behandlung posttraumatischer belastungsstoerungen [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A new treatment method for post-traumatic stress disorder]. Psychotherapeut, 41(6), 368-372. doi:10.1007/s002780050045.
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
8 stationäre Patienten mit chronischen PTSD wurden mit einem Durchschnitt von 4 Sitzungen der Augenbewegung Desensibilisierung und Wiederaufbereitung (EMDR) behandelt, eine neue Behandlungsmethode. Konkordant mit anderen Fallberichten und Studien, 7 der Patienten berichteten eine deutliche Entlastung von 17 schmerzhaften Erinnerungen verarbeitet, das war in der signifikanten Abnahme der Suds (subjektive Einheiten des Unbehagens, einer Skala von 0-10 dargestellt) von durchschnittlich 6,5 bis 0,9 nach der Behandlung mit EMDR (P <0,001). Dies wurde durch einen Rückgang in anderen Symptome und eine Verbesserung der negativen Selbst-bezogene Denken einher. 1 Patient zeigte keine Besserung. In einem Drittel der Erinnerungen verarbeitet werden, einen starken Anstieg der Suds (Rückblende) aufgetreten war und aufbereitet werden. Die positiven therapeutischen Wirkungen waren stabil 3 und 6 Monate nach der Behandlung, in 2 Fällen, berichtet nach einem Jahr zeigten anhaltende positive Ergebnisse. Keine negativen Ergebnisse der Behandlung berichtet wurden. Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass EMDR könnte ein nützliches Instrument bei der Behandlung von Patienten mit chronischer PTBS werden. Das Verfahren passte gut in einer psychodynamisch orientierten stationären Bereich. Diese Kombination schien zu helfen, speziell bei der Behandlung von Trauma-Patienten mit eingeschränkter Ich-Stärke. [Autor Zusammenfassung]
8 inpatients with chronic PTSD were treated with an average of 4 sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), a new treatment method. Concordant with other case reports and studies, 7 of the patients reported a significant relief of 17 processed painful memories; this was shown in the significant decrease of SUDs (subjective units of discomfort, a 0-10 scale) from an average of 6.5 to 0.9 after treatment with EMDR (P < 0.001). This was paralleled by a decrease in other symptoms and an improvement in negative self-related thinking. 1 patient showed no improvement. In one third of the memories processed, a strong increase in SUDs (flashback) occurred and was reprocessed. The positive therapeutic effects were stable 3 and 6 months after treatment, In 2 cases, reports after a year showed persistent positive results. No negative results of the treatment were reported. It is suggested that EMDR could be a useful instrument in the treatment of patients with chronic PTSD. The procedure fitted well in a psychodynamically oriented inpatient setting. This combination seemed to help specifically in the treatment of trauma patients with impaired ego strength. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Adults Empirical Study Longitudinal Study Psychiatric Inpatients PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
304. Doner, K. (1994, September). EMDR: Miracle cure or sleight of hand? . . . Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. American Health, 13(7), 78-79.
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
Thousands of victims of phobias, rape, childhood abuse, natural disasters, and combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder have benefited from a controversial new treatment called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Developed in the late 1980s by psychologist Francine Shapiro, EMDR involves having patients move their eyes back and forth, following a practitioner's fingers, while the practitioner evokes an image or feeling about a specific trauma. Shapiro speculates that the method may unlock traumatic feelings and pictures from the nervous system because the eye movements in EMDR are similar to movements that occur during REM sleep, which is when the brain processes disturbing memories. Researchers are currently trying to measure the effectiveness of EMDR, which is used by an estimated 7,000 therapists across the U.S. Some critics dismiss EMDR as pop psychology promoted by hucksters.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
305. Perkins, B. (2003). EMDR: An overview. Presentation at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an active psychological treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This presentation provides an introduction to the procedure, including an overview of the model and method of EMDR as well as the 14 controlled PTSD research studies and the most recent outcome research in the treatment of civilian and combat-related PTSD. It also suggests the clinical and research parameters which remain to be addressed in the future.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: No
306. Shapiro, F. (2008). EMDR: Desensibilización y reprocesamiento por medio de movimiento ocular [EMDR: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing]. Santa Cruz Atoyac: Pax Mex Editorial.
Language: Spanish
Format: Book
Abstract:
En tan solo unos cuantos ańos, el modo EMDR se ha convertido en el tratamiento más elaborado para el desorden de estrés postraumático (entre otras perturbaciones). El método EMDR es un tratamiento legítimo y poderoso.
Modelo integral y eficiente en el tratamiento de experiencias perturbadoras, el método EMDR incorpora diversos aspectos de terapias sistémicas, psicodinámicas, experienciales, conductuales y corporales. Consiste en ocho fases que comprenden el uso de movimientos oculares y otras formas de estimulación izquierda-derecha.
Es eficaz para tratar el desorden de estrés postraumático y reprocesar pensamientos y recuerdos perturbadores o problemas psicológicos de sobrevivientes de traumas, de abuso sexual, de crímenes, de combate bélico, así como de fobias y desórdenes causados por experiencias vivenciales y proporciona en poco tiempo efectos clínicos profundos y estables.
Con descripciones y transcripciones detalladas, la autora guía al clínico por cada etapa del tratamiento terapéutico, desde la selección de los clientes hasta la aplicación del método y su integración dentro de un plan integral de tratamiento clínico.
Escrito de manera accesible, este libro es una guía invaluable tanto para los clínicos experimentados en el tratamiento EMDR como para las personas que acaban de conocer el método, y para los estudiantes avanzados de psicología clínica y psicoterapia.
In just a few years, mode EMDR has become more elaborate treatment for PTSD (among other disturbances) clutter. The methodEMDR is a legitimate and powerful treatment.
Comprehensive and efficient model in the treatment of disturbing experiences, the methodEMDR incorporates aspects of systemic therapies, psychodynamic, experienciales, behavioural and body. Consists of eight phases comprising the use of eye movements and other forms of left-right stimulation.
It is effective in treating post-traumatic stress disorder and re-processing thoughts and disturbing memories or psychological problems of survivors of trauma, sexual abuse, of crimes, war combat, as well as phobias and disorders caused by vivenciales experiences and provides deep and stable clinical effects in a short time.
With descriptions and detailed transcripts, the author guides the clinical through every stage of therapeutic, treatment from clients to the implementation of the method and their integration within a comprehensive clinical treatment plan selection.
Written in an accessible manner, this book is an invaluable guide for clinicians in the treatmentEMDR as for people just know the method and for advanced students of clinical psychology and psychotherapy.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
307. Solomon, E. P., Solomon, R. M., & Heide, K. M. (2009, October). EMDR: An evidence-based treatment for victims of trauma. Victims & Offenders, 4(4), 391 - 397. doi:10.1080/15564880903227495.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
More than half of the United States population has been affected by psychological trauma. Many individuals who survive traumatic experiences develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related psychological problems. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective treatment for such disorders. EMDR focuses on reprocessing the dysfunctionally stored memories of the traumatic experience, enabling the client to progress through appropriate stages of affect and insight to reach an adaptive resolution regarding critical issues such as personal responsibility, safety in the present, and the availability of choices in the future. This article describes EMDR, discusses studies of its effectiveness, and concludes with recommendations for trauma-related policy and practice.
Keywords: Child Abuse Crime Victims Evidence-Based Treatment Postraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma Traumatic Stress
Accuracy Verified: Yes
308. Derksen, M. T., & Baeten, B. M. (2010, April). EMDR: Kijken met een diagnostische 'traumabril' in de ziekenhuispsychiatrie [EMDR: A diagnostic check with trauma glasses' in the psychiatric hospital]. Presentatie op het 38ste Voorjaarscongres Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Inhoud van de workshop: EMDR (eye movement desentization and reprocessing) is een intensieve vorm van psychotherapie voor mensen die last houden van de gevolgen van een (of meerdere) schokkende ervaring(en). Een deel van de getroffenen verwerkt deze ervaringen op eigen kracht, anderen ontwikkelen psychische klachten. Juist deze klachten in het hier en nu als gevolg van een schokkende gebeurtenis in het verleden maken de gebeurtenis tot een traumatische gebeurtenis. Een ogenschijnlijk eenvoudige medische ingreep kan leiden tot reactivering van eerdere traumatische ervaringen. De kern van deze workshop is het leren herkennen en vaststellen van de 'ontwrichtende ervaringen' die van blijvende invloed zijn op het functioneren van de patiënt. Verder wordt aandacht besteed aan het diagnostisch leren kijken met een 'traumabril' en het leren kennen van het indicatiegebied van emdr binnen de ziekenhuispsychiatrie. emdr is volgens internationale en nationale richtlijnen de behandeling van eerste keus bij PTSS. EMDR kan ook toegepast worden bij traumagerelateerde stoornissen die niet per se hoeven te voldoen aan de diagnose ptss, zoals bij angststoornissen, eetstoornissen, pijnstoornissen, somatoforme stoornissen, seksuele stoornissen en verslaving. De bijzondere kenmerken en effecten van emdr worden besproken. Gecontroleerde effectstudies laten zien dat EMDR even effectief of effectiever is dan de huidige meest effectieve therapievorm, de cognitieve gedragstherapie. EMDR-behandeling is bovendien sneller en minder belastend voor patiënten.
Vorm: Presentatie, geďllustreerd met videobeelden, tijd voor vragen en een interactieve discussie.
Leerdoelen: Na de workshop kunnen de deelnemers kijken met de diagnostische 'traumabril', hebben zij inzicht in het brede indicatiegebied van EMDR en hebben zij kennis van deze vorm van psychotherapie en de plaats van EMDR binnen de psychotherapie.
Contents of the workshop: EMDR (eye movement desentization and reprocessing) is an intensive form of psychotherapy for people to suffer from the effects of one (or more) shocking experience (s). Some of the affected processes these experiences on their own, others developed psychological problems. Precisely these problems in the here and now because of a shocking event in the past to make the event a traumatic event. A seemingly simple medical intervention can lead to reactivation of previous traumatic experiences. The core of this workshop is learning to recognize and identify the "disruptive experiences" of lasting impact on the functioning of the patient. Attention is paid to the diagnostic learning to look with an "eye trauma 'and getting to know the indication of EMDR in the psychiatry hospital. EMDR has been under international and national guidelines the treatment of choice for PTSD. EMDR can also be applied to trauma-related disorders that do not necessarily have to meet the PTSD diagnosis, such as anxiety disorders, eating disorders, pain disorders, somatoform disorders, sexual disorders and addictions. The particular characteristics and effects of EMDR are discussed. Controlled Impact studies show that EMDR is as effective or more effective than the current most effective form of therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy. EMDR treatment is faster and less stressful for patients.
Methods: Presentation, illustrated with video, an interactive time for questions and discussion.
Objective: After the workshop the participants can see the diagnostic trauma spectacles, they understand the broad indication in EMDR and have knowledge of this form of psychotherapy and the place of EMDR in psychotherapy.
Keywords: Hospital
Accuracy Verified: Yes
309. Davis, D. (2006, April). EMDR: Promising, but flawed. Psychotherapy: Theory and Research, 1-6.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is a promising choice for
many, but its drawbacks require careful consideration. These drawbacks include its doubtful
beginnings, its reliance on a theoretical construct of the mechanism by which it works, its
customization and lack of standardization, the lack of long-term studies, and the small possibility
of extremely negative outcomes. However, the therapy holds significant promise, since it often
leads to a full “cure” in just a few sessions. Thus, while we need to carefully consider the
drawbacks, this therapy offers hope for many people who suffer from post-traumatic stress
disorder (PSTD) and from other traumatic life experiences in general.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
310. Sweeney, S. (2013, January-April). EMDR: Recovering lives by moving out trauma. The Crazy Wisdom Community Journal, 54-60.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
A methodology unique to EMDR [is] bilateral stimulation
of the brain’s hemispheres. While the client focuses on the
physical sensations, images, and negative thoughts related
to his traumatic event, his eyes follow the movements of
a light bar, or the therapist’s fingers, for about 30 seconds.
However, research into EMDR has discovered that moving
the eyes is not the only way for bilateral stimulation to occur.
Other methods, such as alternating tones played through
headphones or the therapist tapping the client’s hands one
after the other, have been found to be just as effective. [Excerpt]
Accuracy Verified: Yes
311. Derksen, M. T. H., & Baeten, B. M. (2011, April). EMDR: theorie en praktijk binnen de ziekenhuispsychiatrie [EMDR: Theory and practice within the psychiatric hospital]. Presentatie op het 39ste Voorjaarscongres Nederlandse Vereniging voor Psychiatrie, Amsterdam.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Inhoud van de workshop: EMDR
(eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing) is een
intensieve vorm van psychotherapie voor mensen
die last houden van de gevolgen van een (of meerdere)
schokkende ervaring(EN). Over het effect van
emdr is wetenschappelijk aangetoond dat het mogelijk is kwellende herbelevingen van vroegere
gebeurtenissen kwijt te raken.
emdr is, volgens (inter)nationale richtlijnen,
de eerste keus bij behandeling van posttraumatische
stressstoornis (PTSS).
emdr maakt de in het geheugen opgeslagen
traumatische ervaringen toegankelijk en activeert
het natuurlijk verwerkingsproces zodat deze
gebeurtenissen worden ontdaan van hun emotionele
lading en een nieuwe betekenis krijgen.
emdr kan ook toegepast worden bij traumagerelateerde
stoornissen zoals bij angststoornissen,
eetstoornissen, somatoforme stoornissen,
seksuele stoornissen, verslaving en chronisch pijn.
EMDR is een relatief nieuwe therapie, overigens
alweer 20 jaar oud. Grondlegster is de Amerikaanse
Francine Shapiro, die in 1989 een eerste
versie van emdr beschreef. Door Shapiro zelf en
later ook door andere therapeuten is het EMDRprotocol
aangescherpt en verbeterd.
Halverwege de jaren ’90 van de vorige eeuw
introduceerden Ad de Jongh en Erik ten Broeke
emdr in Nederland. De laatste jaren wordt er
nauwelijks nog iets aan het basisprotocol veranderd
of toegevoegd.
De belangrijkste ontwikkelingen vinden
plaats in de theorievorming en de toepassingsmogelijkheden.
Hoe werkt EMDR, welke hersengebieden
zijn erbij betrokken, wat is het werkzame
mechanisme en bij welke stoornissen kan deze
therapie worden toegepast.
De kern van deze workshop is het leren kennen
van recente verklaringsmodellen over de werking
van emdr. De bijzondere kenmerken en
effecten van EMDR en de verschillende toepassingsgebieden
worden besproken.
Vorm: Presentatie, geďllustreerd met
videobeelden, tijd voor vragen en een interactieve
discussie.
Leerdoel: Na de workshop heeft de deelnemer
zicht op de verschillende recente theoretische
verklaringsmodellen van emdr en heeft hij
kennis van het brede indicatiegebied van EMDR en
de plaats van emdr binnen de psychotherapie.
Contents of the workshop: EMDR
(Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing) is a
intensive form of psychotherapy for people
that to suffer the consequences of one (or more)
shocking experience (S). On the effects of
EMDR has been scientifically proven that it is possible agonizing reliving past
losing events.
EMDR is, according to (inter) national guidelines,
The first choice of treatment for posttraumatic
stress disorder (PTSD).
EMDR allows the memory
traumatic experiences accessible and activates
the natural process so that
events are stripped of their emotional
charge and a new meaning.
EMDR can also be applied in trauma-related
disorders such as anxiety disorders,
eating disorders, somatoform disorders,
sexual disorders, addiction and chronic pain.
EMDR is a relatively new therapy, however
already 20 years old. Founder is the U.S.
Francine Shapiro, who in 1989 first
version of EMDR described. By Shapiro himself and
later by other therapists is EMDRprotocol
strengthened and improved.
Mid-90s of the last century
Ad de Jongh introduced and Erik ten Broeke
EMDR in the Netherlands. In recent years there
hardly anything to change the basic protocol
or added.
The main developments are
place in the theory and application.
How does EMDR, which brain areas
are involved, what is the active
mechanism and disorders which can
therapy administered.
The core of this workshop is to learn
Declaration of recent models on the operation
EMDR. The particular characteristics and
EMDR and the effects of different application
are discussed.
Methods: Presentation, illustrated with
video, time for questions and an interactive
discussion.
Objective: After the workshop, the participant
view of the various recent theoretical
explanatory models of EMDR and has
broad knowledge of the indication area of EMDR and
the location of EMDR in psychotherapy.
Keywords: Practice Psychiatric Hospital Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
312. Parnell, L. (2009, December). EMDR: A trauma therapy power-tool. Presentation at the 21st International Psychology of Health, Immunity & Disease Conference, Hilton Head, SC.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a revolutionary, powerful therapeutic method for healing the devastation of trauma. In addition to the treatment of PTSD, EMDR can treat the psychological effects of smaller traumas related to symptoms of depression, anxiety, phobias, low self-esteem, creativity blocks and relationship difficulties. Not only can healing occur more rapidly with EMDR than in traditional therapy, but the clearing of emotional/physical blockages results in positive spirituality.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
313. Parnell, L. (2009, October). EMDR: A trauma therapy power-tool. Presentation at the NICABM (National Institute for the Clinical Application of Behavioral Medicine) Conference, Hilton Head, SC.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a revolutionary, powerful therapeutic method for healing the devastation of trauma. In addition to the treatment of PTSD, EMDR can treat the psychological effects of smaller traumas related to symptoms of depression, anxiety, phobias, low self-esteem, creativity blocks and relationship difficulties. Not only can healing occur more rapidly with EMDR than in traditional therapy, but the clearing of emotional/physical blockages results in positive spirituality.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
314. Shapiro, F. (1991, August). EMDR: A cautionary note. EMDR Network Newsletter, 1(1), 3-4.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
The responses to my article, "Eye Movement
Desensitization & Reprocessing:
From EMD to EMDR -- A New Treatment
Model for Anxiety and Related
Traumata" in the May 1991 (Vol. 14, No.
5) issue of the Behavior Therapist, have been both gratifying and, at times, disturbing.
After receiving numerous requests
for a "description of the revised
procedure," and upon rereading the article,
I can see that I did not make sufticiently clear
the fact that clients are at risk
if untrained clinicians attempt to use
EMDR.
Keywords: Cautions
Accuracy Verified: Yes
315. Hofmann, A., Fischer, G., Galley, N., & Shapiro, F. (1998). EMDR: Memory reprocessing and accelerated emotional learning. European Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 4, 206-213.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A number of recent controlled studies has shown that EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) can reprocess disturbing memories and bring them to therapeutic resolution whether or not patients fulfil the DSM (or ICD)- criteria of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The method can be integrated into treatment plans of different therapeutic approaches and integrates aspects of a number of the major treatment orientations. Clinical experience and EEG research show that the reprocessing in EMDR is not a trance-related phenomenon (Nicosia, 1995). However, EMDR blends well with hypnotic techniques in specific cases, especially with severe complex traumatised and dissociative patients. In addition, EMDR seems to help stabilise and generalise positive self-referencing beliefs as well as positive images, such as "a safe place", and accelerates future projectionsof new orientations and behaviours. In this sense, EMDR can be viewed not only as a method for the treatment of traumatic memories, but as a method of accelerated emotional learning.
Keywords: Accelerated Emotional Learning Therapeutic Integation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
316. Furukawa, D. K. (1999, June). EMDR: The problem of looping in the present. EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(2), 12, 33.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
EMDR tends to work most efficiently and effectively when the core trauma is accessed and is targeted for reprocessing. The standard protocol of asking the client to recall the “first and worst” incident of a series of related traumas works effectively in tracking down a core trauma. When the original core has been identified, reprocessing tends to proceed smoothly and fluidly. There are times, however, when a client is mainly concerned with a present issue or experience and is unable or unwilling to explore earlier life experiences as per the standard protocol.
Keywords: Looping
Accuracy Verified: Yes
317. Rosenthal, D., & Little, K. (1999, June). EMDR: PTSD application case studies in a state inpatient forensic facility. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participant will be able: 1) describe the application of various test instruments in the appraisal of clinical EMDR response in a correctional inpatient population; 2) desribe at least two variations in EMDR treatment as applied to an inpatient correctional population; and 3) describe at least two clinical and ethical issues in the PSTD treatment of an offender-patient with concurrent psychosis.
Keywords: Correctional Population Inpatient Forensic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
318. Stickgold, R. (2002, January). EMDR: A putative neurobiological mechanism of action. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 61-75. doi:10.1002/jclp.1129.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Numerous studies have provided evidence for the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR) in the treatment of PTSD, including recent studies showing it to be more efficient than therapist-directed flooding. But few theoretical explanations of how EMDR might work have been offered. Shapiro, in her original description of EMDR, proposed that its directed eye movements mimic the saccades of rapid eye movement sleep (REM), but provided no clear explanation of how such mimicry might lead to clinical improvment. We now revisit her original proposal and present a complete model for how EMDR could lead to specific improvement in PTSD and related conditions. We propose that the repetitive redirecting of attention in EMDR induces a neurobiological state, similar to that of REM sleep, which is optimally configured to support the cortical integration of traumatic memories into general semantic networks. We suggest that this integration can then lead to a reduction in the strength of hippocampally mediated episodic memories of the traumatic event as well as the memories' associated, amygdala-dependent, negative affect. Experimental data in support of this model are reviewed and possible tests of the model are suggested. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Cognitive Processes Mechanism of Action Neurobiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychophysiology PTSD Review Sleep Behavior Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
319. Lanius, R. A. (2010, June). Emotion regulation and the self in complex PTSD. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The lecture will focus on the core problems in PTSD related to early life trauma, including emotion dysregulation and fragmentation of the self. The neural correlates of emotional awareness, social emotion processing and self-monitoring will be described. Implications for stage oriented trauma treatment and early intervention will be discussed.
Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Keynote Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
320. Pitman, R., Orr, S., Altman, B., Longpre, R., Poire, R., Macklin, M., Michaels, M. J., & Steketee, G. S. (1996, November-December). Emotional processing and outcome of imaginal flooding therapy in Vietnam veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 37(6), 409-418. doi:10.1016/S0010-440X(96)90025-5.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study examined emotional processing and outcome in 20 Vietnam veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who underwent imaginal flooding therapy. Results supported the occurrence of emotional processing, as manifest in significant activation, within-session habituation, and partial across-session habituation of physiologic and self-reported process variables. The flooding therapy produced only modest overall improvement, which was statistically significant for avoidance symptomatology measured by the Impact of Events Scale (TOES) and number of intrusions per day recorded by the subject in a log. Symptomatic improvement appeared to generalize from a treated to an untreated experience. Heart rate activation during the first flooding session predicted a decrease in daily number of intrusive combat memories across the therapy. Otherwise, there was little association between extent of emotional processing and therapeutic outcome. The results provide limited support for the notion that mobilization of phychophysiologic arousal during exposure therapy predicts improvement. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Emotional Processing Flooding Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Vietnam Veterans
Accuracy Verified: Yes
321. Pitman, R., Orr, S., Altman, B., Longpre, R., Poire, R., & Macklin, M. (1996, November-December). Emotional processing during eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy of Vietnam veterans with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 37(6), 419-429. doi:10.1016/S0010-440X(96)90025-5.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study examined emotional processing and outcome in 27 Vietnam veterans with chronic PTSD who underwent eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, with and without the eye movement component, in a crossover design. Results supported the occurrence of partial emotional processing, but there were no differences in its extent in the eye-movement versus eyes-fixed conditions. Therapy produced a modest to moderate overall improvement, mostly on the Impact of Event Scale. There was slightly more improvement in the eyes-fixed than eye-movement condition. There was little association between the extent of emotional processing and therapeutic outcome. In our hands, EMDR was at least as efficacious for combat-related PTSD as imaginal flooding proved to be in a previous study, and was better tolerated by subjects. However, results suggest that eye movements do not play a significant role in processing of traumatic information in EMDR and that factors other than eye movements are responsible for EMDR's therapeutic effect. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Americans Clinical Trial Empirical Study Longitudinal Study Males Middle Aged Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Veterans Vietnam War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
322. Hornsveld, H. K., Landwehr, F., Stein. W., Stomp, M. P. H., Smeets, M. A. M., & van den Hout. M. A. (2010). Emotionality of loss-related memories is reduced after recall plus eye movements but not after recall plus music or recall only. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(4), 106-112. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.4.3.106.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Numerous studies have shown that eye movements during recall of negative memories reduce their emotionality.
We investigated whether these findings can be extended specifically to negative memories of loss.
Sixty undergraduate students participated and recalled a negative autobiographical memory of loss and
performed—in counterbalanced order—three types of tasks: recall-plus-eye-movements, recall-only, and
recall-plus-relaxing-music. Recall-plus-music was added to investigate whether reductions in emotionality
are associated with relaxation. Levels of emotionality, relaxation, and concentration were assessed before
and after each stimulus condition. Participants reported a greater decline in emotionality and concentration
after eye movements in comparison to recall-only and recall-with-music. It is concluded that eye
movements are effective when negative memories pertain to loss and grief, suggesting possibilities for
treatment intervention in individuals suffering from complicated grief.
Keywords: Eye Movements Grief Loss Mechanism of Action Relaxation Working Memory Grief
Accuracy Verified: Yes
323. Grainger, R., Levin, C., Allen-Byrd, L., Doctor, R., & Lee, H. (1997, October). An empirical evaluation of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with survivors of a natural disaster. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 10(4), 665-671. doi:10.1023/A:1024806105473.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Controlled studies of treatments effective with victims of natural disasters are almost nonexistent. This is a small study conducted under difficult conditions to test the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in treating trauma related reactions following Hurricane Andrew. The results were positive in that EMDR produced significant improvement over wait list controls in perceived posttraumatic avoidance behaviors and thoughts as measured by changes in the Impact of Event Scale and significant improvement in subjective aversive reactions to representative experiences of the hurricane. These results suggest and support other studies that EMDR can be an effective therapeutic intervention for trauma reactions. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Disaster Effects Empirical Study Hurricane Andrew (1992) Hurricanes Longitudinal Study Non-Randomized Study Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
324. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for PTSD. (2001). Empirical evidence regarding behavioral treatments for PTSD, Factsheet. Washington, DC.
Language: English
Format: Publication
Abstract:
EMDR involves having the patient bring to mind images of the trauma while engaging in back-and-forth eye movements (or while alternating oneâs attention back and forth using taps or sounds). It also addresses trauma-related negative beliefs. It has been shown to be more effective than psychodynamic, relaxation, supportive, or placebo wait list therapies (where patients are put on a waiting list to receive treatment but don't actually receive it by the time they are tested). Research comparing EMDR to the more generally accepted cognitive-behavioral techniques shows significantly better results with CBT than with EMDR, particularly at three-month follow-up. CBT results also show greater sustainability. Research looking at the different components of EMDR shows that the eye
movement component adds no additional treatment effect to the imagery exposure and the process of dealing with negative beliefs.
Keywords: Behavioral Treatments Fact Sheet Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
325. Montgomery, R. W. (1993). An empirical investigation of eye movement desensitization. Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA. AAT 9409413.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Recently, a series of studies have presented a highly unorthodox procedure, Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD), which involved the repeated exposure of a subject to their own disturbing memories while generating a series of saccadic eye movements. These reports are largely clinical case reports, therefore the technique has not been empirically validated. The current investigation determined if the simple saccadic eye movements (rhythmically tracking a stimulus) in conjunction with the repeated exposure decreased the intensity of disturbing memories experienced in PTSD or whether such decreases could be obtained through repeated exposure alone. Subject's self-reports and physiological information regarding the discomfort experienced during their disturbing memories were recorded prior to, during, and following treatment. Diagnostic procedures including a structured clinical interview were utilized in making diagnoses.A series of three multiple baseline across subjects single-case experimental designs were utilized. Results indicate that rates of distress were uniformly high during the intake/baseline. The initial control treatment condition, Shapiro's EMD treatment package minus the saccadic eye movements, was ineffective in altering these high levels of distress. Treatment of these 6 patients with the EMD protocol resulted in 5 of the 6 subjects showing clinically significant decreases in their self-reported levels of distress around their intrusive disturbing memories. Physiological data also reflected greater positive change during the EMD treatment for each subject. Overall, the EMD treatment protocol resulted in over a 70% decrease in self-reported distress across the 6 subjects investigated. This investigation of the use of EMD with non-combat PTSD subjects reflects the first investigation of EMD with this population utilizing single-case experimental methodology. The results were clear and dramatic. The treatment was effective with 5 of the 6 subjects and for that subject who reported no positive changes issues of secondary gain for continued disability were salient. Overall, this report represents an attempt to investigate EMD with a PTSD population utilizing a systematically replicated multiple baseline across subjects design. Further investigation, particularly focusing on treatment package dismantling, is therefore called for with EMD. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Clinical Trial Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
326. Goodyear-Brown, P. (2008, January). Empirically informed play therapy inteventions for treating traumatized children, Parts I & II. Presentation at the San Diego International Conference on Child and Family Maltreatment, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: E
vidence Based Practice is the new standard in the field. However, the evidence base regarding trauma treatments for children, particularly young children, is in the early stages of it's evolution.
Recent research related to the neurobiology of trauma, implicit and explicit memory systems and the impact of these dynamics on trauma treatment will be discussed. Treatments with a large evidence base, such as TF-CBT and EMDR will be discussed with a view to how many of the treatment goals can be accomplished and more easily digested by children through the vehicle of play. It is critical that practitioners who serve traumatized children be able to match interventions to treatment goals and symptomatology. Specific play therapy interventions will be tied to treatment goals in an effort to help practitioners expand their repertoires with child-friendly interventions based on the latest research.
The treatment areas covered in this workshop will include helping the client to
1) re-establish a sense of safety and security,
2) learn and practice stress inoculation strategies,
3) identify and confront faulty attributions related to the trauma,
4) restructure distorted cognitions related to the trauma and
5) create a trauma narrative.
Several play therapy interventions will be explained and demonstrated for each of the aforementioned gaols. Children accomplish the hard work of healing from trauma in a gentle, fun and safe treatment milieu. Case vignettes, slides and video clips will augment the didactic presentation. Experiential methods will also be used. Participants should come prepared to play!
Keywords: Children Evidence-Based Practice Play Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
327. Ponniah, K., & Hollon, S. D. (2009). Empirically supported psychological treatments for adult acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder: A review. Depression and Anxiety, 26(12), 1086-1109. doi:10.1002/da.20635..
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background: Acute stress disorder (ASD) predicts the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which in some sufferers can persist for years and lead to significant disability. We carried out a review of randomized controlled trials to give an update on which psychological treatments are empirically supported for these disorders, and used the criteria set out by Chambless and Hollon [1998: J Consult Clin Psychol 66:7-18] to draw conclusions about efficacy, first irrespective of trauma type and second with regard to particular populations. METHODS: The PsycINFO and PubMed databases were searched electronically to identify suitable articles published up to the end of 2008. Fifty-seven studies satisfied our inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Looking at the literature undifferentiated by trauma type, there was evidence that trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) are efficacious and specific for PTSD, stress inoculation training, hypnotherapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, and psychodynamic therapy are possibly efficacious for PTSD and trauma-focused CBT is possibly efficacious for ASD. Not one of these treatments has been tested with the full range of trauma groups, though there is evidence that trauma-focused CBT is established in efficacy for assault- and road traffic accident-related PTSD. Conclusions: Trauma-focused CBT and to a lesser extent EMDR (due to fewer studies having been conducted and many having had a mixed trauma sample) are the psychological treatments of choice for PTSD, but further research of these and other therapies with different populations is needed. [Pubmed]
Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychological Therapies PTSD Qualitative Review Random Control Trials, RCT
Accuracy Verified: Yes
328. Seliga, M. (2009, Fall). Empirically supported treatment interventions for clients with posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid borderline personality disorder: A critical review. Praxis, 9, 61-69.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The overall stigma- and gender-related controversies
that surround the diagnosis of Borderline Personality
Disorder (BPD) present a unique ethical mandate to the
practitioner. The relationship between trauma and the
BPD diagnosis strengthens the need for carefully
designed treatment interventions in order to secure the
benefits of trauma-focused work, while minimizing the
risk of undue regression. The complexity and risk of
harm introduced by a diagnosis of comorbid BPD and
PTSD urges the need for clarification of optimal
treatment interventions to guide practitioners. The use
of adjunctive treatment modalities alongside traumafocused
interventions emerges as an empirically
supported technique in the treatment of severely
comorbid patients.
Keywords: Borderline Personality Disorder Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
329. Ogden, P. (2004, September). Empowering the body: Somatic awareness and physical action in the treatment of trauma and dissociation. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Assocation, Montreal, Quebec Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The repetitive traumatic patterns our clients come to us to change are not only psychological but somatic, clearly reflected in posture, energy level, movement, regulation of arousal and other physical attributes. Changing these patterns cannot be accomplished by insight alone. The procedural memory that keeps such behaviors and dissociative patterns in in place must be addressed. A body-oriented approach is indicated that facilitates new actions and addresses dissociative symptoms, including somaticcomponents of traumatic memories (e.g., pain, analgesia, and motor inhibitions) and avoidance-related symptoms such as bodily anesthesia. Sensorimotor Psychotherapy emphasizes practicing new actions and building other somatic resouces to mitigate symptoms and develop a somatic sense of self. In this workshop, somatic interventions that can be integrated into existing clinical skills will be taught and illustrated through excerpts of videotaped therapy sessions and brief experiential exercises.
Keywords: Dissociation Somatism Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
330. Feinstein, D. (2008). Energy psychology: A review of the preliminary evidence. Psychotherapy, 45(2), 199-213. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.45.2.199.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Energy psychology utilizes imaginal and narrative-generated exposure, paired with interventions
that reduce hyperarousal through acupressure and related techniques. According to practitioners,
this leads to treatment outcomes that are more rapid, powerful, and precise than the strategies
used in other exposure-based treatments such as relaxation or diaphragmatic breathing. The
method has been exceedingly controversial. It relies on unfamiliar procedures adapted from non-
Western cultures, posits unverified mechanisms of action, and early claims of unusual speed and
therapeutic power ran far ahead of initial empirical support. This paper reviews a hierarchy of
evidence regarding the efficacy of energy psychology, from anecdotal reports to randomized
clinical trials. Although the evidence is still preliminary, energy psychology has reached the
minimum threshold for being designated as an evidence-based treatment, with one form having
met the APA Division 12 criteria as a “probably efficacious treatment” for specific phobias;
another for maintaining weight loss. The limited scientific evidence, combined with extensive
clinical reports, suggests that energy psychology holds promise as a rapid and potent treatment
for a range of psychological conditions.
Keywords: Energy psychology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
331. Datta, P., & Wallace, J. W. (1996, June). Enhancement of victim empathy along with reduction in anxiety and increase of positive cognition of sex offenders after treatment with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Treatment of sex offenders who have been themselves sexually abused in their childhood, offers
a significant challenge for many therapists. The traumas related to abuse are unique to the
individual offender and need to be addressed to enhance victim empathy that is so crucial in
breaking the cycle of offense. Treatment of a group of sexually abused adolescent sex offenders
using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) showed reduction in anxiety and
increase in positive cognition. A pre- and post-treatment evaluation using the Datta Empathy
Scale (DES), after an average of 3 sessions, showed a significant increase in empathy for
respective victims. The DES was administered one year after the cessation of EMDR treatment
and the results showed a sustaining effect of EMDR on victim empathy, anxiety and positive
cognition.
Keywords: Empathy Sex Offenders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
332. Datta, P. C., & Wallace, J. W. (1996, November). Enhancement of victim empathy along with reduction in anxiety and increase of positive cognition of sex offenders after treatment with EMDR: Maintenance after three years. Presentation at the EMDR Special Interest Group at the Annual Convention of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, New York.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Treatment of sex offenders who have been themselves sexually abused n their childhood, offers a significant challenge for many therapists. The traumas related to abuse are unique to the individual offender and need to be addressed to enhance victim empathy that is so crucial in breaking the cycle of offense. Treatment of a group of sexually abused adolescent sex offenders using eye movement desensittization and reprocessing (EMDR) showed reduction in anxiety and increase in positive cognition. A pre- and post-treatment evaluation using the Datta Empathy Scale (DES), after an average of 3 sessions, showed a significant increase in empathy for respective victims. The victim empathy (using DES), anxiety (using SUDS0, and cognition control (using VoC scale) were also measured in the available subjects one year after and three years after the cessation of EMDR treatment, the results showed a sustaining effect of EMDR on victim empathy, anxiety, and positive cognition.
Keywords: Anxiety Sex Offenders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
333. Yehuda, R. (2012, October). Epigenetics: What does it explain about trauma survivors?. Plenary presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Most persons who develop PTSD in the aftermath of exposure recover from trauma-related symptoms, but remain at risk for a recrudescence of symptoms. This suggests that there are aspects of the response to high magnitude trauma that are long-lasting, despite variations in symptom intensity over time. Current bio-behavioral models of PTSD fall short of explaining the apparent paradox of an enduring response on the one hand and symptom change over time on the other. However, this phenomenon can potentially be explained by epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetics (literally: “epi” meaning “in addition to” genetics) refers to a heritable change in the genome that can be induced by environmental events and does not involve an alteration of DNA sequence. Such modifications reflect enduring changes in the function of the DNA that are caused by environmental exposures. These changes can alter gene function influencing its biological activity. This presentation will discuss evidence for such changes in PTSD, and will explain how such mechanisms explain many of the salient features of PTSD, including individual variation in responses to events of similar intensity (e.g., combat exposures), and the relative permanence of biological and psychological alterations associated with the disorder. Current models of stress, or even gene-environment interactions, only partially address the influence of prior exposure(s) on PTSD vulnerability and the long-lasting biological and psychological effects of trauma exposure. In addition, epigenetic modifications can be transmitted intergenerationally, both through the maternal and paternal lines. The implications of such changes as PTSD vulnerability factors will also be discussed.
Keywords: Epigenetics Plenary Survivors Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
334. Sandberg, A. (2010, March 26). Erasing memories: Next treatment for PTSD and other trauma-related disorders?. Psychiatric Times. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/news/2010/03/100325_erasing_memories_hs.shtml 4/10/2010.
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
Neuroscientists are exploring ways to erase bad memories in patients who have
experienced traumatic events. But, is it ethical to erase a memory or flashback and the
feelings associated with that moment to alleviate suffering, or should clinicians focus on
therapies such as CBT and EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) to
help patients cope with a trauma? Online article includes a link to a BBC Podcast.
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Erasing Memories Flashbacks
Accuracy Verified: Yes
335. Ohtani, T., Matsuo, K., Kasai, K., Kato, T., & Kato, N. (2010, February). Erratum to “Hemodynamic responses of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in posttraumatic stress disorder”. Neuroscience Research, 66(2), 232. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2009.12.002.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Reports an error in "Hemodynamic responses of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in posttraumatic stress disorder" by Toshiyuki Ohta ni, Koji Matsuo, Kiyoto Kasai, Tadafumi Kato and Nobumasa Kato (Neuroscience Research, 2009[Dec], Vol 65[4], 375-383). The publisher regrets that the surname of Dr. Ohtani was incorrectly spelt in the original article. The corrected author listing is given in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2009-20201-001). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective psychological intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Trauma-related recall (Recall) with eye movements (EMs) is thought to reduce distress. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown. Thirteen patients with PTSD received EMDR treatment over the course of 2–10 weeks. We assessed the change in hemoglobin concentration in the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) during Recall with and without EM using multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Clinical diagnosis and improvement were evaluated using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. Recall with EM was associated with a significant decrease in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([oxy-Hb]) in the lateral PFC as compared with Recall without EM. Longitudinally, [oxy-Hb] during Recall significantly decreased and the amount of decrease was significantly correlated with clinical improvement when the post-treatment data was compared with that of the pre-treatment. Our results suggest that performing EM during Recall reduces the over-activity of the lateral PFC, which may be part of the biological basis for the efficacy of EMDR in PTSD. NIRS may be a useful tool for objective assessment of psychological intervention in PTSD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Hemodynamic Responses Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
336. Hornsveld, H. K., Houtveen, J. H., Vroomen, M., Kapteijn, I., Aalbers, D., & van den Hout, M. A. (2011). Evaluating the effect of eye movements on positive memories such as those used in resource development and installation. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(4), 146-155. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.4.146.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Resource development and installation (RDI) is an eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)-related procedure developed to strengthen positive associations in positive and resourceful memories (Korn & Leeds, 2002). This study tested the assumption that bilateral stimulation (horizontal eye movements [EM]) in RDI “appears to lead to spontaneous, rapid increases in affective intensity . . . and to rich, emotionally vivid associations” (Korn & Leeds, p. 1469). This study also tested whether eye movement effects could be better accounted for by working memory or by interhemispheric interaction theory. Fifty-three undergraduate students each recalled three memories of pride, perseverance, and self-confidence. They provided pretest and posttest ratings of each memory for vividness, pleasantness, and experienced strength of the positive quality, before and after performing three simultaneous tasks during recall: horizontal EM, vertical EM, and recall only. Results were fully in line with working memory predictions, with significant decreases for all variables following both eye movement tasks. There was no support for the interhemispheric hypothesis. It is concluded that the effectiveness of bilateral stimulation in RDI is questionable. Clinical implications are discussed.
Keywords: Eye Movements RDI Resource Development and Installation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
337. Lamprecht, F., Kohnke, C., Lempa, W., Sack, M., Matzke, M., & Munte, T. F. (2004, June). Event-related potentials and EMDR treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuroscience Research, 49(2), 267-272. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2004.02.013.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
10 patients suffering from PTSD following a severe traumatic event, were assessed with event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in a modified oddball paradigm containing auditory standard, target, and novel tones. ERPs were assessed before and after a treatment session using the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing method. Compared to a control group that underwent sham treatment, ERPs of the patients showed a reduction of the P3a component in the post-treatment recording, suggesting a reduced orienting to novel stimuli and reduced arousal level after the treatment. Moreover, psychometric assessment revealed a marked improvement of the PTSD symptoms after treatment. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Brain Imaging Adults Cognitive Processes Empirical Study Germans Longitudinal Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychophysiology PTSD Quantitative Study Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
338. Capps, F. (2005). The EXACT method: Resolution of substance abuse-related trauma in couples counseling utilizing eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX. AAT 3173700.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
This study utilized single session EMDR (Shapiro, 1995, 2002) and the Experiential Approach to Couples Treatment (EXACT method) to target substance abuse related trauma in non-dependent partners (NDPs) of former substance abusers. Chemical dependent partners (CDPs) received simultaneous experiential treatment. Treatment effects and maintenance of treatment between experimental and wait-list control groups were examined for trauma reduction, commitment to sobriety, and emotional intimacy. Correlations among intimacy, emotional quality, between and commitment to sobriety were examined. Meta-analyses informed the literature review and described the gold standards (Foa & Meadows, 1997) which were used to rate controlled research. The Emogram (Priesmeyer, Knickerbocker, Comstock, & Mudge, 2001) was used for pre-posttest comparisons. This study met the gold standards at a rating of seven (RGS = 7.0). The sample consisted of 12 couples (N = 24) drawn from adult volunteers who met screening criteria. Data was analyzed using within subjects multivariate analyses of variance with repeated measures, and Pearson product-moment correlations. Trauma-related symptoms were significantly reduced for NDPs. Commitment to sobriety was measured by anxiety and depression symptoms which were significantly reduced for chemical dependent partners (CDPs). Trauma, anxiety, and depression reductions were maintained for all participants at follow-up. Maintenance of gains in commitment to sobriety and in emotional intimacy for CDPs failed to reject the null hypotheses. Measures of Self Disclosure, Love and Affection, and Personal Validation were significantly correlated, but were not significantly correlated to Trust or to Emotional Quality. No significant relationship was found between Emotional Quality and Commitment to Sobriety or between Emotional Quality and Emotional Intimacy for CDPs. Conclusions include that a single session of the treatment was efficacious for trauma, anxiety, and depression reduction and for increased commitment to sobriety and intimacy. Treatment gains for trauma, anxiety, and depression reduction were maintained. Commitment to sobriety and emotional intimacy gains tended to be maintained but were not significant. Intimacy measures tended to be related to each other, but relationships among other measures were not significant. Recommendations include larger sample sizes, additional variables of study, and lengthening follow-ups. Comparative treatment methods are recommended. Future research should include families. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. 66(4-A), 2005, pp. 1282.
Keywords: Counseling Couples Drug Abuse Emotional Trauma Empirical Study Quantitative Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
339. Rodebaugh, T. L., Curran, P. J., & Chambless, D. L. (2002, Spring). Expectancy of panic in the maintenance of daily anxiety in panic disorder with agoraphobia: A longitudinal test of competing models. Behavior Therapy, 33(2), 315-336. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(02)80031-4.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Although panic expectancy and the experience of anxiety are clearly related, their
causal relationship remains unclear. A series of autoregressive latent trajectory
models was used to evaluate the relationship between the highest level of daily
anxiety and panic expectancy over time. Participants (N = 45) who met criteria for
panic disorder with agoraphobia filled out daily diary measures over a 10-day period.
It was hypothesized that expectation of panic (measured in the morning)
would be primarily responsible for the maintenance of daily anxiety (measured in
the evening). Daily anxiety was found to be influenced by a traitlike anxiety component,
anxiety from the previous day, and morning expectation of panic. Panic
expectancy was found to be influenced by a traitlike expectancy component, but
not by the previous day's anxiety. Limitations of the model and future applications
are discussed.
Keywords: Agoraphobia Anxiety Panic Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
340. Naccarato, C. (2008). The experience of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing as a therapeutic approach in healing trauma. University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL. AAT 3306738.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Grounded theory method was used to explore the experiences of patients suffering the effects of psychological trauma who had received eye movement desensitization and reprocessing approach (EMDR) as treatment. Saturation of the categories was achieved with the analysis of 15 interviews. The basic social psychological process that emerged is transforming suffering and the core category is changes in perception. The three subcategories, relinquishing, presencing and emerging, form the conceptual framework for the stages of transforming suffering. The stages of relinquishing, presencing and emerging contain concepts and their properties to guide practice. The two dimensions of processing subsumed within each stage are temporal perspectives (past, present and future) and processing fields (physical field, cognitive field and transformative field). These concepts help explain the progression of the patient to experience resolution of the trauma and/or related symptoms/behaviors. Transforming suffering: changes in perception using EMDR is the resultant substantive theory. The implications of this theoretical framework for psychotherapeutic practice and future research are reviewed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 69(3-B), 2008, pp. 1571.
Keywords: Empirical Study Grounded Theory Quantitative Study Therapeutic Processes Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
341. Brown, P. (2011, March). An exploration of the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) techniques within a solution focused brief therapy (SFBT) framework with children experiencing personal and school related problems. Presentation at the 9th annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland, Bristol.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This study was set in a mainstream primary school in Scotland where a group of children
had been identified by their class teachers and parents as presenting as quiet, shy, withdrawn and/or
anxious. The researcher was an educational psychologist in the local authority where the study took
place. 5 primary aged children at stages P5, P6 and P7 (aged 9 to 11 years) of the Scottish Primary
education system were involved in a group process which took place in their school, consisting of
6 sessions over the course of 2 months. The intervention combined elements from Eye Movement
Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT). This was a
strength based approach which aimed to focus on positive strengths and increase resilience.
The individual nature of the therapy required a flexible model. A qualitative research methodology
was used. The general aim of this research was to investigate this combined therapeutic process
within an applied psychology perspective. The research set out to study the experiences of a group
of children during and after they participated in the process. A further aim of the research was to
explore the process from my own perspective as the therapist and facilitator.
Data was collected during and after each session and post intervention data was collected from
children, parents and teachers. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyse
the data. Findings indicated that the children found the intervention helpful and they were able to
identify particular aspects of SFBT and EMDR which they had found useful.
Keywords: Children School-Related Problems SFBT Solution Focused Brief Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
342. Kennedy, J. (2013, April 24). Exploring alternate ways to deal with trauma. Truro Daily News, Colchester County, Nova Scotia.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
I recently received EMDR training to add to my skill set of interventions to offer clients. What is EMDR, you might ask? It is the acronym for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. This treatment was developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro to help those with trauma related disorders such as, PTSD (post traumatic stress disorder), whose natural ability to process traumatic experiences was compromised. The hypothesis is that EMDR bilateral stimulation (eye movements, audio beeps, tactile pulses) replicates REM sleep, which is presumed to assist the brain in processing the information it received during the day. The idea being that the eye movements, or other forms of bilateral stimulation, add to the therapy’s effectiveness by evoking neurological and physiological changes to aid in the reprocessing of the traumatic memories. [Excerpt]
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP General Overview
Accuracy Verified: No
343. Taylor, S. (2003, October-November). Exposure therapy, EMDR and relaxation. In M. Creamer (Chair), PTSD treatment outcome predictors. Symposium conducted at the 19th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Several psychosocial treatments appear to be effective in treating
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, little is known about
the predictors of treatment outcome. It is possible that some variables
predict poor outcome for some treatments but not for others.
To investigate this issue, outcome predictors were examined for
three 8-session treatments: Exposure therapy (entailing prolonged
imaginal and in vivo exposure), relaxation training, and eye movement
desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Sixty people with
PTSD entered and 45 completed treatment. To our knowledge, ours
was the first EMDR study to meet all the Foa and Meadows Gold
Standards for methodologically sound outcome research.
Treatments did not differ in attrition or perceived credibility.
Predictors of treatment outcome in PTSD:
While psychological treatments for PTSD have developed considerably
in recent years, large variation in individual treatment response
is apparent. This symposium integrates research from the USA,
Canada, and Australia to examine the impact of personal characteristics,
childhood abuse history, and treatment setting as predictors
of response to cognitive behavioral interventions.
PTSD treatment outcome predictors: Exposure therapy, EMDR and relaxation: Exposure tended to be most effective, and EMDR and relaxation
did not differ in efficacy. Low patient ratings of treatment credibility
(assessed in session 2) predicted treatment dropout, regardless of
treatment type. Of the potential outcome predictors examined,
severe reexperiencing symptoms (assessed prior to treatment) predicted
poor outcome for relaxation training but not for the other
therapies. The best predictor of treatment outcome was whether or
not patients received exposure therapy.
Keywords: Exposure Therapy PSTD Outcome Predictors Relaxation Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
344. Mevissen-Renckens, L., & Lievegoed, R. (2009). Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) A treatment method for trauma-related psychiatric disorders and psycho-social problems related to negative life events. Presentation at the 7th European Congress of Mental Health in Intellectual Disability, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In the last two decades there is an increasing number of studies on the effects of trauma and life events in people
with Intellectual Disabilities (ID). Behavioural problems and depressive symptoms are frequently reported. Post
Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a specifi c trauma-related anxiety disorder with high prevalence rates in the
normal population and with disruptive effects on the patient’s everyday life. As in children, behavioural problems
are supposed to be a common feature in people with ID who have been exposed to traumatic life events.
In regard to the general vulnerability of people with ID, PTSD is supposed to be considerably under diagnosed
and under treated in this population. In the normal population Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Eye
Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) are evidence based treatment methods for PTSD. Because
of its highly nonverbal character EMDR seems to be a suitable treatment method for people with intellectual and
developmental disabilities.
In this workshop the focus is on
• the recognition of symptoms related to psycho trauma or to sequences of negative life experiences, illustrated
by a variety of case studies on people with ID.
• EMDR treatment in children and adults with a mild, moderate or severe ID, illustrated by video presentations.
The participants get opportunities to experience some working mechanisms of EMDR by supervised practicing.
Keywords: Negative Life Events Psychiatric Disorders Psycho-Social Problems
Accuracy Verified: No
345. Brown, S. H., Stowasser, J. E., & Shapiro, F. (2011). Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR): Mental health-substance use. In D. B. Cooper (Ed.), Intervention in Mental Health-Substance Use (pp. 165-193) United Kingdom: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd .
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Substance use disorders remain a persistent social and medical problem. According to a
recent report,1 addiction is the number one health problem in the United States. The report
notes that when one considers the direct costs of drug-induced health problems, deaths due
to accidents, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or drug-related acts of violent crime,
there are ‘more deaths, illnesses and disabilities from substance abuse than from any other
preventable health condition’.1
Most experts today agree that substance use disorders are a complex interaction
between genetics, environment, and experience. ‘Substance dependence is not a failure of
will or of strength of character, but a medical disorder that could affect any human being.
Dependence is a chronic and relapsing disorder, often co-occurring with other physical
and mental conditions’.2
The question remains - Why has it been that over the course of human history,
where people and cultures have had access to alcohol and potent mind-altering substances,
that only some become addicted while the rest are able to regulate their use?
The drugs that people experiencing substance use disorders select are not chosen
randomly, but are a result of an interaction between the psychopharmacologic action of the
drug and the dominant painful feelings with which they struggle. Edward Khantzian,
observed that opiates are often preferred because of their powerful numbing action on the
affects of rage and aggression. Cocaine has its appeal because of its ability to relieve
distress associated with depression. Although ill-fated, ‘addicts discover that the short-term
effects of their drugs of choice help them cope with distressful subjective states and an
external reality otherwise experienced as unmanageable or overwhelming’. Thus emerges a compelling hypothesis, which proposes that people use psychoactive substances in an
attempt to control painful symptoms resulting from psychological trauma. This is referred
to as ‘self-medication’.
Some studies in the United States show that more than 50% of people with mental
disorders also suffer from substance dependence compared to 6% of the general
population.2 It is from our interest in providing integrated treatment for the complex
interaction of genes, environment, trauma, and psychological pain as a driving force behind
mental health-substance use disorders, that this chapter is written.
Keywords: Substance Abuse
Accuracy Verified: Yes
346. Cuppen, M. (2007, Juli). Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing, Maakt deze bijzondere behandeling voor traumagerelateerde klachten Pesso-psychotherapie overbodig? [Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing - Does this special treatment for trauma-related symptoms Pesso-psychotherapy redundant?]. Pesso Tijdschrift, 37-49.
Language: Swedish
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, EMDR, har i psykoterapiforskning
visats vara en effektiv behandlingsmetod av posttraumatiskt
stressyndrom, PTSD. Däremot är ögonrörelsestimuleringen,
som är ett centralt moment i metoden, kontroversiell och dess
funktion inte klarlagd.
I föreliggande undersökning randomiserades trettiosex friska försökspersoner
till en av tre stimuleringsbetingelser: ögonrörelsestimulering,
taktil stimulering eller orörligt visuellt stimuli (kontrollgrupp). Stimuleringen
kombinerades med imaginär exponering, negativ och positiv.
Utfallet av experimentet mättes i olika fysiologiska mätparametrar,
samt självskattningar av obehagsnivĺn (SUD). Resultaten visade signifikant
högre hudkonduktansnivĺ vid ögonrörelsestimulering jämfört
med kontrollgruppen, relaterat till aktivering av det sympatiska nervsystemet.
Inga signifikanta gruppskillnader fanns i de övriga mätningarna.
Mönstret av autonom aktivering kan tyda pĺ att ögonrörelsestimuleringen
utlöser eller förstärker en orienteringsrespons, vilket vissa
teoretiker föreslagit är den verksamma mekanismen i EMDR. Dock
behövs fortsatt forskning för att förstĺ denna verkan, samt koppling
till terapeutisk effekt.
Eye Movement desensitization and Reprocessing, EMDR, psychotherapy research has shown to be an effective treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD. However, ögonrörelsestimuleringen, which is the lynchpin of the method, controversial and its function is not clear. In the present study were randomized thirty-six healthy subjects to one of the three stimulation conditions: eye movement stimulation, tactile stimulation or static visual stimuli (control group). The stimulation was combined with imaginary exposure, negative and positive. The outcome of the experiment were measured in various physiological test parameters, and self-estimates the level of discomfort (SUD). The results showed significantly higher hudkonduktansnivĺ of eye movement stimulation compared with control group, related to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. No significant group differences were found in the other measurements. The pattern of autonomic activation may indicate that ögonrörelsestimuleringen trigger or reinforce an orientation response, as some theorists suggested is the active mechanism in EMDR. However, further research is needed to understand this effect, and access to therapeutic efficacy.
Keywords: Pesso Psychotherapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
347. Shapiro, F. (1991, May). Eye movement desensitization & reprocessing procedure: From EMD to EMD/R--A new treatment model for anxiety and related traumata. the Behavior Therapist, 14(5), 133-135.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
This article examines the author's physiological explanation for the efficacy of eye movement desensitization, referencing the use of this treatment in her earlier (1989) study of Vietnam War veterans and victims of rape who had PTSD-related symptoms and traumatic memories.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychophysiology PTSD Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
348. Wolpe, J. (1990, Nov). Eye movement desensitization (EMD) procedure: A rapid treatment of anxiety and related trauma. Clinical roundtable presented at the annual conference of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, San Francisco, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Anxiety Roundtable Trauma
Accuracy Verified: No
349. Muris, P., & de Jongh, A. (1996, August). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Kind en Adolescent, 17(3), 128-134. doi:10.1007/BF03060628.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is een nieuwe behandelingsmethode voor posttraumatische stress–stoornis en andere trauma–gerelateerde angstklachten. In essentie behelst EMDR het volgende: cliënten nemen een traumatische of aversieve herinnering in gedachten en voeren onderwijl oogbewegingen uit door de hand van de therapeut te volgen. Onder invloed van de oogbewegingen zouden negatieve herinneringen hun pathogene karakter verliezen en alsnog adequaat worden verwerkt. Na een beknopte uiteenzetting over de achtergrond van EMDR en de toepassing van deze techniek bij kinderen, wordt de procedure beschreven en toegelicht aan de hand van twee gevalsbeschrijvingen. Speciale aandacht gaat daarbij uit naar behandelingsaspecten die voor het gebruik van EMDR bij kinderen relevant kunnen zijn. EMDR lijkt een nuttige aanvulling op reeds beschikbare behandelingsvormen. Vooralsnog is een kritische houding echter geboden.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a new treatment for post traumatic stress disorder and other trauma-related anxiety. EMDR involves essentially the following: clients take an aversive or traumatic memory in mind and implement the while eye movements in the hands of the therapist to follow. Under the influence of eye movements were negative memories lose their pathogenic character and still be properly processed. After a brief discussion of the background of EMDR and the application of this technique in children, the procedure is described and illustrated by two case reports. Special attention is paid to aspects of treatment for the use of EMDR in children may be relevant. EMDR appears to be a useful complement the available treatment modalities. For now, however, offered a critical attitude.
Keywords: Anxiety Case Report Children Female Phobias Spider Phobia Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma-Related Anxiety
Accuracy Verified: Yes
350. Spates, C. R., Koch, E., Cusack, K., Pagoto, S., & Waller, S. (2009). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. In E. B. Foa, T. M. Keane, M. Terence, M. J. Friedman, & J. A. Cohen, (Eds) Effective treatments for PTSD: Practice guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (2nd ed.) (pp. 279-305). New York: Guilford Press.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
This chapter critically summarizes state-of-the-art knowledge relevant to the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for traumatic stress. We review empirical evidence and pertinent meta-analyses since the first edition of this volume was published. Data pertaining to EMDR treatment of both adults and children are incorporated. We also examined the evidence for its bearing on "questions in need of further research" from the previous update to determine whether the recommended research questions have been addressed. Finally, we raise a number of questions for continuing research relevant to EMDR and, more generally, the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in which the evidence points to opportunities for emerging, empirically supported practice. In this chapter we address the empirical foundation of EMDR in terms of efficacy, comparative effectiveness, and durability. We also present evidence bearing on the conceptual framework, at least insofar as procedural components are concerned. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Chronic PSTD Exposure Therapy Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Traumatic Stress Treatment Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
351. MacCulloch, M. J. (1999). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 5, 120-125. doi:10.1192/apt.5.2.120.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing
(EMDR) was described by Shapiro (1989a,b)as a new
method for treating post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD). In May 1987, while walking in the park,
Shapiro noticed that her own disturbing thoughts
changed then disappeared "without any conscious
effort" (Shapiro, 1995) when they had been tempor
ally paired with diagonal upward to and fro eye
movements. Over the next six months Shapiro
worked with approximately 70 people to develop a
procedure based on the temporal pairing of
distressing images and thoughts with various eye
movements. Shapiro began to develop strategies to
unblock stalled emotional processing, which was
initiated by EMDR in non-patients. She successfully
tried the method on a Vietnam veteran suffering from
severe PTSD and then embarked upon a trial of
EMDR on a mixed group of victims of rape,
molestation and Vietnam combat trauma. Initially,
EMDR achieved wide recognition as a new break
through treatment for PTSD. This was, in part,
because of very positive early reports (e.g. Wolpe &
Abrams, 1991), but also because the EMDR effect
appeared to occur with unprecedented speed, often
in cases of PTSD that had previously resisted
treatment by many other methods over a long period.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
352. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2010, October). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. National Registry of Evidence-Based Programs and Practices, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Retrieved from http://nrepp.samhsa.gov/ViewIntervention.aspx?id=199 on 3/25/2011.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a one-on-one form of psychotherapy that is designed to reduce trauma-related stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to improve overall mental health functioning. Treatment is provided by an EMDR therapist, who first reviews the client's history and assesses the client's readiness for EMDR. During the preparation phase, the therapist works with the client to identify a positive memory associated with feelings of safety or calm that can be used if psychological distress associated with the traumatic memory is triggered. The target traumatic memory for the treatment session is accessed with attention to image, negative belief, and body sensations. Repetitive 30-second dual-attention exercises are conducted in which the client attends to a motor task while focusing on the target traumatic memory and then on any related negative thoughts, associations, and body sensations. The most common motor task used in EMDR is side-to-side eye movements that follow the therapist's finger; however, alternating hand tapping or auditory tones delivered through headphones can be used. The exercises are repeated until the client reports no emotional distress. The EMDR therapist then asks the client to think of a preferred positive belief regarding the incident and to focus on this positive belief while continuing with the exercises. The exercises end when the client reports with confidence comfortable feelings and a positive sense of self when recalling the target trauma. The therapist and client review the client's progress and discuss scenarios or contexts that might trigger psychological distress. These triggers and positive images for appropriate future action are also targeted and processed. In addition, the therapist asks the client to keep a journal, noting any material related to the traumatic memory, and to focus on the previously identified positive safe or calm memory whenever psychological distress associated with the traumatic memory is triggered.
The underlying mechanism for how this process works to reduce trauma-related stress, anxiety, and depression is unknown. Researchers have theorized that the positive effect is due to adaptive information processing, the theoretical model behind EMDR. Through adaptive information processing, the dual-attention exercises disrupt the client's stored memory of the trauma to allow for an elimination of negative beliefs, emotions, and somatic symptoms associated with the memory as it connects with more adaptive information stored in the memory networks. Once recall of the trauma no longer elicits negative beliefs, emotions, or somatic symptoms and the memory simultaneously shifts to a more adaptive set of beliefs, emotions, and somatic responses, it is stored again, overwriting the original memory of the trauma.
EMDR is typically delivered in 60- to 90-minute sessions, although shorter sessions have been used successfully. The number of sessions varies with the complexity of the trauma being treated. For an isolated, single traumatic event, one to three sessions may be sufficient for treatment. However, when the trauma involves repeated traumatic events, such as combat trauma and physical, sexual, or emotional abuse, many more sessions may be needed for comprehensive treatment.
Keywords: Intervention Summary
Accuracy Verified: Yes
353. Schiraldi, G. R. (2000). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). In G. R. Schiraldi (Ed.), The post-traumatic stress disorder sourcebook: A guide to healing, recovery, and growth (pp. 213-218). Los Angeles, CA: Lowell House.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
No abstract available.
Keywords: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder PSTD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
354. Fernandez, I. (2001, Aprile). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 7(1), 35.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
L'articolo di J. Wolpe e J. Abrams presenta un caso trattato nel 1991 con Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD), erano le prime applicazioni cliniche dopo la scoperta di F. Shapiro nel 1989 dell'azione dei movimenti oculari sullo stress traumatico e sulle situazioni ansiogene. Negli anni successivi l'EMD č diventato EMDR, infatti, la desensibilizzazione č il primo effetto che avviene durante una seduta dove viene applicata la stimolazione bilaterale, ma successivamente l'osservazione massiccia ed approfondita degli effetti clinici di questo metodo terapeutico ha rivelato che il processo che avviene č molto piů complesso. Č stato notato che simultaneamente alla desensibilizzazione avviene una ristrutturazione cognitiva e che entrambe sono il risultato dell'elaborazione dell'informazione legata ai ricordi traumatici. Nel lavoro realizzato con la paziente Shirley, Wolpe descrive tutta la storia di terapie a cui era stata sottoposta fino a quel momento che perň non erano riuscite ad affrontare e risolvere l'esperienza traumatica della violenza sessuale. L'EMDR č stato efficace perché ha lavorato sul piano neurofisiologico, dove l'informazione č immagazzinata in modo disfunzionale ed č accessibile soltanto a questo livello, infatti, le terapie prettamente verbali non sempre riescono ad accedere e ad agire su questo piano e di conseguenza non riescono a modificare gli aspetti clinici legati alle esperienze di stress traumatico. Il programma terapeutico di Wolpe per l'introduzione dell'EMDR si č focalizzato inizialmente sull'esperienza traumatica della violenza (2 sedute) e dopo aver elaborato l'esperienza in sé sono stati individuati altri bisogni terapeutici legati all'ansia sociale e agli spunti agorafobici. Le 5 sedute successive sono state utilizzate per la desensibilizzazione di una serie di situazioni a cui era stato attribuito dalla paziente un valore della scala SUD. Si č iniziato dalla situazione piů ansiogena (85) nella scala SUD e anziché utilizzare il rilassamento proprio della desensibilizzazione sistematica, sono stati realizzati movimenti oculari. La paziente riportava una riduzione dell'ansia dopo ogni set di stimolazione bilaterale e l'immagine della situazione temuta tendeva a sparire e in alcune situazioni addirittura diventava positiva. La ristrutturazione cognitiva č avvenuta nella paziente in modo spontaneo man mano che la terapia procedeva, fino a riportare che poteva camminare per strada sentendosi una cittadina normale, avendo un progetto per il futuro, inoltre aveva smesso quasi completamente di bere e si sentiva che un peso si era sollevato dalle sue spalle. Riportava di essere piů rilassata sul lavoro, si godeva le passeggiate solitarie sulla spiaggia, aveva cominciato a curare il suo aspetto fisico e aveva iniziato ad avere interesse per gli uomini e ad avvicinarsi a qualcuno, ha riportato che non temeva piů di essere violentata e non aveva piů i pensieri suicidi e gli autori hanno ritenuto la terapia conclusa. I risultati si sono mantenuti ai vari follow up realizzati nel tempo. Quindi possiamo vedere i risultati della terapia con EMDR a livello cognitivo, nelle attribuzioni che fa del mondo e di se stessa, differenziando i pericoli veri da quelli meramente ansiogeni, soggettivo per quello che la paziente riporta emotivamente e a livello comportamentale, dove ha messo in atto dei nuovi comportamenti adattivi in modo spontaneo. Nella parte conclusiva gli autori menzionano una serie di 100 casi che sarebbero stati pubblicati nel Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry e si augurano che altre pubblicazioni potessero rispondere al bisogno di delucidare i meccanismi che permettono questi cambiamenti dopo una seduta di EMDR. Come si evince dagli articoli che vengono pubblicati in questo numero la ricerca, il lavoro empirico e le osservazioni cliniche hanno dato un grande contributo in questo senso negli ultimi anni. Sull'EMDR sono stati pubblicati piů di 150 articoli che ne dimostrano la efficacia. Tra le riviste scientifiche piů accreditate dove sono pubblicati dei lavori di ricerca sull'EMDR troviamo: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, British Journal of Clinical Psychology, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, Journal of Behaviour and experimental psychiatry, Behavioural and Cognitive psychotherapy, Behaviour Therapy, Journal of traumatic stress, The Clinical Psychologist, Journal of Psychotherapy integration, Harvard Mental Health letter, Journal of Clinical psychology, Psychotherapy, British Journal of Psychiatry, International Journal of Psychiatry. Inoltre, sono stati pubblicati libri e manuali per terapeuti tradotti in varie lingue (in Italia dall'Astrolabio e dalla Mc Graw Hill Italia). Inoltre, recentemente, l'International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) ha stabilito e comunicato che l'EMDR č uno dei metodi terapeutici piů rapidi ed efficaci per superare e risolvere il disturbo post-traumatico da stress.
The article by J. Wolpe, J. Abrams has a case treated in 1991 with Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD), were the first clinical applications since the discovery of F. Shapiro in 1989 of the eye movements on traumatic stress and anxiety-provoking situations. In subsequent years the EMD became EMDR, in fact, the first effect is the desensitization that occurs during a session where the stimulation is applied bilaterally, but then observing massive and thorough clinical effects of this therapy revealed that the process that takes place is much more complex. It was noted that desensitization occurs simultaneously with a cognitive restructuring, and that both are the result of information related to traumatic memories. In work done with the patient Shirley, Wolpe describes the history of therapies that had been subjected up to that point but had failed to address and resolve the traumatic experience of sexual violence. EMDR was effective because he worked on the neurophysiological level, where information is stored in a dysfunctional and is accessible only at this level, in fact, purely verbal therapies are not always able to access and act on this plan and therefore can not modify the clinical aspects related to the experience of traumatic stress. The treatment plan for the introduction of Wolpe EMDR focused initially traumatic experience of violence (2 sessions) and after processing the experience itself more therapeutic needs were identified related to social anxiety and agoraphobic cues . 5 The subsequent sessions were used for the desensitization of a variety of situations to which the patient was given a value of SUD scale. It was started by the most anxiety-inducing situation (85) in the scale instead of using SUD and their relaxation in systematic desensitization, eye movements were made. The patient reported a reduction in anxiety after each set of bilateral stimulation and the image of the feared situation, and tended to disappear in some situations even became positive. The cognitive restructuring has taken place in the patient spontaneously as the therapy progressed, he could bring up to walk down the street feeling like a normal citizen, having a vision for the future, also had almost completely stopped drinking and felt that a weight had lifted from his shoulders. Reported to be more relaxed at work, enjoyed solitary walks on the beach, he began to treat her physical appearance and had started to have interest to men and to approach someone, reported that no longer feared being raped and not had more suicidal thoughts and the authors have considered the therapy ended. The results were maintained at various follow-up made in time. So we can see the results of EMDR therapy at the cognitive level, which is within the functions of the world and of itself, differentiating the real dangers than mere anxiety, subjective to what the patient experiences emotional and behavioral level, where he implemented of new adaptive behaviors in a spontaneous way. In the concluding section the authors refer to a series of 100 cases were published in the Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry and hope that other publications might respond to the need to elucidate the mechanisms that allow these changes after a session of EMDR. It is clear from articles published in this issue the research, the empirical work and clinical observations have given a great contribution in this direction in recent years. EMDR has been published over 150 articles which demonstrate its effectiveness. Among the most accredited scientific journals which are published on EMDR research work are: the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, British Journal of Clinical Psychology, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, Journal of Behavior and Experimental Psychiatry, Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, Behaviour Therapy , Journal of Traumatic Stress, The Clinical Psychologist, Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, Harvard Mental Health Letter, American Journal of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, British Journal of Psychiatry, International Journal of Psychiatry. Were also published books and manuals for therapists translated into several languages (in Italy and the McGraw Hill dall'Astrolabio Italy). In addition, recently, the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) has established and communicated that EMDR is one of the fastest and most effective treatment methods to overcome and resolve the post-traumatic stress disorder.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
355. Wilensky, M. (2006). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as a treatment for phantom limb pain. Journal of Brief Therapy, 5(1), 31-44.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Five consecutive cases of phantom limb pain were treated with EMDR. The time since the amputation ranged from one week to three years. Four of the five clients completed the prescribed treatment and reported that pain was completely eliminated, or reduced to a negligible level. The one client who stopped treatment chose to do so after reducing his pain by one half. The standard EMDR treatment protocol was used to target the accident that caused the amputation, and other related events. The five cases are described in detail. The treatment and theoretical implications are explored and recommendations are made for future research.
Keywords: Phantom Limb Pain
Accuracy Verified: Yes
356. Boudewyns, P. A. & Hyer, L. A. (1996, October). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 3(3), 185-195. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0879(199609)3:3<185::AID-CPP101>3.0.CO;2-0.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing is a new and controversial cognitive-behavioural treatment technique that combines cognitive processing and exposure methodology to treat conditioned emotional responding and other trauma-related symptoms. EMDR is controversial in part due to initial excessive claims by its originator, Francine Shapiro, and also because of what many believe to be Shapiro's proprietary emphasis in controlling who may use the technique with patients. In this paper our aim is to take an objective look at the process and effectiveness of this technique. The purpose here is to (1) offer a brief objective review of the outcome literature to date on EMDR; (2) present a short summary of results of an 'early look' at an ongoing controlled study of this method that we are presently conducting; (3) speculate on the merits of this approach based on both scientific and clinical experience with EMDR and (4) offer a brief description of the evolved process of EMDR along with a commentary on that process. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Posttraumatic Stress DIsorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Treatment Effectiveness Veterans
Accuracy Verified: Yes
357. ten Broeke, E., & de Jongh, A. (2007). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) bij complexe posttraumatische stress-stoornissen [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in complex post traumatic stress disorder]. In P. G. H. Aarts and W. D. Visser (Eds.), Trauma: diagnostiek en behandeling (2druk.), (pp. 231-252). Houten/Diegem: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum.
Language: Dutch
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) werd eind jaren
tachtig geďntroduceerd door de Amerikaanse psychologe Shapiro (1989a) als
een nieuwe methode voor de behandeling van PTSS en andere aan trauma
gerelateerde psychische aandoeningen. Kenmerkend onderdeel van de
procedure is dat de patiënt wordt gevraagd de traumatische herinnering in
gedachten op te roepen en zich te concentreren op (1) het meest akelige
beeld, (2) de daaraan verbonden betekenis, (3) het actuele affect en (4) de
somatische reacties, waarna een afleidende stimulus wordt aangeboden.
Voorbeelden van dergelijke stimuli zijn ritmische, bilaterale tonen en linksrechts
alternerende handtaps. Maar de meest bekende en meeste gebruikte
methode – EMDR ontleent hieraan immers haar naam –is de patiënt te
vragen met de ogen de hand van de therapeut te volgen, terwijl deze een
aantal snelle bewegingen in het horizontale vlak maakt.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was introduced in the late
eighties by the American psychologist Shapiro (1989a) as
a new method for the treatment of PTSD and other trauma
related mental disorders. Distinctive aspect of
procedure is that the patient is asked the traumatic memory in
mind to recall and concentrate on (1) the most dismal
image, (2) the associated significance, (3) affect the current and (4) the
somatic responses, after which a distracting stimulus is presented.
Examples of such incentives are rhythmic, bilateral left and right show
alternating hand taps. But the most famous and most used
method - this is EMDR derives its name, the patient
questions through the eyes of the therapist to follow, while a
number of rapid movements in the horizontal plane makes
Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
358. ten Broeke, E., & de Jongh, A. (1999). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) bij complexe posttraumatische stress-stoornissen [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)in complex post traumatic stress disorder]. In P. G. H. Aarts and W. D. Visser (Eds.), Trauma: diagnostiek en behandeling (pp. 321-338). Houten/Diegem: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum.
Language: German
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) werd eind jaren
tachtig geďntroduceerd door de Amerikaanse psychologe Shapiro (1989a) als
een nieuwe methode voor de behandeling van PTSS en andere aan trauma
gerelateerde psychische aandoeningen. Kenmerkend onderdeel van de
procedure is dat de patiënt wordt gevraagd de traumatische herinnering in
gedachten op te roepen en zich te concentreren op (1) het meest akelige
beeld, (2) de daaraan verbonden betekenis, (3) het actuele affect en (4) de
somatische reacties, waarna een afleidende stimulus wordt aangeboden.
Voorbeelden van dergelijke stimuli zijn ritmische, bilaterale tonen en linksrechts
alternerende handtaps. Maar de meest bekende en meeste gebruikte
methode – EMDR ontleent hieraan immers haar naam –is de patiënt te
vragen met de ogen de hand van de therapeut te volgen, terwijl deze een
aantal snelle bewegingen in het horizontale vlak maakt.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was late
eighty introduced by the American psychologist Shapiro (1989a) as
a new method for the treatment of PTSD and other trauma
related mental disorders. Distinctive aspect of
procedure is that the patient is asked the traumatic memory in
mind to recall and concentrate on (1) the most dismal
image, (2) the associated significance, (3) affect the current and (4) the
somatic responses, after which a distracting stimulus is presented.
Examples of such incentives are rhythmic, bilateral left and right show
alternating hand taps. But the most famous and most used
method - this is EMDR derives its name, the patient
questions with the eyes by the therapist to follow, while a
number of rapid movements in the horizontal plane makes.
Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
359. Balk, J. L. (2001, Nov 1). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for post-traumatic stress disorder. Alternative Medicine Alert, 4, 121-124.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a fairly common disorder. Roughly 8-10% of the population will suffer from PTSD at some point in their lives. For victims of violent crimes such as rape, the rate of PTSD may be 60-80%. (1) According to the DSM-IV, diagnostic criteria for PTSD include: 1) perceived or actual threat to life or physical integrity, accompanied by an emotional response of horror, helplessness, or intense fear; 2) re-experience of the trauma (e.g. flashbacks and nightmares); 3) avoidance of trauma-related stimuli and numbing of interest and affect; and 4) increased unwanted arousal, such as concentration difficulties, irritability, and insomnia. Specific criteria exist regarding the numbers of symptoms in each category that must be present.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
360. Pollock, P. (2000, April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following homicide. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 11(1), 176-184. doi:10.1080/095851800362454.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Homicide perpetrators have been observed to report symptoms of PTSD directly related to involvement in the offense itself. A single-case study is presented, which describes the application of eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing for a male perpetrator of homicide. The nature of the difficulties these offenders experience is considered and the need for appropriate psychological intervention in such cases is discussed. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Case Report Clinical Case Study Empirical Study Homicide Males Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Perpetrator Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
361. Albright, D. L., Thyer, B., Becker, B. J., & Rubin, A. (2011, November). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in combat veterans. Oslow, Norway: The Campbell Collaboration. Retrieved from www.campbellcollaboration.org on 2/16/2012.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
EMDR was introduced as a treatment modality about twenty five years ago (Shapiro, 1989). EMDR has eight treatment phases. The first three stages include: 1) history taking; 2) preparation (introduction to the EMDR protocol, coping strategies and affect management techniques) and 3) assessment (bringing to mind an image of a traumatic incident, identifying beliefs and emotions associated with that incident, rating the degree of disturbance felt in recalling the traumatic incident, and rating the validity of preferred cognitions about oneself). During the next phase desensitization the core component of the intervention is implemented. It involves using a dual attention/bilateral stimulation procedure that aims to reprocess the disturbing emotions and cognitions associated with the traumatic incident. The client is instructed to keep in mind the image, beliefs and cognitions while simultaneously visually tracking the therapist’ s fingers as they are moved back and forth in front of the client in a prescribed manner. (Bilateral tactile taps or auditory tones are used instead of eye movements for clients who have difficulty visually tracking.) Bilateral stimulation is also used during the next two phases - installation and body scan - which aim to install a positive cognition to replace the negative cognition associated with the trauma and to reprocess any remaining bodily sensations. During the next phase closure the client is advised about what to do between sessions if experiencing distress. The final phase re-evaluation occurs at the start of the next session and involves identifying and reprocessing any residual material from the previous session or that arose between sessions. The length of treatment sessions varies, but typically lasts from 60 to 90 minutes. The number of treatment sessions also varies, ranging between 5 and 15 sessions. [Excerpt]
Keywords: Combat Veterans Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
362. Fannin, J. L. (1998, February). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of anxiety as it pertains to work-related issues. Walden University, Minneapolis, MN. AAT 9804439.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect Eye Movement Densitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has as a treatment protocol on work-related stressors. Today's faster pace, the growing perception of job insecurity, greater demands on the job, and inability to juggle family and work responsibilities has left millions of Americans to experience the debilitating effects of anxiety and stress. Many people lack the knowledge, resources, and strategies to effectively deal with such problems. The issue of stressors in work-related situations is costly and negatively impacts many individuals, organizations, and families. EMDR was found to be both effective and efficient in removing or substantially decreasing anxiety associated with work-related stressors and increase the association to positive cognitions. The data indicated both statistical and clinical improvement in all four areas of measure: subjective units of disturbance (SUD), verification of cognition (VOC), emotional state, and trait anxiety, after EMDR had been administered to members of the experimental group. This study found no statistical significance with these measures as they pertain to the control group. The three null hypotheses were rejected. Several different measures were employed to evaluate the statistical significance of the data produced by this study. Process measures of the verification of cognition (VOC) and subjective units of disturbance (SUD) scales were evaluated through paired sample t-tests. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the state and trait anxiety measures. Interactional analysis tested the hypotheses for interaction using repeated measures ANOVA with method and time. Pearson's product moment correlation tested for the association between two variables. Further study is recommended in both the conceptual and theoretical foundations of the EMDR protocol. Such research could lead to more effective and cost-efficient therapy for a wide range of problems affecting the individual, family, and the organization. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 58(8-B), Feb 1998, pp. 4512.
Keywords: Anxiety Empirical Study Eye Movement Desensitization Therapy Occupational Stress Stress Management Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial Workplace Stress
Accuracy Verified: Yes
363. Silver, S. M., Rogers, S., & Russell, M. C. (2008, August). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of war veterans. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(8), 947-957. doi:10.1002/jclp.20510.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Recent practice guidelines and meta-analyses have designated eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as a first-line treatment for trauma. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is an eight-phase therapeutic approach guided by an information-processing model that addresses the combat veteran's critical incidents, current triggers, and behaviors likely to prove useful in his or her future. Two case examples of combat veterans illustrate the ability of EMDR to achieve symptom reduction in a variety of clinical domains (e.g., anxiety, depression, anger, physical pain) simultaneously without requiring the patient to carry out homework assignments or discuss the details of the event. The treatment of phantom limb pain and other somatic presentations is also reviewed. The ability of EMDR to achieve positive effects without homework indicates that it can be effectively employed on consecutive days, making it especially useful during combat situations. [Wiley]
Keywords: Military Veterans Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Psychotherapy Trauma Treatment Effectiveness War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
364. Reyes, M. A. (1999, October). The eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) program: intervention for children with posttraumatic stress disorder. Carlos Albizu University, Miami, FL. AAT 9925128.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
This dissertation examines research pertaining to the diagnosis and characteristics of childhood Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), natural disasters, and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) theory and technique in children. In addition, the effectiveness of EMDR theory and technique related to childhood PTSD is reviewed. The purpose of this study is to develop a program within a school setting suitable for children diagnosed with PTSD as a result of having witnessed, confronted, or experienced a natural disaster. The program is referred to as the EMDR Program or the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Program. An attempt was made to be like no other programs related to children and natural disasters researched. The program's goal is to design a program that investigates the effectiveness of EMDR theory and technique related to children who have developed PTSD as a result of being exposed to a hurricane, tornado, flood, earthquake, or fire. The objectives of this program include creating a safe environment in order to help children reprocess their traumatic experiences within a short period of time utilizing EMDR with age appropriate alterations as suggested by Shapiro (1995) and Greenwald (1997). The philosophy of this program is based on an Accelerated Information Processing Model. The EMDR program established an admission criteria and a means of monitoring the progress of each child. An evaluation and budget were also proposed as a guide, were this design be implemented. Overall, it was believed that by utilizing EMDR with age appropriate alterations, the EMDR program would help children overcome their PTSD symptoms related to their traumatic experiences involving natural disasters within a short period of time. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 60(4-B), Oct 1999, pp. 1869.
Keywords: Children Natural Disasters Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
365. Adler-Tapia, R., Settle, C., & Shapiro, F. (2012). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) psychotherapy with children who have experienced sexual abuse and trauma . In P. Goodyear-Brown, (Ed.), Handbook of child sexual abuse: Identification, assessment, and treatment (pp. 229-250). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/9781118094822.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
This book is a comprehensive guide to the identification, assessment, and treatment of child sexual abuse. The field of child sexual abuse has experienced an explosion of research, literature, and enhanced treatment methods over the last thirty years. Representing the latest refinements of thought in this field, this volume combines the most current research with a wealth of clinical experience. The contributing authors, many of whom are pioneers in their respective specialties, include researchers and clinicians, forensic interviewers and law enforcement professionals, caseworkers and victim advocates, all of whom do the work of helping children who have been sexually victimized. Offering a snapshot of the state of the field as it stands today, the authors explore a variety of issues related to child sexual abuse, from identification, assessment, and treatment methods to models for implementation and prevention, including: The impact of sexual abuse on the developing brain; The potential implications of early sexual victimization; Navigating the complexities of multidisciplinary teams; Forensic interviewing and clinical assessment; Treatment options for children who have traumagenic symptoms as a response to their sexual victimization; Treating children with sexual behavior problems and adolescents who engage in illegal sexual behavior; Secondary trauma and vicarious traumatization; and Cultural considerations and prevention efforts. Edited by a leader in the field of child therapy, this important reference equips helping professionals on the front lines in the battle against child sexual abuse- not merely with state-of-the-art knowledge, but also with a renewed vision for the importance of their role in the shaping of our culture and the healing of victimized children.
Keywords: Children Sexual Abuse
Accuracy Verified: Yes
366. Luber, M. (2013). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Scripted Protocols: Anxiety, Depression, and Medical. New York, NY: Springer Publishing, ISBN 9780826157461.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
Keywords: Anxiety Depression Medically-Related Isues Scripted Protocols Summary Sheets
Accuracy Verified: Yes
367. Carlson, J. G., Chemtob, C. M., Rusnak, K., Hedlund, N.L., & Muraoka, M. Y. (1998, January). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11(1), 3-24. doi:10.1023/A:1024448814268.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Despite the clinical and social impact of PTSD, there are few controlled studies investigating its treatment. In this investigation, the effectiveness of two psychotherapeutic interventions for PTSD were compared using a randomized controlled outcome group design. 35 combat veterans diagnosed with combat-related PTSD were treated with either (a) 12 sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, EMDR (n = 10), (b) 12 sessions of biofeedback-assisted relaxation (n = 13), or (c) routine clinical care, serving as a control (n = 12). Compared with the other conditions, significant treatment effects in the EMDR condition were obtained at posttreatment on a number of self-report, psychometric, and standardized interview measures. Relative to the other treatment group, these effects were generally maintained at 3-month follow-up. Psychophysiological measures reflected an apparent habituation effect from pretreatment to posttreatment but were not differentially affected by treatment condition. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Adults Americans Arousal Biofeedback Training Males Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Relaxation Therapy Treatment Effectiveness Veterans War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
368. ten Broeke, E., & de Jongh, A. (1993, December). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) – Praktische toepassing en theoretische overwegingen [Eye movement resensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Practical applications and theoretical considerations]. Gedragstherapie, 26(4), 233-254.
Language: Dutch
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
Oogbeweging desensibilisatie and Reprocessing (EMDR) werd geďntroduceerd door Shapiro als een nieuwe, krachtige behandeling van post-traumatische stress en aanverwante aandoeningen. Een korte schets van de EMDR-techniek is gepresenteerd en geďllustreerd door twee korte single-case studies. De uitkomst onderzoek dat momenteel beschikbaar is samengevat, en vragen waarom en hoe EMDR werkt, worden aangepakt. Echter, presenteerde de uitleg op zijn best, voorlopig en niet overtuigend. [Samenvatting Auteur]
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessin (EMDR) was introduced by Shapiro as a new, powerful treatment for post-traumatic stress and related disorders. A brief outline of the EMDR technique is presented and illustrated by two short single-case studies. The outcome research currently available is summarized; and questions as to why and how EMDR works are addressed. However, the explanations presented are, at best, preliminary and inconclusive. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Case Reports Clinical Case Study Empirical Study Eye Movements Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
369. de Jongh, A., & ten Broeke, E. (1996, April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Een procedure voor de behandeling van aan trauma gerelateerde angst [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): A procedure for the treatment of trauma-related anxiety]. Tijdschrift voor Psychotherapie, 22(2), 53-64. doi:10.1007/BF03079287.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR ) is een relatief nieuwe procedure op het terrein van de psychotherapie. Ervaringen met EMDR geven aanleiding tot hoopvolle verwachtingen van de behandeling van diverse aan trauma gerelateerde angststoornissen, met name post–traumatische stress–stoornis (PTSS). Onderdeel van deze procedure is dat de therapeut bij de cliënt een aantal snelle en ritmische oogbewegingen uitlokt door te vragen zijn of haar vinger te volgen, terwijl de cliënt een beeld van de traumatische herinnering in gedachten houdt. In dit artikel worden de achtergronden en de principes van EMDR belicht en wordt de stapsgewijze procedure uitvoerig beschreven. Een gevalsbeschrijving van een cliënt met een paniekstoornis en een tandartsfobie laat zien dat EMDR kan leiden tot een langdurige vermindering van angstklachten. Tevens wordt ingegaan op de huidige stand van zaken van de wetenschappelijke ondersteuning van EMDR . Het toepassen van EMDR bij PTSSwordt door wetenschappelijk onderzoek gesteund, maar empirische ondersteuning voor de therapeutische effectiviteit van EMDR bij andere angststoornissen ontbreekt.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new procedure in the field of psychotherapy. Experiences with EMDR give rise to hopes of treating various anxiety disorders related to trauma, especially post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Part of this procedure is that the therapist and the client a number of rapid rhythmic eye movements provoked by asking his or her finger to follow, while the customer a picture of the traumatic memory in mind. This article describes the background and principles of EMDR and highlights the stepwise procedure in detail. A case report of a patient with a dental phobia and panic disorder showed that EMDR could lead to a prolonged reduction of anxiety. It also discusses the current state of the scientific support of EMDR. The use of EMDR in PTSSwordt supported by scientific research, but empirical support for the therapeutic efficacy of EMDR with other anxiety disorders is lacking.
Keywords: Clinical Case Study Dental Phobia Empirical Study Follow-up Study Panic Disorder Phobia Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
370. Gupta, D., Tank, P., & Mehrotra, S. (2011, January). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): A promising psychotherapeutic intervention. Presentation at the 63rd Annual National Conference of Indian Psychiatric Society, New Delhi, India.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
It doesn’t matter how long the memories have been stored and for how long they have been exerting a negative effect on the child. Children reprocess their traumas more quickly in EMDR than in other therapies and becomes desensitized to the painful memories and images. The EMDR procedures results in: 1) Decreasing the vividness of disturbing memory, images and related affect. 2) Facilitating access to more adaptive information. 3) Forging new associations within and between memory networks.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
371. Greenwald, R. (1998, April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): New hope for children suffering from trauma and loss. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 3(2), 279-287.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a recently developed method for working through traumatic memories and related psychological problems. Recent literature reviews find strong support for EMDR's value in trauma therapy. The first studies using EMDR wth children and adolescents yield similar findings. A case is presented to illustrate the procedure as used in clinical practice. EMDR appears to be a promising new resource for helping children and adolescents recover from truama and loss. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Case Report Clinical Case Study Empirical Study Females Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Preadolescents PTSD Rape Survivors Torture
Accuracy Verified: Yes
372. Bae, H., Kim, D., & Park, Y. C. (2008). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for adolescent depression. Psychiatry Investigation, 5(1), 60-65.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
While cognitive behavior therapy is considered to be the first-line therapy for adolescent depression, there are limited data on whether other psychotherapeutic techniques are also effective in treating adolescents with depression. This report suggests the potential application of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for treatment of depressive disorder related, not to trauma, but to stressful life events. At present, EMDR has only been empirically validated for only trauma-related disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder. Two teenagers with major depressive disorder (MDD) underwent three and seven sessions of EMDR aimed at memories of stressful life events. After treatment, their depressive symptoms decreased to the level of full remission, and the therapeutic gains were maintained after two and three months of follow up. The effectiveness of EMDR for depression is explained by the model of adaptive information processing. Given the powerful effects observed within a brief period of time, the authors suggest that further investigation of EMDR for depressive disorders is warranted.
Keywords: Adolescent Case Report Depression Major Depressive Disorder Psychotherapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
373. Boudewyns, P. A., Hyer, L. A., Peralme, L., Touze, J., & Kiel, A. (1994, August). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for combat-related PTSD: An early look. Presentation at the 102nd annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Combat Military Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
374. Servan-Schreiber, D., Schooler, J., Dew, M. A., Carter, C., & Bartone, P. (2006). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for posttraumatic stress disorder: A pilot blinded, randomized study of stimulation type. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 75(5), 290-297. doi:10.1159/000093950.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Backgroound: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is becoming a recognized and accepted form of psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet, its mechanism of action remains unclear and much controversy exists about whether eye movements or other forms of bilateral kinesthetic stimulation contribute to its clinical effects beyond the exposure elements of the procedure. Methods: Twenty-one patients with single-event PTSD (average Impact of Event Scale score: 49.5) received three consecutive sessions of EMDR with three different types of auditory and kinesthetic stimulation (tones and vibrations): intermittent alternating right-left (as commonly used with the standard EMDR protocol), intermittent simultaneous bilateral, and continuous bilateral. Therapists were blinded to the type of stimulation they delivered, and stimulation type assignment was randomized and counterbalanced. Results: All three stimulation types resulted in clinically significant reductions of subjective units of distress (SUD). Yet, alternating stimulation resulted in faster reductions of SUD when only sessions starting with a new target memory were considered. Conclusions: There are clinically significant effects of the EMDR procedure that appear to be independent of the nature of the kinesthetic stimulation used. However, alternating stimulation may confer an additional benefit to the EMDR procedure that deserves attention in future studies.
Keywords: Bilateral Kinesthetic Stimulation Type Distress Empirical Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PSTD Quantitative Study Stimulus Parameters Subjective Units of Distress SUD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
375. Reicherzer, S. (2011). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in counseling a male couple. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(3), 111-120. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.3.111.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This practice-based article discusses the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in counseling “Paul“ and “Eddie“ (aliases), a couple for 4 years who presented with what they identified as “communication problems.“ Through the use of psychosocial assessments of the men's personal histories, it was determined that Paul's experience of feeling controlled and Eddie's struggles to believe that he mattered in the relationship were linked to traumatic memories in each man's childhood that related to his sexual identity development. EMDR was used to target the men's traumatic memories, alternating between Paul and Eddie. Following each EMDR treatment series, the work was integrated by talking through how the reprocessed material integrated into the overall couple experience, leading to both men's increased satisfaction in the relationship.
Keywords: Couple Counseling Gay Sexual Abuse
Accuracy Verified: Yes
376. Derksen, M. T., & Baeten, B. M. (2009). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in de ziekenhuispsychiatrie: Een stap voorwaarts [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in hospital psychiatry: A step forward]. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 51(3).
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) is een intensieve vorm van psychotherapie voor mensen die last houden van de gevolgen van een schokkende ervaring. Een deel van de getroffenen 'verwerkt' deze ervaringen op eigen kracht. Anderen ontwikkelen psychische klachten. Juist deze klachten in het hier en nu als gevolg van een schokkende gebeurtenis in het verleden maken de gebeurtenis tot een traumatische gebeurtenis. In 1993 werd emdr in Nederland geďntroduceerd. Na een bloeiende ontwikkeling onder therapeuten die werken met getraumatiseerde patiënten en tegelijkertijd veel wetenschappelijke scepsis, is emdr tegenwoordig vastgesteld als behandeling van eerste keus voor posttraumatische stressstoornis (ptss). In de afgelopen jaren werd de procedure verfijnd en evolueerde zij tot een volwaardige therapeutische behandelmethode met protocollen voor verschillende vormen van traumagerelateerde psychopathologie zoals ptss, fobieën, rouw, pijnstoornis, paniekstoornis, somatoforme stoornis en verslaving. Het is een snelle, effectieve therapievorm die zelfstandig of aanvullend binnen de behandeling kan worden gebruikt.
Vorm: Tijdens deze workshop wordt de emdr-procedure in hoofdlijnen uiteengezet. De bijzondere kenmerken en effecten van emdr worden besproken en geďllustreerd met videobeelden van behandelingen van patiënten met traumatische ervaringen in de levensgeschiedenis. Het toepassingsgebied wordt besproken zodat adequaat verwezen kan worden. Er is tijd voor vragen en een interactieve discussie.
Leerdoel: (1) Kennis van de emdr-procedure; (2) kennis van de plaats van emdr binnen de psychotherapie; (3) inzicht in de indicatiestelling van emdr; (4) inzicht in het nut voor psychiaters zich de emdr-methode eigen te maken als welkome aanvulling op bestaande psychotherapieën.
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is an intensive form of psychotherapy for people to suffer from the effects of a shocking experience. Some of the victims 'process' these experiences on their own. Others develop psychological problems. Precisely these problems in the here and now because of a shocking event in the past to make the event a traumatic event. In 1993, EMDR was introduced in the Netherlands. After a thriving development among therapists working with traumatized patients, while many scientific skepticism, EMDR is now established as the treatment of choice for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In recent years, the procedure was refined and evolved it into a valuable therapeutic approach with protocols for various forms of trauma related psychopathology such as PTSD, phobias, grief, pain disorder, panic disorder, somatoform disorder and addiction. It is a fast, effective form of therapy on their own or within the additional treatment may be used.
This workshop will form the EMDR procedure guidelines put out. The particular characteristics and effects of EMDR are discussed and illustrated with video images of treatment for patients with traumatic experiences in the life. The scope is to be discussed so that appropriate reference. There is a time for questions and interactive discussion.
learning goal (1) Knowledge of the EMDR procedure, (2) knowledge of the location of EMDR in psychotherapy, (3) understand the indications for EMDR, (4) perceptions of the usefulness of psychiatrists to the EMDR method to own make a welcome addition to existing psychotherapies.
Keywords: Hospital Psychiatry
Accuracy Verified: Yes
377. Barker, S. B., & Hawes, E. C. (1999, Summer). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in individual psychology. Journal of Individual Psychology: The Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research, and Practice, 55(2), 146-161.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new treatment modality originally developed for treating individuals with PTSD. This article summarizes the growing research base supporting the effectiveness of EMDR, including addressing psychobiological findings related to the treatment of PTSD using EMDR. The 8-stage EMDR treatment approach is presented, followed by a discussion of the compatibility of EMDR and Individual Psychology. Case examples are presented to demonstrate the incorporation of EMDR into Adlerian-based psychotherapy. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adlerian Psychotherapy PTSD Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
378. Cerone, M. R. (2000). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the psychological treatment of combat-related guilt: A study of the effects of eye movements. Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. AAT 9990301.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of eye movements in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and to test the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of guilt associated with combat trauma. EMDR was compared to a non-eye movement (NEM) analog, which entailed the full EMDR procedure minus the eye movements. A single-case multiple component cross-over design across 7 participants was utilized.Participants were combat veterans who were receiving inpatient treatment for PTSD at the Coatesville Veterans Administration Medical Center. 4 participants were introduced first to the EMDR condition and 3 participants were introduced first to the NEM analog condition. Each participant was exposed to both conditions. Dependent measures included: (1) pre- and post-treatment scores on the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV - One Week Symptom Status Version (CAPS-SX), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Impact of Event Scale (IES), and Trauma Related Guilt Inventory (TRGI), (2) self-monitoring data on the frequency and intensity of intrusive thoughts, disturbing dreams, and guilt, and (3) measures of participants' subjective level of distress within sessions and pre- and post-treatment using the Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS). As measured by SUDS ratings, EMDR resulted in a greater decrease in dyphoric affect within-session than the NEM analog. EMDR also resulted in a significant decrease in mean SUDS ratings from pre- to post-treatment. EMDR resulted in significant decreases in combat-related PTSD symptomatology, as measured by pre- and post-treatment scores on the CAPS-SX, BDI, and IES. EMDR also resulted in significant decreases in mean pre- and post-treatment frequency of self-reported intrusive thoughts and mean pre- and post-treatment intensity of intrusive thoughts, disturbing dreams, and guilt. Additionally, EMDR resulted in a significant decrease in pre- and post-treatment scores on one scale and two subscales of the TRGI. No differences in the mean frequency and intensity of self- reported intrusive thoughts, disturbing dreams, and guilt were detected between EMDR and the NEM analog. Results of the present study support the role of eye movements in attaining treatment gains with EMDR. Additionally, this study supports the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of combat-related guilt. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 61(10-B), Apr 2001, pp. 5555.
Keywords: Adults Americans Empirical Study Guilt Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness War Veterans
Accuracy Verified: Yes
379. Shepherd. J., & Stein, K. (1998). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder. Development and Evaluation Committee (Report No. 91). Bristol, UK: South and West Regional Health Authority [Southampton]: Wessex Institute for Health Research and Development.
Language: English
Format: Publication
Abstract:
Objective/Purpose: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new form of psychotherapy designed to alleviate symptoms of anxiety, depression, avoidance of trauma related thoughts and intrusive memories associated with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Under therapist instruction, the patient makes rhythmic eye movements while imagining the traumatic event, designed to facilitate cognitive reprocessing to alleviate stress. Methods: Electronic searching of Medline, PsyClit, Health Star, CCTR, The National Research Register and a range of other databases was conducted. Once trials had been identified, data were extracted and methodological quality assessed. Cost-utility was estimated indirectly through consultation with expert clinicians. Costs per Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) gained were also calculated. Results: 12 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were identified, comparing EMDR to alternative psychotherapy treatments; variants of EMDR; and to delayed treatment groups in various combinations. The trials are generally small, with partial blinding of outcome assessors, and in some cases with high attrition. Results suggest the EMDR may be effective at reducing symptoms up to 3 months after treatment in comparison to delayed treatment groups. Two studies suggest that EMDR is as effective as other psychotherapy treatments for PTSD, and 3 claim greater effectiveness. Cost per QALY ranged from Pounds 983 to Pounds 20,568. CONCLUSIONS: Further trials are needed with larger samples, and longer post-intervention measurement to assess maximum length of treatment effect, as well as to ascertain the effectiveness of different treatment components.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
380. Maxfield, L. (2002). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. In C. R. Figley, (Ed.), Brief treatments for the traumatized: A project of the Green Cross Foundation (pp. 148-169). Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Since Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was introduced 12 years ago it has become the most researched treatment for PTSD and its efficacy has been widely recognized. EMDR is a comprehensive treatment protocol in which the client attends to emotionally disturbing material in short sequential doses while simultaneously focusing on an external stimulus (therapist-directed eye movements, hand-tapping, auditory tones). This chapter provides an overview of the development of EMDR and Shapiro's Adaptive Information Processing model, which hypothesizes that EMDR works by forging new links between elements of traumatic memories and adaptive information contained in other memory networks. The empirical evidence is examined, with summaries of 12 controlled studies: civilian participants demonstrated a 70 to 90% decrease in PTSD diagnosis after 3 to 4 EMDR sessions, and combat veterans a 78% decrease in PTSD diagnosis after 12 sessions. A concise explanation of the 8 phases of EMDR treatment process is augmented with multiple client vignettes. Finally, a case illustration provides a detailed description of the application of EMDR in the treatment of PTSD (Pilots). [Text, p. 148]
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
381. Coleman, G. L. (1999, October). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: An investigational study of the eye movement component using a within-subject design. Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL. AAT 9926476.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a recently developed psychotherapy treatment procedure which combines imaginal exposure with eye movements and is reported to dramatically reduce negative symptoms associated with trauma related psychological disturbances and memories. The author reviewed and analyzed the current literature regarding EMDR, and conducted a within-subject design investigating the importance of the eye movement component in the EMDR treatment protocol by comparing the efficacy of an eye movement treatment condition, with two non-eye movement treatment conditions. The use of two different control conditions allowed comparisons of the eye movement condition (EMDR), which involved bilateral stimulation of the brain, with exposure to memory of the trauma without eye movements (Eye-Focus Desensitization), which served as a placebo, and exposure to memory of the trauma with a competing motor activity (Single Hand Tapping), which represented unilateral stimulation of the brain. This study also employed a delayed treatment condition to investigate the overall effectiveness of EMDR in treating PTSD. The subject was a 53-year-old Caucasian female who met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. Dependent variables included a diagnostic instrument, which was the Structured Interview for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (SI-PTSD); global instruments, which included the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Impact of Events Scale (IES), and Subjective Units of Distress scale (SUDs); process measures, which included the Subjective Units of Distress scale (SUDs) and Validity of Cognition (VOC) scale; and a self-report measure of overall improvement, which was the Image Desensitization Rating Scale (IDRS).Results demonstrated support for the superiority of an eye movement condition over that of both a no-eye movement condition (EFD), and a competing motor activity of single hand tapping (SHT) on process variables (SUDs and VOC), but not on weekly global measures (IES, BAI, and SUDs) in the single subject studied. Also, this study found support for the effectiveness of EMDR (delayed treatment phase) in reducing symptoms of anxiety, intrusiveness and avoidance, and subjective distress related to memory of trauma as measured by BAI, IES, and SUDs, and also in alleviating DSM-IV symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder for this subject. Experimental single-subject studies, as well as group designs, need to investigate possible neurological and theoretical explanations for the effectiveness of EMDR in future research. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 60(4-B), Oct 1999, pp. 1846.
Keywords: Avoidance Case Report Empirical Study Females Intrusive Thoughts Middle Aged PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
382. Gosselin, P., & Matthews, W. (1995, December). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of test anxiety: A study of the effects of expectancy and eye movement. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 26(4), 331-337. doi;10.1016/0005-7916(95)00038-0.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a recently invented technique acclaimed as a major breakthrough for a range of anxiety-related symptoms. To determine the importance of the eye movement and expectancy variables, we conducted a one-hour session with 41 undergraduate subjects (11 males and 30 females) with test anxiety. A 2 (eye movement vs no eye movement) x 2 (high expectancy vs low expectancy) analysis of variance was performed on 3 dependent measures: (1) Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale (SUDs); (2) Validity of Cognition Scale (VOC); and (3) the Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI). The data indicate that all subjects, regardless of treatment condition, showed a significant decrease in anxiety on the TAI. Subjects in the eye-movement condition reported feeling less anxious (SUDs) than those in the no-eye-movement condition. We found no significant main effect or interactions for any of the dependent measures for expectancy. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Adults Americans College Students Experimental Stressors Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
383. Shapiro, F., Levin, C., Dunton, R., & Goldstein, A. (1992, July). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing procedure: A rapid treatement for anxiety and related trauma. Presentation at the Fourth World Congress on Behaviour Therapy, Queesland, Australia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) procedure has been used on thousands of victims (ages 3-74) f traumatic memories, including, combat, rape/molestation, and sexual cult abuse.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
384. Carlson, J., Chemtob, C., Rusnak, K., & Hedlund, N. (1996, Spring). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment for combat PTSD. Psychotherapy, 33(1), 104-113. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.33.1.104.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
4 Vietnam veterans diagnosed with PTSD were treated with 12 sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), targeting their combat memories. An extensive multimodal assessment battery showed very substantial clinical improvement for 3 of the veterans along a number of psychological dimensions that characterize the disorder, but not along several physiological parameters. A fourth veteran showed only very modest changes. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of several issues, including numbers of treatment sessions and differential effects of treatment on cognitive-behavioral and physiological symptoms. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: African Americans Case Report European Americans Male Middle Aged Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychophysiology PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Veterans Vietnam War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
385. Waters, L. (1997, Spring). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment for combat PTSD: Commentary. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 34(1), 99. doi:10.1037/h0087777 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Comments on the article by J. G. Carlson et al (see record 84-01737) regarding the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment (EMDR) to treat posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Vietnam veterans. The author suggests that EMDR seems simplistic and lacks face validity altogether. L. Waters proposes that EMDR works because of resolute perception, a process defined by F. J. Hanna and K. Puhakka (1991) as a deliberate sustained focus of attention on an identified problem with the goal of achieving clarity, at a point when the client is ready and willing to confront and perceive. Waters suggest that a way to test whether or not EMDR works because of resolute perception would be to assign a similar group of clients to a totally different task (e.g., drawing straight lines) while giving them the same instructions as are given in EMDR regarding their memories, thoughts, and desirable cognitions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Commentary Combat Experience Comment Military Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Reply Veterans Vietnam War Veterans
Accuracy Verified: Yes
386. Feske, U., & Goldstein, A. (1997, December). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment for panic disorder: A controlled outcome and partial dismantling study. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 65(6), 1026-1035. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.65.6.1026 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
43 outpatients with DSM-III-R panic disorder were randomly assigned to receive 6 sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), the same treatment but omitting the eye movement, or to a waiting list. Posttest comparisons showed EMDR to be more effective in alleviating panic and panic-related symptoms than the waiting-list procedure. Compared with the same treatment without the eye movement, EMDR led to greater improvement on 2 of 5 primary outcome measures at posttest. However, EMDR's advantages had dissipated 3 months after treatment, thereby failing to firmly support the usefulness of the eye movement component in EMDR treatment for panic disorder. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Empirical Study Manual-Based Treatments Panic Disorder Random Clinical Trial RCT Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
387. Feske, U. (1998, Summer). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Clinical Psychology, 5(2), 171-181. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1998.tb00142.x.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A qualitative review of experimental and quasiexperimental outcome studies of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for persons with PTSD suggests that the treatment is effective for civilian but not combat PTSD. The current data indicate that additional research into EMDR's efficacy for PTSD is warranted. Further studies should include comparisons to placebo control procedures and existing validated treatments for PTSD, an adequate treatment dose, systematic efforts to establish and assess treatment integrity and quality, and long-term follow-up data. The therapeutic mechanisms underlying EMDR's observed benefits remain elusive. Whether the eye movement or some other type of stimulation is essential to EMDR's effects cannot be determined from the current data. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Popular Work Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
388. Foley, T. (1996). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment of communication anxiety: A closer look. Western Michigan University. AAT 9640073.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to replicate the results of previous research with respect to EMD/R (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) and of this researcher's investigation of EMD/R treatment of public-speaking anxiety (Foley & Spates, 1995). The present study, however, included components to permit more extensive analysis of the elements of treatment that contribute to therapeutic effectiveness. The study investigated the contribution of assessment speeches to treatment effectiveness by using a two factor design in which one factor featured a condition of pre-treatment/post-treatment speeches vs. a condition of post-treatment speeches only. The other factor featured two treatment conditions, permitting consideration of the contribution of the imaginal exposure component of EMD/R to treatment effectiveness. One treatment condition received EMD/R while the other condition received an alternative treatment that differed from EMD/R only in that there were no instructions to visualize the traumatic event during the eye movement component. Subjects were 32 college students who suffered from communication anxiety and had experienced a specific traumatic event related to a communication situation. The research was carried out in a two factor repeated measures design consisting of four treatment groups: EMD/R-speech condition, EMD/R-no speech condition, Alternative treatment-speech condition, Alternative treatment-no speech condition. Results showed a significant decrease from pre to post-treatment for all groups on several measures. There were no significant differences between groups; however, the results on one measure (CAI) suggests that if power were increased, the groups would differ significantly with respect to the pre-treatment behavioral assessment factor. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 57(7-B), Jan 1997, pp. 4705.
Keywords: Assessment Speeches College Students With Communication Anxiety Effectiveness Evaluation Empirical Study Oral Communication Speech Anxiety Treatment Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
389. Puffer, M. K. (1995, May). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with children and adolescents experiencing traumatic memories. Walden University, Minneapolis, MN. AAT 9608112.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
This research project evaluated the effectiveness of using Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) techniques on children and adolescents (N = 20) between the ages of 7 to 18, who were experiencing anxiety due to traumatic memories. EMDR therapeutic techniques were administered in one 90-minute therapy session to subjects in an experimental group (N = 10) and after a 30-day waiting period, EMDR was administered to subjects in a delayed treatment group (N = 10) to help substantiate the effectiveness of using EMDR with this population. The results of the study indicated a highly significant reduction in anxiety related to traumatic memories in both an experimental group and a delayed treatment group, as measured by the Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS), the Impact of Events (IES) scale, and in the delayed treatment group using the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (CMAS) after treatment. There was a lack of significance in the reduction of anxiety in the experimental group, as measured by the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (CMAS). The results showed a significant difference in cognition, changing from negative to positive thinking, as measured by the Validity of Cognition (VoC) scale. The findings demonstrate that EMDR may help to measure, treat, and enhance the lives of children and adolescents experiencing anxiety from traumatic memories. It is recommended that future research focus on using standardized psychological tests to support the efficacy of using EMDR with children and adolescents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 56(11-B), May 1996, pp. 6421.
Keywords: Adolescents Children Empirical Study Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
390. Krafona, K. (2010). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with individuals with autistic spectrum disorders: Two case reports. The Ghana International Journal of Mental Health, 2(1).
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) as well as those with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) tend to have mental health problems as well. Many individuals with intellectual disability and ASD do not receive mainstream psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy appears to be making good success among this client group. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is relatively new among the psychological therapies but it has made a great impact in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) and anxiety-related problems. In this paper, the use of EMDR with two individuals who had ASD as well as ID is reported and implications for further research delineated.
Keywords: Autistic Spectrum Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
391. Greenwald, R. (2006). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with traumatized youth. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 246-264). New York: Guilford Press. xx, 316 pp.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
This chapter provides an overview of how eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) may be used to treat trauma/loss memories and related symptoms in children and adolescents. The literature on EMDR indicates not only that it works well, but that it may be more efficient than other methods. The reasons for its effect are unclear. Several cases are presented. It is important that clinicians receive formal training to use EMDR, and that it is integrated into a comprehensive trauma-informed treatment approach. [Text, p. 246]
Keywords: Bereavement Child Abuse Children Community Violence Effects Psychotherapeutic Processes Rape Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
392. Rafferty, P. (2005). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: An analysis of a controversial evidence based treatment. The New School for Social Research, New York, NY. The New School Psychology Bulletin, 3(2), 83-105.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an
inventive, popular and highly controversial treatment. Within the
scientific and professional community, there is divergent support
for each side of this debate. The heart of this controversy critically
examines the question of whether EMDR is as efficacious
as other well-established interventions for the treatment of PTSD.
The efficacy of EMDR could be due to its employment of a variety
of clinically sound therapeutic procedures, such as those similar
or the same as Prolonged Exposure Therapy, and not because
of its centerpiece eye-movements. Indeed, some researchers
have argued that the eye-movements are completely unnecessary and that EMDR is best understood as an exposure technique
(Renfrey & Spates, 1994; Davidson & Parker, 2001; Lohr,
Lilienfeld, Tolin & Herbert, 1999). EMDR may be an effective
treatment for non-combat related PTSD but is not effective for
PTSD etiologically related to combat induced trauma. Thus there
are three questions that serve as the focus of this evaluation: is
EMDR qualitatively different than Prolonged Exposure Therapy;
are the eye-movements necessary for treatment efficacy; and is
EMDR effective for combat-related PTSD?
Keywords: Efficacy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
393. Shapiro, F. (1995). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols, and procedures, 1st Ed. New York: Guilford Press.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
This book reviews research and development; discusses theoretical constructs and possible underlying mechanisms; and presents protocols and procedures for treatment of adults and children with a range of complaints. Among the many clinical populations for whom the material is this volume is applicable are victims of sexual abuse, violence, combat, grief, and phobias.To assist the learning process, detailed descriptions and transcripts guide the clinician through every stage of therapeutic treatment, ranging from the safety issues necessary for appropriate client selection through the administration of EMDR and its integration within a comprehensive treatment plan. Only licensed mental health professionals, or those under direct supervision of licensed clinicians, should use the procedures and protocols in this book. The book has been written with four kinds of readers in mind: academicians, researchers, clinicians, and clinical graduate students. [Adapted from Text]
Keywords: Abuse Adults Assessment Child Abuse Children DID Dissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Symptoms Incest Methodology Neurophysiology Patient Selection Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Spouse Survivors Veterans
Accuracy Verified: Yes
394. Shapiro, F. (2001). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols, and procedures, 2nd Ed. New York: Guilford Press.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
This book reviews research and development; discusses theoretical constructs and possible underlying mechanisms; and presents protocols and procedures for treatment of adults and children with a range of complaints. Among the many clinical populations for whom the material is this volume is applicable are victims of sexual abuse, violence, combat, grief, and phobias. To assist the learning process, detailed descriptions and transcripts guide the clinician through every stage of therapeutic treatment, ranging from the safety issues necessary for appropriate client selection through the administration of EMDR and its integration within a comprehensive treatment plan. Only licensed mental health professionals, or those under direct supervision of licensed clinicians, should use the procedures and protocols in this book. The book has been written with four kinds of readers in mind: academicians, researchers, clinicians, and clinical graduate students. [Adapted from Text of 1st Edition]
Keywords: Adults Assessment Child Abuse Children Dissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Symptoms Incest Methodology Neurophysiology Patient Selection Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Spouse Abuse Survivors Veterans
Accuracy Verified: Yes
395. Maxfield, L. (1999). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: An empirical review of the effectiveness of EMDR as a treatment for PTSD. Traumatology, 5(4), 1-17. doi:10.1177/153476569900500401 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The level of evidence for EMDR is based upon 12 controlled studies that investigated the efficacy of EMDR treatment of participants with PTSD. The 7 civilian studies, with 1 exception, all found EMDR to be efficacious in the treatment of PTSD: EMDR was equivalent to cognitive behavioral therapy, and superior to other control conditions. 4 of the 5 studies with combat veterans addressed only one or two memories in this multiply traumatized population, and their findings were equivocal. The 1 combat veteran study which administered a longer course of treatment provides preliminary evidence that EMDR may be efficacious with that population. EMDR is a rapid treatment and appears to be well tolerated by clients, with effects being maintained at follow-up. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
396. Shapiro, F. (1994). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A new treatment for anxiety and related trauma. In L. A. Hyer (Ed.), Trauma victim: Theoretical issues and practical suggestions (pp. 501-521). Muncie, IN: Accelerated Development Press.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) modality defines the successful treatment of PTSD as a clinician assisted "self-healing" process by which the individual reprocesses the dysfunctional information stored in the nervous system as a result of the traumatic event. Discussion includes EMDR evidence, theory, curative process, benefits, procedure, and also a case study of an 18-year-old incest survivor. [Adapted from Text, p. 502] [Pilots]
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
397. Maxfield, L. (1999). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A review of the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of PTSD. Traumatology, 5(4), 1-17. doi:10.1177/153476569900500401.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The level of evidence for EMDR is based upon twelve controlled studies that investigated the efficacy of EMDR treatment of participants with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The seven civilian studies, with one exception, all found EMDR to be efficacious in the treatment of PTSD: EMDR was equivalent to cognitive behavioral therapy, and superior to other control conditions. Four of the five studies with combat veterans addressed only one or two memories in this multiply traumatized population, and their findings were equivocal. The one combat veteran study which administered a longer course of treatment provides preliminary evidence that EMDR may be efficacious with that population. EMDR is a rapid treatment and appears to be well tolerated by clients, with effects being maintained at follow-up.
Keywords: Review
Accuracy Verified: Yes
398. Welch, K. L. (1996, September). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Treatment of sexual trauma post-traumatic stress disorder and a treatment efficacy hypothesis. Central Michigan University. AAT 9623929.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The purpose of this investigation was to study the treatment effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on a civilian population of individuals diagnosed with PTSD from sexual trauma. A series of single case designs was utilized with 6 subjects to examine EMDR treatment efficacy. The results suggested that EMDR was effective in reducing distress and related PTSD symptomatology in 1 or 2 sessions of treatment. These treatment gains were maintained at 1 year follow-up. It is suggested that affective arousal may have a critical role in maintaining a number of disorders including PTSD and that EMDR appears to be able to activate as well as desensitize affective mood states so that more adaptive cognitive processing can take place. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 57(3-B), Sep 1996, pp. 2170.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Empirical Study Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
399. Marquis, P. A. (1994). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Are the eye movements an effective component?. Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Carpinteria, CA. AAT 9528198.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
This study explored the effects of eye movements, as compared with eye stabilization and an attention control in reducing anxiety related to public speaking in a non-clinical sample. Nineteen subjects with public speaking anxiety identified their worst memory of speaking in public and either moved their eyes in cadence with the experimenter's fingers, fixated their eyes on the experimenter's fingers, or simply talked about negative experiences related to public speaking. Reduction in anxiety was measured by the Subjective Units of Disturbance scale (Wolpe, 1982) or the Personal Report of Confidence as a Speaker (Paul, 1966). Cognitive change was measured by the Validity of Cognition scale (Shapiro, 1989). Global symptoms were measured by the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R, Derogatis, 1983). Analysis of the data indicated that there was no significant difference between groups on any of the measures. This study did not explore the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), but rather the effects of eye movements alone. According to the results of the this study, eye movements are not sufficient to create the kind of changes seen in the EMDR literature. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 56(4-B), Oct 1995, pp. 2335.
Keywords: Behavioral Psychology Clinical Psychology Empirical Study Psychophysiology Public Speaking Speech Anxiety
Accuracy Verified: Yes
400. de Jongh, A. (1993, November). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Een nieuwe techniek voor de behandeling van aan trauma gerelateerde angst [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A new technique for the treatment of trauma-related fear]. Presentatie bij de zondeval Conferentie Vereniging van Gedragswetenschappen, Veldhoven, Nederland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Fear Trauma Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
401. Foster, S., & Lendl, J. (1995, September). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Initial application for enhancing performance in athletes. Presentation at the annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology, New Orleans, LA..
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) procedure, developed
by Francine Shapiro, PhD, was introduced as a new rapid treatment for anxiety and
related traumata. In a controlled study (Shapiro, 1989), rape victims and Vietnam
veterans experienced a significant decrease in distressing symptoms--flashbacks,
ruminating, sleep disturbance, and uncomfortable physiological arousal. Additional
outcomes were the subjects cognitive restructuring of what had happened to them.
Subsequent research studies reported therapeutic outcomes with a variety of disorders-
phobias (Kleinknecht, 1993), panic disorder (Goldstein, 1992), dissociative disorder
(Paulsen et el, 1993) and PTSD (Wilson et al, In press). The first author was the first
EMDR-trained clinician to apply EMDR in performance enhancement work,
beginning with sales professionals. The authors have now used EMDR with nearly
sixty Individual athletes ranking from amateur to Olympic hopeful, across several
different sports. Their single case findings suggest that EMDR amplifies and
accelerates the benefits of standard mental training. Their data indicates EMDR
speeds psychological recovery from sport injury and coming back from a loss, adds
in working through difficulties with past coaches, reduces fears about competition,
and improves overall athletic performance.
Keywords: Athletes Performance Enhancement
Accuracy Verified: Yes
402. Severe, N. D. (1998, July). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Treatment application to post-traumatic stress disorder in a latency-aged multi-traumatized child. California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego, CA. AAT 9820480.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
This document presents an individual case study focusing on the qualitative application of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment to PTSD in a latency-aged multi-traumatized child. Theoretical, empirical and clinical descriptions of PTSD and EMDR are presented in order to understand childhood psychological trauma and its treatment. Further, an explanation of childhood psychic trauma is presented to distinguish between single event trauma (Type I Trauma) and multiple exposure to psychologically overwhelming events (Type II Trauma) as defined by Lenore Terr. Child abuse and specifically sexual abuse is described as an example of a Type II trauma that is closely related to the development of post-traumatic symptoms and reactions. EMDR is selected as the main cognitive behavioral treatment to help reduce PTSD symptoms in an 11-year-old male who has witnessed and experienced numerous interpersonal stressor related traumatic events.A clinical review of the child's EMDR focused treatment is summarized in a total of twenty-five sessions that follow Shapiro's EMDR 8-Step Treatment Model. Qualitative changes to the standard adult EMDR protocol made by the treating therapist are presented to illustrate how EMDR can be modified and adapted to work with latency age children. The results of the study suggest that EMDR may be a useful adjunct to an overall treatment plan aimed at ameliorating the traumatic symptoms and developmental difficulties associated with PTSD in children. The author emphasizes the need for the clinician using EMDR with children and adults to constantly target and assess the impact of present stressors and their role in the maintenance of PTSD symptomatology. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 59(1-B), Jul 1998, pp. 0438.
Keywords: Case Report Empirical Study Male Multiple Traumatic Events Nonclinical Case Study Posttrauamtic Stress Disorder Preadolescents PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
403. Boudewyns, P. A., Stwertka, S. A., Hyer, L. A., Albrecht, J. W., & Sperr, E. V. (1993, February). Eye movement desensitization for PTSD of combat: A treatment outcome pilot study. the Behavior Therapist, 16(2), 29-33.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the short-term effectiveness of eye movement desensitization (EMD) in reducing negative affect associated with traumatic memory in PTSD patients. In addition to evaluating the general efficacy of the EMD technique, we were also interested in controlling for the possible contribution of an exposure effect in accounting for any positive outcome. Shapiro finds that the technique can be effective in only one session. The present study uses two sessions of EMD offered to veterans diagnosed with combat-related PTSD. [Adapted from Text, p. 30]
Keywords: Americans Combat Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychobiology Psychophysiology PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Veterans Vietnam War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
404. Lohr, J., Tolin, D., & Kleinknecht, R. (1995, June). Eye movement desensitization of medical phobias: Two case studies. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 26(2), 141-151. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(95)00011-N.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
We treated two medical phobic subjects with eye movement desensitization (EMD). Using detailed images of fear-related events, the treatment design conformed to an additive, within-series phase change to examine enduring effects. Results indicated that both subjects' verbal reports of fear decreased substantially using the EMD procedure. There were no consistent changes in heart rate. Similarly, self-reported fear toward a simulated blood draw decreased, but heart rate and blood pressure did not. Data for a number of standardized measures of medical fear indicated posttreatment reduction for both subjects. Anecdotal reports of medical procedures revealed limited generalization of treatment effects.
Keywords: Medical Phobias
Accuracy Verified: Yes
405. Foley, T., & Spates, C. (1995, December). Eye movement desensitization of public-speaking anxiety: A partial dismantling study. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 26(4), 321-329. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(95)00048-8.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
40 college students suffering from public speaking anxiety and having experienced a specific traumatic speech-related event were exposed to either a standard EMD protocol with eye movements; a moving audio stimulus in place of the eye movements; a protocol with eyes resting on the hands in place of the eye movement, or a no-treatment control condition. The results revealed that EMD is comparable in limited effectiveness to the other procedures and that the eye movements are not a crucial component of the treatment with this population. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Anxiety Disorders College Students Life Experiences Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
406. Shapiro, F. (1990, July). Eye movement desensitization procedure: A new treatment for anxiety. The California Psychologist, 18-19.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
The Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD) procedure is a recently developed rapid treatment for anxiety and traumatic memories. Although, according to the DSM-III, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops from a "psychologically traumatic event that is generally outside thr ange orusual human experience," many people are affected. Symptoms include nightmares, flashbacks and intrusive thoughts based on inidents of combat, rape, incest, accidents and natural disasters such as the 1989 Lom Prieta earthquake. Clinical experience has demonstrated that one to four sessions iwth EMD are sufficient to produce cessation of trauma-related anxiety and pronounced symtomatology suffered by victims of such events.
Keywords: Anxiety Commentary Hypnotherapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
407. Foster, S. (1995, September). Eye movement desensitization reprocessing: Initial application for enhancing performance in athletes. In (Doug Asher, Presider) Non-traditional Interventions for Performance Enhancement. Colloquium presented at the 10th Annual Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology, New Orleans, LA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) procedure, developed by Francine Shapiro, PhD, was introduced as a new rapid treatment for anxiety and
related traumata. In a controlled study (Shapiro, 1989), rape victims and Vietnam
veterans experienced a significant decrease in distressing symptoms--flashbacks,
ruminating, sleep disturbance, and uncomfortable physiological arousal. Additional
outcomes were the subjects cognitive restructuring of what had happened to them.
Subsequent research studies reported therapeutic outcomes with a variety ofdisorders-
phobias (Kleinknecht, 1993), panic disorder (Goldstein, 1992), dissociative disorder
(Paulsen et el, 1993) and PTSD (Wilson et al, In press). The first author was the first
EMDR-trained clinician to apply EMDR in performance enhancement work,
beginning with sales professionals. The authors have now used EMDR with nearly
sixty Individual athletes ranking from amateur to Olympic hopeful, across several
different sports. Their single case findings suggest that EMDR amplifies and
accelerates the benefits of standard mental training. Their data indicates EMDR
speeds psychological recovery from sport injury and coming back from a loss, adds
in working through difficulties with past coaches, reduces fears about competition,
and improves overall athletic performance.
Keywords: Athletes Colloquium Performance Enhancement
Accuracy Verified: Yes
408. Miller, J. R. (1994, September-October). Eye movement desensitization reprocessing: Application on the battlefield. Army Medical Department Journal, 33-36.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Battle fatigue is an exceptionally stressful condition that can be very difficult to treat. It is aprofessional
opinion that recovery can be dramatically improved by the introduction of Eye Movement Desensitization
Reprocessing ( EMDR). Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing, used in a far forward capacity during
combat, can expedite the return to duty of soldiers who experience battle fatigue. More rigorous studies on
the application of EMDR as a therapeutic intervention for combat stress and battle fatigue are suggested.
Keywords: Battlefield Military
Accuracy Verified: Yes
409. Foster, S., Lendl, J., & Wilson, D. (1992, July). Eye movement desensitization useful against anxiety, trauma. The California Psychologist, 20.
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
The Eye Movement Desensitization
and Reprocessing (EMDR)
procedure, developed by Francine
Shapiro, Ph.D., was introduced as a
new rapid treatment for anxiety and
related traumata. Dr. Shapiro
serendipitously discovered that
lateral eye movements (saccades)
produced a decrease in distress
associated with dysfunctional
thoughts. The basic protocol for
integrating EMDR into clinical work
involves the client performing sets
of saccades (usually when tracking
the therapist's finger) while visualizing
a disturbing image, thinking a
disconcerning thought or focusing
on an unpleasant affect. The result is
- often a rapid working through of
even strong negative feelings, a
disappearance of the upsetting
images and a facilitation of cognitive restructuring of dysfunctional
thoughts.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
410. Herbert, J. D., & Mueser, K. T. (1992, September). Eye movement desensitization: A critique of the evidence. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 23(3), 169-174. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(92)90033-F.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of eye movement desensitization (EMD), a novel intervention for traumatic memories and related conditions, is reviewed. The sparse research conducted in this area has serious methodological flaws, precluding definite conclusions regarding the effectiveness of the procedure. Clinicians are cautioned against uncritically accepting the clinical efficacy of EMD. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Literature Review Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
411. Kapoula, Z., Misset, P., Poncet, S., Bruneau, S., & Bucci, M. P. (2007, June). Eye movement patterns during the Rorschach test: Implications for EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
It is hypothesized that eye movements used in EMDR practice influence both memory and emotional state, some laboratory studies provide evidence for such influence (Christman et al, 2003, Neurobiology; Barrowcliff et al., J. Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 2004). From a neurophysiological point of view, it is also interesting to examine to what extent some eye movement parameters may be modulated by memory and emotions. For instance, it is well established that memory driven saccades in simplified laboratory tests, present different characteristics (longer preparation time, lower accuracy, lower velocity) than visually guided movement. During EMDR the eye movements (mostly pursuit) are elicited externally by the therapist, yet at the same time the patient is in touch mentally with the traumatic image and related negative emotions. The physiology of such movements might be different and this could be explored with specific studies. Another important issue is to what extent movements of the eyes are helpful in coding and retrieving visual images. Accordingly to scanpath theory, eye movements are cognitively driven by sensory and motor representation; repetitive eye movements to the same area of an image are attributed to checking if the image corresponds to what the observer imagines (Noton & Stack, 1971; Brandt & Stark, 1997). Future laboratory research could bring together such theories and EMDR psychotherapy, e.g., by examining spontaneous eye movements related to negative image.
In this conference, we will present preliminary data from a laboratory study on eye movement patterns during the Roschach test. Eight healthy students conducted the experiment. Seated in front of a computer screen, subjects were equipped with a binocular video eye tracker (Chronos) sampling eye position images from each eye every 4 msec. Instantaneous eye position data were stored on a computer and analyzed afterwards with laboratory software. Each are of the Roschach test was presented for 30 sec., after which, the experimenter (a psychologist) recorded the response given by the subject.
Analysis of eye movement patterns were examined in relation to subjective verbal reports.
Results: The first question asked was to what extent the eye movement pattern reflected the imaged projected by the subject or by the visual properties of the Rorschach image itself. To gain some insight, we concentrated on the cards for which our subjected gave no standard responses, thus very different from one subject to the other (e.g., card IX). Eye movement exploration (the surface of the image explored, its patiaol composition e.g. the resprctive proportion of horizontal versus vertical movements) was correlated with the verbal report and the specific mental imagery (larger surface, multiple focusing points when several personages or objects were imaged). This provides evident for top-down influence; the eyes are exploring the projective interpretative image; repetitive movements back and forth to same points which help in turn consolidate this mental imagery.
Psychological analysis of eye movements (saccades and fixation) was also made. Saccades are found to be as fast as when looking reflexively to single visual targets; during fixations, however, between saccades, the eyes were more instable, particularly the visual uses were crossing at different depths from one fixation to another. Further ongoing analysis will correlate fixation duration and depth instability to spatial and emotional content of the subjective report.
Keywords: Eye Movements Mechanism of Action Neurobiology Poster Rorschach Test
Accuracy Verified: Yes
412. Maxfield, L. (2002, January). An eye on EMDR, does controversial trauma therapy really work? Pro: Effective treatment for PTSD [and] Con: No miracle cure. Parkhurst Exchange, 10(1), 24-25.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an integrative psychotherapy developed to treat traumatic memories. Numerous randomized clinical trials support is use for the rapid elimination of posttraumatic stress disorder (PSTD). Research reports a drop in diagnostic status of 50-90% after three to eight sessions, and significant decreases in symptoms with effects maintained at follow-up. After successful treatment, emotional distress is relieved, negative beliefs are reformulated, and physiologic arousal is reduced. EMDR's probably effiacy has been recognized by the Clinical Psychology Division of the American Psycholpgical Association and the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies.
Keywords: Efficacy Integrative Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
413. Taylor, S. (2002, January). An eye on EMDR, does controversial trauma therapy really work?: Con No miracle cure. Parkhurst Exchange, 20(1), 25.
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
EMDR is a controversial but widely used method for treating PTSD and other psychiatric conditions. Controversy surrounding EMDR stems from two main sources. FIrst, it lacks convincing scientific rationale. The main intervention in EMDR requires the patient to recall trauma-related memories while also attending to some form of external oscillatory stimulation. This stimulation is typically induced by the therapist moving a finger from side to side, across the patient's field of vision, inducing eye movements. After each set of eye movements, the patient is asked to natice what memories, images, thoughts, or feelings arise, and then more sets of eye movements are induced until distress is reduced.
Keywords: Controversy Efficacy Flaw General Overview Outcome Studies
Accuracy Verified: Yes
414. Hendrick, B. (1994, August 15). Eye therapy credited with relieving trauma: Method eases pain of bad memories. Atlanta, GA: The Atlanta Journal and The Atlanta Constitution National News, A4.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
A study released in Los Angeles Saturday suggests you can remove the pain of traumatic memories from your mind by moving your eyes from side to side. The process is called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), and many psychologists are eyeing it as a treatment method for people troubled by memories of natural disasters, the death of a loved one, an assault, an accident or even military combat.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
415. Alatalo, G. L. (1994). Eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing: A new treatment for trauma. Spalding University, Louisville, KY. AAT 9522299.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been hailed as a new experimental treatment for survivors of trauma that can provide rapid relief from the debilitating symptoms associated with PTSD. EMDR's efficacy reportedly stems from the use of eye-movements that are postulated to stimulate physiological changes in brain activity to produce cognitive restructuring and desensitization of emotional discomfort. This novel procedure has become more prominent with reported benefits for an increasing range of clinical applications. Since there is minimal controlled research, especially in a civilian population, on psychological methods to treat the ill effects of trauma and because EMDR has limited empirical support, further controlled investigation was warranted to supplement this limited body of scientific knowledge.Consequently, the specific goals of this controlled study were to evaluate (1) the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of civilian trauma survivors, (2) whether or not eye-movements are instrumental to the therapeutic process, and (3) the treatment impact on intrusive and avoidant symptoms. It was hypothesized that (1) an EMDR treatment group would demonstrate greater efficacy when compared to an Alternative group which followed the same treatment protocol except for the substitution of deep breathing for the eye-movements, (2) both the EMDR and Alternative treatments would show significant improvement over a Control group, and (3) there would be similar changes in intrusive and avoidant symptoms. Findings at two month follow-up indicated the EMDR group had significant reductions in intrusive/avoidant symptoms (using the Impact of Event Scale), decreased emotional discomfort related to traumatic memories (rated by Subjective Units of Distress), and improvements in positive self-evaluations (measured by the Validity of Cognition Scale). There were similar results in the Alternative group with the exception of no significant improvement in self-evaluation. This latter finding provides some support for the hypothesis that eye-movements facilitate a cognitive restructuring. Comparisons between the EMDR and Alternative treatments, however, found no significant differences on any of the dependent measures. That is, both treatments appeared to produce comparable positive results which implied eye-movements were no more effective than deep breathing. In addition, both treatments were found to be more effective in easing intrusive symptoms. Other similarities included observable relaxation reactions in both treatments. These overall findings imply a similar change mechanism. Therefore, the efficacy of EMDR may stem more from reciprocal inhibition rather than a cognitive restructuring induced by the eye-movements. If this is valid, then EMDR may be a variant of systematic desensitization. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 56(3-B), Sep 1995, pp. 1690
Keywords: Americans Avoidance Cognitive Impairment Empirical Study Intrusive Thoughts Longitudinal Study Self Concept Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
416. Dees, L. (2006, November 2). Eye-movement therapists tackle post-traumatic stress. Portland, OR: The Forecaster.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a form of psychotherapy used to relieve the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. EMDR was developed in 1987 by American psychologist Dr. Francine Shapiro. Shapiro studied the impact of EMDR on reducing the symptoms of post-traumatic stress syndrome in Vietnam combat veterans. EMDR has since been expanded to include applications for grief, phobias, anxiety, depression, abuse, performance anxiety and addictions.
Keywords: General Molly Stanley Overview Portland Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
417. Merckelbach, H., Hogervost, E., Kampman, M., & de Jongh, A. (1994, March). Eye-movement-desensitization heeft geen effect op emotionele reactiviteit van 'normale' proefpersonen [Eye movement desensitization has no effect on the emotional reactivity of normal test subjects]. Gedragstherapie, 27(1), 33-49.
Language: Dutch
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
Verschillende single-case studies hebben gesuggereerd dat posttraumatische stress-symptomen en andere angst-gerelateerde problemen kunnen succesvol worden behandeld met een sessie van de oogbeweging desensibilisatie (EMD). Twee experimenten werden uitgevoerd om te onderzoeken of EMD de emotionele reactie van de normale proefpersonen beďnvloedt. In het eerste experiment kregen de proefpersonen (N = 40) blijkt een aversieve dia. Vervolgens helft van de proefpersonen ondergingen EMD, terwijl ze repeteerden de dia informatie, en de andere helft onderging een controle-procedure (dwz de vinger te tikken), terwijl het verbeelden van de glijbaan. Voor en na de interventie (dat wil zeggen, EMD vs vinger te tikken), werden de hartslag en de self-report gegevens die zijn verkregen terwijl proefpersonen repeteerde de dia. Er werd geen bewijs gevonden dat EMD de emotionele impact van de aversieve dia verlaagd. Het tweede experiment werd uitgevoerd langs dezelfde lijnen. Echter, dit keer proefpersonen (N = 28) repeteerde een pijnlijke gebeurtenis die zij onlangs had ervaren. Verder werd een cognitieve 'opwerking' component toegevoegd aan de EMD procedure. Toch heeft geen bevindingen ondersteunen het idee dat EMD emotionele reactiviteit remt om een grotere mate dan de vinger te tikken. Tezamen zijn de resultaten van beide experimenten niet bemoedigend, ze suggereren dat placebo-effecten en de vraag naar kenmerken rekening kan worden gehouden voor het spectaculaire succes van EMD.
Several single-case studies have suggested that posttraumatic stress symptoms and other anxiety-related problems can be successfully treated with one session of eye movement desensitization (EMD). Two experiments were carried out to examine whether EMD affects the emotional response of normal subjects. In the first experiment, subjects (N = 40) were shown an aversive slide. Next, half of the subjects underwent EMD while they rehearsed the slide information, and the other half underwent a control procedure (i.e., finger tapping) while imagining the slide. Before and after the intervention (i.e., EMD vs. finger tapping), heart rate and self-report data were obtained while subjects rehearsed the slide. No evidence was found to suggest that EMD reduced the emotional impact of the aversive slide. The second experiment was conducted along similar lines. However, this time subjects (N = 28) rehearsed an embarrassing event that they had recently experienced. Furthermore, a cognitive 'reprocessing' component was added to the EMD procedure. Nevertheless, findings did not support the idea that EMD inhibits emotional reactivity to greater extent than finger tapping. Taken together, the results of both experiments are not encouraging; they suggest that placebo effects and demand characteristics may account for the spectacular success of EMD.
Keywords: Aversive Stimulation Emotional Responses Eye Movements Systematic Desensitization Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
418. Rubin, A. (2004, June). Fallacies and deflections in debating the empirical support for EMDR in the treatment of PTSD: A reply to Maxfield, Lake, and Hyer. Traumatology, 10(2), 91-105. doi:10.1177/153476560601200101.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The Maxfield, Lake, and Hyer acerbic attack on my review is filled with fallacies and inaccurate and unwarranted accusations that deflect attention away from the main issue pertaining to the insufficient evidence base for current claims that EMDR is more effective than exposure therapies and is an empirically-supported treatment for children, combat PTSD, and multiple trauma PTSD. More research is needed before such claims can be called evidence-based. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Letter Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Professional Criticism PTSD Reply Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
419. PR Newswire. (2001, January 1). Famed EMDR psychologist abandoned her patient in the middle of controversial treatment (EMDR) aimed at helping patient recover from significant childhood abuse. San Francsico, CA: PR News Wire, State and Regional News.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
EMDR is a treatment modality for use with adults who have been abused as children, which is purported to help them clear their trauma more rapidly and to lead full, productive lives. In using EMDR treatment, a patient is asked to hold in mind an image of the trauma, a negative self-cognition, negative emotions and related physical sensations about the trauma. While doing so, the client is instructed to move their eyes quickly and laterally back and forth for about 15-20 seconds, following the therapist's fingers or some other stimulation device. The patient then reports the images, cognitions, emotions and physical sensations that emerge. This procedure continues until "desensitization" of the troubling material is complete and positive self-cognitions have replaced the previous negative self-cognition.
Keywords: General Overview San Francisco
Accuracy Verified: No
420. Miller, R. (2010, September). The feeling-state theory of impulse-control disorders and the impulse-control disorder protocol. Traumatology, 16(3), 2-10. doi:10.1177/1534765610365912.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Impulse-control disorders such as pathological gambling, sexual addiction, and compulsive shopping cause enormous suffering in
people’s lives. The feeling-state theory of impulse-control disorders postulates that these disorders are created when intense
positive feelings become linked with specific behaviors. The effect of this linkage is that, to generate the same feeling, the person
compulsively reenacts the behavior related to that original positive-feeling event, even if detrimental to his or her own wellbeing.
This reenactment creates the impulse-control disorder. The therapy described in this article is the Impulse-Control
Disorder Protocol (ICDP), which uses a modified form of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to address
these fixations. A case study of an individual with pathological gambling illustrates the application of ICDP.
Keywords: Compulsion Gambling Impulse-Control Disorders Sexual Addiction
Accuracy Verified: Yes
421. Phillips, M. (2000). Finding the energy to heal: How EMDR, hypnosis, TFT, imagery, and body-focused therapy can help restore mindbody health. (1st ed.) New York: Norton.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
I have found that more traditional models of psychological healing, such as self-object relations, ego psychology, cognitive behaviorism, and developmental psychology, along with theories of trauma, dissociation, and attachment, are invaluable in helping to identify the general patterns of disharmony that can activate illness. Once my clients and I have sketched the broad outlines of where and how their pathways to healing may be blocked, then we can use the relatively more precise implements of hypnosis, EMDR, imagery, and body-focused therapies to reopen them again. The basic strategy illustrated throughout this book, then, is one of combining traditional psychological models for assessment with special tools to activate energy shifts that can rebalance the mindbody system.Three kinds of common stressors associated with problematic health provide the framework for this book: (1) General stress-related symptoms; (2) Psychophysiological symptoms that result from posttraumatic stress; (3) Stress connected with organic conditions. [Adapted from Text, pp. xiv, xv] [Pilots]
Keywords: Body Psychotherapy Cognitive Therapy Ego State Therapy Hypnotherapy Stressors Survivors TFT: Thought Field Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
422. Macklin, M. L., Metzger, L. J., Lasko, N. B., Berry, N. J., Orr, S.P., & Pitman, R. K. (2000, January-February). Five-year follow-up study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 41(1), 24-27. doi:10.1016/S0010-440X(00)90127-5.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study reports the results of a 5-year follow-up evaluation of 13 Vietnam combat veterans with chronic PTSD who participated in a study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy previously reported in this journal. Pretreatment and follow-up psychometric outcome measures were compared with those of a demographically matched control group of 14 combat veterans with chronic PTSD who did not receive EMDR. Analysis of variance showed that the modest to moderate therapeutic benefits that were manifest immediately following EMDR were lost at the 5-year follow-up evaluation, and there was an overall worsening of PTSD symptomatology over the 5-year period in both EMDR-treated and nontreated control subjects. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Empirical Study Follow-up Study Males Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial Veterans Vietnam War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
423. Cahill, S., & Frueh, C. (1997, September-October). Flooding versus eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy: Relative efficacy has yet to be investigated -- comment on Pitman et al (1996). Comprehensive Psychiatry, 38(5), 300-303. doi:10.1016/S0010-440X(97)90064-X.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Pitman et al. recently published a pair of studies on the relationship between indicators of emotional processing and outcome in flooding therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. Among their conclusions, they asserted EMDR was found to be at least as effective [as] flooding in the treatment of combat-related PTSD and produced fewer adverse consequences. Although this research constitutes an important contribution to the literature on psychosocial treatments for PTSD, their conclusions regarding the relative effectiveness of these two treatments are unwarranted. The bases of our objections are that (1) assignment of participants to treatment conditions was nonrandom, and (2) several significant procedural differences existed between the two studies in addition to the specific treatments under investigation. These include different inclusion and exclusion criteria, the confounding of psychological treatment with psychiatric medication status, and differences in assessment procedures. Since the two treatments were not compared in a single head-to-head controlled trial, we conclude that their relative efficacy has yet to be investigated. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Comment Exposure Therapy Posttraumatic Strerss Disorder Professional Criticism PTSD Reply Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
424. Browning, C. (1999). Flotar hacia atrás y flotar hacia delante: Técnicas para ligar el pasado, Presente y futuro [Floatback and Float Forward: Techniques for the Tie Past, Present and Future]. Presentation at EMDRIA Latinoamericana.
Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Abstract:
El protocolo estándar de EMDR requiere enfocar los orígenes de la perturbación, los gatillos del presente y crear un patrón de conductas adecuadas para el futuro (Shapiro). Algunos pacientes, sin embargo pueden tener dificultades para conectar su problema actual con acontecimientos del pasado. Así también, otros pacientes pueden tener dificultades para crear patrones positivos para el futuro, especialmente si ensayar conductas nuevas los pone ansiosos. Para estos problemas las técnicas de "Flotar hacia atrás" y "Flotar hacia delante" desarrolladas por William Zangwill Ph. D., entrenador del Instituto EMDR, son métodos efectivos para ligar el pasado, presente y futuro en un ámbito terapéutico y proveen al terapeuta de instrumentos para abordar eficientemente ambos temas.
LA TÉCNICA DE FLOTAR HACIA ATRÁS
Abordar recuerdos tempranos asociados con el material perturbador es fundamental para EMDR. Shapiro dice que ayudar al paciente a encontrar un recuerdo temprano "debe ser una de las primeras opciones que debe considerar al terapeuta..." (Shapiro, 1995). La Técnica de Flotar hacia atrás es un camino eficiente y poderoso para llegar a esta meta, permitiendo al terapeuta asistir al paciente a llevar a cabo sus propias asociaciones con acontecimientos del pasado. Su uso es muy apropiado cuando el terapeuta sospecha que una perturbación que el paciente experimenta en el presente, tiene sus raíces en experiencias del pasado; especialmente cuando preguntas como "Cuál es su recuerdo más temprano en relación a lo que se siente ahora? no ha tenido éxito en ayudar al paciente a conectar con eventos del pasado. También cuando un paciente presenta un tema o experiencia recurrente, la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás es ideal para ayudar al paciente a identificar un target para el reprocesamiento. Muchos pacientes se ponen en contacto con los problemas actuales con relativa facilidad. Por ejemplo, una paciente que se queja que se siente abandonada cuando su marido se va de viaje de negocios, probablemente pueda recordar sus problemas actuales con facilidad. Entonces el terapeuta puede aplicar la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás para ayudarle a la paciente a recordar un acontecimiento del pasado con rapidez y eficiencia.
Para usar la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás, arme el protocolo con el problema actual, utilizando los pasos que figuran en el Manual de Entrenamiento del Nivel I y del Nivel II (Shapiro, 1994) incluyendo la imagen, la cognición negativa (CN), la cognición positiva (CP), la validación de la cognición (VoC), emociones, Unidad Subjetiva de Perturbación (SUD) y sensación corporal. Sin embargo, no incide todavía el procesamiento (es decir, movimientos oculares u otra estimulación). En vez de eso, diga a su paciente: "Fíjese en la imagen de... y esas palabras (repita la imagen perturbadora del paciente y su cognición negativa), fíjese que emociones le vienen y donde las siente en el cuerpo. Ahora cierre los ojos y deje que su mente flote hacia atrás a un período anterior en su vida, no busque, simplemente deje que su mente flote a una época donde usted pensaba cosas similares... (repita las emociones que dijo el paciente) en ...(repita los lugares del cuerpo donde el paciente sintió las sensaciones). Cuando esté listo abra los ojos y dígame lo primero que le viene a la mente".
Utilice esta experiencia más temprana como target, completando todos los items del protocolo: imagen, CN, CP, VoC, emociones, SUD y ubicación de las sensaciones corporales y comience a procesar con movimientos oculares u otro estímulo bilateral. Una vez que se ha procesado este material, vuelva al target original del material actual. Muy a menudo se generaliza el trabajo realizado sobre el material más temprano y ya no hace falta procesar el material actual.
Es importante usar términos generales cuando se le dan al paciente las instrucciones de la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás, es decir, pedir un recuerdo temprano y no el más temprano. Hay varias razones que avalan esto. Primero, muchas veces es el peor recuerdo y no el primero que funciona como el mejor target para el reprocesamiento,. Además, usar términos generales es una ayuda para los pacientes más compulsivos y perfeccionistas que de otra manera estarían demasiado preocupados en no equivocarse y encontrar exactamente la primera asociación. Finalmente, la flexibilidad que permite la utilización de términos generales más que términos específicos aumenta la posibilidad de éxito del paciente de conectarse con el pasado que es la meta de esta técnica.
El rasgo esencial de la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás es usar las preguntas del protocolo para conectar los problemas del presente con eventos del pasado. Pasar las preguntas como fueron desarrolladas por Shapiro es un potente método para ayudar a los pacientes a sintonizar con todos los aspectos de su experiencia del problema. El material perturbador se vuelve más vívido y actual para el paciente y posibilita recordar experiencias similares. Se supone, como hipótesis, que al haber desarrollado el protocolo con todas las preguntas sobre el problema actual, estimula la red neuronal de asociaciones y posibilita casi sin esfuerzo el "flotar hacia atrás" a asociaciones tempranas.
Además, el vínculo paciente-terapeuta es realzado porque el terapeuta valida la experiencia del paciente (la perturbación actual) al empezar el trabajo desde el punto en el que se encuentra el paciente. Las asociaciones son del paciente, eliminando el tema de la resistencia a cualquier idea o interpretación introducida por el terapeuta. El paciente se da cuenta vivencialmente de la conexión del presente con el pasado usando la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás, pudiendo esquivar la evitación y otras defensas.
LA TÉCNICA DE FLOTAR HACIA DELANTE
Mientras que la Técnica de Flotar hacia Atrás posibilita muy a menudo que los pacientes vean y sientan la conexión entre el problema actual y los eventos pasados, la Técnica de Flotar hacia delante permite que el paciente identifique y reprocese la ansiedad anticipatoria y desarrolle patrones positivos para el futuro. Es un método que puede ser utilizado en cualquier momento del proceso terapéutico para solucionar bloqueos, renuencias y en algunos casos, resistencias o temas de beneficios secundarios o pérdidas. Es especialmente útil para trabajar con el miedo del paciente a hacer EMDR.
Para ponerlo en práctica, primero pida al paciente que imagine lo peor que le puede pasar si hace "X" (por ej. probar una nueva conducta, testear una nueva habilidad, empezar una experiencia nueva). żQué es lo peor que le puede pasar si hace EMDR? Que es lo peor que le puede pasar si soluciona este problema? żQué es lo peor que le puede pasar si le pone límites a su jefe respecto a la cantidad de trabajo que espera que usted haga? El paciente puede necesitar ayuda para identificar la peor escena. Algunas sugerencias incluyen el miedo a perder el control de sus emociones, el miedo a perder el control de sus funciones corporales como el control de esfínteres, miedo a tener un ataque de pánico, y no poder manejar su vida emocional entre las sesiones.
Una vez que el paciente ha identificado el incidente, pregunte por la peor parte de esa escena y utilícelo como el target de EMDR, armando el protocolo con las preguntas estándar, pero con una leve modificación: pregunte por la imagen que representa la peor parte del peor incidente, por ej. "Cuando usted ve una imagen de si mismo/a haciendo......, que es lo peor que puede pasar?"
Después siga con el resto de las preguntas estándar, es decir, CN, CP, VoC, emociones, SUD, y ubicación de la sensación corporal. Estimule el procesamiento del paciente con movimientos oculares u otro estímulo bilateral.
Si el desarrollo de la peor escena del paciente le provoca un miedo racional, puede que se tengan que tomar medidas prácticas para solucionar estas preocupaciones. Por ejemplo, usando la técnica de flotar hacia delante con un chico de 13 ańos que estaba en un hogar adoptivo transitorio, la peor escena evocada por él fue: "Me van a devolver al Hogar si esta adopción no resulta". Durante el procesamiento, el SUD se redujo de 8 a 3 con bastante rapidez pero de ahí no bajaba. El paciente comentó que no bajaba porque esta "peor escena" podría sucederle realmente y le había sucedido en el pasado. Paramos los movimientos oculares, charlamos un rato y elaboramos un plan para: a) una sesión con sus padres adoptivos para hablar sobre la permanencia de la adopción y b) una llamada en conferencia a su asesor legal para clarificar sus derechos y opciones. Volviendo al target después de esto, le fue posible reducir el SUD a 1 con unos pocos sets de movimientos oculares.
Al utilizar la Técnica de Flotar hacia delante para reprocesar la peor escena, el paciente tiene una oportunidad para resolver la ansiedad anticipatoria. Durante la instalación de la cognición positiva, el paciente está creando patrones positivos para acciones en el futuro. Una mujer cuyo hermano fue verbalmente abusivo con ella en la infancia y en la actualidad la intimidaba, armó una "peor escena" con: "Va a ser igualmente abusivo cuando lo vea la próxima vez". La paciente había hecho mucho EMDR, reprocesando incidentes de la infancia relacionados con el abuso verbal del hermano. Sin embargo, sin un referente positivo vivencial, seguía ansiosa cada vez que interactuaba con él. Pidiéndole que "flote hacia delante" y usando EMDR sobre una de las peores escenas, alivió su ansiedad respecto a una fiesta familiar que tenía pendiente. Instalando una CP de "Ahora estoy más fuerte" le permitió crear una imagen de si misma manejando a su hermano con humor y sintiéndose segura.
A aplicar las Técnicas de Flotar hacia Atrás y hacia Delante y ocuparse así del pasado, presente y futuro, el terapeuta de EMDR puede sanar mejor a su paciente. Es más, las Técnicas de Flotar hacia Atrás y hacia Delante están basadas en EMDR. Las dos incorporan las preguntas del protocolo standard y le dan al terapeuta y al paciente la oportunidad de manejarse más fluidamente con dicho protocolo.
EMDR standard protocol requires a focus of the origins of the disturbance, the triggers of this and create a pattern of behaviors appropriate to the future (Shapiro). Some patients, however, may have difficulty connecting the current problem with past events. Also, other patients may have difficulty creating positive patterns for the future, especially if you try new behaviors makes them anxious. For these problems the techniques of "float back" and "Float forward" developed by William Zangwill Ph.D., EMDR Institute trainer, are effective methods to link the past, present and future in a therapeutic area and provide the therapist tools to effectively address both issues.
THE ART OF FLOATING BACK
Addressing early memories associated with foreign material is essential to EMDR. Shapiro said that helping the patient to find early memory "must be one of the first options to consider when therapist ..." (Shapiro, 1995). Floating Technique back is a powerful and efficient way to reach this goal, allowing the therapist to assist the patient to carry out their own associations with past events. Its use is most appropriate when the clinician suspects that a disturbance that the patient is experiencing at present, is rooted in past experiences, especially when questions like "What is your earliest memory in relation to what you feel now? Not been successful in helping patients to connect with past events. Also when a patient has a recurrent theme or experience, the Backward Floating Technique is ideal for helping the patient to identify a target for reprocessing. Many patients come into contact with the current problems with relative ease. For example, a patient who complains that she feels abandoned when her husband goes on a business trip, you can probably recall their current problems with ease. Then the therapist can apply the technique Float Backwards to help the patient to remember a past event quickly and efficiently.
To use the technique to back float, arm the protocol to the current problem, using the steps listed in the Training Manual Level I and Level II (Shapiro, 1994) including the image, negative cognition (NC) positive cognition (PC), validation of cognition (VoC), emotions, Subjective Unit of Disturbance (SUD) and bodily sensation. However, it still affects the processing (ie, eye movements or other stimulation). Instead, tell your patient: "Look at the picture ... and those words (repetition of the disturbing image of the patient and negative cognition), note that emotions come from and where you sit on the body. Now close eyes and let your mind float back to an earlier period in your life, look no further, just let your mind float to a time when you thought things like ... (repeat the emotions that said the patient) .. . (repeat parts of the body where the patient felt the sensation). When you are ready open your eyes and tell me the first thing that comes to mind. "
Use this early experience as a target, completing all protocol items: image, CN, CP, VoC, emotions, SUD and location of bodily sensations and begin processing with eye movements or other bilateral stimulation. Once this material has been processed, return to the original target of the current material. Very often we generalize the work done on the earlier material and no longer have to render the current material.
It is important to use general terms when the patient is given instructions Technique Float Backwards, ie a memory request early and not earlier. There are several reasons that support this. First, it is often the worst memory and not the first that works as the best target for reprocessing. In addition, using general terms is an aid for compulsive and perfectionistic patients who otherwise would be too concerned with avoiding failure and find exactly the first association. Finally, the flexibility that allows the use of general rather than specific terms increases the likelihood of success of the patient to connect with the past that is the goal of this technique.
The essential feature of the technique is to use Float Backwards questions of protocol to connect the problems of the present with past events. Skip the questions and were developed by Shapiro is a powerful method to help patients to tune into all aspects of their experience of the problem. The foreign material becomes more vivid and present to the patient and possible recall similar experiences. It is assumed, arguendo, that having developed the protocol with all the questions about the current problem, the neural network encourages and facilitates partnerships almost effortlessly "float back" early associations.
In addition, the patient-therapist relationship is enhanced because the therapist validates the patient's experience (current disruption) to start work from the point where the patient is. Partnerships are the patient, eliminating the issue of resistance to any idea or interpretation introduced by the therapist. The patient realizes experientially connecting the present with the past by using the technique Float Backwards, can avoid the avoidance and other defenses.
THE ART OF FLOATING FORWARD
While technology enables Float Backwards often patients to see and feel the connection between the current problem and past events, the forward float technique allows the patient to identify and reprocess anticipatory anxiety and develop positive patterns the future. It is a method that can be used at any time of the therapeutic process to troubleshoot crashes, reluctance and in some cases, resistance or topics of ancillary benefits or losses. It is especially useful for working with the patient's fear to do EMDR.
To put this into practice, first ask the patient to imagine the worst that can happen if you "X" (eg. Try a new behavior, test a new skill, start a new experience.) What's the worst that can happen if you EMDR? That's the worst that can happen if you solve this problem? What's the worst that can happen if you put your head limits on the amount of work expected to do? The patient may need help to identify the worst scene. Some suggestions include fear of losing control of his emotions, fear of losing control of their bodily functions such as bowel and bladder control, fear of having a panic attack and can not manage their emotional life between sessions.
Once the patient has identified the incident, ask for the worst part of that scene and use it as the target of EMDR, setting up the protocol with the standard questions, but with a slight modification: ask for the image that represents the worst of worst incident, eg. "When you see a picture of him / herself by ......, it's the worst that can happen?"
Then follow with the rest of the standard questions, ie, CN, CP, VoC, emotions, SUD, and location of bodily sensation. Stimulate the processing of patients with eye movements or other bilateral stimulation.
If the development of the patient's worst scene provokes a rational fear, you may have to take practical steps to address these concerns. For example, using the technique of floating forward with a boy of 13 who was in a temporary foster home, the worst scene evoked for him was: "I will return home if this adoption is not." During processing, the LDS was reduced from 8 to 3 fairly quickly but it does not down. The patient said he did not go down because the "worst scene" could really happen and had happened in the past. Eye movements stopped, we chatted a while and developed a plan for: a) a meeting with her adoptive parents to discuss the permanence of the adoption and b) a conference call to his legal adviser to clarify your rights and options. Returning to the target after that, it was possible to reduce the LDS-1 with a few sets of eye movements.
Using Floating Technique forward to reprocess the worst scenario, the patient has an opportunity to resolve the anticipatory anxiety. During the installation of the positive cognition, the patient is creating positive patterns for future action. A woman whose brother was verbally abusive to her children and now intimidated, put together a "worst stage" with: "It will be equally unfair when I see him next time." The patient had done much EMDR reprocessing childhood incidents related to verbal abuse of his brother. However, without a positive reference experiential, still anxious every time I interacted with him. Asking him to "float forward" and using EMDR on one of the worst scenes, relieved her anxiety about a family party that was pending. Installing a CP of "I'm stronger now allowed him to create an image of herself driving her brother with humor and feeling safe.
To apply the techniques to float back and forth and deal well past, present and future, the EMDR therapist can heal your patient better. Moreover, techniques to float back and forth are based on EMDR. Both incorporate the standard protocol questions and give the therapist and the patient the opportunity to be managed more smoothly with this protocol.
Keywords: Floatback Technique Float Foward Technique
Accuracy Verified: Yes
425. Malgiozzi, T., & Magliozzi, R. (2005, June 26). Form of post-traumatic stress disorder seen in accident victims. Pittsburgh, PA: Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Five Star, Business, K-12.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Your recent newspaper column regarding the person experiencing trauma after her Toyota was rear-ended by some guy going 70 mph invited me to add my thoughts: I am a psychologist in Minnesota and have treated a number of car-crash victims just like your reader. They are indeed suffering from a form of post-traumatic stress disorder, and can easily be helped by a therapeutic procedure called EMDR -- eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Don't ask me to explain how it works, but believe me, it does. I have treated car-crash victims, carjacking victims, rape victims and holdup victims with the same method of EMDR.
Keywords: Motor Vehicle Accidents Pittsburgh Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
426. Lowary, J. (2009, December 31). Former colonel backs new PTSD treatment. The Leaf Chronicle.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
A retired local colonel with more than 30 years of experience in helping soldiers with family and psychological problems is championing a new technique he says can be more than 85 percent effective in the treatment of combat-related stress.
Keywords: E. C. Hurley Military Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
427. Kiessling, R. (2006, September). From BLS to EMDR: Treating survivors of trauma, natural disaster, and combat along a time and stability continuum. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: T
he Comprehensive treatment protocols and
treatment outcomes of EMDR have been well
researched and documented. The calming effects
of bilateral stimulation (BLS) and its impact on
having images fade have also been documented.
Consequently, there are many situations where
stabilization and symptom reduction may be appropriate and/or necessary, such as trauma from
terrorism, natural disasters and combat. This workshop will discuss a number of Bilateral
Stimulation (BLS) interventions along a time and client stability continuum. Participants will learn and hone their skills using a number of
stabilization and symptom reduction interventions
through lecture, video and live demonstration, as
well as small group practice of these more
truncated, target specific, symptom
desensitization protocols. Additionally,
participants will understand when to select these
interventions in preparing the client for the
comprehensive EMDR treatment protocols.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
428. Logie, R. (2012, July). From nightmare to memories. Therapy Today, 23(6), 28-31 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) is a form of therapy mainly used in treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and other trauma-related mental health problems. This article outlines the development of EMDR and its use as a psychological treatment, and describes the process of EMDR therapy sessions from the therapist's and client's perspectives. It reports that use of EMDR has become more diverse and looks in particular at its application in 3 areas: depression, obsessive compulsive disorder and pain. It discusses the effectiveness of EMDR treatment and research into its application. It also briefly explains how to train in EMDR.
Keywords: Behavior Therapy Mental Health Problems Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
429. Royle, L., & Kerr, C. (2012). From the general to the specific—selecting the target memory. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(3), 101-109. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.3.101.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article is an excerpt from the book Integrating EMDR Into Your Practice (Royle & Kerr, 2010), which is a hands-on guide to facilitate the successful integration of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) training into therapists' practice while recognizing that trainees come from a range of theoretical backgrounds. This excerpt focuses on identifying the appropriate target memory and its related negative cognition (NC) in preparation for desensitization. Clients and therapists need to understand the rationale for selecting a particular target utilizing prioritization and clustering techniques. The importance of the belief system is discussed and methods of identifying the initial targets are offered, including the floatback technique. Many practitioners experience difficulty in getting the right NC, and methods for drawing this out are illustrated. Final preparations prior to desensitization are considered as well as the importance of addressing client anxieties and expectations. Throughout the excerpt, case vignettes are used to outline cautions and common pitfalls encountered by the novice EMDR therapist.
Keywords: Client Anxiety Negative Cognition Preparation Phase Target Memory Treatment Plan
Accuracy Verified: Yes
430. Pagani, M. (2013, June). Functional and structural neuroimaging and EEG monitoring related to EMDR and CBT treatments for PTSD. Presentation at the 13th annual conference for the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS), Bologna, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In the recent past several neuroimaging studies aimed at evaluating the neural correlates of PTSD-related psychotherapies revealing their neurobiological effects on brain function. Functional studies by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and electroencephalography (EEG) detected changes in cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation patterns, identifying the brain areas implicated in the various components of emotional processing and/or affected by the disorder. Investigations by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have also revealed PTSD-related structural changes.
The first part of the workshop will review the neuroimaging methodologies and findings in PTSD treatment-related research with an extensive review of previous literature on the neurobiological effects of the various psychotherapies. The second part will deal with the description and implementation in research and clinic of neuropsychological testing with brief comments and discussion about their use in recent studies published by our group. In the third part the EEG monitoring of a complete set of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapies in 30 patients suffering of major trauma as compared to 20 healthy controls will be presented. These findings will also be compared to the neurobiological effects of trauma-focussed Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in a second group of psychologically traumatized clients. The results are the first report ever on the neurobiological changes occurring before, during and after PTSD-related psychotherapies shedding light on the neuronal processes underlying their clinical efficacy.
The description and the discussion about the contents of the workshop will provide the audience (1) the necessary information to understand the methodological principles behind neuroimaging techniques (SPECT, EEG and MRI) and their possible applications in research and clinic; (2) the up-dated critical knowledge of the published papers in the field of PTSD-related psychotherapies functional and anatomical studies; (3) the basic research principles and examples to be motivated to start, take part and/or collaborate to functional studies in order to better understand the neural basis of psychotherapeutic techniques. The presented material will represent the state-of-the-art of the current neuroscience PTSD-related research and of the neuroimaging methodologies available at the moment.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
431. Choi, J., Kim, D., Kim, S-H., Lee, J-H., & Park, D-W. (2004, September). Functional MRI findings of EMDR for PTSD: A case series using script-driven imagery procedure. Poster presented at the annual meeting of EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: MRI Findings PSTD Script-Driven Imagery Procedure
Accuracy Verified: Yes
432. Unger, M. A. (2008). Fysiologiska korrelat av ögonrörelser och emotionell exponering hos friska individer: – En experimentundersökning av mekanismer i Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) [Physiological correlates of eye movements and emotional exposure in healthy subjects - An experimental study of the mechanisms of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)]. Psykologexamensuppats, Stockholms Universersit, Psyckologiska Institutionen.
Language: Swedish
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, EMDR, har i psykoterapiforskning visats vara en effektiv behandlingsmetod av posttraumatiskt stressyndrom, PTSD. Däremot är ögonrörelsestimuleringen, som är ett centralt moment i metoden, kontroversiell och dess funktion inte klarlagd.
I föreliggande undersökning randomiserades trettiosex friska försökspersoner till en av tre stimuleringsbetingelser: ögonrörelsestimulering, taktil stimulering eller orörligt visuellt stimuli (kontrollgrupp). Stimuleringen kombinerades med imaginär exponering, negativ och positiv. Utfallet av experimentet mättes i olika fysiologiska mätparametrar, samt självskattningar av obehagsnivĺn (SUD). Resultaten visade signifikant högre hudkonduktansnivĺ vid ögonrörelsestimulering jämfört med kontrollgruppen, relaterat till aktivering av det sympatiska nervsystemet. Inga signifikanta gruppskillnader fanns i de övriga mätningarna. Mönstret av autonom aktivering kan tyda pĺ att ögonrörelsestimuleringen utlöser eller förstärker en orienteringsrespons, vilket vissa teoretiker föreslagit är den verksamma mekanismen i EMDR. Dock behövs fortsatt forskning för att förstĺ denna verkan, samt koppling till terapeutisk effekt.
Eye Movement desensitization and Reprocessing, EMDR, psychotherapy research has shown to be an effective treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD. By contrast, ögonrörelsestimuleringen, which is the lynchpin of the method, the controversy and its function is not clear.
In the present study were randomized thirty-six healthy subjects to one of three stimulation conditions: eye movement stimulation, tactile stimulation or static visual stimuli (control group). The stimulation was combined with imaginary exposure, negative and positive. The outcome of the experiment were measured in various physiological measurement parameters, and self-estimates of the level of discomfort (SUD). The results showed significantly higher hudkonduktansnivĺ the eye movement stimulation compared with control group, related to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. No significant group differences were found in the other measurements. The pattern of autonomic activation may indicate that ögonrörelsestimuleringen trigger or reinforce an orientation response, as some theorists suggested is the active mechanism in EMDR. However, further research is needed to understand this effect, as well as access to therapeutic efficacy.
Keywords: Eye Movements Dismantling Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
433. Belber, S. (2008). Geometry of fire. Rattlestick Theater, New York, NY.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract: Play: There's more than one way to write an anti-war play, and in "Geometry of Fire," Stephen Belber picks the hard way. There are no heroics in this edgy drama about a Marine who comes home from Iraq with a bad case of post-combat stress. There's no glory, either, in the sad story of how he alienates friends and menaces strangers. What the play has, instead, is substance and purpose -- and plenty of guts. Tough subject matter is presented with few compromises in Lucie Tiberghien's smartly cast and unaffected production for Rattlestick, which should add to its appeal to serious, discerning auds.
One of the play's themes is the use of EMDR in working with Iraq veterans experiencing trauma.
Keywords: Off-Broadway Play
Accuracy Verified: Yes
434. Staff. (2009). Getting it right. KCAL, Los Angeles, CA.
Language: English
Format: Video
Abstract:
Getting it Right
TV station KCAL in Los Angeles is a welcome exception
to the common practice of reporting combat PTSD as
untreatable. A video clip on their website reports how a
Desert Storm vet rushed to assist victims of a recent
automobile accident in Santa Monica and experienced a
combat-based flashback. The video recounts his subsequent
successful EMDR therapy with HAP supporter
Sarah Gilman after diagnosis at Dr. Daniel Amen’s
imaging research clinic.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
435. Shapiro, F. (2012, March 19). Getting past the past: Healing the suffering heroes of war. Big Think. Retrieved from http://www.bigthink.com/ideas/getting-past-the-past-healing-the-suffering-heroes-of-war?page=1 on 3/19/2012.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
As a psychologist for the last 20 years, the first combat veterans I treated were those of the Vietnam War. When I walked into my local Veterans Outreach Center, I was startled to see how much suffering still existed. Although the war had ended twenty years earlier, these men were still haunted by their experiences. It was then that I learned about the depth of their suffering. The memories they often talked about, ones that still awoke them screaming from nightmares, involved the people who had died. One veteran spoke of the guilt he felt because, after going to war at the age of 19 to serve his country and help his fellow soldiers, he discovered that to do that he had to take lives. He cried as he recounted his fear that the artillery he had called in to save his battalion might have killed children in a nearby village. Others spoke of being powerless as they watched a friend die. They felt anger, fear, powerlessness and above all guilt. [Excerpt]
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Veterans War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
436. Lipke, H., Rogers, S., & Errebo, N. (2005, September). Getting past “You weren’t there”: EMDR and the combat veteran. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The EMDR trauma protocol was based, in part, on Shapiro's early work with combat veterans. In a time of ongoing military conflicts, private practitioners may be encountering the challenges of working with returning veterans for the first time. Using a combination of case examples, videotapes, and research, the presenters will discuss common characteristics of combat veterans, countertransference and other therapist issues, and integration and modification of the EMDR protcol.
Keywords: Combat Countertransference Veteran
Accuracy Verified: Yes
437. Wesselmann, D. (2003, September). Ghosts in the nursery: Interrupting the cycle of poor parenting. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Parents' earliest experiences in childhood directly impact their attachment
relationship with their own children. The presenter will identify specific
negative cognitions which directly impede parent's interaction with their children. Participants will learn strategies for engaging parents in the therapy and helping parents increase their capacity to attune emotionally and to nurture. The "floatback technique" will be outlined as a method for increasing parental insight and helping parents identify past traumas related to current negative responses to their children, which can then be reprocessed through EMDR. lnstallation of a future template for more effective parenting will also be demonstrated.
Keywords: Negative Cognitions Floatback Technique Parenting
Accuracy Verified: Yes
438. Waldon, A. P. (2004). Goodbye yucky thoughts and feelings: An EMDR workbook for children. LuLu.com and EMDRResources.com.
Language: English
Format: Book
Abstract:
Using this workbook, the child EMDR psychotherapist guides the child client through the EMDR protocol. Visually appealing illustrations based on children's drawings are used to encourage the child to draw imaginal and existing resources for strength, mastery, and comfort. Using these drawings, the therapist prepares the child for processing a trauma. Then, after the child draws a safe place, the therapist uses the workbook to help the child identify the thoughts, emotions, and body sensations related to the trauma. The child is then ready for Phase 4, desensitization and reprocessing of the trauma. The workbook continues by helping the therapist guide the child client through the remaining phases of the protocol, finishing with a Certificate of Accomplishment for the child to keep. Instructions for the therapist and worksheets for the therapist's notes are included. [EMDRResources abstract]
Accuracy Verified: Yes
439. Pagani, M. (2010, June). Gray matter density is associated with EMDR outcome in PTSD patients. In Research. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
There is converging evidence of gray matter (GM) structural alterations in different limbic structures in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder patients. Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) is currently used to treat PTSD but its neurobiological implications are still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate GM density in PTSD relation to trauma load, and to assess the GM differences between responders (R) and non-responders (NR) to EMDR therapy.
Structured clinical interviews for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders were carried out before and after EMDR treatment. Those who no longer fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD were classified as R and those who still met the diagnostic criteria of PTSD after treatment were classified as NR. Two scales 0f self-related Trauma Antecedent Questionnaire (‘trauma and neglect’ TAQ-, and ‘resilience factors’ TAQ+), were administered to assess lifelong trauma load and resilience. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans 10 R and of 5 NR were compared before therapy by means of an optimized Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) analysis as implemented in SPM. For group analysis, a threshold of p<0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons at cluster level and an uncorrected threshold of p <0.001 at voxel-level were used.
NR subjects showed no significant differences nor in TAQ- scores neither in TAQ+ as compared to R(t=0.140, p+0.891). The contract R>NR exhibited a significant GM lower density in NR as compared to R in three different cluster: the first bilaterally located over posterior cingulate (Brodmann Areas, Bas 23 and 31); the second centered over the left precentral (BA 4), middle and medial frontal gyri (BA 6); the third including anterior insula (BA 13), and the complex anterior parahippocampal gyrus/amygdala, over the right hemisphere.
To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating GM alterations with a VBM approach in a sample of PTSD patients respond and non responding to EMDR therapy. Posterior cingulate, parahippocampal and insular lower GM concentrations have been found to relate to responsiveness to EMDR therapy suggesting a high vulnerability of these structures to the effects of stress and trauma. These regions are well known to be implicated in processes such as: integration, encoding and retrieval of autobiographical and episodic memories; emotional processing, interoceptive awareness and sefl-referential conscious experience. Thus, our study supports lower GM densities in limbic and paralimbic cortices as a potential structural basis for memory and dissociative dysfunction in PTSD. Using such methodological approach can contribute to better understand the neurostructural basis for traumatic responses and their treatment.
The goals for the audience are: 1. To understand the methodological research principles; 2. To be updated on neurobiological research in EMDR; 3. to be informed on the neural basis of EMDR.
Keywords: Gray Matter Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Research Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
440. Richards, J. B. (2010, June). Group EMDR after individual trauma treatment as assistance back into everyday life. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The learning objectives are as follows;
By the end of the workshop, participants will demonstrate:
An awareness of the potential value of group EMDR for traumatised
clients.
An understanding of the place of group EMDR as a final stage
in treatment, after individual EMDR trauma therapy.
Familiarity with a range of EMDR techniques which are useful
in this mode of treatment.
This experiential workshop will commence with a short Power-
Point presentation, including some client material.
There will then follow a brief discussion, followed by an opportunity
to try out a group experience of using EMDR techniques
The use of group EMDR as a stage of EMDR trauma treatment
arose from the expressed need of clients for a sense of shared
experience, and peer support as they returned to everyday life
as a changed person. Many have physical impairments as a re^
suit of their traumatic experiences, and feel a sense of empathic
understanding when sharing their difficulties.
A further benefit has been the improved reflective functioning displayed
by the group members, which may be related to greater
Vagus nerve relaxation, and resulting increased neocortical activity.
The workshop leader is an accredited EMDR practitioner, who
has been treating traumatised people individually and in groups
for more than thirty years, and has been using EMDR in groups
increasingly in recent times.
Keywords: Group Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
441. Schneider, C. & Gismondi, M. (1999, February). A guide to the neurodevelopmental "power therapies" and their use in the treatment of PTSD and related somatic complaints . Presentation at the Winter Brain Meeting, Plam Springs, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In this four-hour workshop, we will combine hands-on technique demonstration with psychobiological theory concerning the state-of-the-art psychotherapeutic treatment of trauma and related somatization disorders.
Learning Objectives
(1) Understand the significance and evolution of the Power Therapies, i.e., those new or little known trauma psychotherapy techniques that offer significant improvements over traditional methods in terms of the speed, depth and permanence of trauma symptom
reduction while minimizing client retraumatization or destabilization. The original "Power Therapies" categorization was developed by traumatologist Dr. Charles Figley and involves four "cutting edge" trauma psychotherapy techniques, Eye Movement
Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Thought Field Therapy (an accupressure-based desensitization tool) , Traumatic Incident Reduction and Neurolingusitic Programming's Visual-Kinesthetic Dissociation. Protocols for all four methods will be reviewed.
(2) Achieve introductory-level working knowledge of both the techniques, their underlying theoretical rationale and suspected neurophysiological mechanisms of action.
(3) Learn Power Therapy integration strategies and explore their clinical utility.
(4) Become familiar with the concept of the Neurodevelopmental Power Therapy integration strategies, it's roots in the work of Allen Schore, Bruce Perry and Bessel Van der Kolk and it's implications for Neurotherapy and the Neurosciences as a whole.
(5) Review the field experiments of Dr. Schneider combining EMDR with the "crossover point" in alpha-theta training and the possible therapeutic/ scientific synergies between EEG Brainmapping and neurotherapy on the one hand and the neurodevelopmental power therapies on the other.
Keywords: Energy Psychology Neurodevelopment Power Therapies
Accuracy Verified: Yes
442. Connor, P. K. (2005). Guideline-based programs in the treatment of complex PTSD. Deakin University, Victoria, Australia.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The term “post-traumatic stress disorder” (PTSD) is a relatively new diagnostic label, being formally recognized in 1980 in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual for Psychiatric Illness – Third Edition (DSM-III) of the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 1980). Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CP) is a more recently discussed, and newly-classified, phenomenon, initially discussed in the early 1990s (Herman, 1992a). Thus, as research into effective treatments for CP is sparse, the treatment of CP is the topic of this study, in which a guideline-based treatment program developed by the researcher for the treatment of CP is implemented and evaluated. Ten individuals participated in this study, undertaking individualized, guideline-based treatment programs spanning a period of six months. In providing background information relevant to this study, an explanation is provided regarding the nature of CP, and the reasons for its consideration as a separate phenomenon to PTSD. The adequacy of the PTSD formulation in enabling effective assessment and treatment of CP is also explored, with endorsement of previous researchers’ conclusions that the CP construct is more useful than the PTSD construct for assessing and treating survivors of long-term and multiple forms of abuse. The PTSD classification is restrictive, and not necessarily appropriate for certain forms of trauma (such as prolonged trauma, or multiple forms of trauma), as such trauma experiences may lead to specific effects that lay outside those formerly associated with PTSD. Such effects include alterations in affect regulation, consciousness, self-perception, interpersonal relationships, and in systems of meaning. Following discussion regarding the PTSD/CP classification, an examination of treatment methods currently used in the treatment of PTSD, and a review of treatment outcome studies, takes place. The adequacy of primary treatment methods in treating CP symptoms is then examined, with the conclusion that a range of treatment methods could potentially be useful in the treatment of CP symptoms. Individuals with a diagnosis of CP may benefit from the adoption of an eclectic approach, drawing on different treatment options for different symptoms, and constantly evaluating client progress and re-evaluating interventions. This review of treatment approaches is followed by details of an initial study undertaken to obtain feedback from individuals who had suffered long-term/multiple trauma and who had received treatment. Participants in this initial study were asked open-ended questions regarding the treatment approach they had experienced, the most useful aspect of the treatment, the least useful aspect, and other strategies/treatment approaches that may have been useful – but which were not used. The feedback obtained from these individuals was used to inform the development of treatment guidelines for use in the main study, as were recommendations made by Chu (1998). The predominant focus of the treatment guidelines was “ego strengthening”, a term coined by Chu (1998) to describe the “initial (sometimes lengthy) period of developing fundamental skills in maintaining supportive relationships, developing self-care strategies, coping with symptomatology, improving functioning, and establishing a positive self identity” (p.75). Using a case study approach, data are then presented relating to each of the ten individuals involved in the treatment program: details of his/her trauma experience(s)and the impact of the trauma (as perceived by each individual); details of each individual’s treatment program (as planned, and as implemented); post-treatment evaluation of the positive and negative aspects of the treatment program (from the therapist’s perspective); and details of the symptoms reported by the individual post-treatment, via psychometric assessment and also during interview. Analysis and discussion of the data relating to the ten participants in the study are the focal point of this study. The evaluation of the effectiveness of each individual’s treatment has been based predominantly on qualitative data, obtained from an analysis of language (discourse analysis) used by participants to describe their symptoms pre- and post-treatment. Both blatant and subtle changes in the language used by participants to describe themselves, their behaviour, and their relationships pre- and post-treatment have provided an insight into the possible changes that occurred as a result of the treatment program. The language used by participants has been a rich source of data, one that has enabled the researcher to obtain information that could not be obtained using psychometric assessment methods. Most of the participants in this study portrayed notable changes in many of the CP symptoms, including being more stable and having improved capacity to explore their early abuse. Although no direct cause-effect relationship between the participants’ treatment program and the improvements described can be established from this study, the participants’ perception that the program assisted them with their symptoms, and reported many aspects of “ego strengthening”, is of major importance. Such self-perception of strength and empowerment is important if an individual is going to be able to deal with past trauma experiences. In fact, abreactive work may have a greater chance of succeeding if those who have experienced long-term or multiple trauma are feeling more empowered, and more stable, as were the participants in this study (post-intervention). In concluding this study, recommendations have been made in regard to the use of guideline-based treatment programs in the responsible treatment of CP. Strengths and limitations of this study have also been highlighted, and recommendations have been made regarding possibilities for future research related to CP treatment. On the whole, this study has supported strongly other research that highlights the importance of focusing on “ego strengthening” in assisting those who have suffered long-term/multiple trauma experiences. Thus, a guideline-based program focusing on assisting sufferers of long-term trauma with some, or all, of the symptoms of CP, is recommended as an important first stage of any treatment of individuals who have experienced long-term/multiple trauma, allowing them to develop the emotional and psychological strength required to deal with past traumatic events. Clinicians who are treating patients whose history depicts long-term or multiple trauma experiences (either from their childhood, or at some stage in their adult life) need, therefore, to be mindful of assessing individuals for symptoms of CP – so that they can treat these symptoms prior to engaging in any work associated directly with the past traumatic experiences. [Author abstract]
D.H.Sc.(Psych.) thesis, School of Psychology.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
443. Courtois, C. (1997, January). Guidelines for the treatment of adults abused or possibly abused as children (with attention to issues of delayed/recovered memory). EMDRIA Newsletter, 2(3), 3-8.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
These guidelines provide practicing clinicians with information regarding psychotherapy with adults who: 1) disclose an abuse history (physical, sexual, emotional) at the beginning of therapy, 2) do not disclose abuse despite having knowledge and memory about such events in their past; 3) report new (delayed or recovered) memories of abuse during the course of therapy; and/or 4) suspect past abuse, but have no clear memories of having been abused. The most common clinical scenario involves an individual who has retained memory for past abuse, but recalls additional events or details during therapy. The less common scenario is for an individual to have totally absent any memory of abuse and to later develop highly detailed memory. Practitioners should expect a range of memory presentations and must work to neither suggest nor suppress abuse-related issues that arise in the course of therapy.
Keywords: Abuse Delayed Recovery Memory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
444. Tutarel-Kislak, S. (2004, December). Görme engelli bireyde göz hareketleriyle duyarsizlastirmave yeniden isleme tedavi yönteminin dize Hhafifçe vurma alternatifininuygulanmasi: Bir olgu sunumu [A knee tapping variant of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with a blind person: A case report]. Türk Psikoloji Yazilari, 7(14), 77-90.
Language: Turkish
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Bu çalışmada, Göz Hareketleriyle Duyarsızlaştırma ve Yeniden İşleme yaşlı, kör erkek üniversite öğrencisi bir 26 yıl kullanıldı. Onun görsel handikap nedeniyle, diz vurma işlemi EMDR alternatif olarak kullanılmaktadır. kardeşinin ölümünden sonra intihar girişiminde sonra müşteri bir kriz merkezinde tedavi oldu. Onun psikolojik sıkıntı (ve, görmek ve dokunmak onu morga zorla kardeşinin ölümünden sonra, örneğin, soğukluk ve koku ölüm vücudun hakkındaki duyumları) özel anıları ile ilgili, günlük yaşamda onu rahatsız etti. kardeşinin ölüm, intihar öyküsü, suçluluk, çaresizlik hakkında O'nun anıları ve düşüncelerini o diğerleri seans boyunca değerlendirildi hayal kırıklığına söyledi. Bilişsel-örgü tekniği de oturumları sırasında kullanılmıştır. Kısa Semptom Envanteri (KSE) ön ve son test ölçümleri olarak uygulanmıştır. üç ay kadar, bu BSI puanları genellikle indirdi olduğu bulunmuştur takip iki seans ve bir aylık ve sonra. Ayrıca, o onun kişisel gelişim bir ilerleme olduğunu bildirdi. Olgu bildirilmektedir bir kör kişi ile EMDR tekniğinin formu dokunarak diz ilk başarılı uygulama olduğunu anlamda ilginçti. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları travmatik görüntüleri canlılığını işitme nedeniyle ve kokulu o EMDR çalışmalarda olarak azalmış olacaktır dokunmadan gösterdi. Bu makalede ayrıca EMDR yöntemi ve etkinlik hakkında olumsuz sonuçlarını içermektedir. (PsycINFO Veritabanı Record (c) 2008 APA, tüm hakları saklıdır) (dergi soyut)
In this study, the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing was used with a 26 years old, blind male university student. Because of his visual handicap, knee tapping procedure has been used as an alternative to the EMDR. After his brother's death he attempted to suicide and then the client had a therapy in a crisis center. His psychological distress related to specific memories (e.g., after his brother's death, being forced to the morgue to see and touch him, and his sensations about coldness and scent of the death body) was bothering him in his daily life. His memories about his brother's death, suicidal history, guiltiness, helplessness, and his thoughts that he disappointed the others were evaluated throughout the sessions. Cognitive-weave technique was also utilized during the sessions. The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) was applied as a pre and post test measures. After the two sessions and one-month and three-month follow-up, it was found that the BSI scores were generally lowered. In addition, he reported that he had a progress in his personal growth. The case reported here was interesting in the sense that it was the first successful application of knee tapping form of the EMDR technique with a blind person. The results of this study showed that the vividness of traumatic images due to hearing, smelling and touching would be reduced as in the EMDR studies. This article also includes the negative results about EMDR method and its efficacy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)(from the journal abstract)
Keywords: Blind Clinical Case Study Knee Knee Tapping
Accuracy Verified: Yes
445. Staff. (1996, November). Hawaiian schools offer EMDR to students traumatized by hurricane. Brown University Child & Adolescent Behavior Letter, 12(11), 5.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Reports on the Hawaiian school's giving of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment (EMDR) to students traumatized by hurricane. Reasons for the recommendation of EMDR treatment; Statistic of students suffering from hurricane-related distress in Hawaii; Students' transformation after the treatment.[Academic Search Premier]
Keywords: Hawaii Hurricane Recent Events Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
446. Jayatunge, R. M. (2011, May). Healing combat trauma in Sri Lanka via EMDR. LankaWeb. Retrieved from http://www.lankaweb.com/news/items/2011/05/10/healing-combat-trauma-in-sri-lanka-via-emdr/ on 5/10/2011.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
The Sri Lankan society is hugely affected by combat related stress as a result of the 30 year armed conflict. Combatants as well as a large number of civilians including members of the LTTE have undergone a tremendous amount of war related stress for the last 3 decades. There had been large military operations where the combatants were directly exposed to hostile battle conditions. Following these traumatic combat events a considerable number of soldiers became psychologically wounded. Deplorably Psychological wounds of the Eelam war were not addressed appropriately. As a result of the armed conflict in Sri Lanka a callous wave of PTSD, Depression, Somatization, and Adjustment Disorders etc has been generated. Many cases are not yet diagnosed entirely and following the late reactions of combat trauma the numbers would be high. To heal the war trauma in Sri Lanka an effective psychotherapeutic method was needed. In 2005 the EMDR HAP trained Sri Lankan mental health clinicians to use EMDR to deal with psychological trauma. EMDR was effectively used to treat Sri Lankan combatants. Many of the EMDR sessions were conducted under the supervision of the EMDR HAP facilitators. Following these treatment the Sri Lankan combatants with PTSD and Depression showed positive therapeutic outcome. Their psychological distress reduced significantly. This article reveals the efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of four combatants with PTSD and two with Depressive Disorder. After 5 to 8 sessions of EMDR most of the veterans became free of their disturbing symptoms and today living productive lives.
Keywords: Combat Trauma Eelam War Sri Lanka