Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links
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Your Results - you searched for the keyword BLS 32 Results
1. 岡田太陽 越川房子 市井雅哉 [Okada Taiyo, Fusako Koshikawa, and Ichii Masaya]. (2006). 両側性の刺激が状態不安に与える効果 [Effects of bilateral stimulation of state anxiety]. 人間開発と臨床心理学、12、73から79のジャーナル [Journal of Human Development and Clinical Psychology, 12, 73-79].
Language: Japanese
Format: Journal
Keywords: Anxiety Bilateral Stimulation BLS
Accuracy Verified: Yes
2. Lawrence, M. A. (2004, November). Alternating bilateral stimulation as a treatment for dissociative phenomenology. Presentation at the annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, New Orleans, LA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS Dissociation
Accuracy Verified: No
3. Srivastava, U., & Mukhopadhyay, A. (2008, September). Application of EMDR in the treatment of major depressive disorder: A case study. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35(2), 163-172.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article presents a case study applying Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in major depressive disorder. The study describes the application of Shapiro’s Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model in the treatment of major depressive disorder and explores the use of EMDR with a 30 year old woman experiencing depressive symptoms with 3 suicidal attempts in 5 years. Due to strong negative reactions to psychiatric medicines, her treatment was discontinued several times and she was referred for psychotherapeutic intervention. After 9 EMDR treatment sessions, her depression was completely cured; her coping improved and other symptoms of anxiety and social withdrawal were completely controlled. Effects were checked and found maintained up to 6 months follow up. The clinical implications of application of EMDR have been explored.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Bilateral Stimulation BLS Case Study Depression EMs Eye Movements Major Depressive DIsorder Somatic Symptoms BHUJ experience.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4. van Deusen, K. M. (2004, Summer). Bilateral stimulation in EMDR: A replicated single-subject component analysis. the Behavior Therapist, 27(4), 79-86.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
This study attempted to determine whether the eye movement component of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) was necessary to account for positive treatment effects in subjects with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A single-subject alternating treatments design was replicated across four subjects to compare the effectiveness of EMDR with the effectiveness of a modified EMDR procedure in which the eyes remained in a natural state. The comparative procedure was chosen to eliminate the contribution of distraction and the addition of any other form of bilateral stimulation. The first hypothesis was supported. Subjects showed statistically significant pre- (baseline) to posttreatment improvement following EMDR and the modified EMDR procedure (without eye movements). The second hypothesis was not supported. While subjects significantly improved following both EMDR and the modified, without-eye-movements EMDR procedure, there were no statistically significant differences between treatments on within- or between-session measures. Instead, both treatments were found to be effective in reducing trauma and global symptoms in the four female subjects who participated in the study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS Empirical Study Quantitative Study Single-Subject Componnent Analysis
Accuracy Verified: Yes
5. Rossello-Mir, J., Revert-Vidal, X., Obrador, P., & Cardell, E. (2007, June). Brief EMDR protocol versus bilateral stimulation in the treatment of spider phobia. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR, that includes bilateral stimulation, causes the desensitization and reprocessing of traumatic memories, thus reducing anxiety, distress, fear, and other symptoms related with several anxiety disorders. Previous results show it is effective in reducing symptoms of PTSD, panic disorder, public speaking anxiety, etc. Relying on some previous results we think that a brief EMDR protocol could be applied to relieve symptoms of specific phobias.
To investigate this issue, we study the efficacy of a new brief EMDR protocol in the treatment of spider phobia. Furthermore, our design tries to clarify the controversy about which components of the EMDR procedure are relevant for patient’s improvement. More specifically, we compare the effectiveness of our brief procedures with that of simple bilateral stimulation that is, without eye movements, which necessity to obtain therapeutic outcome has been questioned.
We randomly assign twenty volunteers, female university students with spider phobia to one of three groups. We applied the brief EMDR protocol to the first one and bilateral stimulation to the second one, being the third group the control one. To assess the effectiveness of both treatments, in addition to apply traditional questionnaires, we designed a specific emotional Stroop task in order to make use of this tool to evaluate, before and after each treatment, the selective attentional biases, that seem to play an important role in the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. We discuss the differences found in our results in reference to the controversy aforementioned and how they can help to understand the EMDR mechanism of action.
Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS Brief EMDR Spider Phobia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
6. Popky, A. J. (2005). DeTUR, an urge reduction protocol for addictions and dysfunctional behaviors. In R. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR solutions: Pathways to healing (pp. 167-188). New York: W W Norton & Co.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The Desensitization of Triggers and Urge Reprocessing (DeTUR) model and the theories involved are based on experience from personal client observation and anecdotal reports received from other therapists using this same protocol. It is an eclectic model and combines many methodologies, including but not limited to cognitive-behavioral, solution-focused, Ericksonian hypnosis, narrative, object relations, and emotional freedom techniques (EFT), to name a few. The bilateral stimulation (BLS) in the accelerated information processing model of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) seems to form the catalyst for rapid processing and change, the turbocharger that speeds the healing process.This protocol represents only a small part of a complete treatment model. The therapist's role is that of a case manager, orchestrating any resources necessary to aid the patient through recovery and relapse to a successful and healthy state of functioning and coping. The therapist has to assess the severity of the addiction and also determine any other diagnosis associated with the case. This overall treatment model includes outside help, such as referrals for medication, testing for physical or neurological problems, and, depending on the situation, inpatient treatment, outpatient treatment, or detox. Other outside resources include support systems, such as 12-step groups, educational programs, skills training; couples, group, or family therapy; or acupuncture. Comorbidity issues, day-to-day stressors, and survival issues are addressed. An extremely high percentage of these populations are dually diagnosed and can therefore run the full dimensional spectrum of disorders and behaviors as described in the DSM-IV. [Text, pp. 167-168] [Pilots]
Keywords: Addiction Addictions Behavior Problems Behavior Therapy Bilateral Stimulation Compulsions Craving Desensitization of Triggers Dysfunctional Behaviors Information Processing Model Psychotherapeutic Techniques Urge Reduction Protocol
Accuracy Verified: Yes
7. Smith, G. (2004, September). Effectively applying 8 phases of EMDR to any age child or adolescent. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montreal, Quebec Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will provide a comprehensive system for effectively applying the eight phases of the EMDR protocol with any age client. Participants will learn: 1) Three critical components of effective EMDR Case Conceptualization with children; 2) Steps to take in the Preparation Phase to ensure optimal client safety and treatment effectiveness; 3) Age-based variations for doing BLS and obtaining the Picture, NC, PC, VOC, Emotions, SUDS, and Physical Sensations; 4) Strategies for facilitating optimal processing with children, including strategies for intervention when processing is blocked or looping; 5) Closure and reevaluation strategies for enhancing treatment effectiveness with children.
Keywords: 8 Phases Adolescents Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
8. Parker, A., Relph, S., & Dagnall, N. (2008, January). Effects of bilateral eye movements on the retrieval of item, associative, and contextual information. Neuropsychology, 22(1), 136-145. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.22.1.136.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Two experiments are reported that investigate the effects of saccadic bilateral eye movements on the retrieval of item, associative, and contextual information. Experiment 1 compared the effects of bilateral versus vertical versus no eye movements on tests of item recognition, followed by remember-know responses and associative recognition. Supporting previous research, bilateral eye movements enhanced item recognition by increasing the hit rate and decreasing the false alarm rate. Analysis of remember-know responses indicated that eye movement effects were accompanied by increases in remember responses. The test of associative recognition found that bilateral eye movements increased correct responses to intact pairs and decreased false alarms to rearranged pairs. Experiment 2 assessed the effects of eye movements on the recall of intrinsic (color) and extrinsic (spatial location) context. Bilateral eye movements increased correct recall for both types of context. The results are discussed within the framework of dual-process models of memory and the possible neural underpinnings of these effects are considered. [PsycINFO]
Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS Eye Movements
Accuracy Verified: Yes
9. Eliscu, D., & deGraffenried, D. (2009, August). EMDR group work in community mental health: engagement, stabilization, and preparation for treatment. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will address innovative EMDR group practice within an outpatient community mental health setting. As the poor, people of color, the disenfranchised, and multiply traumatized become our agency clients, clinicians are developing innovative, recovery oriented and solution based treatment models. Specific content to be reviewed will include a revolving five-session, time limited group model, teaching the theory of EMDR in a group setting, helping clients to recognize affect, use of limited BLS in group sessions, evaluative client solution based satisfaction scaling questions, and flexible group composition. Client videos will be shown to explore client feedback, satisfaction, and how the group process has supported and enhanced their recovery.
Keywords: Community Mental Health Group Work
Accuracy Verified: Yes
10. Purandare, M., Bhagwagar, H., & Tank, P. (2010, July). EMDR on children affected by the earthquake. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Efficacy of EMDR on Children Affected by Earthquake: The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of EMDR as an
intervention technique for trauma victims. A sample of 50 students, studying in 10th grade, age ranging from 14 to 16 years
were selected. The Impact of Event Scale (IES) was administered to measure the intensity of trauma experienced. A pre-post
test research design was used in the study. The results were in the predicted direction. EMDR was found to be effective in
reducing avoidance, intrusion and hyper arousal as well as overall impact of trauma.
“Group EMDR With Earthquake Survivors”
The current study is an attempt to understand the impact of a specific traumatic events and its expression in children i.e. the
earthquake that occurred in Gujarat, Western India in January 2001.
This study was a part of the therapy work conducted with the survivors of the earthquake by the group of 40 practitioners
from Mumbai and was over 4 months.
The paper will present the following aspects:
1. The symptoms seen among the children depicting PTSD as per DSM IV criteria. Signs of Hyper-arousal, Avoidance and
Intrusion were clearly seen especially in children
2. The process used. This was a modified version of the standard 8 phase protocol appropriate for use with group work.
Butterfly hugs were used as BLS. Stages of EMDR for this group:
3. Observations and a few unique experiences
These include blocking of trauma image, difficulty in safe place visualizing, difficulty in distancing and using creative
techniques for soothing and relaxation.
4. Impact of the EMDR intervention with this group
More than 16000 children from about 30 schools were seen. based on observations and reports by teachers during the
follow up showed reduction in anxiety, reports of life resembling pre-earthquake, improved attention and concentration,
better sleeping patterns and lowering of somatic complaints.
Impact and expression of trauma in children exposed to the earthquake: The current study is an attempt to understand
the impact of a specific traumatic event and its expression in children i.e. the earthquake that occurred in Gujarat, western
India in January 2001. The Butterfly hug technique for bilateral stimulation was used following 8 steps of EMDR. Drawings
of children were used as their expressions during different phases of EMDR. Drawings during “ Assessment phase” depicted
feelings of insecurity, a sense of vacuum and emptiness, low energy levels, a desire for contact and help, feelings of guilt, poor
body image, hypersensitivity was noticed almost universally and even during therapy. Drawings, following the processing
and installation phases indicated the facial expression changed to a smile. Tears which were present in almost all drawings
were not noted Positive cognitions were reflected in terms of the growth and freshness e.g. the newly growing grass. In spite
of the various symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder, no gross disintegration of personality had been noted.
Keywords: Children Earthquake
Accuracy Verified: Yes
11. Hornsveld, H. (2008, Maart). EMDR werkt! Maar hoe? [EMDR works! But how?]. Presentatie op de derde conferentie van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Ede, Nederland.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Het leidt geen enkele twijfel dat EMDR een effectieve behandelvorm is. EMDR is opgenomen in de guidelines van de International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) waarbij zowel EMDR als Imaginaire Exposure (IE) als ‘treatment of choice’ bij de behandeling van PTSS gelden. Ook in de Nederlandse GGZ-richtlijnen (Trimbos Instituut, 2003) worden EMDR en imaginaire exposure (IE) genoemd als superieure behandelvormen voor PTSS. Rechtstreekse vergelijking van CGt en EMDR leverde echter wisselende resultaten op. Over het geheel genomen kan worden gesteld dat wat betreft effectiviteit er geen duidelijk verschil is vastgesteld tussen CGt en EMDR.
Dit is opvallend, omdat de procedures en de veronderstelde werkingsmechanismen bij IE en EMDR duidelijk verschillen. Bij IE wordt reliving essentieel geacht en bij EMDR distancing. Hier is echter nog nauwelijks expliciet onderzoek naar gedaan; het meeste onderzoek heeft zich tot nu toe gericht op de effectiviteit van EMDR en op de rol van de BLS. In deze presentatie zullen drie eigen experimenten worden besproken die worden uitgevoerd met masterstudenten van de Universiteit Utrecht naar het effect van reliving versus distancing. Het onderzoek bouwt voort op het werk van de Chris Lee en zijn collega’s. (Lee et al 2006)
In het onderzoek worden 3 experimenten uitgevoerd, waarbij de variabele distancing en reliving worden gevarieerd. Verondersteld wordt (vanuit de EMDR visie) dat responses tijdens de desensitisatiefase, die getuigen van distancing leiden tot meer verbetering dan responses die getuigen van reliving. Een tweede onderzoeksvraag die wij beogen te beantwoorden is of dit verschil groter is voor narigheid uit het domein “zelfwaardering” dan voor narigheid uit het “domein controle en machteloosheid”. Een derde onderzoeksvraag betreft de vraag of een verhoogde parasympatische (arousal onderdrukkende) activiteit (een reeds aangetoond effect van BLS) samengaat met veranderingen in SUD-niveau en levendigheid van de herinneringen.
De workshop is bedoeld voor therapeuten die geďnteresseerd zijn in de achtergronden van EMDR. Op zo eenvoudig mogelijke wijze zal een overzicht worden gegeven van de “state of the art” met betrekking tot de veronderstelde werkingsmechanismen. Dit zal worden geďllustreerd met bovengenoemd onderzoek en videomateriaal. Aan het eind van de workshop zal de therapeut zijn cliënten en collega’s iets meer kunnen zeggen dan “ dat EMDR de verwerking stimuleert door de linker en de hersenhelften beter te laten samenwerken, waardoor gevoel en verstand beter met elkaar verbonden raken.”
There is no doubt that EMDR is an effective form of treatment. EMDR is included in the guidelines of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) where both EMDR and imaginal exposure (IE) as treatment of choice in the treatment of PTSD are. Also in the Dutch mental health care directives (Trimbos Institute, 2003) are EMDR and imaginal exposure (IE) identified as superior forms of treatment for PTSD. Direct comparison of CBT and EMDR yielded mixed results, however. Overall it can be stated that in terms of effectiveness there is no clear difference observed between CBT and EMDR.
This is striking because the procedures and mechanisms assumed by IE and EMDR markedly different. When IE is reliving considered essential to EMDR and distancing. There is still little research has been done explicitly, most research has hitherto focused on the effectiveness of EMDR and the role of the BLS. This presentation will discuss three own experiments conducted with master students of the University of Utrecht to the effect of relieving versus distance. The research builds on the work of Chris Lee and his colleagues. (Lee et al 2006)
In the study, three experiments, with variable distancing and reliving be varied. It is assumed (from the EMDR vision) that responses during desensitisatiefase, evidence of distancing lead to more improvement than responses that show reliving. A second research question we seek to answer is whether this difference is in trouble from the domain "esteem" than for trouble from the "domain control and powerlessness". A third research question concerns whether an increased parasympathetic (arousal suppressive) activity (an effect already demonstrated BLS) is associated with changes in SUD level and vividness of the memories.
The workshop is designed for therapists interested in the backgrounds of EMDR. In the simplest possible manner, an overview of the state of the art "regarding the supposed mechanisms of action. This will be illustrated with the above study and video material. At the end of the workshop, the therapist will have clients and colleagues can say little more than "that EMDR stimulates the processing by the left and the brain work better together, making sense and intellect more interrelated."
Accuracy Verified: Yes
12. Carere-Comes, T. (2001, Augusto). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Stimolazione bilaterale e integrazione psicoterapeutica [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Bilateral stimulation and integration of psychotherapy]. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 7(2), 143.
Language: Italian
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Non disponibile astratto.
No abstract available.
Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS Integration Psychotherapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
13. Dekker, A. (2001, June). Eye to eye? Bilateral stimulation in cross-cultural context. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will be able to: 1) identify cross-cultural healing practices that incoporate bilateral stimilation; 2) describe relevant research studies; and 3) identiy guildeines for the development of culturally sensitive applications of EMDR.
Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS Cultural Healing Practices
Accuracy Verified: Yes
14. Kiessling, R. (2006, September). From BLS to EMDR: Treating survivors of trauma, natural disaster, and combat along a time and stability continuum. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: T
he Comprehensive treatment protocols and
treatment outcomes of EMDR have been well
researched and documented. The calming effects
of bilateral stimulation (BLS) and its impact on
having images fade have also been documented.
Consequently, there are many situations where
stabilization and symptom reduction may be appropriate and/or necessary, such as trauma from
terrorism, natural disasters and combat. This workshop will discuss a number of Bilateral
Stimulation (BLS) interventions along a time and client stability continuum. Participants will learn and hone their skills using a number of
stabilization and symptom reduction interventions
through lecture, video and live demonstration, as
well as small group practice of these more
truncated, target specific, symptom
desensitization protocols. Additionally,
participants will understand when to select these
interventions in preparing the client for the
comprehensive EMDR treatment protocols.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
15. Panseri, L. (2001, Augusto). L'integrazione delle stimolazioni bilaterali alternate nel processo terapeutico: Alcune riflessioni [The integration of alternating bilateral stimulation in the therapeutic process: Some reflections]. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 7(2), 159.
Language: Italian
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Non disponibile astratto.
No abstract available.
Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS
Accuracy Verified: Yes
16. Glans, E., & Dahlberg, U. O. (2004). Minne efter pĺverkan, Bilateral stimulering och dess effekt pĺ episodiskt minne [Memory after impact: Bilateral stimulation and its effect on episodic memory]. Umeĺ Universiter, Institutionen för psykologi Psykologprogrammet.
Language: Swedish
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Ett kognitivt minnesexperiment med mellangruppsdesign genomfördes i syfte att undersöka
auditiv bilateral stimulerings inverkan pĺ episodiskt minne. Bakgrunden till
studien var att mĺnga kliniska iakttagelser gjorts i den psykoterapeutiska behandlingsmetoden
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, (EMDR) angĺende
den bilaterala stimuleringens effekt pĺ minnesprocesser. Frĺgeställningen var: Har
auditiv bilateral stimulering nĺgon positiv effekt pĺ det episodiska minnet? Ett randomiserat
urval bestĺende av 110 universitetsstuderande försökspersoner (55 kvinnor
och 55 män), jämnt fördelade över fem grupper, i ĺldrarna 19-46 ĺr, deltog. Auditivt
stimulus gavs i fyra av grupperna. Den beroende variabeln var episodiskt minnesprestation
och mättes med hjälp av meningstest och ordtest. Nĺgon generell effekt av
bilateral stimulering pĺ episodiskt minne kunde inte pĺvisas. Bilateralt stimuli vid
inlärning visade dock pĺ signifikanta resultat avseende minnesprestation i förhĺllande
till de tvĺ grupper som erhöll bilateralt stimuli vid ĺtergivning. Signifikans erhölls
även avseende prestation i förhĺllande till försökspersonernas upplevelse av stimulus.
Resultaten diskuterades utifrĺn försökspersonernas upplevelse av stimulus samt inflytande
av arousal. Avsaknad av emotionella komponenter, som i förlängningen bidragit
till skillnader i minnesprocessande, antogs vara huvudsaklig förklaring till utebliven
positiv effekt av bilateral stimulering.
A cognitive memory experiment with between group design was conducted to investigate the
auditory bilateral stimulation effect on the episode of animal memory. The background to
study was that many clinical observations made in the psychotherapeutic treatment
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) regarding
bilateral stimulation effect on memory processes. The issue was: Did
auditory bilateral stimulation a positive effect on the episodic memory? A randomized
sample of 110 university student volunteers (55 women
and 55 males), evenly distributed over five groups, aged 19-46 years, participated. Audi TIVE
stimulus was given in four groups. The dependent variable was episode-Semitic memory performance
and measured with the help of meaningful test and ordtest. A general effect of
bilateral stimulation of episode animal memory could not be demonstrated. Bilateral stimuli at
learning, however, showed the significant results relating to memory performance in relation
to the two groups who received bilateral stimulation at reproducing. Significance was obtained
including performance in relation to the trial subject's experience of stimulus.
The results are discussed from the trial subject's experience of stimulus and the influence
of arousal. Lack of emotional components, which ultimately contributed
to differences in memory processing, was adopted as the primary explanation for non -
positive effect of bilateral stimulation.
Keywords: Auditory Bilateral Stimulation BLS Episodic Memory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
17. Bergmann, U. (2008). The neurobiology of EMDR: Exploring the thalamus and neural integration. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(4), 300-314. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.4.300.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Recent neuroimaging studies on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have revealed a consistent decrease
in thalamic activity, relative to non-PTSD controls. Empirical studies of the past decade have
shown the thalamus to be centrally involved in the integration of perceptual, somatosensory, memorial,
and cognitive processes (thalamo-cortical-temporal binding). A theoretical model is proposed to suggest
that one underlying mechanism of EMDR stimulation (dual-attention stimulation/bilateral stimulation
[DAS/BLS] ) is thalamic activation, specifi cally of the ventrolateral and central-lateral nuclei. It is hypothesized
that this may facilitate the repair and integration of somatosensory, memorial, cognitive, frontal
lobe and synchronized hemispheric functions that are disrupted in PTSD.
Keywords: 40-Hz Gamma-Band Activity (GBA) Neural Oscillation Thalamo-Cortical-Temporal Binding Thalamus
Accuracy Verified: Yes
18. Vojtova, H., & Hasto, J. (2009). Neurobiology of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Activitas Nervosa Superior, 51(3), 98-102.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing represents a promising approach to treatment of posttraumatic disord-ers. The specific factors underlying its effectiveness rely particularly on bilateral stimulation, which seems to provoke a specific neurobiological response during traumatic recall particularly in individuals with PTSD. The empirical findings provide evidence for the effect of BLS on autonomic nervous system shifting the balance towards parasympathetic acti-vation (reducing arousal) as well as the effect on subjectively perceived vividness and emotional burden of autobiograph-ic memories (decrease). The most credible hypotheses derive the effects from neurobiological mechanisms employed in dual focus attention, orienting reflex and REM sleep. Further research is needed to explore the processes included in the EMDR therapy in more detail and clarify the role of bilateral stimulation.
Keywords: Brain Dissociation Neurobiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Psychotherapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
19. Bergmann, U. (2009, June). Neurobiology of information processing. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Given that EMDR originated as an empirically driven method, there has been a persistent need for a more defined theoretical and neurobiological model of EMDR's reported robust effects. This presentation will synthesize the existing research on information processing, as well as memorial, perceptual, cognitive and somatosensorial integration. Specific attention will be given to recent empirical findings, involving the hippocampus and thalamus in information processing and integration. EMDR’s DAS/BLS will be shown to activate REM-systems, as well as areas of the thalamus and frontal lobes, reduced in activation by PTSD, thereby allowing for the repair of perceptual, cognitive, memorial, somatosensory and inter-hemispheric functioning.
Keywords: Neurobiology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
20. Bergmann, U. (2009, August). The neurobiology of information processing and EMDR: Recent findings and insights. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Given that EMDR originated as an empirically driven method, there has been a persistent need for a more defined theoretical and neurobiological model of EMDR's reported robust effects. This presentation will synthesize the existing research on information processing, as well as memorial, perceptual, cognitive and somatosensorial integration. Specific attention will be given to recent empirical findings, involving the hippocampus and thalamus in information processing and integration. EMDR’s DAS/BLS will be shown to activate REM-systems, as well as areas of the thalamus and frontal lobes, reduced in activation by PTSD, thereby allowing for the repair of perceptual, cognitive, memorial, somatosensory and inter-hemispheric functioning.
Keywords: Neurobiology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
21. Wilson, D. (1999, June). An orienting response model for EMDR: Research, clinical applications, and new instrumentation. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will learn about: 1) the Orienting Response (OR) interpretation of EMDR phenomena, the relationship of the OR to sleep and dream research, affect theory, and information processing; 2) research into the effects of variations of stimuli in EMDR applications with respect to modality (audio, visual, tactile), speed, complexiity, and content on measures of autonomic functioning, relaxation, information processing, and memory; 3) the implications of this research for clinical applications of EMDR; and 4) new instrumentation for implementing new treatment approaches.
Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS Dream Research Modality Orienting Response Sleep
Accuracy Verified: Yes
22. Kahn, D. (2008, November). PAA: Positive affect activation, addition to/modification of phase 6 of the standard EMDR protocol. Israel EMDR. Retrieved from http://www.emdr.org.il/dls/eyes2body.swf on 8/12/2010.
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
It is suggested that when we receive a clean body scan, before we continue on to closure, we elicit positive affect and body activation that may currently be associated with the target and install with BLS. Following this we would return to the standard protocol with closure. The rationale for this is presented along with the introduction of an additional scale of SUPAs – Subjective Units of Positive Activation.
Keywords: PAA Positive Affect Activation Shock Wave Flash
Accuracy Verified: Yes
23. Hasto, J., & Vojtova, H. (2012). Posttraumatická stresová porucha, bio-psycho-sociálne aspekty EMDR a autogénny tréning pri pretrvávajúcom ohrození: Prípadová stúdia [Post-traumatic stress disorder, bio-psycho-social aspects of EMDR and autogenic training with ongoing risk: A case study]. (1.vyd) Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci.
Language: Slovak
Format: Book
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desenzibilizácia a prepracovanie predstavuje sľubný prístup k liečbe poúrazových porúch. Medzi špecifické faktory, z ktorých jej účinnosť spoliehajú predovšetkým na bilaterálnej stimulácie, ktorá ako sa zdá, vyvolať špecifickú neurobiological odpoveď počas traumatické odvolanie najmä u jedincov s PAS. Empirické poznatky poskytujú dôkazy o vplyve BLS na autonómneho nervového systému dosiahnuť rovnováhu smerom aktivácia parasympatiku (zníženie vzrušenie), ako aj vplyv na subjektívne vnímanú živosťou a emocionálne záťaž z autobiographic pamätí (pokles). Najdôveryhodnejší hypotézy odvodiť účinky z neurobiologických mechanizmov pracujúcich v duálnom zamerať pozornosť, orientujúca reflex a REM spánok. Ďalší výskum je potrebné preskúmať procesy zahrnuté v terapii EMDR podrobnejšie a objasniť úlohu bilaterálne stimulácie. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, všetky práva vyhradené)
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing represents a promising approach to treatment of posttraumatic disorders. The specific factors underlying its effectiveness rely particularly on bilateral stimulation, which seems to provoke a specific neurobiological response during traumatic recall particularly in individuals with PTSD. The empirical findings provide evidence for the effect of BLS on autonomic nervous system shifting the balance towards parasympathetic activation (reducing arousal) as well as the effect on subjectively perceived vividness and emotional burden of autobiographic memories (decrease). The most credible hypotheses derive the effects from neurobiological mechanisms employed in dual focus attention, orienting reflex and REM sleep. Further research is needed to explore the processes included in the EMDR therapy in more detail and clarify the role of bilateral stimulation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Autonomic Nervous System Bilateral Stimulation Neurobiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD REM Sleep
Accuracy Verified: Yes
24. Stern, L. L., & Grey, E. (2010, September/October). A recipe for health: Combining expressive arts with EMDR in the treatment of eating disorders. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Minneapolis, MN.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Eating-disordered clients begin treatment with a series of
unique and specific behavioral symptoms such as binge
eating, bingeing and purging, starving themselves, or overexercising,
that impede progress when using purely verbal
therapies. The research team has found that the
combination of expressive arts techniques and EMDR
treatment can be highly effective in overcoming these
impediments. This poster will briefly review basic
knowledge and practice concerning the major eating
disorders and their etiologies. We will then describe our
therapeutic process that combines expressive arts with
EMDR. This process includes (1) preparation of the client
for EMDR treatment through the use of expressive arts
techniques done in between sessions at home, (2) the use
of client drawing and writing as targets when they appear
to be a useful tool, (3) the use of a mirror exercise with
BLS as a resourcing tool to address, desensitize and help
the client reformulate body image distortion and body
hatred, and (4) the reiniorcement of gains from
reprocessing through the use of expressive techniques
throughout treatment. This poster describes these
additions to and modifications of the EMDR protocol with
expressive arts techniques, as well as the results of a pilot
experiment that compares outcomes for clients treated
with expressive arts approaches, with and without EMDR.
Keywords: Eating Disorders Expressive Arts Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
25. Giovannozzi, G. (2012, June). Regulated eye contact activation and installation protocol [Regulación de la activación del contacto ocular y protocolo de instalación]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Porges’
polyvagal
theory
provides
a
plausible
explanation
for
the
covariation
between
psychiatric
and
behavioral
disorders
and
the
atypical
regulation
of
the
Autonomic
Nervous
System
(ANS).
Porges
himself
associated
this
phenomenon
with
the
failed
maturation
of
the
ventrovagal
circuit,
as
well
as
with
the
child’s
failure
to
learn
the
ability
to
modulate
the
so-‐called
“vagal
break”
which
keeps
the
heart-‐rate
low
and
inhibits
the
influence
of
the
SNS,
allowing
the
modulation
of
the
facial
and
head
muscles
and,
therefore,
the
social
engagement
function,
often
impaired
in
psychiatric
pathologies.
From
a
psychotherapy
standpoint,
Porges’
finding
that
the
maturation
of
the
ventrovagal
circuit
and
of
its
associated
braking
function
occurs
ontogenetically
later
than
that
of
other
ANS
branches
(last
months
of
pregnancy
and
first
year
of
life)
and
that
a
good
relation
with
the
caregiver
is
essential
for
its
development
is
of
significant
importance.
In
this
dyad
–
with
the
cortical-‐bulbar
pathway,
sufficiently
myelinated
at
birth,
regulating
face
and
head
muscles
and
allowing
signals
exchange
with
the
caregiver
–
children
learn
to
confront
their
internal
states
and
the
environment
as
well
as
regulate
their
emotions,
regulating
an
adaptive
neuroception
with
the
consequent
possibility
of
a
good
social
involvement.
This
focus
on
the
first
year
of
life
and
the
caregiver
–
child
dyad,
in
terms
of
time
and
place
for
the
construction
of
biologically
based
behaviors
common
to
all
human
beings,
paves
the
way,
as
anticipated
by
Porges
himself,
for
new
possible
intervention
models
in
psychotherapy
directly
acting
on
the
missed
or
impaired
steps
in
this
first
phase
of
the
psycho-‐physiological
development
process,
without
disregarding
its
psychobiological
quality.
Clinical
Application
Since
I
believe
that
the
inter-‐brain
perspective
is
the
most
efficient
not
only
for
the
etiological
explanation
but
especially
for
the
restoration
of
relational
impairments
occurred
during
brain-‐brain
interactions,
I
chose
eye
contact
(EC),
because,
according
to
several
scholars,
it
is
a
privileged
communication
channel,
in
particular
between
mother
and
child.
Several
scholars
agree
that
all
forms
of
psychopathology
share
a
failure
in
emotional
regulation,
which
can
be
mostly
traced
back
to
the
failure
in
the
child-‐
caregiver
adaptive
tuning
and
therefore
to
the
impairment
of
their
inter-‐brain
communication.
An
intervention
on
the
EC
shifts
the
therapy
focus
on
this
dysregulation
to
restore
its
functions.
The
EMDR
AIP
approach
relies
on
the
brain
adaptive
processing
ability.
EMDR
has
proved,
in
appropriate
conditions
(good
therapeutic
alliance,
client
stabilization,
compliance
with
the
EMDR
protocol),
our
brain
can
repair
traumatic
injuries,
i.e.,
reacquire
and
use
information
dysfunctionally
stored
after
a
trauma.
Successful
use
of
EMDR
on
target
not
directly
traceable
to
a
traumatic
event
(e.g.,
defenses,
chronic
pain,
etc.)
allows
for
the
possibility
to
use
this
processing
tool
in
increasingly
broad
fields
and
refines
its
resources.
Thanks
to
its
three-‐pronged
approach
to
dysfunctionally
stored
information
in
the
brain
(EMDR
works
on
the
cognitive,
emotional
and
somatic
level),
the
inter-‐brain
quality
of
its
scope
(the
therapeutic
alliance
is
part
of
the
healing
process)
and
for
its
focus
on
the
present
(EMDR
works
on
the
present,
i.e.,
on
the
current
and
active
components
of
the
pathogenetic
memory,
bypassing
all
mediations
and
interpretation),
EMDR
seemed
the
most
appropriate
therapeutic
tool
to
intervene
on
the
EC
dysregulation
found
in
several
psychiatric
pathologies.
Conclusion
An
EMDR
protocol
for
the
exploration
and
modulation
of
the
EC
is
proposed.
This
protocol
proved
particularly
useful
with
depressed
or
severely
dissociative
clients.
After
making
clients
aware
of
their
difficulty
in
maintaining
the
EC,
they
are
retrained
to
use
this
contact
first
on
objects,
then
on
animals
(excellent
mediators
of
a
primitive
form
of
social
contact)
until
they
are
able
to
achieve
eye
contact
with
the
therapist.
During
this
training,
clients
are
encouraged
to
become
aware
of
their
body
sensations,
emotions
and
beliefs,
and
the
positive
ones
are
installed
with
BLS.
Memories
of
relational
situations
where
clients
identify
an
impaired
EC
are
identified
and
these
are
targeted
with
the
standard
protocol.
The
focus
then
shifts
to
present
and
future
situations.
The
regulation
purpose
of
this
protocol
affects
the
application
mode:
interventions
must
never
be
dysregulating,
therapists
must
proceed
slowly.
Clients
must
be
rigorously
kept
within
their
window
of
tolerance,
must
be
trained
to
recognize
it
and
able
of
staying
within
its
boundaries
with
respect
to
the
microregulation
of
the
EC.
La
teoría
polivagal
de
Porges
proporciona
una
explicación
plausible
para
la
covariación
entre
los
trastornos
psiquiátricos
comportamentales
y
la
regulación
atípica
del
sistema
nervioso
autónomo
(ANS).
El
propio
Porgues
asoció
este
fenómeno
con
el
fallo
de
maduración
del
circuito
ventrovagal,
por
tanto
el
nińo
falla
al
aprender
una
habilidad
también
llamada
“bloqueo
vagal”,
que
mantiene
la
tasa
cardiaca
baja
e
inhibe
la
influencia
del
SNS,
permitiendo
la
modulación
de
los
músculos
faciales
y
la
cabeza,
y
por
tanto,
la
función
optima
del
compromiso
social,
a
menudo
emparejada
con
patologías
psiquíatricas.
Partiendo
desde
un
punto
de
vista
psicoterapéutico,
Porges
encontró
que
la
maduración
del
circuito
ventrovagal
y
su
asociación
con
la
función
de
frenado
ocurre
ontogenéticamente
después
que
otras
ramas
del
sistema
nervioso
autónomo
(Los
últimos
meses
del
embarazo
y
los
primeros
ańos
de
vida)
y
que
una
buena
relación
con
el
cuidador
es
esencial
para
su
desarrollo
es
significativamente
importante.
En
esta
línea
–
con
vía
córtico-‐bulbar,
lo
suficientemente
mielinizada
en
el
nacimiento,
regulando
los
músculos
de
la
cara
y
la
cabeza
y
permitiendo
seńales
de
intercambio
con
el
cuidador-‐
Los
nińos
aprenden
a
estar
cómodos
con
sus
estados
internos
y
con
un
ambiente
que
también
regula
sus
emociones,
regular
una
neurorecepción
con
la
consecuente
posibilidad
de
una
buena
integración
social.
Centrándonos
en
el
primer
ańo
de
vida
del
nińo
y
el
cuidador
–
La
pareja
de
nińos,
en
términos
de
tiempo
y
lugar
para
la
construcción
biológica
fundamentada
y
basada
en
todos
los
seres
humanos,
allana
el
camino,
como
anticipó
Porges,
para
nuevos
modelos
de
intervención
en
psicoterapia,
actuando
directamente
con
el
paso
perdido
o
afectado
de
esta
primera
fase
del
proceso
de
desarrollo
psicofisiológico,
sin
tener
en
cuenta
su
calidad
psicobiológica.
Aplicación
Clínica.
Desde
que
creó
que
la
perspectiva
del
cerebro
interior,
continúa
siendo
la
más
eficiente
no
solo
para
desarrollar
explicaciones
etiológicas,
también
para
la
restauración
de
los
desajustes
relacionados
ocurridos
durante
las
interacciones
cerebro-‐cerebro.
Escogí
contacto
visual
(ECE),
porque,
de
acuerdo
con
numerosos
investigadores,
es
un
privilegiado
canal
de
comunicación,
particularmente
eficaz
entre
una
madre
y
su
hijo.
Numerosos
profesionales
afirman
que
todas
las
formas
de
psicopatología
comparten
una
fallo
en
la
regulación
emocional,
que
solo
puede
crear
un
error
en
el
la
comunicación
interna
del
cerebro.
Esta
intervención
en
el
EC
modifica
la
terapia
y
la
centra
en
la
desregulación
y
la
restauración
de
funciones.
El
enfoque
EMDR
SPIA
está
basado
en
la
habilidad
de
procesamiento
de
la
información
relevante,
EMDR
ha
sido
probado
en
condiciones
idóneas
(buena
alianza
terapéutica,
estabilización
de
la
queja
del
cliente
disgustado
con
el
EMDR.).
Keywords: Installation Protocol Regulated Eye Contact Activation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
26. Schmidt, S. J. (1999, March). Resource-focused EMDR: Integration of ego state therapy, alternating bilateral stimulation, and art therapy. EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(1), 8, 10-13, 25-28.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
I conceptualize EMDR as the process of linking the trauma from one part of the brain to a solution in
another part of the brain, to reach an adaptive resolution. The standard EMDR protocol proposes
accomplishing this by focusing heavily on the trauma. Most of my clients are adult survivors of
childhood trauma and their tolerance of a trauma-focused protocol is often low. I wondered if the
same adaptive resolution could be accomplished by focusing primarily on the part of the brain
holding the solution rather than the trauma. I recently began developing a resource-focused
protocol, which borrows from Sandra Paulsen’s (1994, 1995, & 1996) suggestions for integrating
EMDR with ego state therapy, and Andrew Leeds’ (1997) protocol for resource development and
resource installation (RD/RI). This new protocol puts significant emphasis on developing and
strengthening the felt sense of well-being connected to resource ego states before EMDR processing,
and maintenance of the sense of well-being during EMDR processing. It involves using the clients’
drawings of resource ego states and traumatized ego states (drawn with the dominant and nondominant
hand) as anchors for ego state processing, and as the focal points in eye movements (EMs).
In this protocol, traumatic material is elicited only when sufficient internal resources, represented by
drawings, are displayed in front of the client. The intention of this approach is to minimize risk of
affect overwhelm and maximize the probability that the part of the brain holding the trauma will link
to the part of the brain holding the solution.
In my experience the resource-focused protocol
Keywords: Art Therapy Bilateral Stimulation BLS Ego State Therapy Resource-Focused EMDR
Accuracy Verified: Yes
27. Maxfield, L., Manfield, P., Renssen, M. R., Smyth, N., Servan-Schreiber, D., & Bartone, P. M. (2001, June). The role of eye movements and other bilateral stimulation in EMDR. In R. Greenwald (Chair), Research Symposium II. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
After a decade of treatment outcome research on EMDR, its effectivensss in the treatment of PTSD is no longer in question. However, the role of eye movements and bilateral stimulation, in general, remain controversial. Critics of EMDR hold that EMDR is simply cognitive behavioral treatment repackaged. Proponents of EMDR counter that much of the component analyses research on EMDR has been flawed and that several studies suggest the importance of eye movements. This panel symposium will explore the current status of the research on the importance of eye ovements and other bliateral stimulation in EMDR treatment. The research on this topic, to date, will be summarized and then the results of three studies investigating the role of bilateral stimulation will be presented. The symposium will conclude with a discussion of the key questions for future research.
Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS Eye Movement Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
28. van den Hout, M. A., Rijkeboer, M. M., Engelhard, I. M., Klugkist, I., Hornsveld, H., Toffolo, M. J. B., & Cath, D. C. (2012, May). Tones inferior to eye movements in the EMDR treatment of PTSD. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(5), 275-279. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.02.001.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). During EMDR, patients make eye movements (EMs) while recalling traumatic memories, but recently therapists have replaced EMs by alternating beep tones. There are no outcome studies on the effects of tones. In an earlier analogue study, tones were inferior to EMs in the reduction of vividness of aversive memories. In a first EMDR session, 12 PTSD patients recalled trauma memories in three conditions: recall only, recall + tones, and recall + EMs. Three competing hypotheses were tested: 1) EMs are as effective as tones and better than recall only, 2) EMs are better than tones and tones are as effective as recall only, and 3) EMs are better than tones and tones are better than recall only. The order of conditions was balanced, each condition was delivered twice, and decline in memory vividness and emotionality served as outcome measures. The data strongly support hypothesis 2 and 3 over 1: EMs outperformed tones while it remained unclear if tones add to recall only. The findings add to earlier considerations and earlier analogue findings suggesting that EMs are superior to tones and that replacing the former by the latter was premature.
Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS EMs Eye Movements Tones
Accuracy Verified: Yes
29. Grand, D. (2002, June). Treating survivors of the World Trade Center disaster with natural flow EMDR resorting. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Since the 9/11 attack, EMDR clinicians have been treating hypertraumatized clients aided by the Natural Flow EMDR model. This resourcing approach uses dilution of SUDS with positive body sensations, modified eye movements, continuous auditory BLS, and self-administered tactile processing. This model draws from the creative flow of EMDR processing with "essential listening" and "no assumptions" leading to the clients' "essential truths" and healing resolution.
Keywords: 9/11 Disasters Natural Flow EMDR September 11th World Trade Center
Accuracy Verified: Yes
30. Diegelmann, C., & Isermann, M. (2011, July). Trust: Activating positive emotions in patients facing cancer or death. Poster presented at the 2nd World Congress on Positive Psychology, Philadelphia PA..
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Trust interventions focus on strengthening resilience and prevent clients from being flooded by uncontrollable ideas. They include working with imagination, metaphors, symbols and artwork and cognitions. Bilateral stimulation (BLS), an element of EMDR therapy is used for: 1) resource installation and anchoring, 2)reducing distress, 3) creating new chains of associations, 4) finding new perspectives. Trust interventions aim to: 1) bring the brain back from fear made into a a state of balance, 2) draw attention to concrete [new] experiences, 3) discover and strengthen subjective and objective resources in everyday life, 4) identify and, if required, change evaluation processes and attitudes.
Keywords: Cancer Positive Emotions Trust
Accuracy Verified: Yes
31. Barbieri, J. L. (2008, April). The URGES approach: Urge reduction by growing ego strength (URGES) for trauma/addiction treatment using alternate bilateral stimulation, hypnotherapy, ego state therapy and energy psychology. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 15(2), 116-138. doi:10.1080/10720160802035584.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The URGES approach is a theory and protocol to treat trauma and addiction simultaneously. It combines hypnotherapy, ego state work, alternate bilateral stimulation, and energy psychology.It was developed to meet the need to address trauma without disturbing mainstream addiction treatment. Based on the premise that trauma and addiction are co-relational, this method uses ego state images including an Addict ego state that hypothetically reflect brain chemistry dynamics and changes.URGES is a combination method that incorporates basic concepts from hypnotherapy, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, ego state therapy and several energy psychology techniques.Orchestrated ego state conflicts hypothetically exercise the brain.Ego state patterns are emerging from URGES that indicate a degree of predictability in assessing patient's internal response to treatment.The main focus of this approach is using the addictive urge to locate and process underlying trauma.
Keywords: Addiction Bilateral Stimulation BLS Ego State Therapy Energy Psychology Hynotherapy Trauma Treatment URGES Approach
Accuracy Verified: Yes
32. Sack, M. (2008, September). Wirkmechanismen von EMDR [Work mechanisms in EMDR]. Pre-Congress presentation at the 11th Congress of the European Society of Hypnosis in Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
Language: German
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) ist ein expositionsbasiertes Verfahren zur Behandlung von Patienten mit posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen (PTSD). Während die Wirksamkeit der EMDR-Behandlung empirisch gut nachgewiesen ist, besteht nach wie vor Unklarheit, ob die beim EMDR eingesetzte bilaterale Stimulation durch Augenbewegungen einen spezifischen Effekt hat.
Wir stellen Ergebnisse aus mehreren Studien zum Monitoring autonom-vegetativer Parameter während Traumatherapiesitzungen mit EMDR vor. Es lässt sich unmittelbar nach Beginn der Augenbewegungen ein starker Anstieg des Parasympathikotonus und ein Abfall der Herzfrequenz beobachten. Diese
Reaktion erstreckt sich über etwa 10 Sekunden und entspricht damit dem Verlaufsmuster einer so genannten Orientierungsreaktion auf einen neuen Stimulus. Im Sitzungsverlauf zeigt sich, dass die Herzfrequenz abfällt und der Parasympathikotonus ansteigt. Damit liefern unsere Befunde eine empirische Bestätigung für die Hypothese, dass es während EMDR-Sitzungen zu Orientierungsreaktionen kommt.
Nach unserer Einschätzung werden durch die bilaterale Stimulation biologische Ressourcen aktiviert, die eine Verarbeitung traumatischer Erinnerungen begünstigen.
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is an exposure based method for the treatment of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While the effectiveness of EMDR treatment is well established empirically, there is still uncertainty whether the bilateral stimulation used in EMDR by eye movements has a specific effect.
We present results of several studies on vegetative-autonomous monitoring parameters before, during trauma therapy sessions with EMDR. It can be observed immediately after the start of eye movement, a sharp increase parasympathetic tone and a decrease in heart rate. This reaction extends over about 10 seconds and corresponds to the pattern during a so-called orientation reaction to a new stimulus. During the session shows that decreases the heart rate and increases the parasympathetic tone. Thus our findings provide empirical confirmation for the hypothesis that during EMDR sessions is to guide responses.
In our view be activated by bilateral stimulation of biological resources, encourage the processing of traumatic memories.
Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS Mechanisms Vegetative-Autonomous Monitoring Parameters
Accuracy Verified: Yes