Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links
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1. Uddane, L. (2004, March 14). Author looks at alternative self-help techniques. Orange County, CA: The Orange County Register, Life, HF3.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. Servan-Schreiber believes that in a short period, EMDR may help people cope with difficult memories. In a typical session, the patient is asked to remember the painful, debilitating memory and visually focus on the moving hand of the therapist or moving set of lights. It's not clear how EMDR works, so it's a controversial approach.
Keywords: Orange County Self-Help Techniques
Accuracy Verified: Yes
2. Emard, P. (1995, June). A brief look at MRI brief therapy. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The MRI approach to brief therapy originated out of the serendipitous coming together of several incredibly creative minds that
resulted in a form of psychotherapy in which the major goal was to make psychotherapy more efficient and more effective. It evolved
out of research project on communication begun by anthropologist Gregory Bateson that soon involved the work of hypnotherapist
Milton H. Erickson and psychiatrist Don Jackson. John Weakland, Jay Haley, Paul Watzlawick and Richard Fisch began to publish
the ideas that resulted fiom the early research findings and in doing so developed a particular set of assumptions about the formation
and resolution of human problems that differed significantly from traditional treatment models of the time. Further refinements
through the clinical application of these methods resulted in a model of treatment that was a pioneer of the brief psychotherapy
movement. It is based on a non-normative and non-pathological way of viewing people with problems; it looks at people in the
context of their living situations; it resists the idea of client resistance, it places great emphasis on the use of language; and it seeks
to amplify client assets and resources and minimize client liabilities and shortcomings.
Brief therapists assume a willingness to be an active change agent for the benefit of their clients. They accept responsibility for
creating an atmosphere of respect, patience, and creativity in which clients can find alternative ways to think and behave. They
believe they have a set of tasks to perform that will hopefully result in the resolution or, as a minimum, the diminishment of the
problem situation for which the client originally sought help.
These tasks consist of a combination of ways of thinking and acting that are designed to increase the likelihood that the client will
experience relief from a painful problem. One of the main tasks for a brief therapist is to find ways to construe the problems
presented by the client so that a solution can be found. Brief therapists inquire into the interactional systemic aspects of a problem,
the context or environment in which the problem occurs, the people involved in the problematic situation, and the ways the client has
attempted to resolve the problem thus far.
Another very important task is to identify and gain access to the persons who are the most interested in and willing to work toward
changing the problem situation. The idea here is to spend the bulk of the therapeutic time and effort working with the person who is
most invested in the change process. Brief therapists find ways to appeal to this person's values and belief systems so that (s)he will
engage in activities and/or alter her/his behavior in ways that are likely to change the problem situation.
A third task on which brief therapists concentrate is the establishment of clear, concrete, and doable goals of treatment. They
collaborate with the client to determine what the client hopes to gain from treatment and when the client will know she is ready to
handle life on his/her own, this assumes an emphasis on the client's present and the possibilities for the client's future rather than
his/her past.
The fourth task brief therapists focus on is the development of ways of intervening in the way the presenting problem is being
handled in the present time. This is based on the central assumption that one of the main goals of psychotherapy is to induce
clients to change the way a problem is handled. Such intervening is the result of thoughtful and careful consideration of many factors
surrounding the problem situation and involves the use of a variety of skills.
A final task for the brief therapist is to find ways to remove him/herself from the client's life in such a way that the client has faith in
her/his own ability to function effectively without the therapist.
This treatment model offers clinicians an opportunity to work in positive, goal-directed ways that clients find helpful and therapists
find challenging and satisfying. It calls upon clinicians to develop keen observation skills, the ability to see things fiom a variety of
perspectives, and an appreciation for the vast resources clients bring with them to therapy. While it is a simple model of treatment, it
is by no means an easy one to master. It requires clinicians to step outside their usual frames of reference in the pursuit of creative
solutions to difficult human problems. It rewards them with a greater sense of accomplishment and increased client satisfaction.
In the ever-changing world of mental health, this is no small achievement.
Keywords: MRI Brief Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
3. van der Kolk, B. A. (1997, July). Current understanding of the psychobiology of trauma. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Francisco, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Trauma as an etiological agent in the genesis of psychopathology was largely ignored between the end of the
second world war and the end of the Vietnam war, forty years later. Trauma-based psychiatric problems were
generally dismissed, as exemplified by the above quote about the impact of childhood sexual abuse in the leading
textbook of psychiatry in 1972. In the wake of the Vietnam war the diagnosis of PTSD was constructed for inclusion in
the DSM-Ill in order to capture the psychopathology associated with traumatization in adults. However, over the years,
it has become clear that in clinical settings the majority of treatment seeking patients have been exposed to a range of
different traumatic events over their life-span, and suffer from a variety of psychological problems that are not included
in the diagnosis of PTSD. These include depression and self-hatred, dissociation and depersonalization, selfdestructive
behaviors, problems with close relations and an impairment in the capacity to experience pleasure,
satisfaction and 'fun'. These other problems are generally relegated to the status of "co-morbid conditions", rather than
being recognized as part of a spectrum of extremely treatment resistant trauma- related problems that occur
depending on the age at which the trauma occurred, the relationship to the agent responsible for the trauma, social
support received and the duration of the traumatic experience(s).
Keywords: Psychobiology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4. Sellers, J. L. (1997, October). Efficacy of the eye movement desensitization procedure as compared to accelerated massed desensitization in the treatment of test anxiety. California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego, CA. ATT 9729659.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) procedure had been widely promoted as an effective anxiety reducing treatment, yet the methodology of many studies has not been adequate to clearly investigate the procedure (Lohr, Kleinknecht, Conley, Dal Cerro, Schmidt, & Sonntag, 1992) and comparison treatments have been inappropriately applied (Lohr, Kleinknecht, Tolin & Barrett, 1995). This study compared EMDR and Accelerated Massed Desensitization (AMD), which has been empirically supported as a short term intervention in the treatment of test anxiety. All participants were screened for participation and 38 were determined test anxious, according to the Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI; Spielberger, 1980). No subjects were involved in any form of relaxation training or taking any medications to reduce anxiety at the time of their participation. All participants were recruited from college and university classes in the Orange and San Bernardino counties and were paid $10 for their participation. Six therapists and the primary investigator conducted therapy sessions for both treatments. All therapists completed the EMDR training, completed relevant reading materials for the AMD procedure, and followed protocols for both procedures throughout the therapy sessions. Participants were randomly assigned to either the EMDR or AMD treatment condition and a therapist. Participants completed the state portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger, 1983) and the Subjective Units of Distress scale (SUD; Wolpe, 1982) measures at pre and post treatment and at pre and post in-class exam. Participants received two sessions of treatment for each of the conditions. This study hypothesized that the EMDR treatment would significantly reduce anxiety as measured by the STAI and the SUD as compared to the AMD treatment. This study also hypothesized that EMDR would significantly reduce anxiety in both treatment and in vivo settings. Supplementary hypotheses predicted that the AMD treatment would reduce anxiety in both the treatment and in vivo settings. Results indicated that students in the AMD condition experienced more anxiety reduction than students in the EMDR condition. However, both treatments were effective in reducing anxiety in both the treatment and in vivo setting, as measured by the STAI and SUD scales. These results suggest that both treatments may be effective for reducing anxiety. However, the AMD treatment led to greater reductions in anxiety, as compared to the EMDR treatment. It is suggested that further research of the EMDR procedure include suitable comparison groups in order to assess its effectiveness and allow clinicians to choose appropriate treatments based on empirical support. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 58(4-B), Oct 1997, pp. 2139.
Keywords: College or University Students Identified As Test Anxious Efficacy of Eye Movement vs Accelerated Massed Desensitization for Treating Test Anxiety Psychotherapeutic Techniques Sellers Test Anxiety
Accuracy Verified: Yes
5. Huff, C. (2004). EMDR as a treatment for a veteran with PTSD and agent orange related cancer. Argosy University, Chicago, IL.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Keywords: Agent Orange Cancer Survivor Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
6. Shapiro, F. (2012, September). EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs: Building sustainable mental health resources worldwide. ISTSS Traumatic StressPoints, 26(5), 2-3.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs (HAP) began in 1995 as a response to the Oklahoma City bombing. An FBI agent who had previously received EMDR therapy called requesting help, stating that the local mental health professionals were overwhelmed by the task. After a needs assessment, approximately 100 volunteer clinicians trained in EMDR therapy were rotated in to provide pro bono treatment for the bombing victims and front-line responders. A program evaluation indicated that over 80 percent achieved beneficial treatment effects within three sessions, and, in the same year, a study using a delayed treatment control group also showed positive results (Wilson, Becker & Tinker, 1995). Subsequently, free trainings in EMDR therapy were offered and provided to 290 clinicians in collaboration with local agencies. The feedback was so positive that a 501(c)3 organization was soon established. [Excerpt]
Keywords: EMDR-HAP
Accuracy Verified: Yes
7. Philip, D. (1996, August 19). Eye wash for perverts?. Alberta Report/Newsmagazine, 23(36), 1-2.
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
Reports on a new therapy for sex offenders called Eye Movement and Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR). The details of the treatment; The treatment's creator David Price at the Bowden Institution; His use of volunteers who are pedophiles and other sex offenders; Comparisons made to the motion picture `A Clockwork Orange'; The increasing rate of sex offenders in Canada; Skepticism about the program.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
8. Lindner, E. G. (2001, March). Humiliation-trauma that has been overlooked: An analysis based on fieldwork in Germany, Rwanda/Burundi, and Somalia. Traumatology, 7(1), 43-68. doi:10.1177/153476560100700104.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
What differentiates trauma from humiliation? This is one of the questions this article tries to answer. Trauma may occur without humiliation, as in the case of natural disaster, however, humiliation may be the core agent of trauma. Furthermore, this paper suggests that the role and significance of humiliation for traumatic experiences has long been overlooked by researchers and practitioners. The paper highlights the macro-historical backdrop for this neglect. It is the unfolding of human rights as opposed to more traditional honour codes at all levels of society both national and international. This change is a major force in making the category of trauma increasingly important, and in moving such practices as `breaking the will of the child,' that were once legitimate and even prescribed, into the category of trauma. The paper also addresses the fact that social science is part of this transition and would benefit from making more visible how it is deeply interlinked with this process. [Sage]
Keywords: Burundi Humiliation Germany Rwanda Somalia Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
9. Horne, B. (2012, April). Joyful practice: EMDR and the therapist. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will focus on the benefits of EMDR to the therapist, rather than to the client (for whom they are already well established!). It will examine the therapeutic relationship that is made necessary by the AIP, where in the therapist now takes the stance of privileged expert witness to the client's own healing, rather than being the agent or supplier of that healing. The history of the therapeutic relationship will be briefly tracked, with adescription of the paradigm shift that began with family systems pioneers such as Carl Whitaker, who challenged therapists to take a more client-centered, respectfull view of the therapeutic relationship. EMDR therapists can now shift from being “ helpers ” or “ healers ” to being informed and privileged witnesses. Norcross (2005) has demonstrated that EMDR is an "evidence-based therapy" largely due to the therapeutic attunement that it requires. The neurobiological & hormonal benefits of attunement (Schore, Gray) are coming to be better understood. This attunement will be examined from the point of view of the benefit to the therapist, as well as to the client. This attunement greatly enhances ourability to work joyfully and abundantly (and hence, more effectively). These benefits, accompanied by the optimism and hope that is fed by therepeated witnessing of our clients ’ transformations precludes any possibility of compassion fatigue — indeed the work is exhilarating. This workshop will be largely didactic, but case examples and space for sharing & discussion will be incorporated into the 90-minutes framework.
Learning Objectives:
1.Participants will compare the traditional medical-model therapeutic relationship with EMDR’s more client-respectful / responsible model.
2. Participants will expand their understanding of how the AIP dictates & requires this changed therapeutic relationship and its impact on us as therapists.
3. Participants will identify and examine the EMDR therapist ’ s freedom from responsibility for our clients and appreciate the impact on us of our routinely excellent treatment outcomes
4. Participants will identify and acknowledge the benefits of therapeutic attunement to the therapist.
5. Participants will show awareness of their own experiences, from the point of view of the therapist-benefit aspects of EMDR.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
10. Keefe, C. (1995, June 14). Looking trauma in the eye: An unusual psychotherapy technique brings relief to trauma victims. Orange County, CA: The Orange County Register, Morning, Accent, E01.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Traditional therapy failed to bring lasting relief from her demons. Morgan says Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing _ EMDR _ finally released her from the horrors of her past.
EMDR is a technique practiced by licensed clinicians to help trauma victims replace negative images and emotions with positive ones. Its basic premise is that the human brain wants to heal itself.
Keywords: General Orange County Overview
Accuracy Verified: Yes
11. Gilligan, S. (1996, June). Love in the face of violence: Self relations psychotherapy, Ericksonian, hypnosis, and EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Love in the face of violence - Definitions and premises. Webster's dictionary definition of violence: " 1) exertion of physical force
so as to injure or abuse; 2) intense, turbulent, or furious and often destructive
action or force. Webster's definition of trauma: "from Greek: to wound. to pierce; 1) an
injury to living tissue caused by an extrinsic agent; surgeons traumatize a person
when they put a scalpel to skin a:nd wound them in surgery, 2) a disordered
psychic or behavioral state resulting from mental or emotional stress or physical
injury"
Keywords: Violence Eriksonian Hypnosis
Accuracy Verified: Yes
12. Orange City News. (1995, July 13). Orange resident talks about helping at Oklahoma bomb site. Orange County, CA: The Orange County Register, Orange, 03.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
EMDR is a new treatment that uses principles of Rapid Eye Movement sleep to help clients reprocess and store traumatic experiences into long-term memory.
Age: 49
On Oklahoma City: One of three psychologists specializing in EMDR.
Keywords: General Orange County Overview
Accuracy Verified: Yes
13. Ritter, M. (1994, August 14). Study says eye-movement therapy helps. Orange County, CA: The Orange County Register Health Science.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
A treatment
that included watching a therapist's
fingers move has helped
people who were suffering psychologically
from past traumatic
experiences, a study found.
Keywords: General Orange County Overview Roger Pitman Sandra Wilson
Accuracy Verified: Yes
14. Cano, D. (1992, November 26). Therapists to help hurricane victims. Los Angeles, CA: Los Angeles Times.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
Two Orange County therapists will
spend the holidays in South Florida to
help survivors of Hurricane Andrew.
which decimated the area last summer.
Judy Albert, a Huntington Beach
marriage, family and child counselor, is
leaving today to help hurricane survivors deal with anxiety, depression and
other disorders.
Keywords: General Los Angeles Overview Ruth Knowles Grainger
Accuracy Verified: Yes
15. van der Kolk, B. A. (2004, September). Treatment outcome research in EMDR. Plenary presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montréal, Quebec Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Despite a large number of well-controlled studies there continues to be considerable skepticism about the specificity of EMDR's usefulness at a treatment of PTSD. It therefore was gratifying that the National institutes of Mental Health in the USA funded the first study to compare a proven psychological treatment (EMDR) with a proven pharmacological agent, Prozac, and the first to use a pill placebo group. Both Prozac and pill placebo did very well in this study - once again demonstrating the power of the placebo response in PTSD. EMDR did significantly better than the placebo after 8 weeks of treatment. After the end of treatment the EMDR group continued to improve, to the point that six months later 60% of the EMDR was entirely asymptomatic, compared with none in the Prozac group. However, the group with adult onset trauma did markedly better than the childhood onset group. The data on how EMDR differentially affected memory of the trauma give another glimpse into possible modes of action of this treatment. This Plenary will discuss issues of research, treatment outcome, the therapeutic relationship, the Impact of trauma at different levels of development, the nature of traumatic memory, and the emerging understanding of how EMDR may effect its therapeutic action.
Keywords: Outcome Research Plenary
Accuracy Verified: Yes