Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links
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1. Crow, C., & Sause, E. (2007, June). Accessing preverbal trauma for effective adult EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Recent research (Moberg, 2003, The Oxytocin Factor) indicates the potential of early pre-verbal trauma to set up biochemical and neurological responses which activate certain triggers. Since the touchstone event is pre-verbal, it is difficult to identify, but crucial in the resolution of later traumas resistant to full EMDR processing (Those who remain stuck at a greater than 0 SUDs). The antedotal experience is that this model can activate the material more fully and facilitate more thorough competion of phases 4-8. "Once upon a Time" contains every element of the EMDR Protocol in the prescribed order, Incident, Image, NC, PC, VOC, Emotion, SUD, Body sensation. This experimental model is not a substitute for standard EMDR. It facilitates access tohese preverbal traumas and the resultant cognitions which may have formed around them. It allows for a return to the standard EMDR protocol after this early material has been effectively targeted and reprocessed. "Once Upon a Time" model allows for fuller connection with early material. History is collected through antedotal information from third party informants and family photographs and is used to create a metaphor; this technique can access the multiple modalities of pre-verbal experience previously intellectualized. Phase three begins with a short continuation of Phase 1 using an interview format to review and briefly discuss the various elements of the troubling material. A "sentence completion" format is used to obtain the TICES elements. Those spontaneous answers form the script for a "Once Upon a Time" (Crow, 2004, EMDRIA Montreal, Canada), a deviation from Phase 4 of the standard protocol. Pertinent examples of the application of this model will be discussed and demonstrated with video taped excerpts of actual clients. Video taped client reports of the long term effect of the shifts resulting from the "Once Upon a Time" experience will provide validation that this technique enables retur to the standard EMDR protocol and full processing of previously incompletely processed material. Participants will create their own "Once Upon a Time" script from a video example of client history as an experiential introduction to the intricacies of this model. Evidence indicates that this technique is effective on a "consultant" basis, where the "Once Upon a Time" can be conducted by a separate therapist skilled in the technique, and returned to their regular EMDR therapist to complete this treatment. Currently a study is underway utilizing a pre/post text design (N=10) and statistical analysis of the results to measure the quantitative change within the client.
Keywords: Model Poster Preverbal Trauma Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
2. Miller, R., & Tay, K. H. (2009, August). Adapting the standard EMDR protocol for clients with mild mental retardation: Some guidelines and implications. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR as a psychotherapeutic approach has been shown to be effective. However, there is a paucity of studies examining the efficacy of EMDR for clients diagnosed with mild mental retardation. The DSM-IV defines mild mental retardation as below average intelligence (IQ between 70 and 55) along with some deficiencies in adaptive functioning skills demonstrated before age 18. The purpose of our clinical project was to explore the applicability of EMDR for our adult clients (n = 12; mean age 22.5) diagnosed with mild mental retardation by adapting the standard protocol. Studies showed that individuals with mental retardation learn and retain information more effectively when materials are presented to them in a visual, concrete, and interactive manner while utilizing the principles of positive reinforcements.
The prevalence of mental health problems and the wide range of clinical symptoms among these individuals have been reported in several studies. Additionally, these adults are misunderstood as being overly limited in their ability to reap any therapeutic benefit from counseling interventions. Prout and Strohmer (1998), for instance, argued that adults with mental retardation do benefit from counseling interventions. However, they stressed the need for more sophisticated or modified use of psychotherapeutic interventions. Psychotherapeutic techniques and models should be modified, if feasible, in regards to language and cognitive levels commensurate with the clients’ background.
Based on our clinical observations, the following are some examples of proposed guidelines to assist the EMDR clinicians in thinking more creatively when adapting the standard protocol.
1) Considerable amount of preparation at the onset of EMDR is necessary, as it plays a pivotal role in ensuring a successful outcome.
2) Visual depiction of the SUDs and VOCs on a scale of 0 through 5, or 0 through 10, depending on the client’s cognitive abilities is beneficial. Use of “faces” to depict concretely various levels of distress should be made.
3) The concepts of PC and NC may be too abstract for some in this population. We assist clients by operationally defining those concepts with the list of commonly used PCs and NCs in simpler language.
4) Coping resources are sometimes limited for these adults. Clients will benefit from having multiple reinforcements of self-soothing skills thorough the installation of the “safe place” and “resources”.
5) Positive reinforcements (e.g., frequent verbal reminders) should be used regularly in sessions throughout treatment. However, be mindful of clients’ desire to please the clinician.
6) Role-playing should be used when feasible throughout treatment, e.g., during the installation of future templates, as it heightens more sensory, affective, and behavioral modes of learning rather than verbal modality alone.
Based on the treatment outcomes reported by our clients, EMDR is an effective treatment option, as evidenced by sustained reduction in their level of distress to traumatic memories. Findings from this clinical project have practice and research implications. First, the standard protocol should be adapted for use with adults with mild mental retardation to achieve optimal gain. Second, empirical research is needed to provide further evidence for the efficacy of EMDR for adults with mild mental retardation.
Keywords: Mental Retardation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
3. Leeds, A. (2008, September). Adaptive information processing, attachment theory and EMDR case conceptualization. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
With complex cases many clinicians struggle with case formulation and predicting responses to EMDR reprocessing. This presentation integrates the Adaptive Information Processing Model with adult attachment classification. Clinical case examples illustrate practical clinical strategies for assessing attachment classification as a foundation for case formulation. With conflicting models for treatment planning in the standard EMDR text, this presentation offers a symptom informed approach, incorporating elements of the parallel models of Korn (Korn, et al., 2004) and Leeds (2004). Case example treatment plans will be presented in a visual format to illustrate how this model can be applied to simple and complex cases.
Keywords: AIP Attachment Theory Case Conceptualization
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4. Forgash, C.A. (2002, November). Addressing dissociation and its negative impact on the physical health of the adult sexual abuse survivor: An integrated EMDR and ego state treatment approach. Presentation at the International Society for the Study of Dissociation Fall Conference, Baltimore, MD.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Dissociation Ego State Therapy Sexual Abuse Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
5. Schubert, S., & Lee, C. W. (2009). Adult PTSD and its treatment with EMDR: A review of controversies, evidence, and theoretical knowledge. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(3), 117-132. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.3.117.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article provides an overview of selective issues relating to adult posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its treatment with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). The article begins by providing a historical overview of PTSD, and debates about the etiology and definition of PTSD are discussed. The most predominant theories of PTSD are summarized by highlighting how they have evolved from traditional behavioral accounts based on the assumption that PTSD is an anxiety disorder to theories that now incorporate information-processing models. This article then examines the development of EMDR and the corresponding body of research that clearly demonstrates its efficacy for the treatment for adult PTSD. The underlying mechanisms of EMDR are discussed, with a focus on the importance of the eye movement component and how the therapeutic processes in EMDR differ from those of traditional exposure therapy. Finally, the adaptive information-processing (AIP) model that underlies EMDR is outlined, and evidence for the model is summarized. The article concludes by suggesting future research based on questions raised about PTSD and its treatment with EMDR when the AIP model is compared to other information-based theories of PTSD.
Keywords: Adult Mechanism of Action Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
6. Broad, R. D. & Wheeler, K. (2006, May). An adult with childhood medical trauma treated with psychoanalytic psychotherapy and EMDR: A case study. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 42(2), 95-105. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6163.2006.00058.x.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Problem: Adverse childhood experiences have been found to be a strong predictor of emotional and physical problems in adulthood. However, the long-term sequelae for children who have suffered critical illness and exposure to invasive medical procedures are less well documented. Methods: This is a case study of an adult client who sought treatment for depression and attention deficit disorder. The psychotherapy treatment is discussed and the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is described targeting a memory of a medical trauma resulting from a tonsillectomy when the client was 8 years old. Conclusions: Significant healing outcomes were attained as a result of the therapy, i.e., decreased depression, less hypervigilance, and increased ability to concentrate, which resulted in the discontinuation of medication for depression and ADHD as well as significant improvement in overall functioning.
Keywords: Childhood Medical Trauma Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Adverse Childhood Experiences Depression Attention Deficit Disorder Early Experience Major Depression PTSD Psychoanalysis Childhood Development Clinical Case Study Empirical Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
7. Leeds, A. (2010, July). AIP case forumation and treatment planning. Preconference presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
responses to EMDR reprocessing. This presentation integrates the Adaptive Information Processing
Model with adult attachment classification as a model for case formulation that can assist in predicting
responses to EMDR reprocessing. Clinical case examples illustrate practical clinical strategies for
assessing attachment classification as a foundation for case formulation. With multiple, divergent
models for treatment planning in the standard EMDR text (Shapiro, 2001), this presentation offers a
symptom informed approach, incorporating elements of the parallel models of Korn (Korn, et al., 2004),
Leeds (2004) and de Jongh, et al., (2010). Case example treatment plans will be presented in a visual
format to illustrate how this model can be applied to simple and complex cases.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Treatment Planning
Accuracy Verified: Yes
8. Leeds, A. M. (2009, August). AIP, attachment theory and EMDR Case conceptualization. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
With complex cases, many clinicians struggle with case formulation and predicting responses to EMDR reprocessing. This presentation integrates the Adaptive Information Processing Model with adult attachment classification. Clinical case examples illustrate practical clinical strategies for assessing attachment classification as a foundation for case formulation. With conflicting models for treatment planning in the standard EMDR text, this presentation offers a symptom informed approach, incorporating elements of the parallel models of Korn (Korn, et al., 2004) and Leeds (2004). Case example treatment plans will be presented in a visual format to illustrate how this model can be applied to simple and complex cases.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Attachment Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
9. Leeds, A. (2010, June). AIP, attachment theory and EMDR case conceptualization. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
With complex cases, many clinicians struggle with case formulation and predicting responses to EMDR reprocessing. This presentation integrates the Adaptive Information Processing Model with adult attachment classification. Clinical case examples illustrate practical clinical strategies for assessing attachment classification as a foundation for case formulation. With conflicting models for treatment planning in the standard EMDR text, this presentation offers a symptom informed approach, incorporating elements of the parallel models of Korn (Korn, et al., 2004) and Leeds (2004, 2009). Case example treatment plans will be presented in a visual format to illustrate how this model can be applied to simple and complex cases.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Attachment Theory Case Conceptualization
Accuracy Verified: Yes
10. Descilo, T. (1999). Amelioration of death-related trauma with traumatic incident reduction (TIR) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). In C. R. Figley (Ed.), Traumatology of grieving: conceptual, theoretical, and treatment foundations (pp. 153-182). Philadelphia: Brunner/Mazel.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
The author notes the significance of the child-adult system and the effects of the death of either person on the other. She describes two treatment approaches: traumatic incident resolution (TIR) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Both approaches are reviewed, beginning with the theoretical model on which they are based. In a synthesis of both TIR and EMDR, the author offers "clinical traumatology skills" to overcome the potential bias introduced by the therapist. She discusses three focusing drills to develop practitioners' effectiveness in focusing on the most critical issues and procedures of trauma work. Acknowledgement and closure drills enable practitioners to more effectively end trauma work sessions. The author also discusses what effective trauma treatment should look like. These end points help assure both client and therapist that the distress associated with the memories has been removed permanently. After discussing the role of emotions in processing traumatic events, the chapter focuses on TIR and then EMDR regarding assessment and treatment procedures. This is followed by a discussion of what can go wrong when applying the treatment procedures. The chapter ends with presentation and discussion of a case example. [Adapted from Introduction]
Keywords: Assessment Bereavement Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Survivors TIR Traumatic Incident Reduction
Accuracy Verified: Yes
11. Descilo, T. (1999). Amelioration of death-related trauma with traumatic incident reduction (TIR) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). In C. Figley (Ed.), Death-Related Trauma: Conceptual, Theoretical, and Treatemnt Foundations. London: Taylor & Francis.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract: The author notes the significance of the child-adult system and the effects of the death of either person on the other. She describes two treatment approaches: traumatic incident resolution (TIR) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Both approaches are reviewed, beginning with the theoretical model on which they are based. In a synthesis of both TIR and EMDR, the author offers "clinical traumatology skills" to overcome the potential bias introduced by the therapist. She discusses three focusing drills to develop practitioners' effectiveness in focusing on the most critical issues and procedures of trauma work. Acknowledgement and closure drills enable practitioners to more effectively end trauma work sessions. The author also discusses what effective trauma treatment should look like. These end points help assure both client and therapist that the distress associated with the memories has been removed permanently. After discussing the role of emotions in processing traumatic events, the chapter focuses on TIR and then EMDR regarding assessment and treatment procedures. This is followed by a discussion of what can go wrong when applying the treatment procedures. The chapter ends with presentation and discussion of a case example. [Adapted from Introduction]
Keywords: Death Traumatic Incident Reduction
Accuracy Verified: Yes
12. Ahmad, A., & Sundelin-Wahlsten, V. (2007, September). Applying EMDR on children with PTSD. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 17(3), 127-132. doi:10.1007/s00787-007-0646-8.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Objective: To find out child-adjusted protocol for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Methods: Child-adjusted modification were made in the original adult-based protocol, and within-session measurements, when EMDR was used in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on thirty-three 6–16-year-old children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Results: EMDR was applicable after certain modifications adjusted to the age and developmental level of the child. The average treatment effect size was largest on re-experiencing, and smallest on hyperarousal scale. The age of the child yielded no significant effects on the dependent variables in the study. Conclusions: A child-adjusted protocol for EMDR is suggested after being applied in a RCT for PTSD among traumatized and psychosocially exposed children (Springer).
Keywords: Case Studies Children Child Psychiatry Empirical Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD Quantitative Study Randomize Control Trial RCT Trauma Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
13. Sautai, G. (2007, Juin). Approche des patient poly-traumatisés par immersion EMDR [Approach of poly traumatised patients with EMDR immersion]. Présentation à la réunion annuelle de l'Association EMDR Europe, Paris, France.
Language: French
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Certains patients présentent "traumatisme poly» ou «empoisonnement psychique» tel que décrit par Jacques Roques dans «Guérir Avec l" EMDR. "Souvent, il s'agit d'un environnement socio culturel a commencé pendant l'enfance. Sur la base de l'hypothèse formulée par Francine Shapiro que le traumatisme peut engendrer des «bloqué les réseaux neuronaux," nous supposons une mise en forme "pourrait se produire au cours de la petite période d'apprentissage.
Exposés à un traumatisme insidieux et répétitifs, un jeune cerveau Virgin Stores réseaux neuronaux liés à la vulnérabilité des enfants en tant que mécanisme de défense. Cela pourrait être obstrué par des perturbations répétitives créer une souffrance psychologique. En tant qu'adulte, ce réseau neuronal inhibiteur, stimulée par déclenchement d'exprimer des comportements excessifs et une forte émotion que nous avons appelé le «non adapté en forme» (NAF).
Nous savons combien il est difficile de prendre ce type d'intoxication »en charge des séances de thérapie EMDR traditionnels en raison de l'interférence des composants multimodal. Habituellement, ils participent émotions mixtes liés à la sécurité, l'estime de soi et le libre choix. Par conséquent, nous avons développé une modalité particulière: EMDR immersion qui est un cours intensif de 10 jours consécutifs de traitement par le patient. «L'objectif clinique est de traiter les dimensions de la croissance personnelle et le développement ainsi que l'élimination de plus de la souffrance» (Francine Shapiro).
Notre expérience comprend 24 patients avec un niveau élevé de troubles psychologiques liés à la NAF. Seuls les patients avec expérience dissociative échelle score inférieur à 25 ont été considérés.
Nous utilisons l'approche thérapie EMDR suivant les 8 étapes du protocole standard.
Nous recevons toute l'histoire chronologique du patient, «de la naissance à aujourd'hui», permet nous permet d'identifier une moyenne de sept objectifs principaux.
Pour être capable de transmuer la NAF à une résolution d'adaptation, nous introduisons un des noms de ressources notamment l '«archaïsme», définie comme «la partie de l'être humain en charge de Live principe de préservation."
Nous l'accès au réseau d'information dysfunctionally stockée par le biais des objectifs.
Nous stimulons le système de traitement de l'information et de la maintenir en forme dynamique avec tactiles et autres additifs stimulations bilatérales. Nous passons l'information par le suivi du processus de libre-association et de lancement des procédures pour s'assurer que la cible transmue à une résolution adaptative.
Comme mesure psychométrique et méthode d'évaluation, nous utilisons l'échelle PCL-S sur les traumatismes exprimé par le patient au début de MED immersion. Le score moyen est de 70 degrés avant l'immersion elle à 28 deux mois plus tard et à 26 six mois plus tard.
En ce qui concerne les résultats encourageants, nous décidons de partager l'expérience afin de mettre à jour.
Some patients present with “poly traumatism” or “psychic poisoning” as described by Jacques Roques in “guérir avec l”EMDR.” Often it is a socio cultural environment started during childhood. Based on the hypothesis formulated by Francine Shapiro that trauma could engender “blocked neuronal networks,” we assume a “formatting” could occur during the childhood learning period.
Exposed to insidious and repetitive trauma, a virgin young brain stores neuronal networks related to the child vulnerability as defense mechanism. That could get blocked by repetitive disturbances creating psychological pain. As an adult, this blocker neuronal network, stimulated by trigger express excessive behaviors and strong emotion we called the “Non Adapted Formatting” (NAF).
We know how difficult it is to take this “poisoning” in charge with traditional EMDR sessions because of the multimodal components interfering. Usually, they involved mixed emotions related to security, self esteem and free choice. Therefore, we developed a particular modality: EMDR Immersion that is an intensive, 10 consecutive days of therapy with the patient. “The clinical goal is to address the dimensions of personal growth and development along with the elimination of over suffering” (Francine Shapiro).
Our experience includes 24 patients with a high level of psychological disturbance related to the NAF. Only patients with Dissociative Experience Scale score less than 25 were considered.
We use EMDR therapy approach following the 8 phases of the standard protocol.
We receive the complete chronological story of the patient, “from birth to now,” allows allows us to identify an average of seven main targets.
To be able to transmute the NAF to an adaptive resolution, we introduce a particular resource names “Archaism” defined as “Part of the human being in charge of Live Principle Preservation.”
We access the dysfunctionally stored information network through the targets.
We stimulate the information-processing system and maintain it in dynamic form with tactile and additive alternative bilateral stimulations. We move the information by monitoring the free-association process and initiating procedures to make sure that the target transmutes to an adaptive resolution.
As psychometric measurement and method evaluation, we use PCL-S Scale on the traumatisms expressed by the patient at the beginning of MED Immersion. The average score is at 70 before Immersion it degrees to 28 two months later and to 26 six months later.
Regarding the encouraging results, we decide to share the experiment in order to upgrade it.
Keywords: EMDR Immersion
Accuracy Verified: Yes
14. Edmond, T., & Rubin, A. (2004). Assessing the long-term effects of EMDR: Results from an 18-month follow-up study with adult female survivors of CSA. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 13(1), 69-86. doi:10.1300/J070v13n01_04.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This 18-month follow-up study builds on the findings of a randomized experimental evaluation that found qualified support for the short-term effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in reducing trauma symptoms among adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). The current study provides preliminary evidence that the therapeutic benefits of EMDR for adult female survivors of CSA can be maintained over an 18-month period. Furthermore, there is some support for the suggestion that EMDR did so more efficiently and provided a greater sense of trauma resolution than did routine individual therapy. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Child Abuse Empirical Study Females Follow-up Study Quantitative Study Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
15. Greenfield, R. (2010, October). The assessment and psychotherapy of a dissociateve adult man with complex PTSD. Presentation at the 27th Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This paper presents the assessment and four year
psychotherapy of a Hispanic man with Complex PTSD
and Dissociative Disorder NOS. The patient’s history of
childhood sexual abuse caused significant disruptions
in normative developmental processes causing what
van der Kolk (2005) posits as a Developmental Trauma
Disorder. Based on Shapiro’s (2001) adaptive information
processing paradigm, the patient’s memories of extensive
childhood sexual victimization became blocked from
resolution from adaptive memory networks, becoming
embedded in the emotional brain and activated by the 9/11
tragedy. This stimulated an array of PTSD and Dissociative symptomatology. In treatment he verbalized and chronicled
his experiences of 9/11 and memories of severe childhood
sexual abuse, establishing a narrative of victimization,
helplessness, and confusion about his sexual orientation
(Gardner, 1999). Furthermore, there were episodes of
dissociation revealing the possibility of alters. Attempts
to access adaptive networks using EMDR protocols were
thwarted by intractable defenses. The patient’s desire
to return to work was offset by his entitlement to Social
Security Disability that was initially denied. Working through
my concordant countertransference (Racker, 1968), I
ultimately accepted his wish for SSD, which he obtained
on appeal based upon my symptom-specific evaluation.
The patient transferred to a clinic that accepted SSD.
Participants will be able to :
♦♦ identify the developmental derailing
effects of childhood sexual abuse on
normative developmental processes.
♦♦ assess how childhood trauma(s) that are
repressed or dissociated are invoked by
trauma(s) in adulthood through associative
memory networks causing Complex PTSD.
♦♦ apply methods of working with patients
dissociative defenses in psychotherapy.
Keywords: Case Study Developmental Trauma Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
16. Holm, O. (2008, November). Attachment and mental representations: Research, theory, and treatment - Sequential use of adult attachment inventory and EMDR to resolve negative cognitions in DDNOS: Six Spanish cases reports. Presentation at the 25th Annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Chicago, IL .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Attachment Adult Attachment Inventory DDNOS Negative Cognitions Research Spanish
Accuracy Verified: Yes
17. Cocco, N., & Sharpe, L. (1993, December). An auditory variant of eye movement desensitization in a case of childhood post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 24(4), 373-377. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(93)90062-2.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The present paper reports a case study documenting the success of a child-appropriate variant of eye movement desensitization (EMD) in the treatment of PTSD. Although there have been numerous case studies and some preliminary controlled trials of this method in adult cases of PTSD, there does not appear to be any information on its use in children. The available literature suggests that it is a more rapid and less traumatic treatment than traditional exposure based therapies. The present paper describes a child-appropriate auditory variant of eye-movement desensitization applied to a case of childhood PTSD. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Case Report Males Preschool Age Children Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Robbery Survivors Terrorism
Accuracy Verified: Yes
18. Leiner, A. S., Kearns, M. C., Jackson, J. L., Astin, M. C., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2012, January). Avoidant coping and treatment outcome in rape-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,80(2), 317-321. doi: 10.1037/a0026814.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract: Objective: This study investigated the impact of avoidant coping on treatment outcome in rape-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method: Adult women with rape-related PTSD (N = 62) received 9 sessions of prolonged exposure (PE) or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). The mean age for the sample was 34.7 years, and race or ethnicity was reported as 67.7% Caucasian, 25.8% African American, 3.2% Latina, and 3.2% other. PTSD was assessed with the PTSD Symptom Scale–Self-Report (Foa, Riggs, Dancu, & Rothbaum, 1993), and avoidant coping was assessed using the Coping Strategies Inventory–Disengagement subscale (CSI-D; Tobin, Holroyd, Reynolds, & Wigal, 1989). Results: Pretreatment avoidant coping was negatively associated with posttreatment PTSD symptom severity even when controlling for initial severity of total PTSD symptoms and when removing PTSD avoidance symptoms from the analysis to account for potential overlap between avoidant coping and PTSD avoidance symptoms: ΔR2 = .08, b = −0.31, 95% CI [−0.17, −0.01], t(60) = −2.27, p = .028. The CSI-D pretreatment mean score of 100 predicted a 96% likelihood of experiencing clinically significant change (CSC) during treatment. A CSI-D pretreatment score of 61 was associated with a 40% likelihood of experiencing CSC. Conclusions: PE and EMDR appear to be beneficial for women who frequently engage in avoidant coping responses following rape. A small subset of women with initially low levels of avoidant coping are unlikely to experience a therapeutic response from PE or EMDR. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Rape Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
19. Gomez, A. (2008, September). Beyond PTSD: Treating depression in children and adolescents using EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Traumatized children frequently exhibit symptoms of disorders other than PTSD. There is evidence of comorbidity between PTSD, depression and other behavioral disorders and a large overlap in symptom criteria between PTSD and depression in children and adolescents. The first part of this presentation explores what current research has identified as the key factors for the development of depression in children and adolescents. The evidence linking trauma, stress and PTSD to some forms of depression and the relationship between disorders of attachment, difficulties with affect regulation and the development of depression in children and adolescents will be explored. The second part of this presentation will introduce preliminary evidence that EMDR can be a potentially effective treatment for depression in children and adolescents through a series of case studies and anecdotal reports. The presentation will conclude with an overview of strategies for working with depressed children and adolescents across the eight phases of the EMDR protocol. Even though this presentation will focus on working with pediatric depression, it will provide a foundation for understanding and treating adult depression as well. Video clips of sessions will be shown to provide a concrete and tangible experience for clinicians.
Keywords: Adolescents Children Depression
Accuracy Verified: Yes
20. Korn, D., Weir, J., & Rozelle, D. (2005, June). Beyond the data: Clinical lesions learned from a four-year treatment outcome study comparing EMDR to prozac. Plenary presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
"Bridging the gap between research and clinical practice" is a challenging
and elusive goal. Outcome data, while critical for the legitimacy and
advancement of clinical work, often fail to translate into practical skill sets. It
is only when clinicians look beyond the data that they learn some of the
most valuable lessons of research.
In this session, we will present the results of a four-year, randomized
controlled study comparing EMDR to Prozac in the treatment of PTSD. We
will also explore the clinical and practical lessons learned throughout the
study. We will address assessment and history taking, treatment planning,
readiness for processing, target selection. transference and
countertransference, and adult versus childhood onset trauma.
We hope to give EMDR practitioners an in-depth analysis of the real-life
processes, dilemmas, and learning that took place during our protocol based
treatment outcome study. Video segments will be used to illustrate
clinical concepts and key points. And perhaps, most importantly, these
same segments will be used to demonstrate how we struggled to recognize
and learn from our own mistakes.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
21. Klaus, P. (2005, June). Birth trauma - Causes, effects, methods to heal: An EMDR approach. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Events at birth are traumatic and create feelings of powerlessness when they
are actually or appear life-threatening to self or loved ones, are sudden,
change quickly from "normal" to dangerous without explanation, and when
the situation appears overwhelming. There is no time to prepare, no way to
plan an escape or to prevent something from happening. A number of
events during labor or birth such as unplanned interventions, serious
problems in the mother, physical damage, a sick infant, and separation from
the baby can be classified as traumatic. Major trauma for a woman occurs
in childbirth when she has inordinate fear and is in a situation where she has no control. Other aspects of trauma are more subjective and relate to how
a woman is treated and how she perceives the experience, often causing
humiliation and stigma. Trauma during the prenatal period can affect the
parents' perception of the baby, their own self-concept, their relationship,
and can impair bonding and attachment. Early trauma can have both
immediate and long-range effects on the parents and the infant and may
create later in the adult psychological and somatic conditions and a
negative self-concept. Equally important is the history the parents bring to
this event as well as the quality of their relationship. Birth is a magnet for
unresolved issues to emerge. Clinicians will learn about the causes and
effects of these early traumas as well as methods, including EMDR to
uncover, resolve, and heal them.
Keywords: Birth Defects
Accuracy Verified: Yes
22. Klaus, P. (2007, June). Birth trauma: Causes, effects, methods to heal with EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Clinicians will gain an understanding of the types of
events that create psychological and physiological distress
and trauma both at birth and afterward. Many conditions
have their origin during this early period where generational
messages as well as traumatic events surrounding
birth and the early period of life can have negative effects.
Participants will learn methods to work within the infant
mind/body memory to retrieve early trauma and the subsequent
events that reinforced it as well as facilitate
healing through the life path of the individual. Clinicians
can benefit by recognizing the elements that influence
these situations, and with EMDR and other adjunctive
techniques learn to resolve these very early experiences to
help clients reach a higher level of adaptation for health.
Objectives:
1.Identify the characteristics of traumatic or negative birth
experiences.
2.Recognize the risk factors that affect the birth and can
be projected onto the infant.
3.Identify the effects of early trauma on parent-infant relationships,
bonding, the marital relationship, and on
the infant.
4.Learn about long-term psychological and somatic sequelae
of perinatal trauma on the adult individual.
5.Describe, demonstrate, and practice psychotherapeutic
methods with EMDR to help resolve and heal these experiences.
Keywords: Birth Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
23. Darker-Smith, S. (2007, June). Body memory - A single case study of recovered memories through treatment of EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This case is presented with the client’s full knowledge and consent. Personal details have been changed to protect the client’s identity.
This case involved an adult male client with an over-riding sense of low self esteem and self-sabotaging behaviours, including binge eating disorder, gambling and drinking.
The client had no clear target memories relating to any of his behaviours or beliefs about himself – but reported a deep-seated sense of self-disgust – with no clear idea of where this feeling originated from or the thought behind it.
With nothing else to work with, we focused on the target body sensation of self-disgust, orientating in the heart area. Upon this point, the client reported having a circumcision operation as a child of around 7 or 8 years of age. Although this did not initially appear relevant, the client was asked to stay with the body sensation in the groin area, upon which the client reported “seeing” the surgeon’s face with a look of disgust on it. The surgeon removed the client’s foreskin and threw it in a plastic basin, looking at the client with a look of utter disgust, which the client interpreted and internalised as “You disgust me.”
Following on this unusual revelation, with the client’s involvement, collaborative evidence was sought on the memory. The surgical procedure was confirmed to be true by the client’s mother, although it was also confirmed by medical staff and the client’s mother that the client has remained under anaesthetic throughout the entire procedure. This may explain the lack of initial memory and why the memory was only accessible through body sensation.
Upon further inquiry, the client stated: “I didn’t see the surgeon with my eyes – I saw his disgust in my heart.”
The client’s mother further confirmed that the surgeon had indeed been disgusted and possibly expressed his disgust – however, not at the client, but rather at the previous inferior surgical attempt at a circumcision which had been botched during the client’s infancy, hence the client’s need for the second operation. The client somehow had “felt” the surgeon’s disgust – but being of such a young age, interpreted it as being disgust at his boy, rather than the previous operation.
What is interesting to note is that the client made a full recovery with a normal attribution of self-esteem and a complete absence of self-sabotaging behaviours with two treatment sessions, following his initial body memory. At 6-month follow up there continues to be no return of any previous self-sabotaging behaviours (e.g., drinking, gambling, binge eating) and the client expresses a healthy self-esteem.
Keywords: Body Memory Case Study Recovered Memory Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
24. Kip, K. E., Sullivan, K. L., Lengacher, C. A., Rosenzweig, L., Hernandez, D. F., Kadel, R., Kozel, F. A., Shuman, A., Girling, S. A., Hardwick, M. J., & Diamond, D. M. (2013). Brief treatment of co-occurring post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms by use of accelerated resolution therapy. Front Psychiatry, 4(11). doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00011.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This uncontrolled prospective cohort study evaluated the use of accelerated resolution therapy (ART) for treatment of comorbid symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder. Twenty-eight adult subjects, mean age of 41years (79% female, 36% Hispanic), received a mean of 3.7±1.1 ART treatment sessions (range 1–5). ART is a new exposure-based psychotherapy that makes use of eye movements. Subjects completed a range of self-report psychological measures before and after treatment with ART including the 17-item PCL-C checklist (symptoms of PTSD) and 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). For the PCL-C, the pre-ART mean (±standard deviation) was 62.5 (8.8) with mean reductions of −29.6 (12.5), −30.1 (13.1), and −31.4 (14.04) at post-ART, 2-month, and 4-month follow-up, respectively (p<0.0001 for comparisons to pre-ART score). Compared to pre-ART status, this corresponded to standardized effect sizes of 2.37, 2.30, and 3.01, respectively. For the CES-D, the pre-ART mean was 35.1 (8.8) with mean reductions of −20.6 (11.0), −18.1 (11.5), and −15.6 (14.4) at post-ART, 2-month, and 4-month follow-up, respectively (p≤0.0001 compared to Pre-ART score). This corresponded to standardized effect sizes of 1.88, 1.58, and 1.09, respectively. Strong correlations were observed at 2-month and 4-month follow-up for post-treatment changes in PTSD and depression symptom scores (r=0.79, r=0.76, respectively, p≤0.0002). No serious treatment-related adverse effects were reported. In summary, ART appears to be a promising brief, safe, and effective treatment for adults with clinically significant comorbid symptoms of PTSD and depression. Future controlled and mechanistic studies with this emerging therapy are warranted, particularly given its short treatment duration, and in light of current heightened emphasis on health care cost constraints.
Keywords: Accelerated Resolution Therapy ART Brief Treatment Depression Exposure Therapy Eye Movements Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychological Trauma PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
25. Goldman, J., & Coane, J. (2010, October). A case of strategic collaboration: Two therapists and one DDNOS patient in end phase treatment. Presenttion at the 27th Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
A colleague, experienced in DID treatment, was
invited to collaborate by the primary therapist in the
end phase of treatment to facilitate patient movement
through the introduction of EMDR. The nature of the
collaborative relationship, its influence on transference
and countertransference, the contribution of the
different genders of the two therapists, as well as
issues of launching the patient more fully into adult
life as influenced by the collaboration will be explored. The rationale for introducing EMDR as well as its specific contribution will be explicated. The argument for therapeutic collaboration, as related to the patients
history and treatment process, will also be addressed.
Participants will be able to :
♦♦ List the indications for initiating adjunctive treatment.
♦♦ assess the effects of collaboration.
♦♦ appraise the treatment trajectory to decide
when to bring in another modality.
Keywords: DDNOS
Accuracy Verified: Yes
26. Dale, S. (2009, May). The case of the phantom foreskin: Using EMDR for pain after adult circumcision. Presentation at the EMDR Canada Conference, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
A 39-year-old man three years prior had had a circumcision due to his tight foreskin causing pain during
intercourse. After the surgery, the pain remained, though the foreskin was gone. EMDR successfully treated the
pain. This presentation reviews the role of EMDR in treatment of chronic pain. The impact of adult male
circumcision is discussed. Phantom limb pain in amputees and the use of EMDR in its treatment is presented. The
application to phantom foreskin pain is explored. The case study of the client’s EMDR is presented. Implications
and possible applications for EMDR for medical personnel and therapists are discussed.
Keywords: Circumcision Foreskin
Accuracy Verified: Yes
27. Loris, M., & Johnson, D. R. (2001, December). Case study: Client treatment preference and imaginal exposure in three cognitive behavioral PTSD treatment. Poster presented at the 17th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: This case discussion will examine the intervention of EMDR (Shapiro, 1989), Prolonged Exposure (Foa, Rothbaum, Riggs & Murdock, 1990), and the Counting Method (Ochberg, 1996) on three adult female patients with PTSD symptoms. A recent treatment outcome study of 40 female trauma victims (Johnson and Lubin, 2001 in press) comparing these three treatments finds that the efficacy of the three treatments is supported and that the element of imaginal exposure may be the critical therapeutic factor. The presentation of these three cases focuses on the issue of client’s treatment preference and client personality traits as factors which may interface with imaginal exposure in treatment efficacy.
Keywords: Counting Method Prolonged Exposure Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
28. McFarlane, A. (2003, October-November). CBT vs. EMDR in the treatment of PTSD. In B. A. van der Kolk (Chair), Treatment outcome studies of PTSD. Symposium conducted at the 19th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Treatment Outcome Studies of PTSD: This symposium presents three large carefully controlled treatment
outcome studies using four different treatment modalities (CBT,
EMDR, psychopharmacology and Cognitive Processing) and presents
data on comparative efficacy, treatment responsiveness and
resistance, effects on comorbidity, quality of life, and biological
changes that accompany symptom improvement.
CBT vs. EMDR in the treatment of PTSD: 114 subjects were randomized into the study, but only 45 completed
up to week 10. The subjects in the study comprise 45 sufferers of
Post traumatic stress disorder as defined by the Clinician
Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) (caps score > 50, and who satisfied
criteria A,B,C and D for PTSD diagnosis) and the PCL-C (PCL-C>50).
All subjects were victims of a traumatic experience and were
recruited through newspaper or radio advertisements, referrals from
private practitioners (18 subjects) or through the State Government
Insurance Commission (SGIC) (27 subjects). Subjects were randomised
into one of three treatments. Fourteen subjects received
EMDR, 21 received CBT and 10 were control subjects. The mean
age of the sample was 41.38 (SD=11.55) with the minimum age of
19 and the maximum age of 61. Sixteen of the subjects were male
and 29 were female. During the treatment period 17 of the subjects
were taking antidepressants and 6 were taking anxiolytics.
Approximately half of the sample was married (22 subjects 48.9%),
12 had never married, 4 were separated, 1 was defacto and 6 were
divorced. The mean number of treatment sessions for the entire
sample was 8.53 (SD 1.65). Out of the 45 participants in the study, 26
had suffered only one single trauma in their lives, 11 had experienced
several single traumas, 3 had suffered one ongoing trauma
and 5 individuals had suffered at least one ongoing and one specific
trauma. The following results were performed on the treatment
groups (total 35 subjects), with the control group being excluded
from all analyses. All subjects, were aged between 18 and 65, lived
in metropolitan Adelaide and had an adequate command of
English (reading and writing).All subjects gave informed consent to
the study and expressed their willingness to comply with the protocol.
Subjects with a history of adult seizure disorder, organic brain
disease or who were assessed to be at significant suicide risk (a
score of 3 or more on suicide question in HAM-D), were excluded
from the study, as were subjects taking psychotropic drugs (anticonvulsive/
antipsychotic) or sedatives more than 4 times a week. All
assessment and treatment sessions were conducted at the
University of Adelaide Department of Psychiatry at the Queen
Elizabeth Hospital. Assessment sessions were conducted by trained
research assistants and all therapy sessions were conducted by a
clinical psychologist, trained in both EMDR and CBT. Subjects were
assessed for suitability to enter the study via an initial screening
instrument (sent out to subjects in the post) and an initial screening
interview. Patients were further evaluated at week 0
(baseline/immediately prior to commencement of treatment), 3, 4,
6, 8 10, 20 (10 week followup).
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
29. Wesselmann, D., & Potter, A. E. (2009). Change in adult attachment status following treatment with EMDR: Three case dtudies. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(3),178-191. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.3.178.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Three case studies illustrate pre- and post-eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) adult attachment status as measured by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Two adult males and one adult female presented for outpatient therapy; all of them were categorized with an insecure or disorganized attachment status at pretreatment. All presented with symptoms of depression and anxiety and complaints regarding problems in their current marital and family relationships. The three patients received 10 to 15 EMDR sessions over the course of approximately 1 year, interspersed with talk therapy sessions for the purpose of debriefing and psychoeducation. The EMDR approach utilized all eight phases of treatment within the three-pronged approach. Following EMDR therapy, all three patients made positive changes in attachment status as measured by the AAI, and all three reported positive changes in emotions and relationships. This article provides an overview of the literature related to adult attachment categories and summarizes the effect of adult attachment status on emotional and social functioning. The rationale and scoring procedures for the AAI are explained.
Keywords: Adult Attachment Interview Attachment Outcome Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
30. Inoue, N., Nawa, J., Katoh, T., & Shirakawa, M. (2010, July). Changes in personality functioning over the course of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing trauma therapy: Findings on the early changes. Poster presented at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Objective: Although eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is said not only to reduce trauma-related
symptoms but also to enhance ability to function in life, its effectiveness in other than reducing trauma-related symptoms
has yet to be verified. The objective of this study was to explore the broad range of effectiveness of EMDR, especially changes
in the personality functioning during the early phase of treatment. Methods: Using the non-randomized design, we assessed
and compared the treatment changes in subjects treated with EMDR and subjects who participated in the psycho-education
course of trauma. Eligible subjects were adult women who experienced human-caused trauma such as domestic violence,
rape, or childhood abuse. The Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS) was used as the first outcome measure to evaluate
personality functioning, and self-report questionnaires and a clinical interview for trauma-related symptoms were used as
the secondary outcome measures. Subjects of both groups were assessed at the time of enrollment in the study and 4 months
after the enrollment. We completed the evaluation of 5 and 6 subjects in the EMDR and the control group, respectively.
Results: The CS index for self-esteem and self-concern was improved in the EMDR sample compared with the controls.
Women treated with EMDR showed increased openness to internal and external stimuli (assessed by CS F%), whereas some
women in the control group even developed a tendency to avoid internal and external stimuli after 4 months. Conclusion:
The differences of early changes in personality functioning between the EMDR group and the controls will be discussed in
detail.
Keywords: Changes in Personality Functioning Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
31. Monahan, K., & Forgash, C. (2012, March). Childhood sexual abuse and adult physical and dental health outcomes. In E. A. Kalfoğlu & R. Faikoglu (Eds.), Sexual Abuse - Breaking the Silence (pp. 137-152). Intechopen.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Along the same lines, evidence-based assessment and interventions must be in line with the
finding of how significant the subjective impressions of sexual assault are for incarcerated
older adults in treatment. A promising intervention that is being piloted in the criminal
justice system with younger age groups is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
(EMDR). EMDR specifically targets change in subjective units of distress among trauma
survivors, particularly sexual abuse survivors, which in turn reduces post traumatic stress
symptoms (Kitchiner, 2000). Moreover, previous research with incarcerated juvenile
offenders shows that EMDR can work in reducing post traumatic stress reactivity resulting
in less violent behavior and conduct problems among samples. Its utility for older adults,
especially those with histories of sexual assault victimization and perpetration is perhaps a
promising intervention. The use of evidence-based practices suggests that untreated trauma
and grief are related to increased adult recidivism rates (Leach et al., 2008). Therefore,
treating psychological distress and untreated symptoms effectively, which involves both
screening and treatment that captures subjective experiences, may help to break the cycle of
recidivism and in some case sexual offending. [Excerpt]
Keywords: Dental Health Physical Health
Accuracy Verified: Yes
32. Loris, M., & Johnson, D. R. (2001, December). Client treatment preference and imaginal exposure in three cognitive behavioral PTSD treatments. Presentation at the 17th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This case discussion will examine the intervention of EMDR (Shapiro, 1989),
Prolonged Exposure (Foa, Rothbaum, Riggs & Murdock, 1990), and the Counting
Method (Ochberg, 1996) on three adult female patients with PTSD symptoms. A recent
treatment outcome study of 40 female trauma victims (Johnson and Lubin, 2001 in
press) comparing these three treatments finds that the efficacy of the three treatments
is supported and that the element of imaginal exposure may be the critical therapeutic
factor. The presentation of these three cases focuses on the issue of client’s treatment
preference and client personality traits as factors which may interface with imaginal
exposure in treatment efficacy.
Keywords: Imaginal Exposure Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
33. Leeds, A. M., & Korn, D. L. (1998, July). Clinical applications of EMDR in the treatment of adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Baltimore, MD.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This paper was co-presented with with Deborah L. Korn, Psy.D. In my portion of this presentation I introduced Alan Schore's research on the neurobiological correlates of early trauma and abuse and with implications for treatment stragegy. The presentation covered the use of EMDR, Resource Development and Resource Installation methods across the entire treatment plan. Dr. Korn reviewed treatment principles and adaptations to the EMDR trauma protocol for this population.[Author abstract]
Participants will learn how to: 1) apply specific EMDR protocols in each of the three strategies of recovery: stabilization and safety, trauma focused processing, and reconnection and identify development; 2) integrate ego strengthening strategies into a comprehensive EMDR based treatment plan for clients who have limited affect tolerance and self-capacities; 3) apply cognitive interweave strategies to address blocking beliefs and fears about the treatment process; and 4) use EMDR to address maladaptive schemas commonly seen in this population.[Conference Program Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Neglect Sexual Abuse Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
34. Leeds, A. M., & Korn, D. L. (1998, October). Clinical applications of EMDR in the treatment of adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. Presentation at The Menninger Clinic, Topeka, KS.
Language: English
Format: Other
Keywords: Abuse Adult Neglect Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
35. Korn, D. (2001, June). Clinical applications of EMDR in treating adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. Preconference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will focus on integrating EMDR into a phase-oriented recovery plan in treating adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. EMDR applications with the full range of trauma-related syndromes, including simple and complex PTSD, Borderline Personality Disorder and Dissociative Disorders, will be addressed. Treatment planning and pacing will be discussed in view of presenting problem, attachment style, defenses, and self-capacities. In recognition of clients' rigid, maladaptive schemas, poor impulse control, dissociative tendencies and limited affect tolerance, strategies for modifying and supplementing standard EMDR protocols will be explored, Significant attention will be devoted to integratring EMDR ego strengthening and resource development protocols into all phases of treatment.
Keywords: Borderline Personality Disorder Child Abuse Dissociative Disorders Ego Strengthening Neglect Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Resource Development
Accuracy Verified: Yes
36. Makinson, R. A., & Young, J. S. (2012, April). Cognitive behavioral therapy and the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Where counseling and neuroscience meet. Journal of Counseling & Development, 90(2), 131-140. doi:10.1111/j.1556-6676.2012.00017.x .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
There is increasing evidence to support the biological basis of mental disorders. Subsequently, understanding the neurobiological context from which mental distress arises can help counselors appropriately apply cognitive behavioral therapy and other well-researched cognitive interventions. The purpose of this article is to describe the neurobiological context underlying the formation and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorders, a mental disorder frequently encountered by counselors, from a cognitive therapy framework.
Recent changes to the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (2009) accreditation standards include the need for counselors-in-training to understand the neurobiological basis of behavior, which marks a new direction for the training of professional counselors who have historically reacted ambivalently toward medical models for understanding client concerns and treatments. Yet recent findings in neuroscience actually support the verbally based interventions that counselors typically use in treatment; therefore, there is much to be gained by counselors and counselor educators in understanding the basics of human neurobiology and how commonly used counseling interventions intervene on these biological systems. The National Institute of Mental Health (2010) stated in a recent strategic plan that “Important discoveries in areas such as genetics, neuroscience, and behavioral science largely account for the substantial gains in knowledge that have helped us to understand the complexities of mental illnesses and behavioral disorders over the past 15 years” (“Introduction,” para. 4).
Given the increasingly biological focus of mental health research, the practicing counselor is faced with the task of understanding and using the emerging mental health treatments and explaining to clients, to reimbursing agencies, and to the broader public how counseling fits within the medically dominated mental health culture. Some counselors have long reacted ambivalently toward the pathologically oriented diagnostic categories of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV;American Psychiatric Association, 1994) system and the medication-dominated world of psychiatry. For example, the contrasting viewpoints on this issue were published in the Journal of Counseling & Development between Allen and Mary Ivey (1998, 1999) and Scott Hinkle (1999). Ivey and Ivey (1998) argued for a developmental interpretation to the DSM-IV, opposing what they called the “pathological view” (p. 334) of the manual. According to Ivey and Ivey, disorders could be viewed through a positive development tradition to lie not within the individual but within the contextual systems in which a person lives. Subsequently, disorders are viewed as a “logical response to a developmental history” (Ivey & Ivey, 1999, p. 484). By contrast, Hinkle (1999) argued that because anxiety and depressive disorders “are the most common clinical symptoms associated with presentation to counseling” (p. 475), the counseling profession is weakened if counselors shy away from direct participation in the DSM nomenclature and treatment parlance. As Hinkle indicated, “mental disorders according to the medical model describe disease processes, not people” (p. 475). Regardless of the reader's philosophical perspective, practicing counselors know participation in medical and psychiatric systems is necessary at times. Also, recent discoveries in the field of neuroscience are providing evidence that interventions often used by counselors have direct physiological impact on client neurobiology (Kennedy et al., 2007; Linden, 2006). For example, Felmingham et al. (2007) demonstrated significant differences in brain activity before and after 8 weeks of exposure therapy, which correlated with a reduction in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. Similarly, Paquette et al. (2003) found that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) alters the activation and metabolism of specific brain regions following successful treatment of spider phobia. These findings, along with others (for a detailed review, see Beauregard, 2007; Frewen, Dozois, & Lanius, 2008), are significant because they support the techniques, interventions, and approaches used by counselors and provide a mechanism by which counseling positively affects brain physiology. Within the emerging physiologically based treatment milieu, counselors should be prepared to articulate how cognitive counseling interventions make measurable changes to the client. Although cognitive-behavioral-based approaches are effective in the treatment of a number of psychiatric illnesses, adult PTSD is arguably one of the best understood mental disorders from a neurological perspective. It thus presents a valuable model for exploring not only the basic tenets of neurobiology but also the mechanisms behind its successful treatment. Furthermore, PTSD is a disorder that counselors will likely encounter in practice.
PTSD is a mental disorder characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms due to environmental exposure to a psychologically stressful event such as war, natural disaster, or sexual victimization. Thus, it provides a clear example of how, even in adulthood, neurological adaptation (in this case maladaptive changes) can functionally “rewire” the brain in a short period of time, resulting in a sustained array of clinical symptoms. The diagnostic criteria for PTSD are a history of exposure to a traumatic event meeting two criteria and symptoms from each of three symptom clusters: intrusive recollections, avoidant/numbing symptoms, and hyperarousal symptoms. A fifth criterion concerns duration of symptoms and a sixth assesses functioning (American Psychiatric Association, 2000).
The National Comorbidity Survey Replication, conducted between February 2001 and April 2003 (Kessler et al., 2005), determined that the estimated lifetime prevalence of PTSD among American adults is 6.8%, with women (9.7%) twice as likely as men (3.6%) to have the disorder at some point in their lives. These findings are very similar to those of the first National Comorbidity Survey conducted in the early 1990s (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, & Nelson, 1995), which was composed of interviews of a representative national sample of 8,098 Americans ages 15 to 54 years. In this earlier sample, the estimated prevalence of lifetime PTSD was 7.8% in the general population. As in the more recent survey, women (10.4%) were more than twice as likely as men (5%) to have PTSD at some point in their lives (Kessler et al., 2005; Kessler et al., 1995).
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Neurobiological Basis of Behavior Neurobiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
37. Davidson, M. M., Potter, A. E., & Wesselmann, R. D. (2010, September/October). Comparing dialectical behavior therapy to eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A phase-based trauma treatment pilot project. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Internation Association, Minneapolis, MN.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
• More effective methods to treat adults affected by childhood trauma, disturbed attachments, and adulthood intimate partner violence are critically needed.
• Research utilizing Adult Attachment Interview (Hess, 1999) had found that when mothers hold unresolved memories of loss or childhood abuse, their children typically develop disorganized attachments and that when mothers are poorly or inconsistently responsive to their children’s cues, the children typically develop insecure attachments • A history of abuse by childhood attachment figures also increases the likelihood of becoming involved in domestic violence experiences in adulthood for both sexes (Gratz, 2009; Henderson et al, 2005) • Previous research has demonstrated that attachment experiences influence emotional functioning and vulnerability to emotion dysregulation (Critchheld et al, 2008). Numerous empirical works demonstrate the relationship between attachment style and aggression (e. g., Sockwaite et al, 2002; Henderson et al, 2005)
• Emotion dysregulation and problems with impulse control and unstable relationships are common symptoms associated with childhood abuse by attachment figures (Fonagy, 1997; Bhipman et al, 2005)
• Funding more effective treatment for problems in functioning related to childhood trauma and attachment issues is imperative. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) are two approaches that have proven beneficial in treating individuals with borderline personality disorders and trauma, respectively, and thus, could prove beneficial as treatment modalities for childhood trauma and attachment problems
• The current investigation is a pilot study aimed at evaluating a treatment protocol aimed at effectively assisting adults with a history of childhood abuse and/or intimate partner violence to regulate emotions, resolve childhood trauma, move toward a healthier and more secure attachment status, and reduce the risk of repeating the cycle of violence and child abuse. More specifically, this pilot project evaluated a phase-based trauma treatment program that included (a) a year-long, initial emotion regulation skills-training phases utilizing DBT and (b) a second phase of either 10 individual sessions of EMDR or 10 individual session focused on further DBT skills training
Keywords: DBT Dialectical Behavior Therapy Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
38. Khosropour, F., Ebrahiminejad, G. H., Salehi, M., & Farzad, V. (2012, April-May). Comparing the effectiveness of psychological debriefing, eye movement desensitization reprocessing, and imaginal exposure on treatment of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 19(2), 149-159 .
Language: Farsi (Iran)
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background & Aims: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is considered as one of the most prevalent disorder during the life time and can negatively influence the individual, family and social relationships of patients, so, prevention and treatment of this disorder is highly important. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), psychological debriefing (PD), and imaginal exposure (IE) are some treatment methods, but there is controversy about long effects of these treatments, especially among chronic patients.
Method: In a semi experimental study, a total of 54 adult male patients, based on Davidson scale and psychiatric diagnostic, were randomly selected, and then were divided into 3 equal therapy groups. All participants were evaluated before, after and 3 months after the treatment. Data were analyzed through the repeated variance and Duncan post-hoc tests.
Results: Psychological debriefing and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing were better than imaginal exposure in relief of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder signs and remaining the effectiveness in three months follow-up.
Conclusion: It is concluded that all of the above methods are effective on chronic post-traumatic stress disorder and the efficacy of the therapeutic techniques would be still in force even after 3 months.
Considering the importance of psychological interventions, it is necessary that such methods be taught to psychologists so that they can use them after traumatic accidents.
Keywords: Imaginal Exposure Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychological Debriefing PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
39. Oncley, P. R. (1992). A comparison of eye movement desensitization and implosion-like therapy with adult victims of sexual abuse. Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, CA. AAT 9302718.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is a recently developed technique that has been reported in the literature to be effective in treating many of the symptoms associated with PTSD. This study investigated the role of saccadic eye movements in this technique by utilizing a multiple-baseline, across subjects design with 4 adult victims of childhood sexual abuse.Eye movement desensitization conditions (EMD) were compared to non saccadic eye movement conditions (NM) utilizing a Latin square design over one treatment session. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID-R) and the PTSD module of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III (SCID) were used for initial diagnosis and screening. Treatment effectiveness between the intervention phase and 1 week follow-up was assessed using the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the PTSD Symptom Checklist. Skin conductance response (SCR), heart rate, and subjective units of distress (SUDS) were assessed during pretreatment, treatment, posttreatment, and follow-up phases. Results showed no significant differences across subjects among SCR, heart rate, and SUDS between the EMD and NM conditions. IES and PTSD Symptom Checklist follow-up data showed symptom improvement for 3 of the 4 subjects. One subject's intrusive symptoms worsened. All subjects displayed less physiological reactivity to the traumatic imagery at follow-up. Mechanisms that contribute to the effectiveness of EMD and recommendations for future study were discussed. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Arousal Child Abuse Exposure Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
40. Tofani, L. R. (2007). Complex separation, individuation processes, and anxiety disorders in young adulthood. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 265-283). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Research has shown that anxiety in children is highly influenced by parenting style, perception of family support (Rapee & Melville, 1997), and family relational patterns. Social Anxiety Disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) is considered to be a common disorder in young adults. According to Shapiro's (1995, 2001) Adaptive Information Processing model, a neurotic symptomatic situation in a young adult with an unfinished separation process may be connected to unresolved separations and other past traumas. This chapter discusses research and clinical evidence, and treatment of young adults with complex separation problems. Integration of family systems therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 2001) is discussed. In this integrated treatment procedure, family therapy follows the experiential family systems therapy approach (Giat Roberto, 1992; Napier & Whitaker, 1978), with elements of multigenerational and Structural Family Therapy styles (Bowen, 1978; Minuchin & Fishman, 1992). The EMDR standard protocol is followed. A case example and concluding discussion complete the chapter. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Family Relations Family Systems Therapy Family Systems Theory Family Therapy Individuation Integrative Psychotherapy Separation Anxiety Separation Individuation Separation Problems Separation Reactions Structural Family Therapy Young Adulthood
Accuracy Verified: Yes
41. Schmidt, S. J. (2008, September). Connecting to a team of resource ego states to prepare for EMDR trauma processing. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Sometimes it is difficult to assess readiness for emotionally taxing EMDR trauma processing. The first half of this workshop will cover a protocol for helping clients connect with three Resource ego states – a Nurturing Adult Self, a Protective Adult Self, and a Spiritual Core Self. Clients with sufficient ego strength for trauma work will readily connect to these Resources. Clients with poor ego strength often encounter blocks when connecting to Resource ego states. The second half of the workshop will cover an ego strengthening intervention for clearing such blocks. This intervention can help prepare clients to tolerate trauma work.
Keywords: Ego States
Accuracy Verified: Yes
42. Lohrasbe, R. S. (2010, April/May). Connecting to a team of resource ego states to prepare for EMDR trauma processing. Presentation at the annual meeting of EMDR Canada, Toronto, Ontario.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
It can be difficult to assess readiness for emotionally taxing EMDR trauma processing. The first half of this workshop will cover a protocol for helping clients connect with three resource ego states – a Nurturing Adult Self, a Protective Adult Self, and a Spiritual Core Self. Clients with sufficient ego strength for trauma work will readily connect to these resources. Clients with poor ego strength often encounter blocks when connecting to resource ego states. The second half of the workshop will cover an ego-strengthening intervention for clearing such blocks. This intervention can help prepare clients to tolerate trauma work.
Keywords: Resource Ego States
Accuracy Verified: Yes
43. Rothbaum, B. O. (1997, Summer). A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disordered sexual assault victims. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 61(3), 317-334.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a new method developed to treat PTSD. This study evaluated the efficacy of EMDR compared to a no-treatment wait-list control in the treatment of PTSD in adult female sexual assault victims. 21 subjects were entered and 18 completed. Treatment was delivered in 4 weekly individual sessions. Assessments were conducted pre- and posttreatment and 3 months following treatment termination by an independent assessor kept blind to treatment condition. Measures included standard clinician- and self-administered PTSD and related psychopathology scales. Results indicated that subjects treated with EMDR improved significantly more on PTSD and depression from pre- to posttreatment than control subjects, leading to the conclusion that EMDR was effective in alleviating PTSD in this study. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Empirical Study Females Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial Rape RCT Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
44. Gerardi, M., Rothbaum, B. O., Astin, M.C., & Kelley, M. (2010, June). Cortisol response following exposure treatment for PTSD in rape victims. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 19(4), 349-356. doi:10.1080/10926771003781297.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study examined changes in salivary cortisol levels pre-to-post-treatment in adult female rape victims diagnosed with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) randomly assigned to be treated with either Prolonged Exposure Therapy or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. Salivary cortisol was collected at baseline, session 3, and session 9. A significant decrease in salivary cortisol levels was observed in individuals classified as treatment responders in both treatment conditions. Findings suggest that successful exposure-based treatments for PTSD which result in trauma-related and depressive symptom reduction may impact the action of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as measured by changes in level of salivary cortisol from pre-to-post-treatment.
Keywords: Rape Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
45. Leeds, A. M. (2007, June). Criteria for assuring appropriate clinical use and avoiding misuse of resource development and installation when treating complex posttraumatic stress syndromes. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The consensus model of treatment for patients with complex posttraumatic syndromes emphasizes assuring adequate stabilization before and during uncovering and resolving of traumatic memories (Brown, Scheflin, & Hammond, 1998; Chu, 1998; Courtois, 1999; Hart, Nijenhius, Steele, 2006). Resource Development and Installation (RDI) has been described in a series of published case reports as an effective stabilizing intervention for adult survivors of adverse childhood experiences (Korn & Leeds, 2202; Leeds, 1997, 1998, 2001b; Leeds & Shapiro, 2000; Popky, 2005). These clinical case reports of RDI have been described observed decreases in intense shame, depersonalization, angry outbursts, self-injurious behaviors, compulsive eating, obsessive self-critical thoughts, persistent negative emotional states (misery), sexual acting out, and substance abuse. There are now several published procedural descriptions (Korn & Leeds, 2002; Leeds, 2001; Leeds & Shapiro, 2000) and a summary in the standard reference text on EMDR (Shapiro, 2001).
The growing use of RDI by EMDR trained clinicians has been followed by reports indicating that a significant number of patients with post traumatic stress syndromes who meet standard EMDR readiness criteria for ego strength and stability have been persistently offered RDI without being offered standard EMDR reprocessing. EMDR has been shown to produce stable, enduring treatment effects for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. RDI has not. Until recently (Korn et al, 2004; Leeds, 2005, 2006; Shapiro, 2004) little attention has been given to assuring appropriate use and avoiding misuse of RDI. This presentation will describe serious clinical and professional issues in continuing to offer RDI over repeated treatment sessions to patients with posttraumatic stress syndromes who meet or achieve readiness criteria for standard EMDR reprocessing and in failing to offer or in excessively delaying EMDR reprocessing.
This presentation will clarify and review specific criteria for identifying: for which patients (1) and clinical situations (2) the use of RDI is indicated; for which patients and clinical situations (3) RDI should be offered cautiously, if at al, but alternate stabilization methods should be considered; and for which patients (4) RDI should not be offered but where standard EMDR processing should be offered without delay. An overview of RDI procedural steps will be presented (5) to clarify its clinical application. Strategies will be offered to address technical, clinical and countertransference issues that may b associated with misuse or excessive use of RDI. A series of ten clinical vignettes will be presented to illustrate appropriate clinical use, clinical cautions and misuse of RDI.
Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD RDI Resource Development and Installation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
46. Stewart-Grey, E. (2008). De-stress: A qualitative investigation of EMDR treatment. Capella University, Minneapolis, MN. AAT 3329849.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
There is no qualitative knowledge of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) with a sub-clinical stressed population. The vast majority of EMDR research has focused on traumatized populations, leaving a significant gap in what the non-traumatized or sub-clinically stressed clients experience. Sub-clinical stress includes any level of stress that does not meet the DSM-IV-TR criteria for PTSD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lived experiences of body sensations, emotions, beliefs, and imagery during EMDR treatment of participants with sub-clinical stress. Participants fit into either a young adult (18-35), adult (36-49), or older adult (50-60) maturity category and did not meet the criteria for PTSD. The sample consisted of 12 participants, from a large metropolitan area in the Northeastern United States. A qualitative phenomenological design was used to gather data following the EMDRIAs treatment protocol including a final interview asking questions about what the participants experienced in their body, thoughts, emotions, and memory images. The data was analyzed using constant comparative techniques using open coding and will be verified with member check techniques. The results identify five thematic holistic experiences across the participants. The themes of responsibility, safety, choices, power, and value emerged from the data. The results imply that is may be necessary to address all 5 themes for effective stress resolution. Also, the scholarly, clinical, and practical understanding of the Adaptive Information Processing Model concepts of responsibility, safety, and choices manifest in participants lived sensory experiences are now expanded and in need of additional research. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Effects Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
47. Errebo, N. (2010, July). A decade of EMDR humanitarian trainings in Asia. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In 1999, EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs (HAP) began its work in Asia in Bangladesh. Since then HAP teams have
trained clinicians in India, Indonesia, China, Thailand, Sri Lanka. This presentation will summarize what has been learned
from ten years of experience in Asia. The EMDR HAP training in Sri Lanka following the 2004 tsunami will be presented in
detail. Issues addressed will include needs assessment, organization, collaboration among organizations, ethics, cultural
competence ,and program evaluation. Videotapes will show training and sessions of trainees with tsunami survivors. The
presentation will show how to train participants to think, write, and speak about EMDR as well as how to competently and
ethically utilize EMDR with clients.
An EMDR training program was conducted as a joint project of three organizations: EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs
(HAP), International Relief Teams (IRT), and the Sri Lankan National Counselors Association (SRILNAC). Between March and
December 2005, 30 Sri Lankan counselors were trained in EMDR. These counselors demonstrated competence in EMDR on
several measures, treated more than 1,000 children and more than 350 adult tsunami victims with EMDR in 2005, provided
narrative reports and outcome measures for most of their clients, and formed the Sri Lanka EMDR Association (SEA). The
crucial steps in establishing and implementing this training program are explained, with a summary of the subjective
impressions and learning experiences most valued by the training team, including an excerpt from a trainer’s journal. This
information may be useful to future cross-cultural humanitarian efforts following large-scale disasters.
This article summarizes the crucial steps in establishing and carrying out this training program as well. Previous HAP programs
in Bangladesh and Turkey (Konuk et al., 2006) had led to the development of a model of therapist training and service delivery
following large-scale natural disasters. Great need for mental health treatment in developing countries following a disaster
and the even greater challenge of delivering effective, culturally competent mental health treatment in these situations.
Silove and Bryant (2006) praised the rapid needs assessment after the tsunami as an important advancement in psychiatric
epidemiology that demonstrated the value of such assessment in guiding mental health interventions after disasters.They
pointed out that the controversy over whether to offer psychological treatment after disasters confuses funding agencies
and those planning mental health programs after disasters. Their concerns were echoed in Raphael and Stevens’s (2006)
delineation of the emerging consensus about good mental health practice after disasters in an article that was not a part of
the Bangkok symposium. IRT directors, EMDR-HAP staff, and SRILNAC leaders discussed crucial political, ethical, economic,
and logistical decisions in conference calls and e-mails. They outlined a program that would be responsive to the culture and
needs of Sri Lanka, would provide world-class EMDR training and consultation, and would follow International Society for
Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) guidelines for mental health programs in post disaster situations (Weine et al., 2002). Following
the funding mandate of IRT, the HAP team took responsibility for ensuring that services would in fact be delivered to tsunami
survivors and that those services would be clinically effective. Therefore, requirements for continuing participation were quite
specific, and trainees were more thoroughly evaluated than in previous HAP projects. These 30 counselors treated more than
1,350 tsunami survivors with EMDR between March and December 2005 and submitted outcome reports on these sessions
that show marked improvement in PTSD symptoms. We know from e-mail contact that a number of participants continue
to use EMDR effectively. As mentioned Important elements of the HAP training program in Sri Lanka included (a) adequate
funding, (b) selection of trainees, (c) negotiation of objectives among HAP,IRT, and SRILNAC, (d) the pre-EMDR training in
traumatology, (e) the consultation between trainings,(f ) the requirements for ongoing participation in the training, (g) a
variety of measures of competence in EMDR, (h) the continuing, ongoing consultation with trainees, and (i) dedication. A
project like this is expensive. IRT received.
Keywords: Asia HAP Humanitarian Assistance Programs Trainings
Accuracy Verified: Yes
48. Forgash, C. A. (2005, June). Deepening EMDR treatment effects across the trauma spectrum: Integrating EMDR and ego state work. Föreningen EMDR Sverige, EMDR Tidningen, 7(2), 6-14.
Language: English
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
The concepts, interventions, and techniques presented in this workshop are culled from theory and techniques of
working with the range of the dissociative disorders). They have proved to be an effective addition to the preparation
stage of the EMDR protocol. In other words, they can be used with clients who dissociate under certain conditions but
do not have a dissociative disorder
Most of the traumatized clients seen for EMDR treatment have a range of dissociative symptoms as well as
symptoms of PTSD. This combination of PTSD and a dissociative disorder is often labeled DDNOS. However, people
with a more complex variety of PTSD usually have experienced very early and enduring severe physical or sexual
abuse (generally perpetrated by a family member), atrocities, war, or severe environmental disruption such as
earthquakes. They are more accurately diagnosed with disorders of extreme stress (DESNOS). For these clients, the
dissociated neural networks, or dissociative fragmentation, cause serious problems in adult life.
The adaptive information processing system is on hold for these dissociated fragments or parts. They are easily
triggered by internal or external cues to which they can have extreme reactions, (flashbacks, amnesia, losing time and
place, and so forth.)
Our goal as therapists is to use EMDR to help clients (and their internal dissociated neural networks or parts) find
stability and resources to function adaptively in their present life, and then desensitize and reprocess the dissociated
trauma memories and the PTSD symptoms.
We aim to help our clients manage their symptoms. It is not our goal to eliminate dissociation, which has been a
major survival strategy, but to help the client utilize it with conscious control.
It is important to note that attachment issues are an aspect of development that are especially impacted by trauma.
The attachment styles of the family pre trauma may have already affected the client in negative ways, impacting the
client's resources and responses to trauma.
One way to look at this set of problems is to utilize two approaches in the preparation phase of EMDR. These
approaches combine the treatment of dissociative symptoms with ego state work and are an essential aspect of treating
these clients with EMDR. This work may extend the preparation phase considerably, but will add safety and structure
to the trauma processing experiences for these clients.
Keywords: Ego State Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
49. Schmidt, S. J. (2003, September). Developmental needs meeting strategy for EMDR therapists. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This new approach for correcting developmental deficits involves meeting unmet developmental and attachment needs, to help clients get unstuck from the past. Participants will be able to: a) install a Healing Circle composed of a Spiritual Core, Nurturing Adult, and Protective Child Self; b) generally describe the 20-Step protocol for meeting developmental needs; c) identify which steps in the protocol are for meeting needs, processing strong emotions, and creating secure attachments; d) identify when to use the 20-Step protocol and when to use trauma-focused EMDR; and e) describe ways to integrate the Healing Circle with trauma-focused EMDR.
Keywords: Developmental Needs Meeting Strategy Healing Circle
Accuracy Verified: Yes
50. Phillips, K. (2003, May). Diagnosis and treatment of Adult ADHD – A life changing issue. In EMDR with specific clinical populations. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: ADHD Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
51. Baardseth, T. P. (2012, May). Direct comparisons of cognitive-behavioral treatments and bona fide non-cognitive-behavioral treatments for adult anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis. University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Despite growing evidence that all treatments intended to be therapeutic (i.e., bona fide
treatments) are equally efficacious, the question of relative efficacy persists. In fact, cognitivebehavioral
treatments (CBT) have gained a more favorable status over non-CBT treatments for
adult anxiety disorders. However, the assertion that CBT treatments are superior is premature
due to conceptual and methodological issues affecting the extant CBT research. This metaanalysis
addressed these limitations by consensually identifying CBT treatments and determining
the true relative efficacy of bona fide CBT and bona fide non-CBT treatments for adult anxiety
disorders. The study employed strict inclusion criteria to identify randomized clinical trials that
contained at least one direct comparison of a bona fide CBT treatment and a bona fide non-CBT
treatment. Additionally, 91 CBT experts from the Association of Behavioral and Cognitive
Therapists (ABCT) were surveyed to identify the bona fide treatments as CBT or non-CBT.
Thirteen clinical trials met inclusion criteria. CBT treatments and non-CBT treatments were
found to be equally efficacious across targeted and non-targeted outcome measures. Additional
analyses revealed that researcher allegiance did not account for the significant heterogeneity. The
results are consistent with the increasing evidence for uniform efficacy among treatments
intended to be therapeutic, and stand in contrast to assertions for the superiority of CBT
treatments for adult anxiety. This meta-analysis contributes to the growing body of research
revealing that a particular therapeutic approach is not more effective than another treatment
when intended to be therapeutic.
Keywords: Adults Anxiety Disorders Meta-Analysis
Accuracy Verified: Yes
52. Ravaglia, G. (2003). E.M.D.R. e percorso analitico [EMDR and path analysis]. Gianfranco Ravaglia.
Language: Italian
Format: Other
Abstract:
Le tesi sviluppate negli scritti di questo sito
rinviano a vari indirizzi psicoterapeutici che convergono nel considerare i disturbi psicologici come esiti di atteggiamenti difensivi intenzionali, anziché come "effetti" di "cause" intrapsichiche o ambientali. Il cliente in analisi non è quindi considerato un malato da curare, ma un soggetto che ha costruito le sue difese e che per questo può anche cambiare.
Il lavoro analitico verte sul chiarimento delle convinzioni irrazionali su cui si fonda la strategia difensiva della persona e sull'esplorazione dei vissuti profondi non integrati nell'infanzia perché sentiti in tale epoca come intollerabili. Il lavoro analitico si basa sull'idea che i sintomi, gli atteggiamenti difensivi ed anche molti atteggiamenti considerati normali costituiscano una risposta ragionevole nell'infanzia, ma irrazionale nella vita adulta, al dolore. Il bambino evita il dolore, mentre l'adulto può accettarlo perché dispone di risorse che nell'infanzia non aveva.
Il lavoro analitico ha come obiettivo l’elaborazione delle esperienze dolorose attuali e dei vissuti dolorosi del passato. Non “cura” i disturbi psicologici, ma serve a renderli superflui; consente quindi alla persona in analisi non solo di "star meglio", ma di modificare l'atteggiamento complessivo nei confronti della sua esistenza.
Dal 2000 ad oggi questo sito è cresciuto includendo ogni anno nuovi lavori.
Per ogni saggio indico la data della prima pubblicazione; indico anche quella dell’ultima revisione solo nei casi in cui parti significative sono state aggiunte.
The arguments in the writings of this site
refer to various addresses psychotherapy converge in considering the results of psychological disorders such as defensive intentional, rather than "effects" of "causes" intrapsychic or environmental. The customer analysis is therefore not considered a patient to be cured, but a person who has built his defenses and that this may also change.
The analytical work focuses on clarifying the irrational beliefs underlying the defensive strategy of the person and the exploration of deep feelings are not integrated in childhood because at that time felt as intolerable. The analytical work is based on the symptoms, the defensive and many considered normal behavior in childhood constitute a reasonable response, but irrational in adult life, the pain. The child avoids the pain, while the adult can accept it because it has resources that childhood did not have.
The analytical work has as objective the development of painful experiences of current and past painful experiences. Not cure psychological disorders, but serves to make them redundant; then allows the person in analysis not only of "getting better", but change the overall attitude towards its existence.
Since 2000 this site has grown to include new works each year.
For each test indicates the date of first publication, also indicates that the last review only in cases where significant parts have been added.
Keywords: Path Analysis
Accuracy Verified: Yes
53. Bar-Sade, E. (2003, May). Early trauma: Revisited and revised through EMDR, the narrative story and the implementation of attachment theory concepts. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
If we regard adult psychotherapy as the basis for a kind of attachment relationship in which the client seeks proximity by having a physical and emotional closeness with the therapist through which the client tries to create a”safe haven” soothing him or her when upset while providing a sense of security, child therapists often regard child-psychotherapy as a means to develop an attachment relationship between child and caregiver, whenever possible. It is a common assumption, that in child-psychotherapy, especially while dealing with trauma, the therapist must stress the importance of empowering the parental figure as an attachment figure and as a “secure base”.
Keywords: Attachment Theory Complex Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
54. Lee, H., Yum, M. K., Kim, S. H., Lee, Y. J., & Kim, D. (2008). Effect of horizontal eye movements on the heart rate variability after exposure to a fear-inducing film clip. Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 15(1), 35-45.
Language: Korean
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Objectives: There has been a continued
debate regarding the role of eye movements in Eye Movement
Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). This study examined
the possible autonomic effect of horizontal eye movements after
being exposed to fearful stimuli. Methods: Fifty two healthy
adult women were randomly allocated to eye movement or eye
fixed groups after watching a five minute fear-inducing film clip.
ECG was recorded during the resting state, after watching the
clip, and the treatment. A spectral power analysis of the heart
rate variability was performed. As the variables violated the rule
of normal distribution and the number in each group is small
the non-parametric test was used. Results: Overall, we did not find the differences between the groups in both time and
frequency domains. Some minor differences found were not
consistent with results from previous studies. Conclusions:
Effect of eye movement on autonomic nervous system during fear
desensitization was not supported in this experiment. Further study
with other psychophysiological measures is needed to understand
the role of eye movements in treatment of traumatic memory.
Keywords: Autonomic Nervous System Eye Movements Eye Movements Females Fear Film Clip Heart Rate Variability Horitzontal Korean
Accuracy Verified: Yes
55. Edmond, T. E., Rubin, A., & Wambach, K. G. (1999, June). The effectiveness of EMDR with adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Social Work Research, 23(2), 103-116. doi:10.1093/swr/23.2.103.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A randomized experimental evaluation found support for the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in reducing trauma symptoms among adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. 59 women were assigned randomly to one of three groups: (1) individual EMDR treatment (six sessions); (2) routine individual treatment (six sessions); or (3) delayed treatment control group. A MANOVA was statistically significant at both posttest and follow-up. In univariate ANOVAs for each of four standardized outcome measures EMDR group members scored significantly better than controls at posttest. In a three-month follow-up, EMDR participants scored significantly better than routine individual treatment participants on two of the four measures, with large effect sizes suggestive of clinical significance. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Brief Psychotherapy Child Abuse Empirical Study Females Follow-up Study Longitudinal Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial Rape RCT Self Efficacy Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
56. Edmond, T., & Rubin, A. (2006, June). Effectividad de EMDR en supervivientes adultas de abuso sexual en la infancia [Efficacy of EMDR in adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Istanbul, Turkey.
Language: Spanish
Format: Conference
Keywords: Efficacy Sexual Abuse
Accuracy Verified: Yes
57. Nettz, S. L. (1995, August). Effects of a single session of EMDR, flooding, and a credible placebo treatment on traumatic memories in male veterans. Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL. AAT 9614404.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
This study explored the effectiveness of a single session of three different treatments for traumatic memories. Subjects were 45 adult males, randomly assigned to Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Flooding, or Placebo therapy (Modified Avoidance Response Conditioning [ MARC]). Self-report and physiological measures were employed to measure treatment effectiveness. Subjects completed the following pre-treatment inventories: Michigan Alcohol Screening Test, Impact of Event Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Questionnaire on Mental Imagery, and the Treatment Credibility Questionnaire. Post-treatment measures included self-report measures (Subjective Units of Distress [ SUDs] and Treatment Credibility Questionnaire) and physiological measures (heart rate, skin conductance, and skin temperature). Treatments were rated as equally credible before and after the session. Both EMDR and Flooding produced a significant decrease in the self-report of anxiety compared to the Placebo (MARC) group. Neither heart rate or skin conductance channels showed a significant change for any of the three groups during post-treatment assessment phases. However, skin temperature was significantly lower for the Flooding group compared to the MARC group during two post-treatment phases, suggesting that the Flooding group was more physiologically aroused than Placebo (MARC) subjects. Findings suggest that during Flooding, exposure to disturbing elements of a trauma is associated with physiological arousal, which in turn leads to lessening of subjective distress. However, a different mechanism may account for EMDR treatment effects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 57(1-B), Jul 1996, pp. 0687
Keywords: Adults Emotional Trauma Empirical Study Evaluation Male Memory Military Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial Veterans
Accuracy Verified: Yes
58. Altan Aytun, O., Ozcan, G., Ciftci, A,. Konuk, E. Yuksek, H., Karakus, D., Cavusoglu S., & Vatan Ozcelik, D. (2010, June). The effects of early EMDR interventions (EMD and R-TEP) on the victims of a terrorist bombing in Istanbul. In Treatment of children/acute stress. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Presenter: Filiz Kaya
The present study is carried out within a psychological
counseling project which is governed by Istanbul metroplitan Municipality. The study was designed to assess the effects
of Early EMDR Intervention (EEI) on the victims of a terrorist
bombing in Gungoren, Istanbul. Subjects were the victims of
a terrorist bombing in Gungoren, Istanbul. The participants
were selected from a pool of children and adults, who lived in
Gungoren and scored high on the Turkish version of 'Impact of
Event Scale' (IES) and PTSD Symptom Checklist. The subjects
were contacted 2 days after the bomb attack so that we were
able to measure the event impact right after the traumatic experience,
which will help us to demonstrate how EMDR affects
the impact of the event more accurately.
Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD) as an EEI technique was
used to treat the child participants, whereas Recent Traumatic
Event Protocol (R-TEP) which incorporates the EMD and Recent
Event (RE) protocols, was received by the adult participants
The therapists (EMDR certified therapists, who were receiving
supervision) met with the participants weekly to work only on
the trauma of the bombing and participants completed impact
of Event Scale prior to each session. The number of the sessions was restricted to the completion of EMD and R-TEP. The study
is completed with a three month follow-up. Analyses of the
data collected from the participants demonstrates the level of
effectiveness of EMDR in children and adults, in prevention of
PTSD and the use of EMDR as a crises intervention tool.
Keywords: Acute Stress Bombing Early Interventions EMD Istanbul Recent Events R-TEP Symposoium Terrorism
Accuracy Verified: Yes
59. Hensel, T. (2005, September). Effektivität von EMDR bei psychisch traumatisierten kindern und jugendlichen [Effectiveness of EMDR with psychologically traumatized children and adolescents]. Jahrestagung der deutschsprachigen gesellschaft für psychotraumatologie DeGPT, Dresden .
Language: German
Format: Conference
Abstract: EMDR ist als ein effektives und ökonomisches Verfahren zur Behandlung von chronischer PTBS bei Erwachsenen anerkannt. Dieses Poster verdeutlicht die Effektivität von EMDR bei psychisch traumatisierten Kindern und Jugendlichen. Die kontrollierten Studien sind inhaltlich und in ihrer methodologischen Güte beschrieben und ausgewertet worden. Es sind sowohl singulär traumatisierte Kinder und Jugendliche nach einer Naturkatastrophe bzw. einer Explosion, wie auch sequentiell traumatisierte Kinder und Jugendliche mit sexuellem Missbrauch und Gewalterfahrungen behandelt worden. Alle Studien weisen EMDR als hoch effektiv aus. Dies gilt gleichermaßen für die Reduktion der PTB wie auch der komorbiden Symptome (Depression, Angst). Bemerkenswert ist, dass in den beiden Behandlungsvergleichen mit bewährten kognitiv-behavioralen Verfahren EMDR bei gleicher Effektivität signifikant effizienter war. Dies repliziert Ergebnisse aus dem Erwachsenenbereich (van Etten & Taylor, 1998). Obwohl die geringe Anzahl an Studien die Generalisierbarkeit der Ergebnisse einschränkt, scheint EMDR über alle untersuchten Alterstufen hinweg ein einheitliches Wirkprofil vorzuweisen.[Author abstract]
EMDR is recognized as an effective and economical method for the treatment of chronic PTSD in adults. This poster illustrates the effectiveness of EMDR with psychologically traumatized children and adolescents. Controlled studies are described and evaluated in terms of content and its methodological quality and has been. They are both singular traumatized children and adolescents after a natural disaster or an explosion, as well as sequentially traumatized children and adolescents treated with sexual abuse and violence. All the studies point out EMDR to be highly effective. This applies equally to the reduction of the PTB as well as the comorbid symptoms (depression), anxiety. It is noteworthy that cognitively in the two treatment comparisons with best-behavioral procedures with the same effectiveness of EMDR was significantly more efficient. This replicates results from the adult participants (Van Etten & Taylor, 1998). Although the small number of studies limits the generalizability of the results, it seems EMDR track record across all age groups studied a single-action profile. [Author abstract].
Keywords: Adolescents Children Poster Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
60. Jeffres, M. J. (2003). The efficacy of EMDR with traumatized children. Fielding Graduate Institute, Santa Barbara, CA. AAT 3100543.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
This study evaluated the effectiveness of up to five 60-minute sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for children (ages 8-12) who had suffered one or more traumas. Participants (N = 48) were randomly assigned to either an EMDR experimental group or a waiting list control. They were provided treatment by one of five therapists, all of whom were experienced, independent clinicians having received Level 2 training in the EMDR technique. The therapists followed Shapiro's protocol for children and were in 90% compliance with the protocol. The participants were carefully screened according to Shapiro criteria. This study was unique in that it included an integrated outcome measure (UCLA PTSD Index), consisting of an assessment of PTSD criteria and a rating of symptoms, reported by both parent and child. Analysis of pre-post changes consisted of two 2 x 3 ANCOVAs, one each for the child and adult report. The analysis of covariance revealed a main effect for the covariate (the pretest total PTSD Score), a main effect for group, and a significant group x time interaction effect, for both the child and adult report. Post hoc (Scheffe) analysis revealed that participants maintained the benefits of treatment at 1-month follow-up. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 64(8-B), 2004, pp. 4042.
Keywords: Emotional Trauma Empirical Study Eye Movements Quantitative Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
61. Hollwig, K. E. (2002). Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of trauma and anxiety disorders. California State University, Long Beach, CA. AAT 1409202.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
This study evaluated the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing for treating trauma and anxiety disorders in adult, adolescent, and child clients with or without a dissociative disorder.
Participants comprised 23 California-licensed mental health professionals who possessed at least a master's degree in the mental health field and specifically had been trained in EMDR by the EMDR Institute. Each participant completed a survey questionnaire developed specifically for this study.
Results indicated significant differences between EMDR and the other surveyed therapeutic approaches for overall level of efficacy in treating trauma in adults and adolescents. Significant differences between EMDR and two other approaches for treating child trauma were also revealed. A significant difference was found between EMDR and one other approach for overall level of efficacy in treating anxiety in adults and adolescents. No significant differences were found between therapeutic approaches for treating child anxiety. Directions for future research are discussed.
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
62. de Jongh, A., ten Broeke, E., & van der Meer, K. (1995). Eine neue entwicklung in der behandlung von angst und traumata: “Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)” [A new development in the treatment of anxiety and trauma: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)]. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie, Psychopathologie und Psychotherapie, 43(3), 226-233.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Dit artikel presenteert een nieuwe ontwikkeling op het gebied van de psychotherapie: Eye-Movement Desensibilisatie and Reprocessing (EMDR). Dit recent ontwikkelde procedure belooft snelle en effectieve behandeling van angst-gerelateerde klachten, met inbegrip van PTSS (DSM-III-R). In essentie leidt de therapeut een serie van snelle en ritmische oogbewegingen. EMDR vergemakkelijkt cognitieve veranderingen en blijvende daling van de angst. Zoals aangegeven door middel van onderzoek en geïllustreerd door casuïstiek, kan EMDR effectief te zijn in een sessie. Tot nu toe is er geen definitieve verklaring voor de effectiviteit van deze methode. [Auteur Abstract]
This article presents a new development on the field of psychotherapy: Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). This recently developed procedure promises rapid and effective treatment of anxiety related complaints, including PTSD (DSM-III-R). In essence the therapist induces a series of rapid and rhythmic eye-movements. EMDR facilitates cognitive changes and lasting decrease of anxiety. As indicated by research and illustrated by case histories, EMDR can be effective in one session. Until now there is no definitive explanation for the effectiveness of this method. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adult Anxiety Disorders Dental Procedures Females Males Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
63. Korn, D. (2010, April). EMDR & the treatment of adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect: EMDR aanpassingen voor disregulatie bij Complexe PTSS [EMDR adaptations dysregulation in complex PTSD]. Keynote presented at the 4th EMDR Association Netherlands Conference, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Wanneer clienten met vroege, chronische traumatisering door middel van EMDR behandeld worden, moet de therapeut vaak als een soort ‘psychobiologische regelaar’ functioneren, om ervan verzekerd te zijn dat cliënten binnen hun Window of Tolerance blijven. De EMDR therapeut dient daarvoor actief te zijn in het bepalen van het optimale tempo van het verwerkingsproces gedurende de EMDR zitting. Dit is van belang om toegang te kunnen krijgen tot de eerder gedissocieerde kennis, gedragsmatige impulsen, gevoelens, en/of sensaties, en deze te kunnen blijven verdragen. De therapeut moet in staat zijn de signalen van disregulatie (bv hyper/hypo-arousal, bevriezen, dissociëren) te herkennen en door middel van specifieke interweaves erop in te kunnen spelen, om de cliënt in het proces te houden en te helpen met het verwerken van diverse aspecten met betrekking tot verantwoordelijkheid, veiligheid en keuze.
Deze keynote zal een kader neerzetten voor het werken met complexe PTSS en disregulatie. Een aantal specifieke technieken, gericht op het omzeilen van therapeutische valkuilen bij deze chronisch getraumatiseerde cliënten, zullen kort worden besproken. Dit zal verduidelijkt worden door middel van opnames van EMDR sessies waarin er van moment tot moment de interacties tussen de therapeut en de cliënt geanalyseerd zullen worden.
In de eendaagse workshop op de maandag na het congres zal veel uitvoeriger ingegaan worden op de ‘hoe, wat, wanneer en waarom vragen’ in de behandeling van Complexe PTSS.
When clients with early, chronic trauma treated by EMDR, the therapist often as a kind of 'psychobiological regulator "function, to satisfy itself that its customers remain within their Window of Tolerance. The EMDR therapist is therefore to be active in determining the optimal pace of the process during the EMDR session. This is important in order to be granted access to the previously dissociated knowledge, behavioral impulses, feelings, and/or sensations, and to continue to bear. The therapist should be able to dysregulation of signals (e.g. hyper / hypo-arousal, freezing, dissociate) to recognize specific interweaves through it in order to respond to the client in the process to keep and help in processing various aspects of responsibility, security and choice.
This keynote will provide a framework drop for working with complex PTSD and dysregulation. Some specific techniques designed to circumvent these therapeutic pitfalls in chronically traumatized clients, will be briefly discussed. This will be clarified by means of recordings of sessions in which EMDR is from moment to moment interactions between therapist and client will be analyzed.
The one-day workshop on the Monday after the congress will be much more detailed presentation on the 'how, what, when and why questions "in the treatment of Complex PTSD.
Keywords: Abuse Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Keynote Neglect
Accuracy Verified: Yes
64. Morris-Smith, J. (2007, April). EMDR and children: Europe leads the way. Therapy Today, 18(3), 9-12.
Language: English
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
It may come as a surprise to discover that Europe is leading the way in the development of Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) psychotherapy for children and adolescents, and in teaching therapists how to adapt the adult protocol1 for the developmental needs of childhood. How has this been achieved.[Author]
Keywords: Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
65. Standart, S., & Wood, C. (2011, October). EMDR and mindfullness. Presentation at the 3rd annual EMDR Autumn Workshop Conference, Durham, England.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
A presentation of on a case series of complex Type II PTSD for early childhood and adult trauma with scores of 50+ on the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) and using a phased approach to EMDR with mindfulness practice prior to EMDR. Descriptions of mindfulness practice and EMDR protocol use with outcome measure on the DES, Impact of Events Scale score (IES-R) and a depression Inventory will be presented Global outcomes such as occupational and social functioning will also be described for these clients.
Working with clients with complex trauma and marked dissociation and how to develop a timely phased protocol for these difficult to engage clients. (Author abstract)
Keywords: Mindfulness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
66. Hofmann, A. (2009, June). EMDR and the treatment of adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Patients with complex PTSD and dissociative symptoms are a challenging patient population . Concepts like the Disorder of Extreme Stress (Herman et al.) and the the research on memory networks and especially structural dissociation (Nijenhuis et al.) helps to understand this patients better. In the treatment of this patients EMDR can be one of the key treatment approaches in a therapy setting that usually needs to also enclose other EMDR modalities besides the EMDR standard protocol. New developments in EMDR and an decission help when to apply them can help pacing the therapy of these patients and making it successful.
Keywords: Adults Childhood Sexual Abuse Keynote Neglect Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
67. Korn, D. L. (2011, August). EMDR and the treatment of complex PTSD. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will focus on integrating EMDR into an overall recovery plan in working with adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. Individuals with histories of chronic victimization often struggle with extreme vulnerability and shame, heightened dissociative tendencies, and limited affect tolerance. In considering their unique needs, strategies for modifying and supplementing standard EMDR protocols will be explored. Fears and blocking beliefs commonly seen in this population will be discussed, along with suggestions for effective cognitive interweave interventions. In addition, significant attention will be devoted to integrating EMDR ego strengthening and resource development protocols into all phases of treatment. This program will include lecture, videotape presentations, and case discussion.
Keywords: C-PTSD Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
68. Wesselmann, D., Davidson, M., Armstrong, S., Schweitzer, C., Bruckner, D., & Potter, A. E. (2012). EMDR as a treatment for improving attachment status in adults and children. Revue Européenne De Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 223-230. doi:10.1016/j.erap.2012.08.008.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Introduction:
The purpose of the article is to examine the current literature regarding evidence for positive change in attachment status following Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy and to describe how an integrative EMDR and family therapy team model was implemented to improve attachment and symptoms in a child with a history of relational loss and trauma.
Literature:
The EMDR method is briefly described along with the theoretical model that guides the EMDR approach. As well, an overview of attachment theory is provided and its implication for conceptualizing symptoms related to a history of relational trauma. Finally, a literature review is provided regarding current preliminary evidence that EMDR can improve attachment status in children and adults.
Clinical findings:
A case study is described in which an EMDR and family therapy integrative model improved attachment status and symptoms in a child with a history attachment trauma.
Conclusion:
The case study and literature review provide preliminary evidence that EMDR may be a promising therapy in the treatment of disorders related to attachment trauma.
Keywords: Adult Attachment Interview Attachment Disorder Family Therapy Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
69. Ricci, R., & Clayton, C. (2011, August). EMDR as an adjunct to cognitive behavioral treatment of sex offenders. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Historically the treatment of male adult sex offenders ignored or purposely avoided developmental adversity or trauma in the history of the offender. Emerging theories in the field of adult sex offender treatment allow room for a trauma informed treatment model including collaborative practice between sex offender treatment providers and EMDR practitioners. A promising mixed-methods study adding EMDR to a standard CBT model with ten adult male child molesters found pre-post improvement in both treatment progress and significant reduction in deviant, idiosyncratic sexual arousal as measured by phallometry. The project’s qualitative analysis provides a guide to developing treatment protocol.
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Sex Offenders
Accuracy Verified: Yes
70. Korn, D. (2010, April). EMDR behandeling bij volwassenen met een verleden van incest en verwaarlozing. Het herstellen van ontwikkelings tekorten en het beschadigde ‘zelf’ [EMDR treatment in adults with a history of incest and neglect. Developmental deficits and restore the damaged self]. Workshop gepresenteerd aan de vierde congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, The Nederland.
Language: Dutch
Format: Conference
Abstract:
In deze workshop zal er worden ingegaan op het integreren van EMDR in een algemeen behandelingsplan voor volwassenen die incest en verwaarlozing in hun jeugd hebben meegemaakt.
De workshop is een verdieping van de keynote van het congres. De werkwijze zal gedetailleerd worden uitgelegd en zal worden geïllustreerd aan de hand van videopresentaties en bespreking van casuïstiek.
In eerste instantie wordt uitgelegd hoe de ontwikkelings- en hechtingsbehoeften van de cliënt onderzocht kunnen worden en hoe een betekenisvolle beschrijvende diagnose kan worden ontwikkeld om tot een geïntegreerd, logisch opgebouwd behandelingsplan te komen.
Bij deze groep cliënten, waarbij er sprake is van beperkte affect tolerantie, kwetsbaarheid voor hyper- en hypoarousal, en dissociatieve kenmerken, kan het standaard EMDR protocol worden aangepast met specifieke strategieën. Daar zal uitvoerig op worden ingegaan.
Ook zal er veel aandacht besteed worden aan het integreren van specifieke EMDR technieken, zoals diverse ego-versterkende protocollen en hulpbron installatie (RDI), in alle fasen van de behandeling.
Tevens zullen er technieken besproken worden die cliënten helpen om hun disfunctionele afweermechanismen los te laten, waardoor het veranderen van schema’s met hun kenmerkende kerngedachten en kernaffecten mogelijk wordt
Deelnemers aan deze workshop zullen leren om pathogene gevoelstoestanden, (zoals schaamte, wanhoop, onverdraagelijke eenzaamheidsgevoelens), angsten en ‘blocking beliefs’, ego state conflicten te herkennen, zodat de meest effectieve interweaves en hulpbron opties kunnen worden toegepast.
Verder zullen er strategieën voor herstel, zoals het verduidelijken van verantwoordelijkheid, het vaststellen van veiligheid en keuze, en het verwerken van rouw, verlangen en woede, worden besproken.
This workshop will address the integration of EMDR into an overall treatment plan for adult incest and neglect in childhood have experienced.
The workshop is a deepening of the keynote of the conference. The methodology will be explained in detail and will be illustrated with video presentations and discussion of case studies.
Initially, explains how the development and bonding needs of the client can be investigated and how a meaningful descriptive diagnosis can be developed into an integrated, logical plan of treatment.
In this group of clients, where there is limited affect tolerance, vulnerability to hyper-and hypoarousal and dissociative characteristics, the standard EMDR protocol to be adapted to specific strategies. As will be discussed in detail.
Also, much attention is paid to the integration of EMDR specific techniques, such as various ego-enhancing protocols and resource installation (RDI) in all phases of treatment.
Will also discuss techniques that help clients to their dysfunctional defense mechanisms to let go, so changing schedules with their distinctive core ideas and possible kernaffecten
Participants in this workshop will learn to pathogenic emotional states (such as shame, despair, unbearable loneliness feelings), and fears "blocking beliefs", ego-state conflicts to recognize that the most effective and interweaves resource options can be applied.
Moreover, through strategies for recovery, such as clarifying responsibilities, establishing security and choice, and the process of mourning, desire and anger are discussed.
Keywords: Adults Developmental Deficits Incest
Accuracy Verified: Yes
71. Leeds, A. (2011, August). EMDR Case Conceptualization and Treatment Planning: How AIP leads to divergent strategies in different cases. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Orange County, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Many clinicians seek guidance with case formulation and predicting responses to EMDR reprocessing. This presentation integrates the AIP Model with adult attachment classification. Case examples illustrate clinical strategies for assessing attachment classification as a foundation for case formulation. This presentation proposes a symptom informed approach for cases with an Axis I focus – PTSD, depression, specific phobias and panic – from parallel models of de Jongh (2010), Korn (2004) and Leeds (2004, 2009). Criteria from Korn (2004, 2009), Leeds (2009) and Hofmann (2004, 2005) indicate when to consider containing and deferring reprocessing early life experiences in complex cases – personality disorders and complex PTSD.
Keywords: Adult Attachment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
72. Leeds, A. M. (1995, June). EMDR case formulation symposium. Symposium conducted at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The focus of this symposium will be on intermediate and advanced topics in EMDR case formulation in more challenging cases.
The presentation will include how affect and schema theories can help organize and guide treatment planing and selection of
protocols, targets and cognitions. Time will be allowed to discuss problem cases.
The symposium will begin with an overview of the EMDR theoretical model and the role of metacognitions in the accelerated
information processing paradigm. Guideposts to application will include principles such as: good enough cognitions and warning
indicators fiom cognitions and the history taking of potential blocked responses.
A model of EMDR case formulation issues will be presented involving treatment planning and selection of protocols, targets and
cognitions. A fundamental issue in case formulation will be proposed as the extent to which the case involves simple adult trauma
with a good premorbid history or is a more complex case conceptualized as involving some degree of neglect or pervasive failure of
the early environment to provide healthy models of self-other interaction.
Alternate treatment protocols will be offered for more complex cases presentations where there are insufficient healthy resources
present to permit the successfull use of standard EMDR protocols even with creative application of cognitive interweave strategies.
Protocols will be offered for "practice" EMDR sessions and for building up healthy internal resources in advance of targeting
disturbing memories.
Affect theory as developed by Silvan S. Tomkins and reviewed in Donald Nathanson's (1992) Shame and Pride, Affect Sex, and the
Birth of the Self, W. W. Norton & Co, New York, and its relationship to EMDR will be considered. Emphasis will be on the
biological theory of emotions, the nine innate affects, the central and unique role of shame in human development, and how affect
theory supports EMDR theory and application. For example, EMDR theory emphasizes the central role of physiological and
emotional responses and views cognitions as "distallations of experience" (Francine Shapiro, 1995, Eve Movement Desensitization
and Reprocessing, Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures, Guilford Press, NY). Shame and its attendant distorted self concepts
is a central problem in PTSD and other pervasive traumageric disorders.
Aspects of this case formulation approach have been influenced by members of the EMDR facilitator staff most notably Landry
Wildwind's speciality and conference presentations on working with chronic depression and personal communications with
Marguerite McCorkle.
Case examples will be given in which alternate EMDR protocols were used to successfully work through unresolved developmental
issues and massive layers of shame that had blocked previous treatment efforts. A large portion of the symposium will be devoted to
a case conference round table where these issues will be explored through a discussion of problem cases offered by participants.
Keywords: Case Formulations
Accuracy Verified: Yes
73. Manfield, P. (2010, June). EMDR clinical skills: Dyadic resourcing. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop introduces 'dyadic resourcing,' a form of
resourcing designed to facilitate the processing of very early trauma
with severely deprived clients, including those with attachment
disorders. The goal of this process is to help a client connect
affectively to the experience of being in a nurturing relationship
Through this process clients experience both roles, the role of the
adult who loves them and the role of the child who is lovable
and loved. These roles become increasingly real to them and clients
come away with access to a loving non-judgmental view of
themselves as a child. Clients whose original trauma was a result
of or exacerbated by a lack of a strong connection to a nurturing
caregiver will benefit from a variety of resources, but the resource
that is essential is access to a secure internal nurturing relationship,
which this process provides. This procedure is particularly
useful for clients who think they were bad or worthless as children,
who think the abuse or neglect they suffered chronically
was deserved, who are overwhelmed by the intensity of their
pain from early childhood experiences, or who cannot view their
child selves in an accepting nurturing way. In other words, this
type of resourcing is ideal for some of the most difficult EMDR
clients, and helps to prepare them for trauma processing.
Once developed, these resources allow the EMDR clinician to
utilize cognitive interweaves in which the adult client is able
to support the child self. Dyadic resourcing is typically a five step process: identifying a nurturing adult resource, make the
resource real for the client, formulating a parent-child relationship involving the resource, intensify the client's experience of
that relationship, and helping the client to have the experience
of both the child and adult in the resource dyad. This workshop
will address each of these steps, covering the basic principles
and processes central to this form of resourcing. The process
will be illustrated using clinical videos, transcripts, and a live
demonstration. Techniques borrowed from Eidetic Psychotherapy,
Neuro-Linguistic Programming, Gestalt Therapy, hypnotic
phrasing and other disciplines will be addressed Links to free
downloadable explanatory material from the presenter's book.
EMDR Clinical Skills: Case Conceptualization and Dyadic re^
sourcing will be offered for those interested in sharpening their
skills in this useful resourcing approach.
Learning objectives: Participants will be able to
- Explain why cognitive Interweaves are often not helpful to
clients with attachment disorders
-List 15 possible sources of resource figures
- List 8 techniques that can be used to help a client feel more
intensely connected to a resource.
- Describe 4 indications that clients are NOT assuming an outside
observer role and are instead overly identifying with their
child selves.
Keywords: Dyadic Resourcing Keynote
Accuracy Verified: Yes
74. Carvalho, E. R. (2009). The EMDR drawing protocol for adults. In M. Luber (Ed.), Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) scripted protocols: Basics and special situations, (pp. 107-110). New York: Springer Publishing Co.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
At certain points in my clinical practice, after I began using EMDR consistently, I would have clients come in who could not describe a specific scene or image for us to use as the target, yet, they would usually have a clear negative cognition that they would give spontaneously ("I'm trash"). I am a very visual and artistic person and I used drawings in my psychodrama practice. As a result, when I began to use EMDR, it was a natural evolution for me to use drawings. I began to ask my adult clients to draw a picture that would illustrate the negative cognition. Sometimes, they would have feelings about themselves or self-perceptions that would also turn into drawings, and from these drawings, the Standard EMDR Protocol ensued. I usually ask for drawings when people come in with generalities and we need to pin down a specific target to work on. The Drawing Protocol for Adults can be helpful in narrowing down a target, using a metaphor or picture—which has a strong generalizable effect—instead of a concrete scene from the past. When using this protocol, it is usually important to assure clients that most people cannot draw better than a 6-year-old and that this is not an evaluation of artistic talent. [Author abstract]
Keywords: Drawing Protocol Negative Cognition Protocol Psychodrama Standard Protocol Therapeutic Drawing Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
75. Liz Royle, L., & Kerr, C. (2012). EMDR i klinisk praktik [EMDR in clinical practice]. Studentlitteratur, Holmberg: Lund.
Language: Swedish
Format: Book
Abstract:
EMDR är en evidensbaserad metod för att behandla PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). Emellertid kan EMDR tillämpas på ett betydligt bredare sätt. Många av de besvär som människor bär på har inte orsakats av något livshotande trauma men kan förstås utifrån att plågsamma minnen inte kunnat bearbetas. Författarna använder en enkel, rättfram framställning med många kliniska exempel. Vanliga nybörjarfel och missuppfattningar illustreras, men boken lyfter också fram sådant som underlättar bearbetningen av plågsamma minnen. Terapeuter och klienter berättar om egna erfarenheter på ett instruktivt sätt. Läsaren får följa tillämpningen av EMDR-protokollet genom samtliga åtta faser – från den första anamnesdelen till den avslutande behandlingsutvärderingen, och får praktiska råd såsom ”Vad du än gör, gör inte så här!” Boken ersätter inte en grundkurs i EMDR eller Francine Shapiros ursprungliga bok, men är ett utmärkt komplement, en handbok med konkreta förslag, väsentlig vägledning, och strategier för att undvika vanliga fallgropar i EMDR- arbete med vuxna klienter.
EMDR is an evidence-based approach to treating PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). However, EMDR applicable to a much broader way. Many of the problems that people carry has not been caused by something life-threatening trauma but can be understood from the painful memories could not be processed. The authors use a simple, straightforward production with many clinical examples. Frequently nybörjarfel and misconceptions illustrated, but the book also highlights things that facilitate processing of painful memories. Therapists and clients talk about their experiences in an instructive way. The reader may follow the application of the EMDR protocol through all eight phases - the first history part of the final treatment evaluation, and get practical advice such as "Whatever you do, do not do this!" The book does not replace a basic course in EMDR or Francine Shapiro's original book, but is an excellent addition, a handbook of practical suggestions, guidance material, and strategies for avoiding common pitfalls in EMDR work with adult clients.
Keywords: Practice
Accuracy Verified: Yes
76. Wieland, S. (2012, June). EMDR in children with dissociative disorders [EMDR en niños con trastornos disociativos]. Pre-Conference presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The effect of early interpersonal trauma on adult clients has been extensively studied and reported. Less attention has been
given to the effects of complex trauma on children. Because childhood is the time of most rapid brain development as well as the time when
children are dependent on adult caregivers, early physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, including neglect and witnessing domestic violence,
has severe effects on infants and children – disorganized attachment, affect and behavioral dysregulation, and dissociation. In this preconference
Sandra Wieland will describe how early trauma and neglect affects the infant/child’s brain, autonomic nervous system, and body
system. She will explain how dissociation is often used by children to protect themselves from the impact – both emotional and physical – of
complex trauma. Given this high level of fragmentation and fright, children are often not able to participate successfully in the standardized
EMDR protocol. Dr. Wieland will teach ways in which the EMDR protocol can be adapted in order to access more completely the child’s
fragmented internal system. She will use clinical vignettes to describe ways EMDR can assist in each of the three stages of trauma treatment
– safety/stabilization, trauma processing, and integration. Maria Elena Aduriz will describe a case of a girl whose traumatization is the direct
consequence of a disorganized attachment to a schizophrenic, unstable and suicidal mother. Through this case she will focus on the importance
of learning how to articulate EMDR interventions with the child and her adoptive parents.
Los efectos del trauma interpersonal temprano han sido extensamente estudiados y documentados. Sin embargo, se ha prestado
menos atención a los efectos del trauma complejo en niños. Debido a la etapa del desarrollo en la que se encuentran y a la dependencia
respecto de los adultos, los niños son especialmente vulnerables a la exposición a eventos traumáticos en el seno de los cuidados familiares
tales como maltrato físico, emocional y abuso sexual. Las consecuencias postraumáticas incluyen, entre otras, apego desorganizado,
desregulación afectiva y conductual, y disociación. En esta preconferencia Sandra Wieland comenzará por describir de qué forma el trauma
temprano y la negligencia afectan el desarrollo del cerebro, del sistema nervioso autónomo y del sistema corporal del niño. Explicará de qué
manera la disociación suele ser utilizada por el niño como protección contra el impacto –tanto emocional como físico- del trauma complejo.
Debido al miedo y al alto nivel de fragmentación que presentan estos niños el protocolo EMDR estándar no puede ser utilizado de manera
eficaz. La Dra. Wieland enseñará cómo el protocolo EMDR puede ser adaptado para poder acceder de manera más completa al mundo
interno fragmentado del niño. Describirá con viñetas clínicas de qué forma EMDR puede
Keywords: Developmental Trauma Disorder
Accuracy Verified: Yes
77. Parnell. L. A. (1999, June). EMDR in the treatment of adults abused as children. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will: 1) be able to describe the three phases of treatment; 2) be able to use at least three ego strengthening methods using EMDR, including identification, development, and installation of inner and outer resources important for preparing clients for EMDR processing, such as: safe place, positive
internal resource images, such as the inner advisor child-self – adult-self assessment and
development, nurturer and protector figures,
spiritual resources, positive memories, images from nature, and others; 3) learn tips for successful target development; 4) learn how to develop and use special targets for EMDR processing such as: visual memories, including flashbacks; dreams; artwork; emotions, physical sensations, and body memories;
TV shows and movies; and negative cognitions; 5) learn helpful modifications to the standard EMDR procedural steps; 6) learn at least two interventions to help clients who experience problems during EMDR processing with, such as dissociation, numbness, sleepiness, lack of channel activation and integration, and memory chaining; 7) learn at least two suggestions for working with client transference; 8) learn at least five techniques for working with blocked processing and abreactions; 9) learn how to use a selection of imaginal and cognitive interweaves; and 10) learn at least three techniques for closing incomplete sessions.
Keywords: Abreaction Abuse Adults Blocked Processing Closing Incomplete Session Cogntive Interweave Ego Strengthening Imaginal Interweave Target Development Transference
Accuracy Verified: Yes
78. Grant, M., & Threlfo, C. (2002, December). EMDR in the treatment of chronic pain. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(12), 1505-1520. doi:10.1002/jclp.10101.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Chronic pain presents a persistent and significant clinical challenge. Research examining commonly used psychotherapeutic treatments suggests that the results are not always well maintained, and that pain often is unrelieved. Continued exploration of new and more effective approaches is necessary. This article outlines an application of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), developed to improve coping and reduce chronic pain and suffering. The effectiveness of the EMDR Chronic Pain Protocol was investigated with three adult chronic pain sufferers. Intervention effectiveness was measured at baseline, during, and postintervention, with a two-month follow-up. All clients reported substantially decreased pain levels, decreased negative affect, and increased ability to control their pain following treatment. These results indicate that EMDR may be efficacious in the treatment of chronic pain and that further research is warranted. Copyright 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [PubMed]
Keywords: Chronic Pain Empirical Study Pain Control
Accuracy Verified: Yes
79. Darker-Smith, S. (2007, June). EMDR installation for facilitating emotional identification in the treatment of attachment disorders. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
The accessibility of emotions in children with attachment disorders is known to be complex at best. This presentation looks at a new method of enabling a child dissociating from emotions with severs attachment disorder and complex, traumatic histories to access emotions using the installation phase of EMDR.
For teaching purposes, this presentation will use real-life cases of 4 attachment disordered children where EMDR has been used successfully. All the children had been taught safe space (or similar containment methods) to enable them to self regulate their emotions – however, prior to the installation they did not experience emotions to self regulate.
In all four cases, none of the children were able to access emotions and were severe attachment disordered. The children aged between 12 to 13 years of age and all had a diagnosis of attachment disorder, comorbid with post traumatic stress disorder. Most of the children did not experience emotions directly and when asked where they “felt emotions,” would state that they experienced emotion because they were told that they were experiencing emotion.
An example is one child who mentioned that she had been angry – she only knew this, because an adult had told her she was angry. Some4times, her hands were mottled when she was angry – but there appeared to be no internal awareness of emotional feelings. The three other children reported similar lack of awareness of internal emotions.
Using the installation phase of EMDR within the context of a one-to-one therapy session, each child was asked to focused on a particular emotion and focus where in their body they experienced any feelings which may be associated with emotion.
The children began to describe complex emotions, which they had never previously been able to. Many of these children had never cried or expressed emotions “normally” prior to this. An example of one child’s experience follows. “I feel sad in my heart. It feels cold – as if someone has smashed it into a thousand bits. It’s blue and very lonely. It feels empty.” (This was a child who had never experienced any internal emotion since the age of t when he remembered feeling angry at being taken away from his parents by a social worker. This was the last time he remembered every experiencing any kind of emotion).
Following this, all the children were also encourage to sit with their new emotions and not to be afraid of them.
One child reported: “I never knew how god it could feel to finally be allowed to cry and my throat doesn’t feel so stuck no more.”
Another child stated, “It feels good to be sad. When I cry – that stops my heart hurting so much and the treats make the glue to fix my broken heart.”
Another child experienced: “It’s okay to be angry. Anger isn’t scary – it’s just a feeling – just because I feel it doesn’t mean I have to kick off – and it feels strong to e angry – I have a right to be angry and that’s okay.” So far, we have not experienced an unsuccessful outcome; however, this method is still in the early stages of being developed.
Keywords: Attachment Disorders Emotional Identification Poster
Accuracy Verified: Yes
80. Omaha, J. (1998, July). An EMDR protocol for treatment of chemical dependency disorder. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Assocation, Baltimore, MD.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will learn: 1) the Chemotion Model for chemical dependency disorder describing how substance abuse presents an reenactment of childhood emotional trauma: 2) how specific object relations deficits constitute emotional traumas that translate into specific chemical dependencies in the adult substance abuses; 3) how the object relations deficits driving chemical dependency can be evoked through Gestalt communication technique or recognized in dreams; and 4) how to apply principles of EMDR to desensitize and reprocess object relations deficits driving chemical dependency.
Keywords: Chemotion Dreams Gestalt Object Relations Deficits
Accuracy Verified: Yes
81. Knipe, J. (2012, October). EMDR toolbox: Methods of extending EMDR to traumatized clients with significant vulnerability to dissociative abreaction and/or psychological defenses. Presentation at the 29th annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Long Beach, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Abstract:The focus of this workshop will be to describe a theoretical framework, and specific EMDR-related therapy tools which may be useful during Janets Phase 2, the Phase of trauma processing, for multiply-traumatized clients with Complex PTSD. Points of similarity and difference will be described between the EMDR Adaptive Information Processing Model, and two other models of dissociation treatment: the Theory of Structural Dissociation of the Personality and the Internal Family Systems model. EMDR variations will be described which increase emotional safety, and thereby extend the use of EMDR to clients who might otherwise be vulnerable to the intrusion of overwhelming post-traumatic memory material. Through transcript and video examples, the Loving Eyes method (for safely accessing a traumatized Part), the Back-of-the-Head Scale (for measuring the degree of dissociative experience, moment-to-moment, in a therapy session), and the method of Constant Installation of Present Orientation and Safety (for maintaining emotional safety during the processing of a traumatic memory) will be presented. In addition, the structure and treatment of psychological defenses will be conceptualized within the Adaptive Information Processing Model.
Learning Objectives:
1. Describe the Loving Eyes method of developing a co-consciousness between an adult Part and a traumatized child Part.
2. Describe the clinical situations in which the use of the Back-of-the-Head Scale and the method of Constant Installation of Present Orientation and Safety would be likely to be helpful to a traumatized client.
3. Describe how psychological defense may be conceptualized within the Adaptive Information Processing model, and how defenses may be safely released, so that underlying post-traumatic material may be processed.
Keywords: Dissociative Abreaction Psychological Defenses Toolbox
Accuracy Verified: Yes
82. Knipe, J. (2010, July). EMDR toolbox: Specific methods of treating adult clients with complex PTSD, psychological defenses and dissociative personality structure. Preconference presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR has had a profound positive impact on the lives of many clients and has been shown in more than
twenty randomized, peer-reviewed trials to be effective in the treatment of PTSD. However, the DSM IV
definition of PTSD is focused on the single traumatic incident, and many clients seeking relief in therapy
have a damaging traumatic history that extended over repeated events or over many years. The term,
Complex PTSD (Herman, 1992, van der Kolk, 2005) has been proposed to describe a pattern of negative
effects of prolonged and extreme stress, particularly during childhood. The focus of this workshop
is to describe a theoretical framework, and specific therapy “tools” which may be useful in providing
effective therapy, within the EMDR Adaptive Information Processing Model, to individuals suffering with
Complex PTSD. Methods will be described that can make the healing power of EMDR more available to clients who are
avoidant, defensive, and/or highly vulnerable to dissociative abreaction, chronic shame, and unrealistic idealization of self or
of others. Important concepts and particular interventions will be illustrated through video examples and transcripts from
therapy sessions.
Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD, C-PSTD Dissociative Personality Structure Psychological Defenses Toolbox
Accuracy Verified: Yes
83. Korn, D. (2010, April). EMDR treatment in adults with a history of incest and neglect. Developmental deficits and restore the damaged self. Presentation at the 4th EMDR Association Netherlands Conference, Nijmegen, The Nederlands.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This workshop will address the integration of EMDR into an overall treatment plan for adult incest and neglect in childhood have experienced.
The workshop is a deepening of the keynote of the conference. The methodology will be explained in detail and will be illustrated with video presentations and discussion of case studies.
Initially, explains how the development and bonding needs of the client can be investigated and how a meaningful descriptive diagnosis can be developed into an integrated, logical plan of treatment.
In this group of clients, where there is limited affect tolerance, vulnerability to hyper-and hypoarousal and dissociative characteristics, the standard EMDR protocol to be adapted to specific strategies. As will be discussed in detail.
Also, much attention is paid to the integration of EMDR specific techniques, such as various ego-enhancing protocols and resource installation (RDI) in all phases of treatment.
Will also discuss techniques that help clients to their dysfunctional defense mechanisms to let go, so changing schedules with their distinctive core ideas and possible kernaffecten
Participants in this workshop will learn to pathogenic emotional states (such as shame, despair, unbearable loneliness feelings), and fears "blocking beliefs", ego-state conflicts to recognize that the most effective and interweaves resource options can be applied.
Moreover, through strategies for recovery, such as clarifying responsibilities, establishing security and choice, and the process of mourning, desire and anger are discussed.
Keywords: Adults Developmental Deficits Incest
Accuracy Verified: Yes
84. Gould, E. (1994, March). EMDR treatment of adult survivors of sexual abuse. Presentation at the 14th annual meeting of the Anxiety Disorders Association of America, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Sexual Abuse
Accuracy Verified: No
85. Manon, M. (2007). EMDR Treatment of family abuse: Eye movement to "I" movement. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 95-110). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
This chapter presents an inside view of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) narrated by a client who was requested to tell her story to educate clinicians and clients so that others might be healed. The client's vivid account of her emotional history, along with the description of various memories targeted in treatment and the results of her processing sessions, provide an illustration of the therapy. Her emotional upheaval and adult relationships are a reflection of the cauldron of abuse, deceit, and chaos intrinsic to her family of origin. As indicated by the Adaptive Information Processing model, her symptoms were largely the result of the earlier negative experiences from childhood that were dysfunctionally stored in her brain. These memories had inherent within them the emotions and perspectives that generated her negative sense of self and inability to function happily in the world. The processing of the memories of these early events resulted in accelerated learning and a concomitant transmutation of her personal identity and self-efficacy. An addendum to the case by Kaslow elucidates the family systems perspective. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing Model Child Abuse Cognitive Processes Early Memories Family Abuse Family Systems Perspective Memories
Accuracy Verified: Yes
86. Marr, J. (2012). EMDR treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: Preliminary research. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(1), 2-15. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.1.2.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article reports the results of two experiments, each investigating a different eye movement desensitization
and reprocessing (EMDR) protocol for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and each with two
young adult male participants with long-standing unremitting OCD. Two adaptations of Shapiro’s (2001)
phobia protocol were developed, based on the theoretical view that OCD is a self-perpetuating disorder,
with OCD compulsions and obsessions and current triggers reinforcing and maintaining the disorder.
Both adaptations begin by addressing current obsessions and compulsions, instead of working on past
memories; one strategy delays the cognitive installation phase; the other uses mental video playback in
the desensitization of triggers. The four participants received 14–16 one-hour sessions, with no assigned
homework. They were assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), with scores
at pretreatment in the extreme range (mean 5 35.3). Symptom improvement was reported by participants
after 2 or 3 sessions. Scores at posttreatment were in the subclinical/mild range for all participants
(mean 5 8.5). Follow-up assessments were conducted at 4–6 months, indicating maintenance of treatment
effects (mean 5 7.5). Symptom reduction was 70.4% at posttreatment and 76.1% at follow-up
for the Adapted EMDR Phobia Protocol and 81.4% at posttreatment and at follow-up for the Adapted
EMDR Phobia Protocol with Video Playback. Theoretical implications are discussed, and future research
is recommended.
Keywords: Adapted EMDR Phobia Protocol Adapted EMDR Phobia Protocol with Video Playback OCD Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Treatment Outcome Research
Accuracy Verified: Yes
87. Haour, F., Meignant, I., & De Beaurepaire, C. (2012, June). EMDR treatment of sexual traumas in a child offender [Tratamiento EMDR de traumas sexuales en un pedófilo]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Child
offenders
have
been
abused
3
to
6
time
more
than
controls
during
childhood
and
these
figures
are
probably
grossly
underestimated.
Most
of
them
exhibit
all
or
many
symptoms
of
Post
Traumatic
Stress
Disorders
(PTSD)
in
association
with
anxiety-‐depression-‐addiction.
TCC
treatments
are
useful
but
with
limited
efficacy
(Brooks-‐
Gordon
B
et
al,
Journal
of
forensic
Psychiatry
and
Pathology,
2006;
17:442-‐466).
The
treatment
by
the
EMDR
approach
of
the
traumatic
memories
should
be
beneficial
to
these
patients.
Previous
work
(Ricci
RJ
et
al,
Journal
of
forensic
Psychiatry
and
Pathology,
2006;
17:538-‐562)
has
provided
preliminary
results
in
child
molesters.
Clinical
Case:
A
40
years
old
male
convicted
and
jailed
for
sexual
abuse
(pedophilia)
at
33
years
of
age.
He
lives
with
a
wife
and
a
son
(9
year
old)
and
has
a
regular
job.
His
medications
are:
antipsychotic,
antidepressor,
antiepileptic,
anxiolytic
and
anti
androgens.
He
sees
regularly
a
psychologist
but
is
submitted
to
anxious
attacks
and
pedophilic
desires.
He
usually
needs
to
be
hospitalized
several
weeks
twice
a
year.
Following
assessment
and
psychological
evaluation
(DSM
IV,
PCLS,
SOS,
BECK
21,
DES)
and
case
conceptualisation,
the
traumatic
events
were
desensitized
and
reprocessed
through
EMDR
treatment:
rape
and
sexual
abuse
by
an
older
brother
from
5
to
12,
familial
humiliations,
rape
under
threat,
at
11
year
of
age
by
an
adult,
accusation
by
a
13
years
old
partner
at
33
years
of
age,
prison,
trial,
etc.
The
themes
of
the
first
8
EMDR
sessions
(first
3
months)
were:
helplessness/control,
danger/
security,
and
will
be
exposed
in
details.
The
changes
in
the
patient
appreciation
of
himself
and
his
symptoms
were
followed
during
this
period.
A
sharp
decline
in
the
anxiety
scores
(Beck
21)
and
a
rapid
increase
in
the
SOS
(Schwartz
outcome
scale:
quality
of
life)
were
observed.
At
the
same
time
the
pedophilic
desires
were
disappearing.
This
allowed
the
psychiatrist
to
reduce
the
antiandrogenic
treatments
as
well
as
antipsychotic,
antiepileptic
and
antidepressor.
Nine
month
after
the
beginning
of
therapy
the
patient
was
without
antiandrogens.
The
SOS
scores
remained
high
but
episodes
of
anxiety
and
depression
were
still
present
(9
to
12
months
after
beginning
of
EMDR
treatment).
In
conclusion,
desensitization
of
traumatic
memories
lied
to
a
dramatic
improvement
of
anxiety
and
changes
in
sexual
desire
in
a
man
convicted
for
pedophilia.
Los
abusadores
sexuales
han
sido,
durante
la
infancia,
víctimas
de
abusos
sexuales
de
3
a
6
veces
más
que
los
controles
y
estos
datos
están
lejos
de
aproximarse
a
un
dato
real.
Muchos
de
ellos
exhiben
todos
o
muchos,
síntomas
del
Trastorno
de
Estrés
Post-‐traumático
(TEPT)
en
asociación
con
ansiedad,
depresión
o
adicciones.
Los
tratamiento
TCC
son
útiles
pero
de
limitada
eficacia.
(Brooks-‐
Gordon
B
et
al,
Journal
of
forensic
Psychiatry
and
Pathology,
2006;
17:442-‐466).
El
tratamiento
a
través
de
EMDR
de
los
recuerdos
traumáticos
debería
ser
beneficioso
para
el
paciente.
En
trabajos
previos
(Ricci
RJ
et
al,
Journal
of
forensic
Psychiatry
and
Pathology,
2006;
17:538-‐562)
han
mostrado
resultados
preliminares
en
pedófilos.
Caso
Clínico:
Un
convicto
varón,
40
años,
entró
en
la
cárcel
por
abusos
sexuales
(Pedofilia)
a
la
edad
de
33
años.
Vive
con
su
mujer
y
su
hijo
(9
años
de
edad)
y
posee
un
trabajo
estable.
Su
tratamiento
farmacológico
es:
Antipsicóticos,
antidepresivos,
antiepilépticos,
ansiolíticos
y
anti-‐andrógenos.
Muestra
un
patrón
psicológico
regular
pero
está
supeditado
a
ataques
de
ansiedad
y
deseos
pedófilos.
Normalmente
necesita
ser
hospitalizado
durante
varias
semanas
2
veces
al
año.
Siguiendo
las
tareas
y
la
evaluación
psicológica
(DSM
IV,
PCLS,
SOS,
BECK
21,
DES),
conceptualización
del
caso,
los
eventos
traumáticos
donde
se
ha
aplicado
el
tratamiento
EMDR:
Violación
y
abuso
sexual
por
su
hermano
mayor
desde
los
5
hasta
los
12
años,
humillaciones
familiares,
violación
bajo
amenaza
por
un
adulto
a
la
edad
de
11
años.,
acusación
por
un
niño
de
13
años,
ingreso
en
prisión,
juicio…
Las
temáticas
en
las
primeras
8
sesiones
de
EMDR
(los
primeros
3
meses)
fueron:
Desesperanza/Control,
peligro/
Seguridad,
y
serán
expuestas
en
detalle.
Se
hizo
un
seguimiento
de
los
cambios
apreciados
por
el
paciente
y
sus
síntomas.
Una
fuerte
bajada
de
las
puntuaciones
en
ansiedad
(Beck21)
y
un
rápido
aumento
de
la
SOS
(Schwartz
outcome
scale:
quality
of
life)
fueron
observadas.
Al
mismo
tiempo
que
los
deseos
pedófilos
iban
desapareciendo.
Esto
permitía
al
psiquiatra
reducir
los
tratamiento
antiandrogénicos,
antiepilépticos,
antidepresores
y
antipsicóticos.
Nueve
meses
más
tarde
del
comienzo
del
tratamiento
el
paciente
abandonó
los
antiandrógenos.
Las
puntaciones
del
SOS
seguían
altas
pero
los
episodios
de
ansiedad
y
depresión
seguían
presentes
(de
9
a
12
meses
después
del
tratamiento
EMDR)
En
conclusión,
desensibilizar
recuerdos
dramáticos
ligados
a
una
espectacular
mejora
de
la
ansiedad
y
cambios
en
el
deseo
sexual
del
convicto
por
pedofilia.
Keywords: Child Offenders Sexual Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
88. Ichii, M. (2002, June). EMDR treatment process of two adult survivors of sexual trauma: What does external ear canal temperature suggest?. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Adult Survivors Sexual Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
89. ter Heide, J. J. (2013, April). EMDR versus stabilisatie bij getraumatiseerde vluchtelingen: Uitkomsten van een gerandomiseerde studie [EMDR versus stabilization in traumatized refugees: Results of a randomized study]. In Research track 2. Presentatie op het congres EMDR Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, Nederland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
De traumatische ervaringen en psychosociale gevolgen daarvan bij vluchtelingen worden vaak gezien als complex. Er bestaat dan ook discussie of deze patiëntenpopulatie baat kan hebben bij een traumagerichte behandeling als EMDR, of dat de behandeling zich beter kan richten op psychosociale stabilisatie. Ook over de toepasbaarheid van EMDR bij asielzoekers en bij patiënten die een tolk nodig hebben, bestaat klinisch twijfel.
In een gerandomiseerd onderzoek bij 108 volwassen asielzoekers en vluchtelingen met PTSS vergeleken wij de effectiviteit van 9 sessies EMDR met die van 12 sessies stabilisatie ‘as usual’ en wachtlijst. Primaire uitkomstmaat was PTSS, gemeten met de CAPS (een klinisch interview) en de HTQ (een vragenlijst). Daarnaast keken we naar het effect op angst en depressie (HSCL) en kwaliteit van leven (WHOQOL). In deze presentatie worden de bevindingen van dit onderzoek en de klinische implicaties ervan besproken.
The traumatic experiences and psychosocial consequences are often seen as complex. Among refugees, therefore, there is debate whether this patient population can benefit from a trauma-focused EMDR treatment, or that the treatment can better focus on psychosocial stabilization. Also on the applicability of EMDR in asylum seekers and in patients who require language translation, clinical doubt exists.
In a randomized trial in 108 adult asylum seekers and refugees with PTSD, we compared the effectiveness of 9 EMDR sessions with 12 sessions of stabilization 'as usual' and waiting list. Primary outcome measure was PTSD, as measured by the CAPS (a clinical interview) and HTQ (a questionnaire). We also looked at the effect on anxiety and depression (HSCL) and quality of life (WHOQOL). In this presentation, the findings of this study and the clinical implications are discussed.
Keywords: Asylum Seekers Refugees Research
Accuracy Verified: No
90. ter Heide, J. J. (2008, June). EMDR versus stabilisation in the treatment of traumatised asylum seekers and refugees: Preliminary results of a pilot RCT. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Conference, London, England UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Despite the high prevalence of PTSD in refugee populations, it is as yet unclear how to treat traumatised refugees
and asylum seekers most effectively. Whilst EMDR is a treatment of choice for PTSD, it is considered good clinical
practice to use a phased model of intervention with these patients. In this model, a stabilisation phase precedes
EMDR. Many clinicians are reluctant to try EMDR with this population for fear of psychological decompensation.
They tend to stick to stabilisation techniques. Centrum ’45 in the Netherlands is a national centre for mental
health care, specialising in the treatment of victims of war and organised violence. In order to optimise the
mental health care offered, the centre is conducting a pilot RCT to see which is more effective in the treatment of
traumatised asylum seekers and refugees: eight sessions of EMDR or eight sessions of stabilisation. The study
population consists of 20 adult patients who applied for treatment and who met the DSM-IV criteria of PTSD,
excluding those who are suicidal, psychotic, (hypo) manic or who suffer from substance abuse or eating
disorders. Patients are screened for participation using the SCID module PTSD and part of the MINI. Symptoms of
PTSD, depression and anxiety, and quality of life are assessed at pre- and post-treatment and follow-up, using the
HTQ, HSCL-25 and the WHOQOL-BREF. The pilot study is due to finish in October 2008. In this poster
presentation, we present preliminary findings, including data from the pre- and post-treatment assessments.
Keywords: Asylum Seekers Poster Refugees
Accuracy Verified: Yes
91. Beer, R., & de Roos, C. (2000, May). EMDR with children and adolescents. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR can also be successfully applied to children. Results may even occur more rapidly than in the case of adult treatment. In this workshop, guidelines will be presented for adapting EMDR to children. Special attention is given to modifications in the EMDR protocol and to differences between children and adults in their response both to trauma and EMDR. Indications and contraindications will be discussed as well as ways to involve parents in the treatment. Research information regarding EMDR with children will be resumed. The presentation will be illustrated by videotapes and case discussions.
Keywords: Adolescents Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
92. Morris-Smith, J. (2001, May). EMDR with children exposed to chronic abuse and domestic violence. Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, London, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
This paper aims to discuss some of the issues of working using EMDR, as a part of the
integrated treatment process of children, who have been exposed to chronic abuse and
domestic violence. These children are all in the care system and are living with foster parents
who know very little about their previous lives. Often the professionals caring for them also
have little of the child's history and many details of what they have been exposed to are not
known. The children are frequently detached, dissociated and shut down from their past
experiences, though their traumatised behaviours continue to blight and dominate their entire
lives and present major difficulties in their daily management and future planning. Their
emotional and social development appears to be arrested by their chronic multiple
traumatisation. They are also kept in transitional placements for long periods of time, whilst
their long-term needs are assessed. There is a struggle to identify appropriate long-term
placements for such damaged children as their severe multiple traumatisation prevents them
from being able to trust or begin to form new attachments or even to develop a sense of
safety. There is a nee for early intervention to treat their severely traumatised symptoms and
memories, to help rid them of their overwhelming terror and fears of the adult world and to
free them to begin to form healthier more appropriate behaviours and attachments. How
using EMDR to enable these children to develop and progress emotionally and socially
towards a more positive future is described.
Keywords: Children Chronic Abuse, Domestic Violence
Accuracy Verified: Yes
93. Lovett, J. M. (1995, June). EMDR with Children: Eleven months to eleven years. Presentatioj at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
There are special considerations when treating children for critical incidents, anxiety, or other "EMDR amenable" conditions.
Especially challenging for EMDR practitioners, young children may not be able to verbalize their thoughts, feelings, or beliefs
children old enough to understand treatment options may choose to keep their symptoms rather than experience temporarily
increased anxiety during treatment. Even cooperative children may not be able to identify a positive cognition because their life
experience and/or cognitive development have not yet permitted resources for self-soothing or making sense of life changing events.
Furthermore, children are dependent on an adult or family for their physical safety and emotional wellbeing. Although the child may
be the "identified patient," the parents' own post-traumatic beliefs may be triggering the child's symptoms, and a successful outcome
for the child may depend on the parents' reprocessing of traumatic material.
Case studies will be presented to illustrate how the EMDR practitioner workmg with children can integrate EMDR techniques with
play therapy, use "EMDR enhanced" games, choose an appropriate positive cognition for a young child, introduce creative
interweaves to reach trauma resolution, and work with parents to separate their PTSD triggers from their child's behavior.
Keywords: Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
94. Murray, K. (2012). EMDR with grief: Reflections on Ginny Sprang’s 2001 study. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(4), 187-191. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.4.1.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
“Translating Research Into Practice” is a new regular journal feature in which clinicians share clinical
case examples that support, elaborate, or illustrate the results of a specific research study. Each column
begins with the abstract of that study, followed by the clinician’s description of their own application
of standard eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) procedures with the population or
problem treated in the study. The column is edited by the EMDR Research Foundation with the goal of
providing a link between research and practice and making research findings relevant in therapists’
day-today
practices. In this issue’s column, Katy Murray references Sprang’s (2001) study, which investigated
EMDR treatment of complicated mourning and describes how she used EMDR with three challenging
cases—a mother mourning for her young adult son who died by suicide, a woman struggling with the loss
of her mother to Alzheimer’s disease, and a young mother whose baby was stillborn. Case examples are
followed with a comprehensive discussion.
Keywords: Bridging Research Grief Mourning Practice
Accuracy Verified: Yes
95. Yule, W. (2004, February). EMDR with PTSD in children and adolescents: Overview and prospects. Keynote presented at the 2nd annual Conference of the EMDR UK & Ireland Association, Birmingham, UK.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
As with many therapies, the evidence base for the effectiveness of EMDR with children and adolescents is much less established than that with adult clients suffering PTSD. Whilst there is sufficent evidence from open studies and case studies to justify its application, there is a real need for proper evaluation with the younger clinical groups. This paper will review
existing evidence, but will also raise issues of the implications for clinical practice of working with rapidly developing children. To what extent
can and should one takecognisance of th e developmental levels, both cognitive and emotional? How is or should EMDR technique be adapted for work with young children? The actual practices of Shapiro and Tinker vary dramatically, and this needs tbe confronted and understood. The conclusions are that EMDR has an important role In helping traumatized children, but we need to understand both children and EMDR
better in order to develop even more effective interventions.
Keywords: Adolescents Children Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
96. Errebo, N., Knipe, J., Forte, K., Karlin, V., & Altayli, B. (2008). EMDR-HAP training in Sri Lanka following the 2004 tsunami. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 124-139. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.124.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
On December 26, 2004, an earthquake in the Indian Ocean triggered a catastrophic tsunami. In Sri Lanka, 35,000 people died, 21,000 were injured, and more than half a million were displaced. An EMDR training program was conducted as a joint project of three organizations: EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs (HAP), International Relief Teams (IRT), and the Sri Lankan National Counselors Association (SRILNAC). Between March and December 2005, 30 Sri Lankan counselors were trained in EMDR. These counselors demonstrated competence in EMDR on several measures, treated more than 1,000 children and more than 350 adult tsunami victims with EMDR in 2005, provided narrative reports and outcome measures for most of their clients, and formed the Sri Lanka EMDR Association (SEA). The crucial steps in establishing and implementing this training program are explained, with a summary of the subjective impressions and learning experiences most valued by the training team, including an excerpt from a trainer's journal. This information may be useful to future cross-cultural humanitarian efforts following large-scale disasters. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Children Cross-Cultural Treatment Humanitarian Efforts Indian Ocean Tsunami Mental Health Personnel Personal Narrative Professional Training Sri Lanka Sri Lankans Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Tsunamis
Accuracy Verified: Yes
97. de Jongh, A., & de Roos, C. (2013). EMDR: Als herinneringen in de weg zitten. Modern Medicine, 3, 85-88.
Language: Dutch
Format: Magazine
Abstract:
EMDR is een geprotocolleerde, evidence based
behandelprocedure gericht op het verzwakken
van emotioneel beladen herinneringen aan
gebeurtenissen in het verleden. Volgens de meest recente
versie van de Multidisciplinaire richtlijn Angststoornissen
is EM DR één van de twee meest in aanmerking komende
psychologische interventies bij de posttraumatische stressstoornis
(PTSS). Daarnaast wordt EMDR steeds vaker toegepast
bij de behandeling van andere klachten en psychische
aandoeningen. De EM DR-behandeling wordt geïllustreerd
aan de hand van een casus van een volwassene met erectiele
disfunctie en een kind met een eetprobleem.
EMDR is an organized, evidence-based
treatment procedure aimed at weakening
of emotionally charged memories
events in the past. According to the most recent
version of the Anxiety Disorders Multidisciplinary guideline
EM DR is one of the two most eligible
psychological interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD). In addition, EMDR is increasingly used
in the treatment of other symptoms and psychological
disorders. The EM-DR treatment is illustrated
on the basis of a case of an adult with erectile
dysfunction and a child with an eating disorder.
Keywords: Adult Children Eating Disorder Erectile Dysfunction
Accuracy Verified: Yes
98. Jones, J. (1995, June). EMDR: A candid view from the psychiatrist's couch. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
I will attempt to present an overview of the major psychiatric disorders, some medical and neurologic syndromes and general concepts on how I approach diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Our time will include all this and put special focus on psychpharmacology. The nature and scope of this material will be mostly introductory but i will certainly be open to exploring my topic at greater depth depending the needs of the group present. The audience should be any among you who would likea way to begin organizing you approach to pharmacology and the impact that is having on your practice and the use of EMDR. Licensed clinical social workers, marriage and family counselors and psychologists should especially benefit form the discussion. You can expect to hear about major depression and its variants, bipolar disorder, panic disorder and the general anxiety disorders- some coverage of eating disorders, PTSD and adult attention deficit disorder but in less detail. I shall only touch upon schzophrenia and the psychotic disorders unless you show a special interest. The same is true for medical and neurologic diagnosis which have psychotic sequelas. I shall then to proceed to describe the differences and similarities among the antidepressants following that with a less detailed presentation of anit-anxiety agents, anti-psychotics, lithium and its siblings and a few of the "tried-and-true" substances of abuse like alcohol, stimulants, hallucinogens and narcotics. Please forgive me if I draw the line at designer drugs. This is a vast amount of information. I shall empasize general organizing concepts which will help the clinician who would like to understand some of his/her clients better, know better when to make a referral to a psychiatrist, now some of the potentials and limitations of EMDR when your clients are taking medications and/or have a major psychiatric disorder. Do not come to if you wish to set sail on a sea of psychiatric and medical details - 90 minutes just will not suffice! I will depend on you to speak up at any time with your concerns and queries (not to mention contradictions) so we can tailor the moment to the real interests of those present. I will attempt to reserve a substantial amount of time for question, answers, and observations but, if we are lucky, this will be happening throughout the ninety minutes. If we have time left I will explore the subject of "you and your psychiatrist" with both panache and hubris. We have a reputation for not being the most ingratiating of colleagues. I have a number of suggestions from a psychiatrist perspective which could make it easier to manage (sic) your psychiatrist. I hope we will be able to conclude with some high spirits and as they say here in California, a time for sharing and mutual understanding.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
99. Karpel, M. A. (2006, September). EMDR: Targeting the repetition compulsion in couples therapy. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR constitutes a valuable tool for couples
therapists when one or both partners are stuck in
repetitive, reactive cycles. This workshop describes
the circumstances in which EMDR is most likely to
be helpful in couples therapy. It examines the
benefits of EMDR through the lens of the repetition compulsion, with pariicular emphasis on common - and often intractable - impasses in in the treatment of couples. The origins of the repetition compulsion
in early failures of attunement are described, as in
the re-enactment of these experiences in the adult
couples relationship. Working with EMDR is nested
within the context of a resource-based approach to
couples therapy, emphasizing how emotional
reactivity and defensive withdrawal impede the
expression of empathy, trustworthiness, intimacy and repair in the couples relationship. Different formats for conducting EMDR (separately with one partner; separately with both partners; conjointly with both partners; or adjunctively with another therapist) are
presented, along with indicators, advantages and
disadvantages of each format. Special
considerations (such as when to introduce EMDR,
balancing alliances, sequencing sessions and
instructions to an observing partner) and
modifications of the standard protocol when EMDR
is used in the context of couples treatment are also
clarified. Finally, circumstances in which EMDR
is unlikely to be helpful or in which it is contraindicated are examined.
Keywords: Couples Therapy Repetition Compulsion
Accuracy Verified: Yes
100. Butler, A. C., Chapman, J. R., Forman, E. M., & Beck, A. T. (2006, January). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 17-31. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.003.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This review summarizes the current meta-analysis literature on treatment outcomes of CBT for a wide range of psychiatric disorders. A search of the literature resulted in a total of 16 methodologically rigorous meta-analyses. Our review focuses on effect sizes that contrast outcomes for CBT with outcomes for various control groups for each disorder, which provides an overview of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy as quantified by meta-analysis. Large effect sizes were found for CBT for unipolar depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, social phobia, PTSD, and childhood depressive and anxiety disorders. Effect sizes for CBT of marital distress, anger, childhood somatic disorders, and chronic pain were in the moderate range. CBT was somewhat superior to antidepressants in the treatment of adult depression. CBT was equally effective as behavior therapy in the treatment of adult depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Large uncontrolled effect sizes were found for bulimia nervosa and schizophrenia. The 16 meta-analyses we reviewed support the efficacy of CBT for many disorders. While limitations of the meta-analytic approach need to be considered in interpreting the results of this review, our findings are consistent with other review methodologies that also provide support for the efficacy CBT. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Cognitive Therapy Literature Review Meta Analysis Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
101. DeRubeis, R., & Crits-Christoph, P. (1998, February). Empirically supported individual and group psychological treatments for adult mental disorders. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 66(1), 37-52. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.66.1.53 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The experimental literature on individual and group psychological treatments for adult disorders is reviewed. For each of the 11 disorders or problems covered, treatments that fall into the following categories, as defined by D.L. Chambless and S. D. Hollon (1998), are identified: efficacious and specific, efficacious, and possibly efficacious. Behavioral and cognitive-behavioral treatments dominate the lists, especially in the anxiety disorders, with notable exceptions. Reasons for the hegemony of the behavioral and cognitive modalities are discussed, and some limitations of the empirically supported treatment concept are addressed. Continued research is recommended on Aptitude x Treatment interactions, cost-benefit ratios, and generalization of treatments to a variety of patient populations, therapists, and treatment settings.
Keywords: Review
Accuracy Verified: Yes
102. Ponniah, K., & Hollon, S. D. (2009). Empirically supported psychological treatments for adult acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder: A review. Depression and Anxiety, 26(12), 1086-1109. doi:10.1002/da.20635.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background: Acute stress disorder (ASD) predicts the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which in some sufferers can persist for years and lead to significant disability. We carried out a review of randomized controlled trials to give an update on which psychological treatments are empirically supported for these disorders, and used the criteria set out by Chambless and Hollon [1998: J Consult Clin Psychol 66:7-18] to draw conclusions about efficacy, first irrespective of trauma type and second with regard to particular populations. METHODS: The PsycINFO and PubMed databases were searched electronically to identify suitable articles published up to the end of 2008. Fifty-seven studies satisfied our inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Looking at the literature undifferentiated by trauma type, there was evidence that trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) are efficacious and specific for PTSD, stress inoculation training, hypnotherapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, and psychodynamic therapy are possibly efficacious for PTSD and trauma-focused CBT is possibly efficacious for ASD. Not one of these treatments has been tested with the full range of trauma groups, though there is evidence that trauma-focused CBT is established in efficacy for assault- and road traffic accident-related PTSD. Conclusions: Trauma-focused CBT and to a lesser extent EMDR (due to fewer studies having been conducted and many having had a mixed trauma sample) are the psychological treatments of choice for PTSD, but further research of these and other therapies with different populations is needed. [Pubmed]
Keywords: Acute Stress Disorder ASD Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychological Therapies PTSD Qualitative Review Random Control Trials, RCT
Accuracy Verified: Yes
103. D'Anca, J. A. (1996). Employing eye movement, desensitization/reorientation (EMDR) to treat posttraumatic stress disorder: A case study. Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL. AAT 9701975.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The author presents a case study of a 42- year-old white female, the victim of multiple sexual traumas resulting in PTSD. Eye Movement Desensitization/Reorientation (EMDR), a relatively new technique, is employed within the broader context of talk therapy to effect change. EMDR's therapeutic effectiveness is evaluated on a trauma-by-trauma basis through Subjective Units of Distress (SUD), pre- and post-treatment. The maintenance of sustained effected change in SUD ratings is monitored over time on a monthly basis throughout psychotherapy's duration. The patient's changes in overall level of functioning resulting from EMDR and talk therapy are evaluated through changes in MMPI and Rorschach scores. Patient progress is monitored three times through the assessment combination of these two measures: pre-, mid-, and post-treatment. This study addresses the following questions: Is Eye Movement Desensitization/Reorientation an effective technique in decreasing or eliminating symptomatology and psychopathology resulting from PTSD; and are any therapeutic benefits from its use maintained over a period of at least one year? Finally, what changes in the patient's overall level of functioning result from the combination of EMDR and talk therapy?The review of literature presents four models of PTSD: (a) the information processing model, (b) the psychological model, (c) the structural-developmental model (Fluid character pathology), and (d) the structural-developmental model (Dysregulation of impulse). These models offer a basis for conceptualizing PTSD as well as present the typical features of this pathology. The current diagnostic criteria for diagnosis as presented in DSM-IV also are included. Finally, a comprehensive review of the current literature available on Eye Movement Desensitization is presented. Results from the employ of EMDR evidence substantial reduction of PTSD symptomatology for all traumas treated. The reduction of symptomatology sustained for as long as 26 months. A summary of the case, findings, discussion of relevant information along with recommendations completes this work. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 57(8-B), Feb 1997, pp. 5321.
Keywords: Adults Adult Child Abuse Case Study Empirical Study Females Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
104. ter Heide, J. J., Mooren, T., & Kleber, R. (2009, November). Evidence-based vs. good practice: The treatment of traumatized refugees with EMDR. In M. Olff, J. J. Ter Heide, M. J. Nijdam, & S. Guay (Chairs), Advances in evidence-based treatment for PTSD. Symposium conducted at the 25th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Atlanta, GA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Despite the scientific evidence concerning the efficacy of EMDR
in the treatment of PTSD, in clinical practice many clinicians
are reluctant to apply EMDR to traumatized asylum seekers
and refugees. Because they regard the traumatization of
this population as too complex, and for fear of psychological
decompensation, they tend to avoid confrontation with traumatic
memories and stick to stabilization techniques. In a pilot study
with 20 traumatized asylum seekers and refugees, we tested
the hypothesis that, in accordance with treatment guidelines,
EMDR would be more effective than stabilization in asylum
seekers and refugees. Adult asylum seekers and refugees who
applied for treatment at Centrum ’45, a Dutch national centre for
psychological treatment of victims of war and organized violence,
were randomly allocated to either 11 sessions of EMDR or 11
sessions of stabilization. PTSD and comorbid symptomatology
and quality of life were assessed at pre- and post-treatment and
three-month follow-up. In this presentation, the results of this
pilot RCT will be discussed. Significant differences favouring
EMDR over stabilization were found. Despite several drawbacks including a high drop-out and limited clinical improvement,
study design seems feasible with this population.
Keywords: Evidence-Based Good Practice Refugees Symposium Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
105. Griffith, H. (2009, July). Evoking the embodied image with EMDR: Jung in the age of the brain. Presentation at the International Association for Jungian Studies Conference, Wales, Scotland.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
A new paradigm for understanding psychopathology is emerging out of the convergence of research in formerly disparate domains such as neurobiology, attachment theory, and the effects of trauma. At the same time, unorthodox treatment modalities such as EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) and the Energy therapies are beginning to gain favour in mainstream psychotherapy, not only because they seem to be supported by findings in fields such as neurobiology, but because they are so effective. As Jungians, I believe that our challenge is to revisit our work in the light of these latest scientific discoveries.
In this paper, I first outline what brain imaging techniques are revealing about the importance of the dance between mother and infant in the actual hard-wiring of the babys developing brain. I then focus on trauma research, which shows how the release of stress induced hormones can result in the disorganization of the brain and the consequent shut down of integrative neuronal pathways. If we bring these two streams of research together we can see how early trauma within the parent infant bond, in which there is no adequate container to prevent the baby from falling into unbearable anxiety and terror, can initiate the hard-wiring of dysfunctional attitudes and behaviours that become reinforced throughout the childs development.
I then briefly describe the EMDR protocol, which is proving to be a very effective technique in helping adult patients work through some of these dysfunctional patterns internalized in that very early parental dyad. This protocol uses a bilateral stimulation of the brain to engage a wider network of neuronal pathways to help process the painful psychological material, or complex, with which the patient is struggling. Facilitating a successful EMDR session is a little like witnessing a spontaneous active imagination as the patient weaves together the threads of a multitude of images, sensations, emotions, and cognitions into the fabric of a fuller, more nuanced, healing story of the self.
The purpose of my paper is to demonstrate how these recent theoretical insights and treatment protocols can illuminate and enhance a Jungian approach to conducting psychotherapy. What I find remarkable is the compatibility between much of the contemporary research on the brain and many of Jungs ideas about the psyche.
In this paper, however, I focus primarily on what we can learn about the complex. Drawing on numerous examples from case histories, I illustrate the effectiveness of the EMDR protocol in evoking the affect and embodied image at the core of the complex. I also demonstrate how the bilateral stimulation of the brain not only helps facilitate change but also, through the material which is engendered, gives us a window into how the complex was constructed in the first place.
Accuracy Verified: No
106. Capps, F. (2005). The EXACT method: Resolution of substance abuse-related trauma in couples counseling utilizing eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX. AAT 3173700.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
This study utilized single session EMDR (Shapiro, 1995, 2002) and the Experiential Approach to Couples Treatment (EXACT method) to target substance abuse related trauma in non-dependent partners (NDPs) of former substance abusers. Chemical dependent partners (CDPs) received simultaneous experiential treatment. Treatment effects and maintenance of treatment between experimental and wait-list control groups were examined for trauma reduction, commitment to sobriety, and emotional intimacy. Correlations among intimacy, emotional quality, between and commitment to sobriety were examined. Meta-analyses informed the literature review and described the gold standards (Foa & Meadows, 1997) which were used to rate controlled research. The Emogram (Priesmeyer, Knickerbocker, Comstock, & Mudge, 2001) was used for pre-posttest comparisons. This study met the gold standards at a rating of seven (RGS = 7.0). The sample consisted of 12 couples (N = 24) drawn from adult volunteers who met screening criteria. Data was analyzed using within subjects multivariate analyses of variance with repeated measures, and Pearson product-moment correlations. Trauma-related symptoms were significantly reduced for NDPs. Commitment to sobriety was measured by anxiety and depression symptoms which were significantly reduced for chemical dependent partners (CDPs). Trauma, anxiety, and depression reductions were maintained for all participants at follow-up. Maintenance of gains in commitment to sobriety and in emotional intimacy for CDPs failed to reject the null hypotheses. Measures of Self Disclosure, Love and Affection, and Personal Validation were significantly correlated, but were not significantly correlated to Trust or to Emotional Quality. No significant relationship was found between Emotional Quality and Commitment to Sobriety or between Emotional Quality and Emotional Intimacy for CDPs. Conclusions include that a single session of the treatment was efficacious for trauma, anxiety, and depression reduction and for increased commitment to sobriety and intimacy. Treatment gains for trauma, anxiety, and depression reduction were maintained. Commitment to sobriety and emotional intimacy gains tended to be maintained but were not significant. Intimacy measures tended to be related to each other, but relationships among other measures were not significant. Recommendations include larger sample sizes, additional variables of study, and lengthening follow-ups. Comparative treatment methods are recommended. Future research should include families. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. 66(4-A), 2005, pp. 1282.
Keywords: Counseling Couples Drug Abuse Emotional Trauma Empirical Study Quantitative Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
107. Gezondheidsraad (2011, June). Executive summary. In Gezondheidsraad Behandeling van de gevolgen van kindermishandeling (pp. 15-20). Den Haag: Gezondheidsraad.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Compiled at the request of the Aan de staatssecretaris van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, [The The Secretary of State for Health, Welfare and Sport] requested Gezondheidsraad [the Health Council of the Netherlands] compile this 130 page national report on child abuse. This report includes EMDR as a major tool for the treatment of abuse children. The text is in Dutch except for the "Executive Summary" which is in English. Abstract: Request for advice:
Child abuse has always been with us and it takes many different forms. It is estimated
that more than 100,000 children are abused in the Netherlands each year. In recent years, the government has taken strong measures to improve the prevention,
detection, and reporting of child abuse. Given the lack of clarity concerning
the available treatment options for juvenile and adult victims of child
abuse, the Minister for Youth and Family has requested the Health Council’s
advice on this matter. He asked for a summary of the current level of knowledge
regarding treatment of the effects of child abuse, and an explanation of the nature
of these effects. He further requested an indication of the care requirement, and
recommendations on how the care for victims can be improved.
Keywords: Abuse Children Guidelines
Accuracy Verified: Yes
108. Boyer, W. R. (2007). An exploratory study of the effects of EMDR on state/trait anxiety and anger in adult male sex offenders. Argosy University, San Francisco, CA. ATT 3286571.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the effects of EMDR
on state and trait anxiety and anger levels associated with developmental
traumas of sexual offenders in outpatient sex offender treatment. A
qualitative component explored the participants' perceptions of their
therapy experiences as helpful in resolving problematic reactive behaviors
linked with the developmental traumas and other negative life experiences.
The male participants ranged in age from 20 to 49 and were self-selected
from a purposive sample of clients receiving treatment in an outpatient sex
offender program in Southwest Florida. From this sample group, N = 17, the
study participants were randomly assigned to one of two treatment
modalities, EMDR or CBT. This exploratory study utilized a
quasi-experimental, mixed methods format to analyze the effects of EMDR on
state/trait anxiety and anger levels. The study utilized both quantitative
and qualitative research strategies to acquire what Webster and Marshall
(2004) described as "the clearest, fullest picture of behavior" (p. 118).
The quantitative analysis of data obtained from the pre and post-testing
found no significant differences between the treatment groups in reducing
state/trait anxiety and anger levels. The analysis of the qualitative
interview data revealed four core themes: Treatment Efficacy, Emotional
Processing, Therapeutic Alliance, and Empowerment. The emergent themes of
emotional processing and the therapeutic alliance have not been fully
explored in sex offender therapy and may warrant further scrutiny.
Additionally, processing of developmental traumas and past victimization has
been avoided or minimized in standard cognitive-behavioral sex offender
treatment contrary to more recent research findings that identify attachment
problems and intimacy deficits as key dynamic risk factors associated with
sexual recidivism (Adams, 2003). The field of sex offender therapy may
benefit from future research that investigates the role of trauma resolution
in mitigating dynamic risk factors that are linked with recidivistic sexual
violence. EMDR may serve as an adjunctive therapy to assist sexual offenders
to effectively process developmental wounds and in so doing target dynamic
risk factors by improving their ability to emotionally self-regulate and
enhance their ability to more fully experience victim empathy and improve
interpersonal relationships. Future sex offender research may benefit from
more expanded investigations of EMDR and other limbic therapies. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 68(10-B), 2008, pp. 6951.
Keywords: Anger Anxiety Criminals Developmental Disabilities Empirical Study Qualitative Study Outpatients Quantitative Study Sex Offenders Sex Offenses Trauma Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
109. Mevissen, L. (2008). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Wetenschappelijk Tijdschrift Autisme, (3), 123-135.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
D. is altijd al bang geweest om alleen met het openbaar vervoer te reizen, vooral vanwege al die vreemde mensen die naar haar kijken. Sinds ze in een volle metro door een man is bedreigd durft ze niet meer zelfstandig met de metro naar haar werk. Moeder: “we zijn weer terug bij af”. Gebrek aan zelfrefectie, onvermogen om een therapeutische relatie aan te gaan, problemen in de communicatie, de angst dat klachten juist gaan toenemen met misschien wel decompensatie tot gevolg; het zijn veel gebruikte argumenten om af te zien van psychotherapie bij mensen met een ASS. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is een vrij nieuwe behandelmethode met een sterk geprotocolleerde werkwijze die zich duidelijk onderscheidt van veel andere methoden die een beroep doen op vaardigheden waar mensen met een ASS per defnitie in tekort schieten. Zou EMDR perspectieven kunnen bieden als het gaat om psychotherapie bij cliënten met een ASS en comorbide stoornissen, die zijn ontstaan ten gevolge van ingrijpende gebeurtenissen?
D. is a normally gifted young adult woman with Asperger syndrome. She has always been afraid to be alone on public transport to travel, especially because of all those strange people who look at her. Since they are in a full subway is threatened by a man she dares not own the subway to her job. Mother: "We're back to square one". Lack zelfrefectie, inability to enter a therapeutic relationship, problems in communication, just the fear that complaints will increase by perhaps decompensation result, they are commonly used arguments to refrain from psychotherapy for people with ASD. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new treatment with a strong protocolled method clearly differs from many other methods that rely on skills that people with ASD in a defnitie fail. EMDR perspectives might offer in terms of psychotherapy for clients with ASD and comorbid disorders that have arisen as a result of traumatic events?
Keywords: Asperger's Autistic Spectrum Disorders Stress Symptoms
Accuracy Verified: Yes
110. Kim, D. (2005, March). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 44(2), 147-151.
Language: Korean
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article reviews existing Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) literature concerning its effectiveness, theory, mechanism, and procedural aspects in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Evidence from randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses indicates that EMDR is as effective as well established treatments such as exposure and cognitive behavior therapy. And moreover, EMDR may be more efficient in terms of unnecessary homework assignment and fewer treatment sessions. The current status of EMDR occupies one of legitimate and standard psychotherapeutic approaches in adult PTSD treatment. Mechanism for treatment efficacy is poorly understood at present and putative at most, however, there is a growing body of literature on neurobiological change after successful EMDR treatment.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
111. Finley, P. A. (2002, April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of sex offenders. Walden University, Minneapolis, MN. AAT 3068413.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
Most sex offenders in treatment in the United States understand and adapt well to the predominantly cognitive/behavioral/relapse prevention (RP) aspects of their treatment. "No more victims" is the fundamental goal of sex offender treatment, and due to this focus on relapse prevention, most sex offenders do not adequately address their own emotional wounding from early trauma and victimization. This author believes these unresolved affective issues lead to the cognitive distortions and justifications that allow sex offenders to give themselves permission to offend in the first place. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a therapeutic intervention that assists in rapidly resolving troubling thoughts, feelings, and physical sensations. Incorporating EMDR into the current cognitive/behavioral/relapse prevention (RP) treatment model for sex offender treatment opens the possibility of reducing the reoffense rate in society. In this study, affective issues of adult male sex offenders (n = 27) were addressed, employing EMDR; this comprised the experimental treatment group. The experimental group received a pretest, three EMDR sessions, and a posttest over an average time of 3.8 months. The Multiphasic Sex Inventory (MSI) was the measure used for this research. The three scales on that test designed to measure for thinking errors were: the Cognitive Distortion and Immaturity (CDI Scale; the Justification (Ju) Scale; and the Treatment Attitudes (TA) Scale. Archived pretest/posttest scores of randomly selected and anonymous adult male sex offenders comprised the control group (n = 27). This group was tested on the MSI and MSI 2 before entering Module 4 and after finishing Module 5, representing 22.5 months of treatment pretest/posttest. All control and experimental group subjects took part in a mandated cognitive/behavioral/relapse prevention (RP) program. The independent two-sample t test was used to compare two means utilizing the rate of change between the experimental and control group. The results of the study indicate a statistically significant reduction in justifications for offender behavior in the experimental group on the Ju scale (p-value = 0.008). On the CDI and TA scale, the null hypotheses were supported. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 63(10-B), Apr 2003, pp. 4899.
Keywords: Empirical Study Male Sex Offenders Relapse Prevention Sex Offenders Sex Offenses Sex Offender Treatment Therapeutic Intervention
Accuracy Verified: Yes
112. Kim, D., & Choi, J. (2004, November). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for disorder of extreme stress: A case report. Journal of the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 43(6), 760-763.
Language: Korean
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A chronic psychological disorder is often encountered in adult survivors of severe and repeated child abuse. We report a case of successful Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment in a multiply traumatized survivor whose previous treatments with psychotropic medication and supportive psychotherapy were unsuccessful. A series of consecutive six weekly sessions of EMDR were given. The patient completed Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Dissociative Experiences Scale. State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory and Impact of Event Scale-Revised at four points; at two months and a week before EMDR, a week and six months after EMDR. After EMDR, the patient improved on all the measures of scales. These gains were maintained at six months after the termination of treatment. This case suggests a possible application of EMDR with for chronic difficult-to-treat post traumatic conditions.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
113. Balcom, D. (2000, December). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of traumatized gay men. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services, 12(1/2), 75-89. doi:10.1300/J041v12n01_04 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Gay men suffering from traumatic experiences can benefit from Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing treatment (EMDR). In the past decade the theory and practice of EMDR has expanded to address acute and chronic childhood and adult traumas, substance misuse or abuse, identity issues including shame and self-esteem, and health issues. Through a process of accelerated information processing, traumatic memories are desensitized and reprocessed, resulting in less distress for the client in the present and future. EMDR can also be useful for developing internal resources and for exploration of relevant themes for the client. Further attention is needed in exploring the use of EMDR for gay men traumatized by hate crimes, sexual issues resulting from traumatic experiences, and internalized homophobia. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Emotional Trauma Gay Males Homosexuality Homosexuals Males Psychotherapeutic Processes Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
114. Balcom, D. (2001). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of traumatized gay men. In J. Cassese (Ed.), Gay men and childhood sexual trauma: Integrating the shattered self (pp. 75-89). Binghamton, NY: Harrington Park Press/The Haworth Press.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
Describes the theory and practice of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment (EMDR), presents a survey of its applications to traumatized gay male clients, and offers an illustrative case study to highlight the utility of EMDR. In the past decade the theory and practice of EMDR has expanded to address acute and chronic childhood and adult traumas, substance misuse or abuse, identity issues including shame and self-esteem, and health issues. The author suggests that gay men suffering from traumatic experiences can benefit from EMDR. It is noted that through a process of accelerated information processing, traumatic memories are desensitized and reprocessed, resulting in less distress for the client in the present and future. It is concluded that further attention is needed in exploring the use of EMDR for gay men traumatized by hate crimes, sexual issues resulting from traumatic experiences, and internalized homophobia. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Adults Emotional Trauma Gay Males Homosexuality Homosexuals Males Psychotherapeutic Processes Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
115. Edmond, T. E. (1998, August). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Evaluating its effectiveness in reducing trauma symptoms in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. University of Texas at Austin. AAT 9824929.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate, through the use of a randomized experimental design, the effectiveness of EMDR in reducing trauma symptoms in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. No EMDR research to date has been exclusively comprised of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse, a historically difficult treatment population. Additionally, while numerous clinical accounts of treatment with sexual abuse survivors have been published, controlled treatment research has rarely been done. Of the studies found that examine treatment efficacy exclusively with this population, none involved the use of random assignment.A sample of 60 adult female sexual abuse survivors were selected and randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) individual EMDR treatment; (2) individual eclectic treatment; or (3) delayed treatment control group. The participating survivors' trauma symptoms were measured in pretests and posttests on standardized as well as subjective instruments that measured anxiety, posttraumatic stress, depression, negative beliefs about the sexual abuse, emotional distress and desired positive self beliefs. The survivors in the study assigned to the experimental or comparison treatment groups received six 90 minute individual sessions of either EMDR or eclectic therapy. The delayed treatment control group subjects were pretested, asked to delay treatment for six weeks, and after being post tested were assigned a therapist with which to work. Data analysis consisted primarily of multivariate and univariate analysis of variance. The posttest results indicated that EMDR was very effective in reducing the targeted trauma symptoms compared to the control group. Eclectic therapy at posttest was also found to be very effective, resulting in a lack of statistically significant differences between the experimental and comparison treatments. However, analysis conducted at the three month follow-up revealed that EMDR was significantly more effective than eclectic therapy at maintaining therapeutic gains. The results of this study suggest that while both EMDR and eclectic therapy, when applied as brief psychotherapy models of treatment for survivors, can produce significant alleviation of trauma symptoms, EMDR may provide more enduring resolution. These findings have important implications for both survivors and the service providers available to them. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. 59(2-A), Aug 1998, pp. 0617.
Keywords: Adults Child Abuse Empirical Study Females Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
116. Jedd, D. J. (1998). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: arousal as a pre-condition for treatment . Argosy University, Chicago, IL.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Keywords: Adult Child Victims Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy Method PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
117. Edmond, T. (2000). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Evaluating its effectiveness in reducing trauma symptoms in adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Presentation at the Conference of the Twelfth National Symposium on Doctoral Research in Social Work.Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Adults Child Abuse Empirical Study Females Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
118. Severe, N. D. (1998, July). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Treatment application to post-traumatic stress disorder in a latency-aged multi-traumatized child. California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego, CA. AAT 9820480.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
This document presents an individual case study focusing on the qualitative application of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment to PTSD in a latency-aged multi-traumatized child. Theoretical, empirical and clinical descriptions of PTSD and EMDR are presented in order to understand childhood psychological trauma and its treatment. Further, an explanation of childhood psychic trauma is presented to distinguish between single event trauma (Type I Trauma) and multiple exposure to psychologically overwhelming events (Type II Trauma) as defined by Lenore Terr. Child abuse and specifically sexual abuse is described as an example of a Type II trauma that is closely related to the development of post-traumatic symptoms and reactions. EMDR is selected as the main cognitive behavioral treatment to help reduce PTSD symptoms in an 11-year-old male who has witnessed and experienced numerous interpersonal stressor related traumatic events.A clinical review of the child's EMDR focused treatment is summarized in a total of twenty-five sessions that follow Shapiro's EMDR 8-Step Treatment Model. Qualitative changes to the standard adult EMDR protocol made by the treating therapist are presented to illustrate how EMDR can be modified and adapted to work with latency age children. The results of the study suggest that EMDR may be a useful adjunct to an overall treatment plan aimed at ameliorating the traumatic symptoms and developmental difficulties associated with PTSD in children. The author emphasizes the need for the clinician using EMDR with children and adults to constantly target and assess the impact of present stressors and their role in the maintenance of PTSD symptomatology. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 59(1-B), Jul 1998, pp. 0438.
Keywords: Case Report Empirical Study Male Multiple Traumatic Events Nonclinical Case Study Posttrauamtic Stress Disorder Preadolescents PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
119. Lansch, D. (2006). Fallbericht zur arbeit mit der vier-felder-technik mit erwachsenen [Case report to work with the four-field technique with adult]. EMDRIA Deutschland e.V. Rundbrief, 8, 20-27.
Language: German
Format: Newsletter
Abstract:
In der nachfolgenden Arbeit möchte ich Ihnen die Vier Felder-Technik an Hand der Bilderserie
einer komplex traumatisierten Patientin vorstellen.
Ich schildere Ihnen zunächst kurz wesentliche Aspekte in der Biografie der Patientin, sowie
Auszüge aus dem Behandlungsverlauf und komme dann schließlich zur Vier-Felder-Technik
und der Bilderserie.
In the following work, I would like the four-field technique with reference to the series of images
a complex trauma patient present.
I will first briefly describe key aspects of the biography of the patient, and
Excerpts from the course of treatment and then come finally to the four-field technique
and the series of pictures.
Keywords: Adult Case Report Four-Fields Technique
Accuracy Verified: Yes
120. Edmond, T. (2005, September). The future of evidence in EMDR. Plenary presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Seattle, WA.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Evidence based practice has gained increased attention in recent years, having
been advanced initially by the medical professions, encouraged by various
academic institutions, increasingly required by insurance companies, and
endorsed by many professional associations. Although this represents an
important movement towards improving the quality of care available to
clients, there are legitimate concerns about what constitutes evidence. In
the past 15 years, research on EMDR has proliferated and the methodological
rigor of that work has greatly improved. Yet skepticism ahout the effectiveness
of EMDR remains and much is still unknown about the parameters of this
innovative approach to psychotherapy. This presentation will provide a
description of evidence based practice as a backdrop for examining the
current state of EMDR research with recommendations for areas of research
that are needed, methodological issues that should be considered, and the
role of practitioners in the generation of that knowledge. Findings from a
mix-methods study evaluating the effectiveness of EMDR with adult female
survivors of childhood sexual abuse will be used as an example to critique the
limitations of the gold standard approach to generating evidence based practice
and to illustrate the importance of methodological diversity in the pursuit of
knowledge about the practice of psychotherapy.
Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice Gold Standard Plenary
Accuracy Verified: Yes
121. Wesselmann, D. (1999, June). Generational problems in parenting: Intervening with attachment disordered adults. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Las Vegas, NV.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Participants will be able to 1) define parent-child attachment, identify the factors that insure a secure attachment, as well as the 1ife-long positive effects; 2) identify how an insecure chidhood attachment history can affect core beliefs into adulthood and get carried
over into the next generation of parenting; 3) help parents target the negative misperceptions that rule their emotional responses when they interact with their children and identify possible alternative positive cognitions before EMDR processing; and 4) use the egogram as a roadmap with attachment disordered adults, using EMDR to strengthen the competent adult and nurturing parent ego-states and separate the child ego-state from the parenting role.
Keywords: Egogram Parent-Child Attachment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
122. Connor, P. K. (2005). Guideline-based programs in the treatment of complex PTSD. Deakin University, Victoria, Australia.
Language: English
Format: Dissertation/Thesis
Abstract:
The term “post-traumatic stress disorder” (PTSD) is a relatively new diagnostic label, being formally recognized in 1980 in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual for Psychiatric Illness – Third Edition (DSM-III) of the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 1980). Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CP) is a more recently discussed, and newly-classified, phenomenon, initially discussed in the early 1990s (Herman, 1992a). Thus, as research into effective treatments for CP is sparse, the treatment of CP is the topic of this study, in which a guideline-based treatment program developed by the researcher for the treatment of CP is implemented and evaluated. Ten individuals participated in this study, undertaking individualized, guideline-based treatment programs spanning a period of six months. In providing background information relevant to this study, an explanation is provided regarding the nature of CP, and the reasons for its consideration as a separate phenomenon to PTSD. The adequacy of the PTSD formulation in enabling effective assessment and treatment of CP is also explored, with endorsement of previous researchers’ conclusions that the CP construct is more useful than the PTSD construct for assessing and treating survivors of long-term and multiple forms of abuse. The PTSD classification is restrictive, and not necessarily appropriate for certain forms of trauma (such as prolonged trauma, or multiple forms of trauma), as such trauma experiences may lead to specific effects that lay outside those formerly associated with PTSD. Such effects include alterations in affect regulation, consciousness, self-perception, interpersonal relationships, and in systems of meaning. Following discussion regarding the PTSD/CP classification, an examination of treatment methods currently used in the treatment of PTSD, and a review of treatment outcome studies, takes place. The adequacy of primary treatment methods in treating CP symptoms is then examined, with the conclusion that a range of treatment methods could potentially be useful in the treatment of CP symptoms. Individuals with a diagnosis of CP may benefit from the adoption of an eclectic approach, drawing on different treatment options for different symptoms, and constantly evaluating client progress and re-evaluating interventions. This review of treatment approaches is followed by details of an initial study undertaken to obtain feedback from individuals who had suffered long-term/multiple trauma and who had received treatment. Participants in this initial study were asked open-ended questions regarding the treatment approach they had experienced, the most useful aspect of the treatment, the least useful aspect, and other strategies/treatment approaches that may have been useful – but which were not used. The feedback obtained from these individuals was used to inform the development of treatment guidelines for use in the main study, as were recommendations made by Chu (1998). The predominant focus of the treatment guidelines was “ego strengthening”, a term coined by Chu (1998) to describe the “initial (sometimes lengthy) period of developing fundamental skills in maintaining supportive relationships, developing self-care strategies, coping with symptomatology, improving functioning, and establishing a positive self identity” (p.75). Using a case study approach, data are then presented relating to each of the ten individuals involved in the treatment program: details of his/her trauma experience(s)and the impact of the trauma (as perceived by each individual); details of each individual’s treatment program (as planned, and as implemented); post-treatment evaluation of the positive and negative aspects of the treatment program (from the therapist’s perspective); and details of the symptoms reported by the individual post-treatment, via psychometric assessment and also during interview. Analysis and discussion of the data relating to the ten participants in the study are the focal point of this study. The evaluation of the effectiveness of each individual’s treatment has been based predominantly on qualitative data, obtained from an analysis of language (discourse analysis) used by participants to describe their symptoms pre- and post-treatment. Both blatant and subtle changes in the language used by participants to describe themselves, their behaviour, and their relationships pre- and post-treatment have provided an insight into the possible changes that occurred as a result of the treatment program. The language used by participants has been a rich source of data, one that has enabled the researcher to obtain information that could not be obtained using psychometric assessment methods. Most of the participants in this study portrayed notable changes in many of the CP symptoms, including being more stable and having improved capacity to explore their early abuse. Although no direct cause-effect relationship between the participants’ treatment program and the improvements described can be established from this study, the participants’ perception that the program assisted them with their symptoms, and reported many aspects of “ego strengthening”, is of major importance. Such self-perception of strength and empowerment is important if an individual is going to be able to deal with past trauma experiences. In fact, abreactive work may have a greater chance of succeeding if those who have experienced long-term or multiple trauma are feeling more empowered, and more stable, as were the participants in this study (post-intervention). In concluding this study, recommendations have been made in regard to the use of guideline-based treatment programs in the responsible treatment of CP. Strengths and limitations of this study have also been highlighted, and recommendations have been made regarding possibilities for future research related to CP treatment. On the whole, this study has supported strongly other research that highlights the importance of focusing on “ego strengthening” in assisting those who have suffered long-term/multiple trauma experiences. Thus, a guideline-based program focusing on assisting sufferers of long-term trauma with some, or all, of the symptoms of CP, is recommended as an important first stage of any treatment of individuals who have experienced long-term/multiple trauma, allowing them to develop the emotional and psychological strength required to deal with past traumatic events. Clinicians who are treating patients whose history depicts long-term or multiple trauma experiences (either from their childhood, or at some stage in their adult life) need, therefore, to be mindful of assessing individuals for symptoms of CP – so that they can treat these symptoms prior to engaging in any work associated directly with the past traumatic experiences. [Author abstract]
D.H.Sc.(Psych.) thesis, School of Psychology.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
123. International Society for Study of Trauma and Dissociation. (2011, March). Guidelines for treating dissociative identity disorder in adults, third revision. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 12, 115–187. doi:10.1080/15299732.2011.537247.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The International Society for the Study of Dissociation (ISSD), the former
name of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation
(ISSTD), adopted the Guidelines for Treating Dissociative Identity Disorder
(Multiple Personality Disorder) in Adults in 1994. However, the Guidelines
must be responsive to developments in the field and require ongoing review.
The first revision of the Guidelines was proposed by the ISSD’s Standards
of Practice Committee1 and was adopted by the ISSD Executive Council
in 1997 after substantial comment from the ISSD membership. The second
revision of the Guidelines was requested and approved in 2005 based on the
expertise of a task force of expert clinicians and researchers.2 The current revision was undertaken by a new task force3 in 2009 and 2010 after input
from an open-ended survey of the membership.
The current revision of the Guidelines focuses specifically on the
treatment of dissociative identity disorder (DID) and those forms of dissociative
disorder not otherwise specified (DDNOS) that are similar to DID.
It is intended as a practical guide to the management of adult patients
and represents a synthesis of current scientific knowledge and informed
clinical practice. There is a separate Guidelines for the Evaluation and
Treatment of Dissociative Symptoms in Children and Adolescents (ISSD,
2004) available through the ISSTD and published in the Journal of Trauma
& Dissociation. The American Psychiatric Association (2004) has published
Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients with Acute Stress Disorder
(ASD) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which may be relevant to
the treatment of DID.
Keywords: Adults DID Dissociation Dissociative Identity Disorder Practice Guidelines Trauma Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
124. Adler-Tapia, R., & Settle, C. (2009). Healing the origins of trauma: An introduction to EMDR in psychotherapy with children and adolescents. In A. Rubin & D. W. Springer (Eds.) Treatment of traumatized adults and children - Clinician's guide to evidence-based practice series (pp. 349-418). New York, NY: Wiley.
Language: English
Format: Book Section
Abstract:
What if the brain had a similar mechanism for healing psychological injuries as the body does, just like a finger can heal a cut? Imagine tapping into that healing process in the brain and helping a child who witnessed her brother accidentally killed by a school bus, who then developed a school phobia, be able to return to school and eliminate her depression. What if you could help a foster child with a history of severe and chronic abuse, reduce his disruptive symptoms within a 9-month period so that he could stabilize and be adopted? Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) can be used in psychotherapy to help children heal from stressful experiences of both traumatic and developmental origins. And, while EMDR is not a magic wand, it is remarkable in its efficiency in reducing or eliminating significant mental health symptoms and healing the origins of trauma. This chapter is written for clinicians who have had little or no exposure to the EMDR treatment methodology or for those who may have wondered what it is and how it works. The goal of this chapter is to summarize the use of EMDR with children with case presentations woven through the steps of the EMDR protocol. As a potential paradigm shift for child and adolescent therapists who have been trained in child development and play therapy, this chapter will not only explain why EMDR with children and adolescents makes sense, but why EMDR is the treatment of choice for many children presenting with symptoms of trauma. The experienced child therapist will also learn how child development, play therapy, and other child-focused therapies can be integrated to overall case conceptualization with the eight phases of the EMDR protocol. Initially, this chapter provides a brief description of EMDR. While Chapter 5 covered EMDR with adult clients, this chapter will focus on translating the EMDR protocol into child language from a developmentally grounded perspective for use with child clients. Given that focus, this chapter will minimize coverage of generic EMDR content that was already covered in Chapter 5. However, some overlap is inescapable. For example, like Chapter 5, this chapter will address the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) theory that underlies the eight phases of the EMDR treatment protocol. This chapter also includes a brief theoretical overview of trauma and the impact on neurodevelopment as it guides psychotherapy. With a detailed explanation of the description, purpose, and concepts of each phase of the EMDR protocol, this chapter describes the clinical implications and procedural considerations for effectively using EMDR with children through each phase of the protocol. The chapter concludes with information for clinicians to learn how to get basic training in EMDR and advanced training in using EMDR with children. Integrated throughout this chapter are practical applications for successfully using EMDR in psychotherapy with children in order to heal the origins of trauma. With this introduction to EMDR, the reader should note that throughout this chapter, the terms client and child are often interchanged, and any reference to a child includes children and adolescents unless otherwise noted. Finally, the terms parent and caregiver refer to the child's primary caregiver. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Adolescents Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
125. Herbert, C. (2003, May). Healing the “inner child” – EMDR imagery rescripting techniques with complex trauma clients. In Attachment and complex trauma. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
EMDR-based imagery re-scripting techniques with a modified concept of Cognitive Schema Modes (Young, 1999). Based on clinical case examples, the use of imagery techniques, which draw on all sensory modalities (involving cognitive, emotional and somatic systems) during the auditory application of EMDR will be described, to help complex trauma clients firstly approach and recognize and subsequently attach to and nurture the image of their own “inner child”. Rather than establishing a sense of unrealistic dependency on the therapist by integrating him or her as the sole nurturer, clients are encouraged to develop an image of their own ‘healthy adult’, who can learn to take on the role of internal re-nurturing, protection and healing of the ‘inner child’. Techniques for overcoming blockages between a client’s ‘healthy adult’ and their ‘inner child’ representations are described. It is proposed that differentiating between ‘child’ and ‘adult’ modes and tuning into these through deep-level EMDR processing, allows clients to re-connect to feelings associated with their earlier experiences of helplessness and dependency during childhood, which can now be re-experienced within a safe and nurturing context. It is suggested that this will allow higher order brain systems, such as the hippocampus, to remain active and therefore enable cognitive and structural re-organization of the stored material in the brain and body cells. Once a positive attachment bond between a client’s internalised ‘inner child’ and ‘healthy adult’ modes has been achieved this can then be utilized further during direct trauma processing work. It is argued that healing of the ‘inner child’ enables healing of the adult client so that a more positive and secure sense of self can be achieved.
Keywords: Attachment Theory Complex PTSD Imagery Inner Child Rescripting Symposium
Accuracy Verified: Yes
126. Ray, K. (2000, September 30). Health in focus. London, England: The Times, Features.
Language: English
Format: Newspaper
Abstract:
I consider that I have never been rendered so emotionally well as I am now as a result of this EMDR therapy. The EMDR Association can be contacted on 020-8951 3420 or at www. emdr.practitioner.net. I would seriously recommend anyone who is struggling in adult life as a result of early childhood traumas to consider this as a very valuable and hopeful type of therapy.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
127. Shapiro, F. (2012, August 29). Helping you and your children make it through divorce. Huffington Post. Retrieved from on http://www.huffingtonpost.com/francine-shapiro-phd/helping-you-and-your-chil_2_b_1837948.html?utm_hp_ref=divorce-advice 9/5/2012..
Language: English
Format: Other
Abstract:
The need to regulate your own responses cannot be overstated. Your anger, depression or anxiety can cause lifelong problems for your children. Remember, just because negative reactions emerge does not make them true or useful. Self-help techniques can help you stay in control. You can find some in my book, Getting Past Your Past: Take Control of Your Life with Self-Help Techniques from EMDR Therapy. For instance, one adult client kept rehashing a fight. Another child client kept seeing his father angrily walk out the door for the last time. You can help yourself and your children get rid of distressing mental pictures by imagining it on top of paint in a can. Then, just stir it up. That disrupts "working memory" and makes it go away. You can also use other techniques to immediately change negative emotions or thoughts. This will empower both you and your children. It will also allow you to be present with your children and show enough happiness so they don't feel like they have to take care of you. No child deserves that burden. [Exceprt]
Accuracy Verified: Yes
128. Grey, E. (2009, August). Holistically stressed: A qualitative investigation of EMDR. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
To the researcher’s knowledge, there is no phenomenological knowledge of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) with a sub-clinical stressed population. The vast majority of EMDR research has focused on traumatized and clinical populations, leaving a significant gap in what the non-traumatized or sub-clinically stressed participants’ experience. Sub-clinical stress includes any level of stress that does not meet the DSM-IV-TR’s criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or acute stress disorder (ASD). Additionally, a gap in the literature exists in giving a voice to the participants’ experience of EMDR treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lived experiences of body sensations, emotions, beliefs, and imagery during EMDR treatment of participants with sub-clinical stress. Participants fit into either a young adult (18-35), adult (36-49), or older adult (50-60) maturity category and did not meet the criteria for PTSD or ASD. The sample consisted of 12 participants, from a large metropolitan area in the Northeastern United States. The participants chief complaints included economic stress, relationship stressor, and critical self-talk. The researcher employed a qualitative phenomenological design to gather data in order to answer the research question: what are the lived experiences of sub-clinically stressed participants’ body sensations, beliefs, emotions, and memory imagery during EMDR treatment? The data was collected using the EMDRIA approved research treatment protocol. The researcher included the floatback technique in every reprocessing session to complying with the tenet of the Adaptive Information Processing Model. After installing a safe-place and five reprocessing sessions, the researcher administered a final interview asking questions about what the participants’ experienced in their body, thoughts, emotions, and memory images. All reprocessing session were completed when the participant indicated a SUDs of ‘0’ and a VOC of ‘7’. The data collected during every reprocessing session and the final interviews were analyzed using constant comparative techniques and open coding; verified with member check techniques. The results identify five thematic holistic experiences common in all participants. The themes of responsibility, safety, choices, power, and value emerged from the data. The findings indicate a participants’ lived experience may expand the cognitive themes described in the Adaptive Information Processing Model. The themes of responsibility, safety, power, and value were targeted and reprocessed as disturbing memories. The participants experienced these themes as feeling overly responsible, unsafe, valueless, and/or powerless. The holistic manifestation of the themes of choices emerged as the outcome towards a more adaptive perspective of the disturbing targeted memories. The results of this study further indicate that it may be beneficial to address all four maladaptive themes in mind and body for effective sub-clinical stress resolution. The findings inform scholarly and clinical understanding of the Adaptive Information Processing Model concepts of responsibility, safety, and choices. The findings of this study preliminarily expand the previously unknown holistic manifestation of these themes in sub-clinical participants’ lived sensory experiences. These themes are now in need of additional research to verify and validate the findings of this study.
Keywords: Poster Sub-Clinical Stress
Accuracy Verified: Yes
129. Maxwell, J. P. (2003, October). The imprint of childhood physical and emotional abuse: A case study on the use of EMDR to address anxiety and lack of self-esteem. Journal of Family Violence, 18(5), 281-293. doi:10.1023/A:1025165227590.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article examines the use of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in helping a client address problems with persistent anxiety and a lack of self-esteem. During EMDR treatment, the client explored the dichotomous thinking that had plagued her since childhood, and correspondingly, the role of childhood physical and emotional abuse in her chronic feelings of inadequacy and anxiety. The client experienced significant improvement in her levels of anxiety and problems with self-esteem, both at the end of treatment and at 1-year follow up. Qualitative and quantitative data are utilized in this case study outlining the use of EMDR with a client diagnosed with dysthymic disorder.
Keywords: Adult Female Anxiety Child Abuse Childhood Physical Abuse Childhood Emotional Abuse Clinical Case Study Emotional Abuse Empirical Study Lack of Self-Esteem Patient History Self Esteem
Accuracy Verified: Yes
130. Leeds, A. (2007, June). Improving self-regulation and social functioning for survivors of early emotional neglect and abuse with positive affect tolerance and integration protocol: A case series. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France.
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract:
Survivors of early emotional neglect experience pervasive difficulties including vulnerability to adult psychiatric disorders and inability to regulate emotional states (Schore, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2001a, 2001b; Teicher, 2000, 2002; Teicher et al, 1993; Teicher et al., 1997). Their inability to regulate emotional states is not solely linked to effects of adverse events, but is significantly linked to insufficient exposure to normal, developmental attachment sequences that foster capacities for self-regulation.
A subset of adult survivors of early, pervasive, emotional neglect who meet full or partial criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder also present with comorbid Cluster C Axis II symptoms (Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive) and meet criteria for dismissing (or fearful) insecure attachment (Cassidy & Shaver, 1999; Main, 1996).
Clinical assessment reveals these patients have low tolerance for positive interpersonal emotions and engage in defensive strategies to dismiss, minimize, deny or subtly avoid experiencing and assimilating this positive emotional states into their internal model of self. These strategies include overt and covert behavioral avoidance as well as dissociate defenses. Paradoxically, these patients may show superficial characteristics or competence, interpersonal skills, or emotional stability which on closer examination prove to be fragile or which collapse in the face of social stressors.
The general theoretical base for the Positive Affect Tolerance and Integration (PAT) protocol is related to McCullough’s (1996, 2003) model of affect phobia and recognizes McCullough’s emphasis on an anxiety regulating, titrated approach to developing tolerance for adaptive affect and associated coping behaviors. Putnam’s (1997) discrete behavioral states model provides an important conceptual framework for understanding these patients’ needs to gradually develop new discrete behavioral (psychophysiological and affective) states and new pathways (schemes and scripts) fostering access to these shared positive states often as a crucial early phase of treatment to help resolve their impairments in emotional self-regulation.
This presentation describes the use of standard EMDR procedural steps in a treatment plan that postpones the standard three pronged (past, present, future) PTSD protocol, but which is consistent with the consensus model for Complex PTSD (Brown, Scheflin & Hammond, 1998; Chu, 1998; Courtois, 1999; Hart, Nijenhuis, Steele, 2006) and other EMDR approaches focused initially on improving response to current stimuli (Hoffman, 2004; Leeds & Korn, 1998; Leeds & Shapiro, 2000) before attempting to target childhood traumatic memories. Targets for PAT are recent experiences in which the patient was exposed to positive, shared, interpersonal emotional states. The purposes for applying PAT to these targets are: to decrease defensive avoidance; dissociation and anxiety about shared positive emotional states; to increase capacity to tolerate and enjoy these shared positive emotional states; and to integrate these shared positive emotional states into positive schemas and self-concepts. Observed clinical gains following PAT included: improved mood and resilience, and decreased depersonalization during subsequent use of EMDR to reprocess traumatic memories.
The goal in presenting this “Positive Affect Tolerance and Integration Protocol” case series is to encourage research to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of this application of the standard EMDR procedures for a clinical subpopulation generally considered challenging to treat.
Keywords: Affect Tolerance Poster Self-Regulation Social Functioning
Accuracy Verified: Yes
131. Forgash, C. (2006, November). Integrating EMDR and ego state treatment: Addressing dissociation and PTSD in adult sexual abuse survivors and their negative impact on physical health. Presentation at the International Society for the Study of Dissociation Fall Conference, Los Angeles, CA .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Keywords: Dissociation Ego State Therapy Physical Health Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Sexual Abuse Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
132. Munnukka-Dahlqvist, M. (2004, June). Integrating EMDR in psychotherapy treating complex trauma in a client with previous long-term psychotherapies. In complex traumatisation and EMDR (K. Linder, Chair). Symposium conducted at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden .
Language: English
Format: Conference
Abstract: Keywords: Complex Trauma Symposium Accuracy Verified: Yes 133. O'Malley, O. (2010, March). Integrating EMDR mindfulness & sensorimotic psychotherapy. Presentation at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Watch Wait and Wonder Approach WWW Approach Accuracy Verified: Yes 134. Ringel, S. (2012). An integrative model in trauma treatment - utilizing eye movement desensitization and reprocessing and a relational approach with adult survivors of sexual abuse. Psychoanalytic Psychology. doi:10.1037/a0030044. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adults Relational Approach Sexual Abuse Survivors Accuracy Verified: Yes 135. Hain, B., Micka, R., Wiegand, C., Hofmann, A., & Seidler, G. H. (2004, September). Integrierte traumaassoziierte kurzzeittherapie für akuttraumatisierte (INTAKT)1 - Ergebnisse einer pilot-studie zur wirksamkeit von ressourcenorientierter behandlung in der gruppe und EMDR [Integrated trauma associated short-term psychotherapy for acute traumatized patients (INTAKT ) - Results from a study including a small population (n=16) about the effectiveness of ressource-oriented treatment in groups in combination with EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing)]. Gruppenpsychotherapie und Gruppendynamik, 40(3), 277-296 . Language: German Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adult Behavior Therapy Controlled Study Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Female Human Imagination Male Psychotherapy Psychotrauma Treatment Outcome Accuracy Verified: Yes 136. Hembree, E., & Foa, E. (2003, April). Interventions for trauma-related emotional disturbances in adult victims of crime. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16(2), 187-199. doi:10.1023/A:1022803408114. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adults Crime Literature Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 137. Steele, A. (2001). Introduction to imaginal nurturing with EMDR in the treatment of adult clients with insecure attachment. Presentation at the EMDR Association of Canada Conference in Vancouver, B.C.. Language: English Format: Conference Keywords: Adult Attachment Imaginal Nurturing Accuracy Verified: Yes 138. Lovett, J. M. (2000). Kleine wunder [Small wonders]. Paderborn: Junfermann. Language: German Format: Book Abstract: Keywords: Children Stressors Survivors Accuracy Verified: Yes 139. Murray, K. (2013). L'EMDR avec le chagrin: Réflexions sur l'étude de 2001 de Ginny Sprang [EMDR with grief: Reflections on Ginny Sprang’s 2001 study]. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(2), 24E-28E. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.2.E24. Language: French Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Bridging Research Grief Mourning Practice Accuracy Verified: Yes 140. Yoeli, F. R. (2002, May/June). Life in the shadow of anxiety; The mask of OCD:
and EMDR. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Frankfurt, Germany. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD Accuracy Verified: Yes 141. Cohen, A. (2012, May). A long-term grief counseling group for adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Saint Mary’s College of California, Moraga, CA. 1514521. Language: English Format: Dissertation/Thesis Abstract: Keywords: Adult Survivors Childhood Sexual Abuse Person-Centered Group Counseling Accuracy Verified: Yes 142. Gamba, M. (2005). L’integrazione dell'EMDR nella
psicoterapia dei disturbi del
comportamento alimentare [EMDR integration into the psychotherapy of eating disorders]. Universita Degli Studi Padova, Italia. Language: Italian Format: Dissertation/Thesis Abstract: Keywords: Eating Disorders Accuracy Verified: Yes 143. Gallagher, C. (2002). Making sense of EMDR: Efficacy of EMDR and the application of Horowitz's control process theory to a psychological analysis of EMDR psychotherapy. Widener University, Institute for Graduate Clinical Psychology, Chester, PA. AAT 3132374. Language: English Format: Dissertation/Thesis Abstract: Keywords: Clinical Case Study Empirical Study Horowitz's Control Process Theory Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 144. Yordy, J. (2013, May). Making the brain/body connection: Using brain gym techniques to enhance child EMDR processing. Presentation at the annual EMDR Canada Conference, Banff, Alberta CAN. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Accuracy Verified: Yes 145. Egli-Bernd, H. (2009, October). MDR bei dissoziativen prozessen im rahmen von persönlichkeitsstörungen ; Zur Bedeutung der kognitionen im EMDR-prozess, Das „Dialog-Protokoll“ [EMDR in dissociative processes within the framework of Personality Disorders; On the importance of cognitions in EMDR process, The "dialogue protocol"]
. EMDR Deutschland e.V. Rundbrief, 19, 20-34. Language: German Format: Newsletter Abstract: Keywords: Cognitions Dialogue Protcol Dissociation Personality Disorders Accuracy Verified: Yes 146. Schmidt, S. J. (2001, December). Meeting needs with a resource sandwich. EMDRIA Newsletter, 6(Special Edition), 28-31. Language: English Format: Newsletter Abstract: Keywords: Resource-Focused EMDR Accuracy Verified: Yes 147. Mosquera, D. (2012, March). Met behulp van EMDR bij de behandeling van borderline-stoornis bersonality [Using EMDR in the management of borderline personality disorder]. Preconference presentatie op de 6e congres van de Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Arnhem, Nederland . Language: Dutch Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Borderline Personality Disorder Accuracy Verified: Yes 148. Kehle, S., Polusny, M., & Meis, L. (2009, November). A meta-analytic review of exposure
therapy and EMDR in the treatment of
adult PTSD. Presentation at the 25th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Atlanta, GA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Exposure Therapy Meta-analysis Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 149. Kehle, S., Polusny, M., & Meis, L. (2009, November). A meta-analytic review of exposure therapy and EMDR in the treatment of adult PTSD. Presentation at the 25th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Atlanta, GA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Adult Exposure Therapy Meta-Analytic Review Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 150. Darker-Smith, S. (2007, June). Mindfulness meditation to enable attenuation on imagined exposure in PTSD - A single case study. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Paris, France. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Attenuation Case Study Imagined Exposure Mindfulness Poster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 151. Hauschild, S., & Vecchio, J. (2002, June). Modification of the RDI protocol for inpatient use. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, San Diego, CA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Inpatient RDI Resource Development & Installation Accuracy Verified: Yes 152. Andonucci, H. (2004). The modifications of the EMDR protocol for sexually abused children. Alliant International University, San Francisco Bay. AAT 3133439. Language: English Format: Dissertation/Thesis Abstract: Keywords: Child Abuse Empirical Study Psychotherapeutic Processes Qualitative Study Rape School Age Children Survivors Accuracy Verified: Yes 153. de Bont, P. A., van den Berg, D. P., van der Vleugel, B. M., de Roos, C., Mulder, C. L., Becker, E. S., de Jongh, A., van der Gaag, M., & van Minnen, A. (2013, May). A multi-site single blind clinical study to compare the effects of prolonged exposure, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing and waiting list on patients with a current diagnosis of psychosis and co morbid post traumatic stress disorder: Study protocol for the randomized controlled trial treating trauma in psychosis. Trials, 14(5), 151. doi:10.1186/1745-6215-14-151. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Multi-Site Study Prolonged Exposure Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Psychosis Randomized Control Trial RCT Accuracy Verified: Yes 154. Forgash, C. (2007, September). The negative impact of complex PTSD on health:
an EMDR/ego state treatment plan. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Ego State Therapy Integrated Treatment Phased Treatment Plan Accuracy Verified: Yes 155. Forgash, C. (2008, June). The negative impact of complex PTSD on health: An EMDR/ego state treatment plan. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, London, England. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Ego State Therapy Accuracy Verified: Yes 156. Uram, S. (2008, June). The neurobiology of adult and childhod trauma made simple: What every EMDR clinician should know. Presentation at the annual mmeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Neurobiology Accuracy Verified: Yes 157. Uram, S. (2008, September). The neurobiology of adult and childhood trauma made simple. Presentation at the annual mmeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Neurobiology Trauma Accuracy Verified: Yes 158. Uram, S. (2012, October). The neurobiology of trauma made simple. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Neurobiology Trauma Accuracy Verified: Yes 159. Krause, R., Sachsse, S., & Spang, J. (2008, April). Nonverbal behavior in traumatized patient: Comparison between childhood onset versus acutely adult onset trauma. Presentation at the European Society for Trauma and Dissociation First Bi-Annual Conference, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Nonverbal Behavior Accuracy Verified: Yes 160. Yoeli, F. R., & Prattos-Spongalides, T-A. (2004, June). OCD: Anxiety, rituals, co-morbidity or altered state? Treatment outcomes with EMDR. In anxiety disorders and EMDR (A. de Jongh, Chair). Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of th EMDR Europe Association, Stockholm, Sweden . Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Altered States Anxiety Disorders Co-morbidity Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD Rituals Symposium Treatment Outcomes Accuracy Verified: Yes 161. Holm, O. (2012, October). On the path of shame affect: Its management in traumatized and dissociative patients with the compass of shame and EMDR special interventions and/or IFS ego states. Presentation at the 29th annual meeting of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Long Beach, CA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Compass of Shame Dissociation IFS Ego States Shame Affect Accuracy Verified: Yes 162. Zlomke, K., & Davis III, T. E. (2008, September). One-session treatment of specific phobias: A detailed description and review of treatment efficacy. Behavior Therapy, 39(3), 207–223. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2007.07.003. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Phobias Accuracy Verified: Yes 163. Hogberg, G. (2004, June). Perinatal and preverbal experience processing in an eclectic approach including EMDR. Presentation at the EMDR Europe Association annual meeting, Stockholm, Sweden . Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Prenatal Preverbal Psychodynamism Accuracy Verified: Yes 164. Mosquera, D., & Gonzalez, A. (2011, June). Personality disorders and EMDR [Persönlichkeitsstörungen und EMDR]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Personality Disorders Accuracy Verified: Yes 165. Wesselmann, D. (2003, May). Plenary. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Attachment theory has identified adults with a secure attachment style as more resilient to stress and trauma than insecurely attached adults. The secure adult tends to have supportive relationships which buffer him from stress (Bowlby, 1988), and he is able to reflect upon his inner state and process emotions without becoming overwhelmed (Fonagy, 2000; van der Kolk 1996).
In infancy secure attachment is related to the capacity to be soothed and comforted by the caregiver. The caregivers of secure infants are observed to be emotionally attuned, responsive and nurturing (Solomon & George, 1999). Schore (1996) explains that mothers of secure babies synchronize with the infant. The mother's organized brain synchronizes or harmonizes with the baby's disorganized brain, attuning to its feelings and needs, helping it calm when distressed and stay regulated when it is happy and excited. As a result, the infant's brain develops optimal circuitry for emotion regulation, and also learns through experience to trust and be comforted and to comfort himself. His basic sense of safety and trust gives him confidence as he begins leaving his parent's side and exploring the world. Keywords: Plenary Accuracy Verified: Yes 166. Spinazzola, J., Blaustein, M., & van der Kolk, B. A. (2005, October). Posttraumatic stress disorder treatment outcome research: The study of unrepresentative samples?. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(5),425–436. doi:10.1002/jts.20050. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 167. Rothbaum, B. (2008, November). Predictors of treatment response for EMDR and prolonged exposure. Symposium/panel conducted at the 24th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chicago, IL. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Panel Prolonged Exposure Symposium Treatment Response Predictors Accuracy Verified: Yes 168. Korn, D., & Leeds, A. (2002, December). Preliminary evidence of efficacy for EMDR resource development and installation in the stabilization phase of treatment of complex posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(12), 1465-1487. doi:10.1002/jclp.10099. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adults Child Abuse Clinical Case Study Complex Empirical Study Females Neglect Postt traumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Review Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 169. Lahad, M., Farhi, M., Leykin, D., & Naplansky, N. (2010, November). Preliminary study of a new integrative approach in treating post-traumatic stress disorder: SEE FAR CBT. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 37(5), 391-399. doi:10.1016/j.aip.2010.07.003. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Anxiety Comparative Studies Cognitive Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD SEE FAR CBT Symptoms Accuracy Verified: Yes 170. Hopchet, M., & Detournay, F. (2012, June). Preliminary study on the effects of simultaneous application of two types of
stimulations (eye movements and tactile stimuli) on psychophysiological autoreported
symptoms in the treatment of negative autobiographical memories [Estudios
preliminares
sobre
los
efectos
de
la
aplicación
simultanea
de
dos
tipos
de
estimulación
(movimientos
oculares
y
táctiles)
en
sintomatología
psicofisiológica
autoinformada
en
el
tratamiento
de
recuerdos
autobiográficos
negativos]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Autobiographical Memories Bilateral Stimulation Eye Movements Tactile Stimulation Accuracy Verified: Yes 171. Paunovic, N. (2002, April). Prolonged exposure counterconditioning (PEC) as a treatment for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder and major depression in an adult survivor of repeated child sexual and physical abuse. Clinical Case Studies, 1(2), 148-169. doi:10.1177/1534650102001002004. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Imaginal Reliving PEC Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prolonged Exposure Counterconditioning PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 172. Rothbaum, B. O., Astin, M. C., & Marsteller, F. (2005, December). Prolonged exposure versus eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for PTSD rape victims. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(6), 607-616. doi:10.1002/jts.20069. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adults Anger Canadians Cognitive Processing Therapy CPT Empirical Study Exposure Exposure Therapy Guilt Longitudinal Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Quantitative Study Relaxation Therapy Stress Inoculation Training Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 173. Rothbaum, B., & Astin, M. C. (2001, December). Prolonged exposure vs. EMDR for PTSD rape victims. Symposium conducted (B. O. Rothbaum, Chair and T. Keane, Discussant) at the 17th annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, New Orleans, LA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Prolonged Exposure Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Symposium Accuracy Verified: Yes 174. Feeny, N., Moser, J., Astin, M., Stines, L., & Eftekhari, A. (2006, November). Prolonged exposure vs. EMDR for PTSD rape victims: Trauma related cognitions. In N. Feeny (Chair), Trauma-related cognitions among assault survivors with PTSD symptoms. Symposium conducted at the 22nd annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies Fall Conference, Hollywood, CA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Cognitions Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prolonged Exposure PTSD Rape Symposium Accuracy Verified: Yes 175. Gabarra, D. O. (2012, Novembro). A proposição teórica e eficácia do EMDR no tratamento da dor crônica [The theoretical proposition and efficacy of EMDR in the treatment of chronic pain]. In EMDR e dor crônica. Apresentação no II Congresso Brasileiro de EMDR, Brasília, Brasil. Language: Portuguese Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Chronic Pain Effectiveness of Treatment Theoretical Hypothesis Accuracy Verified: Yes 176. Steele, A. (2008, September). Providing an attachment context for adult EMDR trauma work. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Phoenix, AZ. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Attachment Accuracy Verified: Yes 177. MacLean, C. A. (2002, July). Psycho-spiritual dimensions of healing prenatal and perinatal trauma with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in adults. Presentation at the Third World Congress for Psychotherapy, Vienna, Austria. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Birth Trauma Perinatal Period Transpersonal Psychology Accuracy Verified: Yes 178. Adler-Nevo, G., & Manassis, K. (2005, September). Psychosocial treatment of pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder: The neglected field of single-incident trauma. Depression and Anxiety, 22(4), 177-189. doi:10.1002/da.20123. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adolescents Case Studies Cognitive Therapy Literature Review Pediatric Play Therapy Psychotherapy Review School Age Children PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 179. van der Kolk, B. A., Spinazzola, J., Blaustein, M. E., Hopper, J. W., Hopper, E. K., Korn, D. L., & Simpson, W. B. (2007, January). A randomized clinical trial of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Treatment effects and long-term maintenance. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 68(1), 37-46. doi:10.4088/JCP.v68n0105. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adults Depressive Disorders Empirical Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Quantitative Study Random Clinical Trial RCT Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 180. Madrid, A., Skolek, S., & Shapiro, F. (2007). Repairing maternal-infant bonding failures. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 131-145). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc. Language: English Format: Book Section Abstract: Keywords: Asthma Attachment Attachment Behavior Attachment Disorders Bonding Problems Bonding Failure Maternal-Infant Bonding Mother-Infant Bonding Mother Child Relations Mothers Accuracy Verified: Yes 181. Broad, R. D., & Wheeler, K. (2006, September). Resolution of adult ADHD and depression with EMDR: A case study of the treatment of a childhood medical trauma. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Philadelphia, PA. Language: English Format: Conference Keywords: ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Childhood Medical Trauma Depression Poster Accuracy Verified: Yes 182. Schmidt, S. J. (1999, March). Resource-focused EMDR: Integration of ego state therapy, alternating bilateral stimulation, and art therapy. EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(1), 8, 10-13, 25-28. Language: English Format: Newsletter Abstract: Keywords: Art Therapy Bilateral Stimulation BLS Ego State Therapy Resource-Focused EMDR Accuracy Verified: Yes 183. Steele, A. (2001). The right side: Therapy from the right side of the brain: A role for EMDR with imaginal nurturing in the treatment of early neglect. Unpublished. Language: English Format: Other Abstract: T Keywords: Imaginal Nurturing Neglect Accuracy Verified: Yes 184. Devilly, G. J. (2011, July). The role of imagery rehearsal with and without eye movements in the creation of false memories. Psychology, Crime and Law, 17(6), 529-543. doi:10.1080/10683160903397524. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Absorption CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Dissociation Exposure False Memory Imagery Rehearsal Accuracy Verified: Yes 185. Direzkia, Y., & Syahriati, E. (2010, July). Safe place: An ambilvance?. Presentation at the 1st EMDR Asia Conference, Bali, Indonesia. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Safe Place Accuracy Verified: Yes 186. Becker, L., Edmond, T., Rubin, A. & Baldwin, W. (1996, June). Scientific investigations into EMDR (Part II) – Evaluating the effectiveness of EMDR in reducing trauma symptoms in adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO. Language: English Format: Conference Keywords: Sexual Abuse Accuracy Verified: Yes 187. Edmond, T., Sloan, L., & McCarty, D. (2004, July). Sexual abuse survivors’ perceptions of the effectiveness of EMDR and eclectic therapy. Research on Social Work Practice, 14(4), 259-272. doi:10.1177/1049731504265830. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adults Americans Child Abuse Depressive Disorders Empirical Study Females Individual Psychotherapy Mixed Methods Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Quantitative Study Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Accuracy Verified: Yes 188. Leitch, M. L. (2007, September). Somatic experiencing treatment with tsunami survivors in Thailand: Broadening the scope of early intervention. Traumatology, 13(3), 11-20. doi:10.1177/1534765607305439. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Cross-Cultural Research Brief Treatment Disaster Integrative Treatment Mind–Body Psychotherapy Somatic Experiencing Trauma First Aide Tsunami Accuracy Verified: Yes 189. Neuner, F. (2008, Juli). Stabilisierung vor konfrontation in der traumatherapie -- Grundregel oder mythos? [Stabilization before confrontation in trauma treatment -- Elementary rule or myth?]. Verhaltenstherapie, 18(2), 109-118. doi:10.1159/000134006. Language: German Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Confrontation Exposure Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stabilization Trauma Accuracy Verified: Yes 190. Kitchur, M. (2000, December). The strategic developmental model for EMDR: A sequential treatment strategy for diverse populations, facilitative of developmental recapitulation, with implications for neurobiological maturation. EMDRIA Newsletter, 5(Special Edition), 4-10. Language: English Format: Newsletter Abstract: Keywords: Strategic Developmental Model Accuracy Verified: Yes 191. Shapiro, F. (1992, December). Stray thoughts: Frozen childhood, Bio-electrical valence. EMDR Network Newsletter, 2(2), 1-2. Language: English Format: Newsletter Abstract: Keywords: Bio-electrical Valence Children Trauma Accuracy Verified: Yes 192. Knipe, J. (1999, June). Strengthening affect tolerance and adult perspective through construction of imagined dissociative avoidance. EMDRIA Newsletter, 4(2), 10, 25. Language: English Format: Newsletter Abstract: Keywords: Affect Tolerance Dissociative Avoidance Accuracy Verified: Yes 193. Leeds, A. M. (2000). Strengthening the self: Principles and procedures for creating successful treatment outcomes for adult survivors of neglect and abuse. Andrew M. Leeds, Ph.D., Santa Rosa, CA. Language: English Format: Other Keywords: Abuse Adult Neglect Survivors Accuracy Verified: Yes 194. Tofani, L. R. (2003, May). Systemic family therapy and EMDR: Theoretical and practical considerations for their intergration. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Rome, Italy. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Symposium Systemic Family Therapy Accuracy Verified: Yes 195. Tinker, R. H., & Wilson, S. A. (1999). Through the eyes of a child: EMDR with children. New York W. W. Norton. Language: English Format: Book Abstract: Keywords: Children Mental Disorders Phobias Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors Therapeutic Processes Accuracy Verified: Yes 196. Aduriz, M. E. (2007, Novembro). Trabajando creativamente con EMDR en
niños y familia [Working creatively with EMDR children and family]. Presentación en el Primer Congreso Iberoamericano de EMDR, Brasilia, Brasil. Language: Spanish Format: Conference Abstract: Accuracy Verified: Yes 197. Marr, J. (2013). Traitement EMDR du trouble obsessionnel compulsif: Etude préliminaire [EMDR treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: Preliminary research]. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(2), 29E-43E. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.2.E29. Language: French Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adapted EMDR Phobia Protocol Adapted EMDR Phobia Protocol with Video Playback OCD Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Treatment Outcome Research Accuracy Verified: No 198. MacLean, C. A. (2003). Transpersonal dimensions in healing pre/perinatal trauma with EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing). Journal of Prenatal & Perinatal Psychology & Health, 18(1), 39-70 . Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Birth Emotional Trauma Fetus In Utero Development Memory Perinatal Pre-existence Prenatal & Perinatal Trauma Prenatal Development Prenatal Memory Reincarnation Role of Birth Transpersonal Experiences Transpersonal Psychology Unborn Child Accuracy Verified: Yes 199. MacLean, C. A. (2003, Spring). Transpersonal dimensions in healing trauma of the unborn child. Journal of Prenatal & Perinatal Psychology & Health, 17(3), 203-223. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Clinical Case Study Empirical Study Fetus Transpersonal Accuracy Verified: Yes 200. Robredo, J. (2011, Julio). Tratamiento con EMDR en menores victimas de abuso [EMDR treatment with children victims of abuse]. En Aplicación de EMDR en el tratamiento de distintos trastornos (Francisca García Guerrero, Coordinadora). Simposio realizado en el IX Congreso Nacional de Psicología Clínica, San Sebastián, España
. Language: Spanish Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Abuse Children Symposium Accuracy Verified: Yes 201. Sanfiz, J.
(2010). Tratamiento de un caso de origen traumatico de fobia a la sangre con EMDR en una sola sesion [Treatment of a case of traumatic origin of blood phobia in one EMDR session]. Revista de psicoterapia, 20(80). Terapias Psiconeurologicas del Trauma). Language: Spanish Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Anxiety Blood Phobia, Panic Attacks Accuracy Verified: Yes 202. Mevissen, L., & Lievegoed, R. (2010, June). Trauma and institutionalization -
EMDR: A tool to cure, relieve or prevent. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Hamburg, Germany. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Institutionalization Accuracy Verified: Yes 203. Bumke, P. (2011, June). Trauma centered psychotherapy and EMDR in a humanitarian mass disaster: Evaluating the ACEH experience. Keynote presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Vienna, Austria. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: ACEH Disasters Keynote Plenary Accuracy Verified: Yes 204. Molero, M. (2012, June). Trauma prenatal y del nacimiento en relación a un trastorno fóbico. Casos clínicos resueltos con EMDR [Prenatal and birth trauma in relation to a phobic disorder. Clinical cases resolved with EMDR]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Madrid, Spain. Language: Spanish Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Prenatal Trauma Accuracy Verified: Yes 205. Wesselmann, D. (2001, June). Treating core attachment issues in adults and children. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Austin, TX. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Attachment Ego State Therapy Accuracy Verified: Yes 206. Wesselmann, D. (2000, September). Treating core attachment issues in adults and children. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Toronto, Ontario Canada. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Attachment Ego State Therapy Accuracy Verified: Yes 207. Settle, C., & Bolte, C. S. (2012, October). Treating dissociation, ritual abuse and mind control from an attachment perspective. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Arlington, VA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Attachment Dissociation Mind Control Ritual Abuse Accuracy Verified: Yes 208. van den Berg, D. P. G., & van der Gaag, M. (2012, June). Treating trauma in psychosis with EMDR: A pilot study. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43(1), 664-671. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.09.011. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Auditory Delusions Pilot Posttraumatic Stress PTSD Psychosis Psychotic Disorder Self-Esteem Treatment Verbal Hallucination Accuracy Verified: Yes 209. Burik, J. (1996). Treatment of depression with components of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and EMDR-like techniques: A case study. HealthyPlace.com. Language: English Format: Other Abstract: Keywords: Depression Accuracy Verified: Yes 210. Matthieu, M., & Ivanoff, A. (2006). Treatment of human-caused trauma: Attrition in the adult outcomes research. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 12(21), 1654-1664. doi:10.1177/0886260506294243. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Attrition Dropout Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Outcome Accuracy Verified: Yes 211. Russo, S. A., Hersen, M., & van Hasselt, V. B. (2001, January). Treatment of reactivated post-traumatic stress disorder: Imaginal exposure in an older adult with multiple traumas. Behavior Modification, 25(1), 94-115. doi:10.1177/0145445501251006. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adults Imaginal Exposure Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma Accuracy Verified: Yes 212. Nijdam, M., Pol, M. V. D., Dekens, R., Olff, M., & Denys, D. (2013). Treatment of sexual trauma dissolves contamination fear. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 3(0). doi:10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.19157. Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Combined Treatment Comorbidity Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD Pharmacological Treatment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD Accuracy Verified: Yes 213. van der Kolk, B. A. (2004, September). Treatment outcome research in EMDR. Plenary presented at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Montréal, Quebec Canada. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Outcome Research Plenary Accuracy Verified: Yes 214. Adler-Tapia, R. & Brown, S. (2011, January). Two studies on the efficacy of integrating EMDR: a) EMDR with children treated in a CAC; and, b) EMDR and seeking safety for adults evidencing co-morbidity in the drug courts. Presentation at the 25th Annual Rady Chadwick San Diego Child and Family Maltreatment, San Diego, CA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: This presentation will focus on research on EMDR with child victims of crime and on using EMDR for the treatment of comorbid PTSD/SUDS in an adult court ITTP (Integrated Trauma Treatment Program). (Author Abstract) Keywords: Adults Children Drug Court Accuracy Verified: Yes 215. Uram, S. (2007, September). Understanding Your Adult EMDR Clients from a Developmental perspective: How childhood brain development correlates with coping skills and vulnerabilities to trauma. Presentation at the annual mmeting of the EMDR International Association, Dallas, TX. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Brain Development Accuracy Verified: Yes 216. Werk, K. & Rueth, T. W. (1996, June). Use of EMDR to enhance learning with adults who have learning disabilities: Effects of EMDR with adult literacy students. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Denver, CO. Language: English Format: Conference Keywords: Learning Disabilities Accuracy Verified: Yes 217. Parnell, L. (1995, June). The use of imaginal and cognitive interweaves with sexual abuse survivors. Presentation at the EMDR Network Conference, Santa Monica, CA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Cognitive Interweave Imaginal Interweave Sexual Abuse Survivors Accuracy Verified: Yes 218. Shellenberger, S. (2007). Use of the genogram with families for assessment and treatment. In F. Shaprio, F. W. Kaslow, & L. Maxfield (Eds.), Handbook of EMDR and family therapy processes (pp. 76-94). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc. Language: English Format: Book Section Abstract: Keywords: Couple Assessment Family Family Assessment Family Systems Theory Family Therapy Genogram Psychotherapeutic Techniques Therapeutic Options Accuracy Verified: Yes 219. Leeds, A. M. (1999, May). Using EMDR in complex PTSD and adult attachment disorders. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD RDI Resource Development and Installation Symposium Accuracy Verified: Yes 220. Gelinas, D. (2009, August). Using EMDR to treat complex PTSD and dissociation. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Association, Atlanta, GA. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Dissociation Accuracy Verified: Yes 221. Greenwald, R. (1994). Using EMDR with children: “Cleaning up” afterwards. EMDR Network Newsletter, 4(3), 8. Language: English Format: Newsletter Abstract: Keywords: Children Accuracy Verified: Yes 222. Reubens, P. (2011, November). Using FOT in the treatment of childhood trauma. Presentation at the 2nd World Conference on Focusing Oriented Psychotherapies, Stony Point, New York
. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Focusing-Oriented Therapy FOT Accuracy Verified: Yes 223. Wesselmann, D. (2000, December). The utilization of EMDR and ego state therapy with two severely depressed, dissociative clients. EMDRIA Newsletter, 5 (Special Edition), 19-24. Language: English Format: Newsletter Abstract: Keywords: Dissociation Ego State Therapy Accuracy Verified: Yes 224. Cox, R. P., & Howard, M. D. (2007, January). Utilization of EMDR in the treatment of sexual addiction: A case study. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 14(1), 1-20. doi:10.1080/10720160601011299 . Language: English Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Addiction Disorders Adult Clinical Case Study Sex Therapy Sexual Addiction Accuracy Verified: Yes 225. Torun, F. (2010, Spring). Vajinismusun EMDR yöntemi ile tedavisi: İki olgu sunumu [Treatment of vaginismus with EMDR: A report of two cases]. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 23(3), 243-248. Language: Turkish Format: Journal Abstract: Keywords: Adult Desensitization, Female Humans Psychologic Sexual Behavior Vaginismus Wounds and Injuries Accuracy Verified: Yes 226. O'Malley, A. (2010, March). The watch wait and wonder. Presentation at the 8th EMDR Association UK & Ireland Annual Conference & AGM, Dublin, Ireland
. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Accuracy Verified: Yes 227. Hurley, E. C. (2012, January 27). When veterans come home. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/e-c-hurley-phd/ptsd-veterans_b_1228541.html on 1/27/2012. Language: English Format: Other Abstract: Keywords: Blog Postraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Veterans War Accuracy Verified: Yes 228. Nutting, R. W. (1996, June). Working with couples: The use of EMDR in relationship counseling. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR International Assocation, Denver, CO. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Couples Therapy Accuracy Verified: Yes 229. Coppens, L., & and van Kregten, C. (2013, April). Zorgen voor getraumatiseerde kinderen: Een training voor opvoeders [Caring for traumatized children: A training for educators]. Presentatie op Het congres EMDR Vereniging EMDR Nederland, Nijmegen, Nederland. Language: Dutch Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Children Trauma Training Accuracy Verified: Yes 230. Kirsch, A., Krause, R., Spang, J., & Sachsse, U. (2008, August). [Childhood-onset versus acute, adult-onset traumatized patients in the light of amnestic
tendencies and derealisation]. Zeitschrift für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, 54(3), 277-284.. Language: German Format: Magazine Abstract: Keywords: Adult-Onset Trauma Childhood-Onset Trauma Children Derealization Facial Affective Behavior Accuracy Verified: Yes 231. Turner, S. (2008, June). “A human rights framework in trauma work". Keynote presented at the annual mmeting of the EMDR Europe Association, London, England. Language: English Format: Conference Abstract: Keywords: Keynote Accuracy Verified: Yes 232. Besser, L. (2005, June). The “Sarajevo-EMDR-protokoll” [The "Sarajevo EMDR protocol"]. Presentation at the annual meeting of the EMDR Europe Association, Brussels, Belgium. Language: Dutch Format: Conference Abstract: Accuracy Verified: Yes
The goal of this paper is to examine one therapy process in order to explore what resources EMDR treatment can provide to complex traumatized clients with previous long-term therapies. How important is the role of mind/body connection? How could it be best observed and taken into consideration when deciding on therapeutic choices during difference phases in psychotherapy? This case raises also the following questions: When it is best to use EMDR? How do the therapist and client know when the client is ready for EMDR? How can clients learn to feel, become aware of their own bodies, observe their body sensations and label these observations? What is the importance of these skills before using EMDR? How do EMDR protocols work in this context?
Case: This client had been severely traumatized in childhood and also in adult life. She came to EMDR treatment with own question: “Have I ever been able to feel anything?” She had been in different psychotherapies, but her body was not ready for EMDR and she could not regulate emotions. She had good ego strength. This presentation shows how the therapy process progressed and it includes a therorectical discussion.
It is possible to integrate different kinds of therapies. Previous “traditional talking therapies” can give to the client the necessary ego strength, boundaries and make it easier to build a therapeutic relationship. Since trauma-related syndromes split the mind and body, it is necessary to address what occurs in the body, just as it is equally necessary to use words to make sense of and describe an experience. E
The watch wait and wonder (www) approach to parental
and infant mental health was developed in Toronto over the last 20 years. In the last few
years a number of therapists have set up www clinics in the UK. We have been running a
joint EMDR and www clinic in the North West since Jan 2007. As far as we know this is the
only clinic to offer trauma focussed psychotherapy together with infant mental health in
either the UK or Ireland.
Over the last 12 months the service has developed as a combined clinic between Adult
mental health and child & adolescent mental health services. The team comprises myself
and my colleagues Dr Sheena Pollet and Thelma Osborn. Dr Pollet is a consultant
psychiatrist in psychotherapy and also practices as a psychoanalyst. She initially receives
referrals from the access and advice team or directly from the adult inpatient unit. Thelma
Osborn practises as a specialist health visitor in primary care and is employed by the
Primary Care Trust (PCT). She runs both individual and group psychotherapy for mothers
referred with post natal depression. She has recently completed basic EMDR training
(2008-9)
I have integrated EMDR and sensorimotor psychotherapy with mindfulness and trauma
focussed psychotherapy in a new theoretical paradigm which I have termed integrated
reprocessing therapy (IRT). I will outline the use of this approach where traumatic births
and neonatal vulnerabilities are a key feature of the presentation
Recommendations for the development of parent infant mental health and a tier 3
perinatal mental health services within the 5 Boroughs Partnership Foundation Trust will
be outlined.
The aim of this article is to offer an integrative approach in the treatment of adult survivors of sexual abuse. The treatment orientation is psychodynamic and intersubjective and will draw on three conceptual models: (a) a developmental model based on current attachment research, (b) current neuroscience findings concerning traumatic memory that emphasize sensory, affective, and implicit knowing in the understanding and treatment of trauma, and (c) eye movement desensitization and reprocessing as an adjunctive technique to help access traumatic memories. The author will summarize each theoretical perspective and will provide a case illustration to demonstrate a treatment approach that incorporates all three modalities.
Die INTAKT (Integrated traumaassociated kurzfristige Psychotherapie) eingeführt wurde, eine Intervention in einem "Ambulante Ressource-orientierten Gruppe" ARG für akute traumatisierten Patienten in Kombination mit EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization und die Wiederaufbereitung). Die Studie und die wichtigsten Ergebnisse ausgesetzt sind. Durch den Vergleich der Behandlungen "ARG" und "INTAKT" wird gezeigt, dass Interventionen Gruppe wirksam bei akuter-traumatisierten Patienten und hilfsbereit im Laufe der Behandlung sind. Für einige Patienten der Gruppe Interventionen führen zu einer signifikanten Reduktion Symptom. Für andere die stabilisierende Wirkung der "Ambulante Ressource-orientierten Gruppe" ermöglichen diesen Patienten zu einer frühen Übergang zu EMDR. Die Wirkung der INTAKT-Behandlung scheint zu sein, besser als die anderen Behandlungen.
The INTAKT (Integrated traumaassociated short-term psychotherapy) was introduced, a intervention in a "Ambulant Ressource-oriented Group" ARG for acute traumatized patients in combination with EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing). The study and the most important results are exposed. By comparing the treatments "ARG" and "INTAKT" is shown, that group interventions are effective for acute-traumatized patients and helpful in the course of the treatment. For some patients the group interventions lead to a significant symptom reduction. For others the stabilizing effects of the "Ambulant Ressource-oriented Group" enable these patients to a early transition to EMDR. The effect of the INTAKT-treatment seems to be superior to the other treatments.
This paper provides an overview of several treatment interventions for trauma-related disturbances in adult victims of crime. Following a brief discussion of mental health service utilization among crime victims, we describe interventions for acute and chronic reactions to trauma. We present some controlled studies of psychosocial treatments for PTSD that have gained empirical support and are recommended as first line interventions by expert consensus including exposure therapy, cognitive therapy, and stress inoculation training, followed by a brief summary of selected studies examining the efficacy of pharmacological treatment for PTSD. Finally, we discuss multicultural issues, factors associated with treatment outcome, and challenges we have encountered in treating crime victims. [Author Abstract]
Traumatische Erlebnisse, wie sie bei Kindern häufig vorkommen, können die normale gesunde Entwicklung der Betreffenden, ihre Selbstachtung und das Zusammenleben ihrer Familien stark belasten.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) ist ein umfassender therapeutischer Ansatz, der Patienten in kurzer Zeit hilft, belastende Gedanken und Emotionen, die durch traumatische Erlebnisse entstanden sind, aufzulösen. Traumatisch wirken im allgemein akzeptierten Sinne Mißbrauchs- oder Mißhandlungserlebnisse, Naturkatastrophen und Gewalttätigkeit, doch können Kinder auch viel harmlosere Vorgänge als sehr bedrohlich erfahren. Ein Unfall auf dem Spielplatz, der Verlust eines sehr nahestehenden Menschen oder Probleme in der Schule schockieren ein Kind oft viel stärker als einen Erwachsenen. Außerdem können solche Vorfälle bewirken, daß sich ein Kind hilflos und machtlos fühlt, ängstlich wird und belastende Verhaltensprobleme entwickelt.
Das Buch Kleine Wunder befaßt sich auf sehr ansprechende und eingehende Weise mit den Möglichkeiten therapeutischer EMDR-Arbeit mit Kindern. Das Buch wendet sich an Eltern, die sich Sorgen darum machen, wie ihre Kinder ein gewisses grundlegendes Vertrauen entwickeln können, außerdem an Erwachsene, die sich damit beschäftigen wollen, wie die Geschehnisse in ihrer Kindheit ihr Selbstbild geprägt haben, und an Therapeuten, die mehr über EMDR sowie auch darüber erfahren wollen, wie diese Methode auf die besonderen Bedürfnisse traumatisierter Kinder abgestimmt werden kann.
Traumatic experiences, such as occur frequently in children, can pollute the normal healthy development of the individuals themselves, their self-esteem and the coexistence of their families strong. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a comprehensive therapeutic approach that patients in a short time helps to resolve stressful thoughts and emotions that are caused by traumatic experiences. Traumatic effect in the generally accepted meaning abuse or maltreatment experiences, natural disasters and violence, but children can also learn much more harmless activities as very threatening. An accident on the playground, the loss of a very loved one or problems at school to shock a child often much stronger than an adult. Furthermore, such incidents have the effect that a child feels helpless and powerless, anxious and is developed incriminating behavior problems. Small wonder the book deals in a very appealing and detailed way with the possibilities of therapeutic EMDR work with children. This book is for parents who are worried about how their children can develop some basic trust, also for adults who want to deal with how the events have shaped her childhood her self-image, and therapists, the more about EMDR, and also about to learn how this method can be adapted to the special needs of traumatized children.
“Traduire la recherche en pratique” constitue une nouvelle rubrique régulière du journal dans laquelle
des cliniciens font part d’exemples de cas cliniques qui soutiennent, exposent en détail ou illustrent les
résultats d’une étude de recherche donnée. Chaque article commence par résumer l’étude en question
pour ensuite apporter la description par le clinicien de son application des procédures EMDR (désensibilisation
et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires) standard auprès de la population ou pour le
problème traité dans l’étude. Cette rubrique est éditée par la fondation EMDR Research (recherche en
EMDR) dans le but de fournir un lien entre la recherche et la pratique et de rendre pertinents les résultats
de la recherche par rapports aux pratiques quotidiennes des thérapeutes. Dans la rubrique de ce numéro,
Katy Murray se réfère à l’étude de Sprang (2001) qui a évalué le traitement EMDR du deuil complexe ;
elle décrit comment elle a employé l’EMDR dans trois cas difficiles – une mère faisant le deuil de son
fils jeune adulte, une femme en lutte avec la perte de sa mère à cause de la maladie d’Alzheimer et une
jeune mère dont le fils est mort-né. Les exemples de cas sont suivis d’une discussion complète.
Translating Research Into Practice” is a new regular journal feature in which clinicians share clinical case examples that support, elaborate, or illustrate the results of a specific research study. Each column begins with the abstract of that study, followed by the clinician’s description of their own application of standard eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) procedures with the population or problem treated in the study. The column is edited by the EMDR Research Foundation with the goal of providing a link between research and practice and making research findings relevant in therapists’ day-today practices. In this issue’s column, Katy Murray references Sprang’s (2001) study, which investigated EMDR treatment of complicated mourning and describes how she used EMDR with three challenging cases—a mother mourning for her young adult son who died by suicide, a woman struggling with the loss of her mother to Alzheimer’s disease, and a young mother whose baby was stillborn. Case examples are followed with a comprehensive discussion.
Chairs: Sack M. & Spector J.
My focus today is on the etiology of the trauma-based predisposition to OCD.
I would like to demonstrate how the obsessive-compulsive disorder serves the dissociative adult as a MASK thereby maintaining the hidden status of both the traumatic memories, and the dissociation;
and finally I would like to demonstrate how EMDR can be used to target the OCD as an ego state to uncover the dissociated parts, the anxiety and the original trauma.
I would like to share with you some thoughts and examples from my clinic in the form of these goals, which you will find in your handouts:...[Author abstract]
The purpose of this project was to propose a long-term, theoretically sound and research
supported person-centered grief counseling group for adult women who were sexually abused as
children. A review of the literature indicated that child abuse survivors can benefit from
supportive group counseling; sharing a context of common experience seems to aid in their
healing process. The proposed program recognizes the need to provide women who were abused
with a trusting, social environment that helps to remove the secrecy and isolation, decrease the
feelings of shame and self-blame, and increase self-esteem and self-worth. The integration of a
nondirective approach with grief counseling creates a more comprehensive approach in which to
support the development of social skills and healthy and trusting relationships. The group is
structured for survivors to share their experiences, heal from their traumas, and find the tools to
move forward into happier, healthier, and better functioning lives.
Questo mio lavoro di tesi rappresenta una rassegna degli studi compiuti negli
ultimi anni, sui disturbi del comportamento alimentare. Negli ultimi vent’anni
molto è stato detto su questa patologia che ha attirato l’attenzione non solo di
clinici e specialisti ma anche dei mass media. Si tratta, purtroppo, di disturbi che
si stanno imponendo sempre di più nella società occidentale e che iniziano a
comparire anche nelle zone più povere del mondo. Come sarà possibile notare
nel primo capitolo, questi disturbi interessano principalmente, ma non
esclusivamente, soggetti di sesso femminile e gli indici di prevalenza indicano un
valore attorno all’1% per la bulimia nervosa nelle giovani donne adulte, mentre
per l’anoressia nervosa questa percentuale oscilla attorno lo 0,3%. Dopo una
descrizione generale di queste patologie, mi sono occupata dei disturbi specifici
evidenziati dal DSM-IV, redatto dall’American Psychiatric Association nel 1996:
Anoressia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Disturbo da Alimentazione Incontrollata
(BED). Questi disturbi vengono descritti singolarmente, analizzandone i fattori di
rischio e le caratteristiche cliniche e diagnostiche; nella descrizione ho tralasciato
i fattori eziopatogenetici della Bulimia Nervosa e del BED perché sono
rintracciabili tra quelli evidenziati per l’Anoressia Nervosa.
My thesis is a review of studies made in
last year, about eating disorders. Over the past twenty years
Much has been said about this disease that has attracted the attention not only to
and clinical specialists, but also the media. This is, unfortunately, of disorders
are becoming more and more in Western society and start to
appear even in the poorest parts of the world. As you will notice
in the first chapter, these problems primarily, but not
exclusively, female subjects, and prevalence rates indicate a
value of around 1% for bulimia nervosa in young adult women, while
for anorexia nervosa, this percentage fluctuates around 0.3%. after a
general description of these diseases, I have dealt with specific disorders
highlighted by the DSM-IV, prepared by the American Psychiatric Association in 1996:
Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, binge eating disorder
(BED). These disorders are described individually, analyzing the factors
risk and the clinical and diagnostic features, I have omitted in the description
causative factors of Bulimia Nervosa and BED because they are
detectable among those highlighted for Anorexia Nervosa.
Originally a technique that seemed to desensitize disturbing memories, EMDR is now a full-scale protocol that is being used to treat a wide-range of disorders. Even its proponents acknowledge, however, that the mechanism of action in EMDR is still unknown. It is argued that there has been an over-emphasis on neurophysiological explanations of EMDR. After a review of controlled studies and a discussion of proposed mechanisms, two case studies of EMDR therapy (one child and one adult) with pathological grief are presented. The cases are analyzed for their adaptive changes as this term is applied in Horowitz's control process theory (1992). It is argued that Horowitz's theory represents a theoretical foundation by which a psychological understanding of the EMDR psychotherapy process can be achieved. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 65(5-B), 2004, pp. 2625.
This workshop is a presentation which encompasses the Triune Brain Theory, Educational Kinesiology and recent
research on trauma and how it effects brain development and functioning. Information will be presented on the
Triune Brain Theory and how “bottom up” processing can block EMDR from working with traumatized children.
A description of the energy blockages in the brain and how they can be detected and then eliminated through
Brain Gym exercises will comprise the second part of this educational workshop. The difference between hyper
arousal and dissociative responses and which brain centers are involved will be explained in order to understand
the adaptive, evolutionary response of the brain when the child/adult is experiencing trauma. Throughout the
workshop will be experiential Brain Gym exercises. This format is designed to encourage greater understanding
of the whole brained effects of the exercises as participants learn these tools. Several other exercises which
reduce stress and connect the three levels of the brain for efficient, whole-brained processing will also be
incorporated. Several case examples will be shared to illustrate how the Brain Gym exercises become part of the
child’s coping resources and eventually facilitate the processing of his/her traumaLearning Objectives:
• The participants will be able to demonstrate and describe the benefits of a Brain Gym Warm Up to create full
brain activation and a relaxed processing state.
• Participants will be able to describe the Triune Brain Theory and how trauma creates “bottom up” processing
instead of “top down” processing.
• Participants will be able to demonstrate specific exercises for reducing stress/trauma within the Central
Nervous system thus enhancing a child’s sense of safety.
• Participants will be able to identify 5 brain/energy imbalances and how they block EMDR processing.
• Participants will be able to identify and explain the Brain Gym exercises which correct each of the 5 brain/
body/energy imbalances.
Spezifische Schwierigkeiten bei einer Gruppe von KlientInnen mit Persönlichkeitsstörungen bei der Wahl adäquater Kognitionen erfordern eine theoretische Auseinandersetzung mit der psychodynamischen Bedeutung der Kognitionen im EMDR-Protokoll. Die biographische Gemeinsamkeit dieser Patientengruppe ist der emotional-narzisstische Missbrauch in der Kindheit sowie Vernachlässigung durch primäre Bindungs- und Beziehungspersonen. Diese Lebenserfahrungen haben zur Folge, dass durch eine subtile Dissoziation (kindliche) Selbstteile entstehen, die emotional und kognitiv auf dasjenige Selbstbild fixiert sind, welches von den Bindungs- und Beziehungspartnern definiert und vom Kind verinnerlicht wurde. Das Ziel der Bearbeitung mit der EMDR-Methode ist in diesen Fällen nicht primär das anvisierte Ereignis, sondern dessen komplexe emotionale und kognitive Bedeutung für die Selbstwahrnehmung und -bewertung.
Im vorliegenden Artikel wird vorgeschlagen, bei der EMDR-Bearbeitung dieser spezifischen Foki während der Bewertungsphase 3 sich der subtilen dissoziativen Struktur bewusst zu sein und sich ihrer, falls nötig, explizit zu bedienen. Dies geschieht durch die Fokussierung auf die gleichzeitige „Aktivierung“ zweier neuronaler Netzwerke (Selbstteile,) nämlich des „betroffenen (kindlichen) Selbst“ (Traumanetzwerk) und des erwachsenen „Gegenwarts-Selbst“ (Alltagsnetzwerk). Die Formulierung des schlimmsten Momentes (Bild), der Negativen Kognition sowie Affekt und Körperlokalisierung obliegen dem „betroffenen Selbst“, welches das zu bearbeitende verzerrte Selbstbild verinnerlicht hat. Die Positive Kognition hingegen soll vom „Gegenwarts-Selbst“ als eine dialogische, alternative Sichtweise aus der Gegenwartsperspektive formuliert und in den EMDR Prozess als direkte Anrede in der 2.Person Einzahl eingebracht werde n („du bist…“ etc.)
Specific difficulties in a group of clients with personality disorders in the choice of adequate cognition require a theoretical discussion of the psychodynamic significance of cognitions in EMDR protocol. The biography of this common group of patients is the emotional and narcissistic childhood abuse and neglect through primary attachment and relationship people. These life experiences have the effect that, due to a subtle dissociation (childish) Auto Parts, which are fixed to that of emotional and cognitive self-image, which was defined by the attachment and relationship partners and internalized by the child. The goal of treatment with the EMDR method in these cases is not primarily the targeted event, but the complex emotional and cognitive meaning for the self-perception and assessment.
In this article it is proposed to be in the EMDR treatment of these specific foci during the evaluation phase 3 is aware of the subtle dissociative structure of her, if necessary, to use explicitly. This is done by focusing on the simultaneous "activation" of two neural networks (auto parts,) namely, the "concerned (children's) self" (Trauma Network) and the adult "present-self '(everyday network). The wording of the worst moment (picture), the negative cognition and affect and body localization is responsible for the "self-interested", which has internalized the distorted self-image to be processed. The positive cognition on the other hand will be the "present-self," formulated as a dialogical, alternative view from the present perspective, and placed in the EMDR process as a direct address to the 2nd person singular ("you are ..." etc.).
This article proposes an intervention for helping address and meet clients’ unmet childhood needs for any and all developmental stages. It starts with helping the client assimilate two resources, a pre-traumatized self (PTS) and a competent adult self (CAS).
Onveilige en ongeorganiseerd bijlagen en het begin van relationele verwaarlozing en trauma diepgaand effect op het ontwikkelingstraject van de toekomstige volwassen en verhogen het risico op het ontwikkelen Borderline persoonlijkheidsstoornis (BPD). Mensen met een borderline-stoornis en een geschiedenis complex trauma hebben veel problemen met zelfregulering en met betrekking tot anderen. Het beheer van deze zelfregulering en relationele problemen zijn centrale aspecten in de behandeling van BPS.
De stabilisatiefase is opgemerkt als essentieel oor trauma werk. Bij de behandeling van de borderline-stoornis en complexe trauma betekent dit vele bijzonderheden die we moeten in gedachten houden, waaronder: de rol van gehechtheid-gerelateerde gemoedstoestanden en fobieën voor de bevestiging, beïnvloeden en traumatische herinneringen. Werken met gevallen van BPS en complex trauma is intrinsiek relationeel en vaak gepaard gaat met de noodzaak om momenten van intense beïnvloeden en invloed hebben op fobieën beheren in de overdracht en tegenoverdracht. Inzicht in deze aspecten en met strategieën voor het aanpakken van hen is van essentieel belang zowel voor als tijdens EMDR opwerking van traumatische herinneringen om ervoor te zorgen dat de verwerking van traumatische herinneringen veilig en effectief kan worden gedaan met deze patiënten. Deze workshop integreert theoretische uiteenzetting met de presentatie van video's gevallen. De algemene structuur van EMDR therapie bij de behandeling van BPD, interventies in de voorbereidings-en overwegingen voor trauma-gerichte EMDR werk zal worden gedemonstreerd en uitgelegd.
Insecure and disorganized attachments and early relational neglect and trauma profoundly affect the developmental trajectory of the future adult and increase the risk of developing Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). People with BPD and a history complex trauma have many difficulties with self-regulation and relating to others. The management of these self-regulation and relational difficulties are central aspects in the treatment of BPD.
The stabilization phase has been remarked as essential prior to trauma work. In treating BPD and complex trauma this implies many particularities that we should keep in mind including: the role of attachment-related states of mind and phobias for attachment, affect and traumatic memories. Working with cases of BPD and complex trauma is intrinsically relational and often involves the need to manage moments of intense affect and affect phobias in the transference and countertransference. Understanding these aspects and having strategies for addressing them is essential both before and during EMDR reprocessing of traumatic memories to ensure that reprocessing of traumatic memories can be done safely and effectively with these patients. This workshop integrates theoretical exposition with the presentation of videos cases. The general structure of EMDR therapy in treating BPD, interventions for the preparation phase and considerations for trauma-focused EMDR work will be demonstrated and explained.
Eye movement desensitization (EMDR) and exposure therapies
(e.g. prolonged exposure therapy) have both been recommended
as first-line treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
However, relatively little is known about the comparative efficacy
of the two types of treatments. To date, the few studies that have
been conducted have small sample sizes, making it difficult
to draw conclusions. The goal of the current study was to use
meta-analytic techniques to synthesize the existing data on the
relative efficacy of exposure therapies and EMDR. Through a
comprehensive literature search, we identified six randomized
control trials that met our inclusion criteria. We calculated
Hedges g effect sizes for the continuous variables (positive values
favor exposure therapies) and risk ratios (RRs) for dichotomous
variables (values greater than one favor exposure therapies).
EMDR and exposure therapies did not differ significantly on
clinician-rated PTSD (g = 0.32), self-report PTSD (g = -0.08), selfreport
depression (g = -0.01), loss of PTSD diagnosis (RR = 1.46),
or dropout (RR = 0.79). However, higher-quality studies (based
on Foa & Meadows’ 1997 criteria) consistently favored exposure
therapies. Clinical implications will be discussed
Treatment Studies: I
Eye movement desensitization (EMDR) and exposure therapies
(e.g. prolonged exposure therapy) have both been recommended
as first-line treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
However, relatively little is known about the comparative efficacy
of the two types of treatments. To date, the few studies that have
been conducted have small sample sizes, making it difficult
to draw conclusions. The goal of the current study was to use
meta-analytic techniques to synthesize the existing data on the
relative efficacy of exposure therapies and EMDR. Through a
comprehensive literature search, we identified six randomized
control trials that met our inclusion criteria. We calculated
Hedges g effect sizes for the continuous variables (positive values
favor exposure therapies) and risk ratios (RRs) for dichotomous
variables (values greater than one favor exposure therapies).
EMDR and exposure therapies did not differ significantly on
clinician-rated PTSD (g = 0.32), self-report PTSD (g = -0.08), selfreport
depression (g = -0.01), loss of PTSD diagnosis (RR = 1.46),
or dropout (RR = 0.79). However, higher-quality studies (based
on Foa & Meadows’ 1997 criteria) consistently favored exposure
therapies. Clinical implications will be discussed.
Mindfulness mediation (based on Buddhist meditative techniques) has previously been advocated for depression relapse prevention and chronic pain reduction in former research trials (Teasdale; Kabat-zinn, etc.). Because the practice of mindfulness relates to body scans and focusing attention upon the body, it has been advised that it may cause problems in using such a method for sexual abuse and rape survivors, although no research appears to have been carried out in this area. In a single case study of child-sexual-abuse adult survivor who frequently dissociated and experienced “flashbacks” during clinical sessions, the methods of Mindfulness Mediation were introduced to her, in an attempt to keep an awareness of her surroundings whilst doing imagined exposure in for PDSD (post duress stress disorder). From dissociative phases, flashbacks and cognitive avoidance of stimuli, the client became able to focus on the traumatic information being presented and to emotionally relate and process trauma memories, which previously she had been unable to do. Her ability to attenuate upon traumatic information was increased, habituation was easier from a clinical perspective, her anxiety levels decreased (BAI) and her depression levels eased (BDI). (N.B. The client’s improved anxiety and depression scores may have been due to Mindfulness Mediation practices or to the processing of highly emotive information).
Conclusion: Mindfulness Meditation can be a useful adjunct to trauma processing when imagined exposure is being implemented for PTSD/PDSD for processing of un-integrated traumatic information, where dissociation, cognitive avoidance or flashbacks occur within the context of treatment, creating a barrier to habituation from traumatic information. [Two statistical charts which accompanied this abstract in the Conference Program entry have not been included here.]
A recent pilot project was initiated in an inpatient adult psychiatric unit to enhance programming and provide interventions to individuals in crisis. The project added a group component to the existing RDI protocol. This presentation will summarize the recent pilot study and results. It will include a review of RDI procedures, and guidelines for assessing patients' needs and choosing appropriate RDI protocols. ParticipaNTs will leave the workshop with new tools that will enable them to evaluate the clinical needs of their inpatient populations and modify the RDI protocol to suit them. Participants will also discuss data collection and research methods.
There is an increasing interest in using the procedures of EMDR with sexually abused children because of its effectiveness in treating PTSD and trauma in adults and children. Within the literature clinicians have reported modifications of the standard adult protocol originally developed by Shapiro in order to facilitate the therapy with children. To date, no study has investigated the actual modifications clinicians use when treating sexually abused children. A study was designed to elicit information about the actual use of such modifications from appropriately trained clinicians who work with sexually abused children 12 years and younger. A questionnaire was developed to obtain demographic information from therapists about their background and experience with abused children. An EMDR protocol modification survey was also created to elicit information about whether and how clinicians alter the standard EMDR protocol for use with abused children. Eight completed surveys were returned and the results of data analysis showed that clinicians do indeed modify the protocol as described and discussed. In particular, the results indicated the importance of modifications in the EMDR procedure for children and suggested important changes in the questionnaire that could be used for future data collection. [Author Abstract]
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 65(5-B), 2004, pp. 2611.
Background:
Trauma contributes to psychosis and in psychotic disorders post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often a comorbid disorder. A problem is that PTSD is underdiagnosed and undertreated in people with psychotic disorders. This study's primary goal is to examine the efficacy and safety of prolonged exposure and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for PTSD in patients with both psychotic disorders and PTSD, as compared to a waiting list. Secondly, the effects of both treatments are determined on (a) symptoms of psychosis, in particular verbal hallucinations, (b) depression and social performance, and (c) economic costs. Thirdly, goals concern links between trauma exposure and psychotic symptomatology and the prevalence of exposure to traumatic events, and of PTSD. Fourthly predictors, moderators, and mediators for treatment success will be explored. These include cognitions and experiences concerning treatment harm, credibility and burden in both participants and therapists.
Methods:
A short PTSD-screener assesses the possible presence of PTSD in adult patients (21- to 65- years old) with psychotic disorders, while the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale interview will be used for the diagnosis of current PTSD. The M.I.N.I. Plus interview will be used for diagnosing lifetime psychotic disorders and mood disorders with psychotic features. The purpose is to include consenting participants (N = 240) in a multi-site single blind randomized clinical trial. Patients will be allocated to one of three treatment conditions (N = 80 each): prolonged exposure or EMDR (both consisting of eight weekly sessions of 90 minutes each) or a six-month waiting list. All participants are subjected to blind assessments at pre-treatment, twomonths post treatment, and six monthspost treatment. In addition, participants in the experimental conditions will have assessments at mid treatment and at 12 months follow-up.
Discussion:
The results from the post treatment measurement can be considered strong empirical indicators of the safety and effectiveness of prolonged exposure and EMDR. The six-month and twelve-month follow-up data have the potential of reliably providing documentation of the long-term effects of both treatments on the various outcome variables. Data from pre-treatment and midtreatment can be used to reveal possible pathways of change.Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials: ISRCTN79584912.
EMDR and Ego State integrated treatment provides a clinical model for dealing with health problems in complex trauma survivors. Health problems are made more complex by the presence of dissociative disorders and PTSD symptoms in adult survivors. This presentation will focus on the treatment of these disorders. EMDR and Ego State techniques will be utilized to help the CTS patient: a) manage triggers and avoid re-traumatization, hyperarousal and numbing; desensitize and reprocess traumatic events; b) become assertive health consumers and deal with medical/dental procedures and tests; c) learn skills such as rehearsal, identifying problems, planning visits, etc.
In this workshop, EMDR and Ego state integrated treatment will be presented as a clinical model for dealing with
current life and health problems which the presence of dissociation and PTSD exacerbates for complex trauma
survivors (CTS). There are intertwined problems that are made more complex by the presence of dissociative
disorders in adult CTS. First: there are negative sequelae of childhood abuse on the physical and mental health of
adult CTS. Second, there are specific health problems predominant in this population which often are untreated,
misdiagnosed and ignored by physicians and EMDR therapists. Third: CTS have difficulties addressing their health
needs, accessing health care, and functioning effectively as health care consumers. Preventative care and good
health care may be minimal for this population. This presentation will focus on the development of an EMDR
treatment plan to successfully work with dissociative and PTSD disorders prevalent in these patients. Specialized
Ego State techniques will be introduced in each phase of EMDR treatment to help the patient stabilize: manage
triggers and avoid re-traumatization in the health care setting; effectively deal with avoidance, freeze,
hyperarousal and numbing; desensitize and reprocess earlier traumatic events which are at the root of these
problems, (these may include iatrogenic events and specific physical problems seemingly related to current
health problems, which actually result from early trauma); and become assertive health consumers. Skills
development needed by the CTS to become empowered and competent health consumers, such as rehearsal,
identifying problems, planning visits etc will also be included in the plan. [This slide presentation has a two page "References" bibliograhy issued separately.(PDF 6065)]
This workshop presents three related and integrated themes: I. - The neurobiology of trauma made simple, yet highly “usable” for clinical formulation. A. How trauma is defined by our culture and DSM-IV, versus the reality of how each human brain individually “defines” trauma. Organized and logical presentation of clinically relevant brain parts/circuits and how they process, or don’t adequately process traumatic experiences; the differing length of time the effects of trauma may manifest from these parts; the masking and masquerading of earlier traumas by the prefrontal cortex, etc. Which brain parts/circuits “trump” one another, and how this shows up in symptoms, in our personalities or in our relationships. II. - Child/Adolescent/Adult stages of human brain development made simple, but geared for clinical understanding and EMDR treatment planning. Childhood through young adulthood brain development generally mature along a sequence; Bottom to Top, and Inner to Outer .The brain areas that become more active as 31 children mature “show up” as increasing or decreasing behaviours, levels of thinking abilities, levels of emotional and mood development/stability, relational abilities, decreased dominance of certain other brain parts, etc.. Symptoms frequently reflect how each person’s level of brain maturation “filters” life experience at a given time. III. - Trauma neurobiology + different stages of brain development = potentially very different EMDR formulations, negative cognitions, etc. How the child and adult brain can identify “danger”, and therefore, “trauma” similarly, or very differently. How trauma is “understood” in the adult brain and the child brain. How and why “danger” or “traumas” are perceived, processed and present differently in children and adults
This workshop presents three interconnecting and integrated themes: The neurobiology of trauma made simple, yet highly “usable” for clinical formulation and treatment planning; The stages of human brain development made simple, but geared for clinical understanding and practice and; Trauma neurobiology + different stages of brain development = potentially very different clinical presentations. How trauma “looks” different in children and adults, and why. The fact that children’s brains interpret “danger” very differently than the adult brain. Trauma is far more commonplace than most clinicians would imagine.
This workshop explains the neurobiology of trauma in a simple, yet highly usable manner. Upon completion of this workshop, attendees should be able to readily apply this information for better formulating their clients’ issues and treatment planning. The topics include: 1) How does a normal nervous system operate? 2) What is Trauma? 3) What is the “bottom line” of chronic trauma syndromes (e.g., PTSD)? 4) How does childhood development factor into adult trauma symptoms? 5) Treatment.
Objective: In the present study we examined the facial affective behavior of acutely adult
onset traumatized patients in comparison to childhood onset traumatized patients.
Furthermore we analyzed as a moderator variables psychic complains, amnesia and
derealization.
Methods: The facial affective behavior was coded with the Emotional Facial Acting Coding
System, an instrument for the registration of facial movements with emotional relevance.
The facial affective behavior of the patient’s first and last EMDR session was videotaped
and compared. The first 5 min of each session were coded by an independent rater
(certified FACS user). The psychic complains were measured with the SCL-90-R
(German version of Symptom Checklist-90-R), amnesia and derealization with the FDS
(German version of the Dissociative Experiences Scale).
Results: Childhood onset and acutely adult onset traumatized patients showed the same
reduction of overall facial activity. We found significantly higher psychic complains (global
severity index) (SCL-90-R) in childhood onset traumatized patients and no difference in
amnesia (FDS) between the two groups. Childhood onset traumatized patients showed
higher values of derealization (FDS).
Conclusions: Acutely adult onset traumatized patients showed the same facial affective
reduction as childhood onset traumatized patients in comparison to a healthy control
group. Additionally childhood onset traumatized patients showed more psychic complains
and derealization.
Trauma-generated OCD repeats the trauma through its own ritual behavior patterns. This altered state re-traumatizes the core personality through the repetition of rituals similar to the original trauma. The presenters hypothesize that trauma-based OCD is an altered state not co-morbid with diagnosis for dissociative disorders. This OCD persona served the dissociative adult cope with traumatic memories changing and influencing reactions to ongoing trauma, life choices, and other behavior patterns.
This aim of this workshop is to focus on the development of trauma-based, anxiety-motivated dissociative states. Life in the shadow of chronic anxiety stemming from living under constant and consistent life-threatening conditions produces a (sub)-population of persons suffering from PTS/D. The anxiety and fear from elements of unprocessed traumatic events are retained and embedded in the body and are repeatedly triggered in daily life. This PTSD population dissociates into anxiety-based altered states ranging along a continuum from mild tension to phobias, panic attacks, denial, PCD, aggression, indifference and apathy and finally full blown trauma generated OCD.
The presenters provide cross-cultural examples demonstrating how ongoing threat of man-made or natural disasters often leads to a dissociative OCD state. Case examples are explored which demonstrate how processing with EMDR effectively enables resolution and change. EMDR is particularly useful in processing the “anxiety” via current behavior patterns.
Objectives: 1) to examine the co-morbidity aspects of trauma-based OCD and dissociation 2) to present the parallel continuums of types of stress and anxiety (on the intensity and severity axis 3) to compare the differences and similarities in behavioral patterns in different cultures under the stress of constant threat of annihilation (man-made vs. natural threats) 4) to demonstrate the effectiveness of EMDR on trauma induced OCD, through case illustration and discussion.
Five traumatized patients grouped this way: 2 males, 2 females, one boy of 11. The two men had received treatment with CBT, 1 of females Gestalt therapy, the other female with EMDR, and the 11 years old boy with IFS; they had come to a point of stuck in their therapy because of the therapists not being able to manage Shame Affect during trauma confronting; also, when alters appeared during some therapy sessions in one of the adult females. Four of the patients had already worked on some traumatic memories with previous therapists. According to Compass of Shame 2 of the male patients had a rather high urge to enter into Attacking others pole with rage, and one of them, also, into Avoidance pole with drug abuse, compulsive sex and gamble; two females were more urged to enter into Attack self pole and in 1 of the females, her alter and patient described herself as being very upset and paralyzed with Shame. The 11 years old boy was stuck in Withdrawn pole; a highly Shamed Negative Part was so paralyzed that the Integrating Strategy was stopped until the child Ego state was released from Shame.
Learning Objectives:
EMDR/and not EMDR participants will able to perform interventions characterized by working with Shame or preparing patients to tolerate Shame.
Participants will be able to define the scripts inside each pole of the Compass
Participants will be able to identify the different poles of Compass of Shame.
One-Session Treatment (OST) is a form of massed exposure
therapy for the treatment of specific phobias. OSTcombines
exposure, participant modeling, cognitive challenges, and
reinforcement in a single session, maximized to three hours.
Clients are gradually exposed to steps of their fear hierarchy
using therapist-directed behavioral experiments. Although
there are several studies in the literature examining the
efficacy of OST, little has been done to summarize this
research. In the following review, research on and empirical
support for OST are reviewed with an emphasis on the types
of stimuli, samples, and methodologies utilized. Research
generally supports OST's efficacy, although replication by
independent examiners using adult and child samples is
needed using more rigorous comparisons (e.g., psychological
placebo or other treatments). Overall, OST continues to
be a promising treatment for specific phobias; however, a
great deal more investigation is needed to identify mechanisms
of change, mediators, and moderators.
Epidemiological evidence as well as clinical experience indicates that perinatal and preverbal experience can affect adult symptomology such as eating disorders and suicidality.
In clinical practice, the issue can be encountered in cases of perinatal and preverbal trauma such as difficult birth, early separation and early hospitalisation and can be associated with fearful dreams and difficult affect regulation.
This area is a difficult one without clear answers and the work must be considered experimental. In this workshop, the pros and cons are discussed together with theoretical background, clinical cases, and some experiential learning.
Patients with personality disorders have many difficulties in their daily functioning; many have histories of traumatic events and insecure attachment. In this workshop we will focus on cluster B personality disorders, and especially on borderlines. We will try to explain the interrelation of the DSM criteria (how they “feed” on each other) and how they are fed on these early events. To understand these aspects is basic for an adequate case-conceptualization in Phase 1. Early relational trauma impacts the developmental trajectory of the future adult and this will have a deep effect on how this adult relates to others. People with personality disorders and complex trauma have many difficulties when it comes to relating to others. One of the aspects that makes personality disorders difficult to manage is the intense emotional reactions that arise in the therapist during EMDR sessions. The management of relational difficulties is a core aspect in the treatment of personality disorders, and the solid basis where EMDR should develop.
The stabilization phase has been remarked as essential prior to trauma work with EMDR. But being true this assumption, two aspects need further development. The first is to establish when a patient is ready for trauma processing since frequently the stabilization phase is unnecessarily prolonged by therapists who don´t feel secure enough working with EMDR in this clinic group. The second is the development of specific interventions from EMDR, and not just the “importation” of foreign techniques, without an adequate theoretical framework. In this workshop we will go deeper into this topic.
Trauma processing in personality disorders implies many specificities that we should have in mind. Knowing these specific aspects, trauma processing with EMDR can be safely implemented in these patients. Borderline patients can get better with different therapies but only EMDR is able to get to symptoms such as “emptiness”. The effect of EMDR therapy is evident in clinic experience, even when specific research is still under development.
Learning objectives:
One interesting aspect of this workshop is the integration of theoretical exposition and the presentation of videos cases, in order to understand how to manage relational problems with this clinical group (a group with important patient-therapist relationship problems) and specific aspects of EMDR therapy in these patients. The general structure of EMDR therapy in personality disorders, interventions for the preparation phase and considerations for trauma EMDR work will be showed and explained.
The authors review sample composition and enrollment data for 34 studies cited in the International
Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) 2000 Practice Guidelines as meeting the Level A
U.S. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) classification for treatment of adult
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and compare data from more recent research. Findings reveal
that many published reports omitted vital data including exclusion criteria and rates, demographics,
and trauma exposure history. Moreover, severe comorbid psychopathology, a common feature of
treatment-seeking individuals with PTSD, emerged as the predominant reason for exclusion across
studies. Subsequently published studies exhibited improved reporting of sample characteristics and
demonstrated comparable outcomes despite inclusion of more diverse trauma exposure samples.
Findings indicate the need for future efficacy research to adopt more comprehensive reporting requirements
and to test the applicability of validated treatments to individuals suffering from as yet
unstudied combinations of PTSD and prevalent comorbid disorders.
Recent developments in PTSD treatment
outcome research: Although cognitive behavior therapy is the treatment of choice for
PTSD, there is a need to develop more effective treatments and to
determine factors that influence treatment response. This
symposium presents four studies that address treatment outcome
research. The initial paper provides an overview of treatment
predictors from two trials of cognitive processing therapy. The
second paper reviews the differential responses to treatment of
survivors of terrorist attacks and motor vehicle accidents. The third
paper reviews predictors of outcome following EMDR and
Prolonged Exposure. The fourth paper overviews a series of
studies that have used structural and functional fMRI to identify the
neural factors that predict response to CBT and also the impact of
CBT on neural functioning.
Predictors of treatment response for EMDR and prolonged exposure: Predictors for response to treatment in a controlled study aimed to
evaluate the relative efficacy of Prolonged Exposure (PE) and Eye
Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) compared to
a no-treatment wait-list control (WAIT) in the treatment of PTSD in
adult female rape victims were examined. In this study, 74
participants with PTSD were randomly assigned to one of the three
experimental conditions to achieve 20 completers per group.
Independent Assessors blind to the treatment condition
administered standard measures of PTSD and related symptoms.
Improvement in PTSD, depression, dissociation, and state anxiety
was significantly greater in both PE and EMDR group than the
WAIT group. PE and EMDR did not differ significantly for change
from baseline to either post-treatment or 6-month follow up
measurement for any quantitative scale. EMDR subjects with 2 or
more comorbid diagnoses, however, improved significantly less
than all other active treatment subjects. At post-treatment and 6-
months, 95% and 94% of PE subjects and 75% and 74% EMDR
subjects no longer met DSM-IV PTSD criteria, respectively. At the
6-month follow-up assessment, 78% of those who received PE and
35% of those who received EMDR met criteria for good end state
functioning (p=.017).
This article reviews the complexity of adaptation and symptomatology in adult survivors of childhood neglect and abuse who meet criteria for the proposed diagnosis of Complex PTSD, also known as Disorders of Extreme Stress, Not Otherwise Specified (DESNOS). A specific EMDR protocol, Resource Development and Installation (RDI), is proposed as an effective intervention in the initial stabilization phase of treatment with Complex PTSD/DESNOS. Descriptive psychometric and behavioral outcome measures from two single case studies are presented which appear to support the use of RDI. Suggestions are offered for future treatment outcome research with this challenging population. [Author Abstract]
SEE FAR CBT is a suggested new protocol for the treatment of anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using creative form treatment based on empowerment through fantastic reality. The model emphasizes the role of fantastic reality and the use of imaginal re-narration of the traumatic event with the use of cards as a means of externalization or distancing. The treatment protocol incorporates methods of somatic memory reduction as well as CBT elements. The main objective of this study was to introduce the model and test the therapeutic efficacy of this new integrative therapeutic approach by comparing it to a well-established treatment approach; eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Adult PTSD patients, divided into EMDR (n = 12) and SEE FAR CBT (n = 9) groups, were assessed for traumatic symptoms at three time intervals (pre-treatment, post-treatment and 1-year follow-up). Both EMDR and SEE FAR CBT were associated with effective alleviation of traumatic symptoms, showing statistically significant decreases in their trauma symptoms over time but not differing in treatment efficacy during any of the assessment times. With some methodological limitations, results suggest further inquiry of the proposed model in clinical and experimental settings.
Negative autobiographical memories are effectively treated using EMDR
with patients making eye movements during the recall of negative
autobiographical memories. While several studies have measured the effects of
different types of stimulations, we are not aware of any research assessing the
combined effects of two different stimulations applied simultaneously during the
recall of the event.
For this preliminary study involving 15 adult patients from both sexes, 4 EMDR
counselor therapists measure 17 symptoms of the list proposed by Weimann
(1968)). Each patient is evaluated before, during and at the end of each session.
We control the effect of the sequence of one versus two types of stimulations by
assigning each patient to both conditions but in a random way: (a) first target first
session with one type of stimulation following with a second target first session,
including two types of stimulation; (b) the inversed sequence. We compare the
mean level intensity of each symptom (within factor) between one type vs. two
types of stimulations (between factor) using the Anova and the t- Student tests.
We hypothesize that an attenuation of intensity of the stress symptoms occurs
when the patient is treated simultaneously with two types of bilateral stimulation
(eye movements and tactile stimuli), compared to one (eye movements).
The paper presents preliminary data, as well as a discussion of the results in the
light of the theory of the working memory (Andrade et al.1997) and the
reassurance reflex model of EMDR proposed by MacCulloch and Feldman (1996).
Los
recuerdos
autobiográficos
negativos
son
tratados
con
efectividad
usando
el
EMDR
con
pacientes
a
través
del
movimiento
ocular
de
ojos
durante
el
acceso
al
recuerdo
negativo
autobiográfico.
Mientras
muchos
estudios
han
medido
dos
tipos
diferentes
de
estimulación,
no
estamos
al
corriente
de
ninguna
otra
investigación
que
informe
de
los
efectos
combinados
de
los
dos
tipos
de
estimulación
aplicada
simultáneamente
durante
este
acceso
al
recuerdo
del
evento.
En
este
estudio
preliminar
contamos
con
los
datos
de
15
pacientes
adultos
de
ambos
sexos,
4
consultores
EMDR
midieron
17
síntomas
de
la
lista
propuesta
por
Weimann
(1968).
Cada
paciente
era
evaluado
antes,
durante,
y
al
final
de
cada
sesión.
Controlamos
los
efectos
de
una
secuencia
en
función
de
los
2
tipos
de
estimulación,
asignando
a
cada
paciente
ambas
condiciones
pero
de
manera
aleatorizada:
(a)
Primer
recuerdo
Diana,
primera
sesión
con
un
tipo
de
estimulación
seguido
de
un
Segundo
recuerdo
de
la
primera
sesión
incluyendo
dos
tipos
de
estimulación;
(b)
invertimos
la
secuencia
anterior.
Comparamos
la
media
del
nivel
de
intensidad
de
cada
síntoma
(dentro
del
factor)
entre
un
tipo
y
dos
tipos
de
estimulación
(entre
factores)
usando
cálculos
estadísticos
de
Anoia
y
una
t-‐Student
para
los
resultados.
Nuestra
hipótesis
es
que
ocurrirá
una
atenuación
de
los
síntomas
de
estrés
cuando
el
paciente
es
tratado
simultáneamente
con
dos
tipos
de
estimulación
bilateral
(movimientos
oculares
y
estímulos
táctiles),
comparados
con
la
de
un
solo
tipo
(Movimientos
oculares).
Este
artículo
presenta
el
análisis
preliminar
de
los
datos,
así
como
la
discusión
de
los
resultados
en
línea
con
la
teoría
de
la
memoria
de
trabajo
(Andrade
y
cols
1997)
y
la
reafirmación
del
modelo
refractario
del
EMDR
propuesto
por
MacCulloch
y
Feldman
(1996).
Prolonged exposure counterconditioning (PEC) was tested as a treatment for
chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in an adult survivor of repeated child sexual
and physical abuse. PEC utilizes imaginal reliving of very pleasurable life moments in
order to weaken traumatic conditioned emotional responses (CERs). A higher-order conditioned
stimuli (CS) is used as a traumatic CER elicitor. Prolonged imaginal reliving of
pleasurable CSs is used as a counterconditioner to the traumatic CERs. A statistical technique
for analyzing single-case subject designs based on classical test theory was used to
evaluate the client’s progress in treatment. Results showed that PEC effectively decreased
the client’s PTSD symptoms, depression, and anxiety. In addition, the client’s negative
cognitions became considerably more positive. Also, the client lost his comorbid conditions
of chronic major depressive disorder and social phobia. Finally, other clinically
observed symptoms, which are described in the article, improved markedly. All results
were maintained at a 3-month follow-up.
This controlled study evaluated the relative efficacy of Prolonged Exposure (PE) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) compared to a no-treatment waitlist control (WAIT) in the treatment of PTSD in adult female rape victims (n = 74). Improvement in PTSD as assessed by blind independent assessors, depression, dissociation, and state anxiety was significantly greater in both the PE and EMDR group than the WAIT group (n = 20 completers per group). PE and EMDR did not differ significantly for change from baseline to either posttreatment or 6-month follow-up measurement for any quantitative scale. [Author Abstract]
Three randomized controlled trials treating PTSD in adult female rape victims will be
presented: Patti Resick on long-term follow-up of Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT)
vs Prolonged Exposure (PE); Edna Foa on PE alone or with Cognitive Restructuring
(CR); and Barbara Rothbaum on PE vs Eye Movement Desensitization and
Reprocessing (EMDR) vs waitlist control.
Prolonged exposure vs. EMDR for PTSD rape victims:
This controlled study aimed to evaluate the relative efficacy of Prolonged Exposure (PE)
and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) compared to a notreatment
wait-list control (WAIT) in the treatment of PTSD in adult female rape victims.
In this study, 75 Ss with PTSD were randomly assigned to one of the three
experimental conditions to achieve 20 completers per treatment group. All assessments
were conducted by an Independent Assessor blind to the treatment condition, and
standard measures of PTSD and related symptoms were incorporated. The primary
goals of this study were to compare the relative efficacy of EMDR and PE, and compare
them to the WAIT control group in treating PTSD in rape victims; to gather information
on the differential rate of response to treatment; to develop predictors for response to
treatment; and to gather information on the long-term response to treatment for six and
twelve months following treatment. The mean age of participants was 34.3 (SD = 11.9)
and ranges from 18-63 years. Most participants were Caucasian (69%); 24% are
African American, 3% are Latino, and 3% are Other. The majority were single (53%),
while 28% were married or living with a partner, and19% were divorced or separated.
Treated patients were significantly more improved on all of the PTSD symptom
categories as well as by PTSD diagnostic status than the WAIT participants
immediately post-treatment. Means and standard deviations of PTSD symptom
measures and other symptom measures will be presented and compared for
participants who received PE, EMDR, and WAIT at Pre-Treatment and Post-Treatment
and 6-month follow-up.
Saturday, Dec. 8
Concurrent Sessions - Saturday, December 8
Negative trauma related cognitions have been implicated in the onset
and maintenance of PTSD, and often improve with treatment. This
controlled study aimed to evaluate the relative efficacy of Prolonged
Exposure (PE) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
(EMDR) compared to a no-treatment wait-list control (WAIT) in the
treatment of PTSD in adult female rape victims. In this study, 75 Ss
with PTSD were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental
conditions to achieve 20 completers per treatment group. All assessments
were conducted by an Independent Assessor blind to the
treatment condition. Participants completed the posttraumatic cognitions
inventory (PTCI) and measures of PTSD symptomatology at
pre- and post- treatment. We will investigate changes in cognitions
across active treatment groups, and the extent to which cognitions at
baseline predict treatment outcome.
O presente estudo tem por objetivo apresentar os fundamentos de porque o EMDR funciona no tratamento da dor crônica e apresentar os dados de um estudo piloto que será realizado até a data da apresentação. Diante de uma experiência de dor, o cérebro desenvolve uma rede associativa de memória que pode ficar congelada devido à intensidade e/ou persistência da dor. Aspectos psicológicos associados ao evento disparador ou possíveis ganhos secundários também podem fortalecer o congelamento dessas redes associativas (Grant 2002). Dessa forma, a dor crônica, mesmo que justificada por uma questão física, vem associada à memória da dor que é expressa em sensações corporais. Entendendo que o EMDR trata o trauma psicológico por descongelar e resignificar os eventos passados por meio da reconexão dessas redes associativas com as redes de recursos psíquicos do sujeito, podemos entender que o reprocessamento da rede associativa da dor irá reorganizar essa memória de forma a desconstruir a memória da dor enquanto uma sensação corporal presente (Schneider et al 2008). O Estudo piloto será composto por 4 sujeitos adultos que desenvolveram dor crônica a partir de um trauma físico. Os sujeitos serão submetidos a uma entrevista de linha de base com os seguintes instrumentos traduzidos: MINI (Amorim 2000), Short-Form McGill Melzack Pain Questionnaire (Schneider 2008 e Melzack 1987), Impact of Event Scale (Schneider 2008) e Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist-Revised (Estergard 2008); além do registro das medicações utilizadas. Essa avaliação será realizada em 3 momentos distintos. No início do estudo; após três meses sem intervenção adicional além do tratamento que o sujeito estava previamente submetido e após a intervenção do estudo de um processo de psicoterapia breve de 12 sessões com EMDR fundamentada no Protocolo de Dor (Mark Grant 1998/2009). As diferenças entre a primeira e segunda testagem serão comparadas com a diferença entre a segunda e terceira testagem para verificar a eficácia do tratamento. Espera-se obter uma diferença significativa para fortalecer a tese da eficácia do EMDR nesse tipo de tratamento assim como demonstra a literatura levantada (Bisson et all 2007, Estergard 2008, Friedberg 2004, Grant 2002 e 2009, Schneider et all 2008 e Shapiro 2002).
The present study aims to present the fundamentals of why EMDR works in treating chronic pain and present data from a pilot study that will be held until the date of the presentation. Faced with an experience of pain, the brain develops a network of associative memory that can be frozen due to the intensity and / or persistence of pain. Psychological aspects associated with the event trigger or possible secondary gains can also strengthen the freezing of these associative networks (Grant 2002). Thus, chronic pain, even if justified by a physical issue, comes the pain associated with memory that is expressed in bodily sensations. Understanding the psychological trauma EMDR treats for thawing and reframe past events through the reconnection of these associative networks with the networks of psychological resources of the subject, we can understand that the reprocessing of pain associative network will rearrange this memory in order to deconstruct the memory of pain as a bodily sensation present (Schneider et al 2008). The pilot study will consist of four adult subjects who developed chronic pain from physical trauma. The subjects will undergo a baseline interview with the following instruments translated: MINI (Amorim 2000), Short-Form McGill Melzack Pain Questionnaire (Melzack 2008 and Schneider 1987), Impact of Event Scale (Schneider 2008) and the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist-Revised (Estergard 2008); beyond the record of the medications used. This evaluation will be conducted in three distinct moments. At baseline and after three months without further intervention beyond treatment that the subject was previously submitted to and after intervention study of a process of brief psychotherapy of 12 sessions with EMDR based on the Pain Protocol (Mark Grant 1998/2009). The differences between the first and second test are compared with the difference between the second and third testing to verify the effectiveness of the treatment. It is expected to obtain a difference significant strengthening the argument of effectiveness of EMDR this type of treatment as well as the literature demonstrates raised (Bisson et all 2007, 2008 Estergard, Friedberg 2004, 2002 and 2009 Grant, Schneider et al 2008 and Shapiro 2002) .
This presentation offers a context for EMDR that strengthens the client’s sense of self and security. We will consider the therapeutic relationship from an attachment perspective and explore the clinical implications or recognizing it as triadic (adult-‘child’-therapist). Participants will identify ways to facilitate experiences of connectedness and nurturance through Imaginal Nurturing, thus fostering a consistent, ongoing development of a new relationship with self for the client. Opportunities for deepening the attachment context of EMDR therapy will be explored in detail with examples. Such an approach provides solid preparation for trauma work and greater security while doing that work, thus a gentler experience for the client and less likelihood of dissociation during processing.
The transpersonal nature of pre/perinatal life enhances healing of trauma from this early time with the use of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). EMDR has been acclaimed as being an extremely effective therapeutic method for healing trauma (Shapiro, 1997, 2001, 2002). EMDR has also been recognized as having transpersonal potentials associated with its use (Shapiro, 2002; Parnell, 1996, 1997). This article presents three adult cases in which EMDR has assisted healing of pre/perinatal trauma. The transpersonal dimension of healing in these cases is a significant focus of this article. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Despite the prevalence of childhood trauma, studies regarding psychotherapy for children suffering from PTSD are scarce, especially regarding the treatment for pediatric PTSD following single-incident trauma. Treatment practices for this population rely mainly on the paradigms of therapy for adult PTSD and pediatric PTSD following sexual abuse. This review outlines the studies published in the last 10 years pertaining to the treatment of pediatric PTSD following single-incident trauma. This is done in the context of available literature on the paradigms mentioned above. Of 742 articles dealing with treatment of pediatric trauma, 10 were found relevant to the treatment of pediatric PTSD following single-incident trauma. The modalities of treatment most frequently reported in this context were cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and play therapy. As a whole, CBT studies were methodologically more rigorous, used manualized, reproducible treatment, and were group, school-based therapies. EMDR treatments were usually short and individual. Most studies showed statistically significant improvement but were still methodologically lacking. We conclude that research on the subject of treatment for pediatric PTSD following single-incident trauma constitutes a neglected part of the study of pediatric PTSD. This stands in contrast to the obvious prevalence of this type of trauma. We encourage future research that will address issues such as clarifying the role of pharmacotherapy, comparing different modes of treatment, dismantling treatment "packages", researching developmentally sensitive treatments, conducting long-term follow-up, and comparing different PTSD populations. [Author Abstract]
Objective: The relative short-term efficacy and long-term benefits of pharmacologic versus psychotherapeutic interventions have not been studied for PTSD. This study compared the efficacy of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), fluoxetine, with a psychotherapeutic treatment, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and pill placebo and measured maintenance of treatment gains at 6-month follow-up. Method: 88 PTSD subjects diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria were randomly assigned to EMDR, fluoxetine, or pill placebo. They received 8 weeks of treatment and were assessed by blind raters posttreatment and at 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome measure was the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, DSM-IV version, and the secondary outcome measure was the Beck Depression Inventory-II. The study ran from July 2000 through July 2003. Results: The psychotherapy intervention was more successful than pharmacotherapy in achieving sustained reductions in PTSD and depression symptoms, but this benefit accrued primarily for adult-onset trauma survivors. At 6-month follow-up, 75.0% of adult-onset versus 33.3% of child-onset trauma subjects receiving EMDR achieved asymptomatic end-state functioning compared with none in the fluoxetine group. For most childhood-onset trauma patients, neither treatment produced complete symptom remission. Conclusions: This study supports the efficacy of brief EMDR treatment to produce substantial and sustained reduction of PTSD and depression in most victims of adult-onset trauma. It suggests a role for SSRIs as a reliable first-line intervention to achieve moderate symptom relief for adult victims of childhood-onset trauma. Future research should assess the impact of lengthier intervention, combination treatments, and treatment sequencing on the resolution of PTSD in adults with childhood-onset trauma. [Author Abstract]
This chapter presents an inside view of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) narrated by a client who was requested to tell her story to educate clinicians and clients so that others might be healed. The client's vivid account of her emotional history, along with the description of various memories targeted in treatment and the results of her processing sessions, provide an illustration of the therapy. Her emotional upheaval and adult relationships are a reflection of the cauldron of abuse, deceit, and chaos intrinsic to her family of origin. As indicated by the Adaptive Information Processing model, her symptoms were largely the result of the earlier negative experiences from childhood that were dysfunctionally stored in her brain. These memories had inherent within them the emotions and perspectives that generated her negative sense of self and inability to function happily in the world. The processing of the memories of these early events resulted in accelerated learning and a concomitant transmutation of her personal identity and self-efficacy. An addendum to the case by Kaslow elucidates the family systems perspective. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
I conceptualize EMDR as the process of linking the trauma from one part of the brain to a solution in
another part of the brain, to reach an adaptive resolution. The standard EMDR protocol proposes
accomplishing this by focusing heavily on the trauma. Most of my clients are adult survivors of
childhood trauma and their tolerance of a trauma-focused protocol is often low. I wondered if the
same adaptive resolution could be accomplished by focusing primarily on the part of the brain
holding the solution rather than the trauma. I recently began developing a resource-focused
protocol, which borrows from Sandra Paulsen’s (1994, 1995, & 1996) suggestions for integrating
EMDR with ego state therapy, and Andrew Leeds’ (1997) protocol for resource development and
resource installation (RD/RI). This new protocol puts significant emphasis on developing and
strengthening the felt sense of well-being connected to resource ego states before EMDR processing,
and maintenance of the sense of well-being during EMDR processing. It involves using the clients’
drawings of resource ego states and traumatized ego states (drawn with the dominant and nondominant
hand) as anchors for ego state processing, and as the focal points in eye movements (EMs).
In this protocol, traumatic material is elicited only when sufficient internal resources, represented by
drawings, are displayed in front of the client. The intention of this approach is to minimize risk of
affect overwhelm and maximize the probability that the part of the brain holding the trauma will link
to the part of the brain holding the solution.
In my experience the resource-focused protocol
his paper proposes that early deficits in adult clients with insecure-attachment
patterns can be addressed directly through a therapeutic component of imaginal
nurturing with EMDR. These clients may exhibit little sense of self, low self-esteem, a
sense of alienation, poor affect tolerance, inability to regulate emotions, inability to
empathize, and impaired interpersonal relationships. Traditionally, the burden of the
client's attachment deficits is left to be resolved through the therapeutic relationship
itself. In this paper, a three-pronged approach to therapy is suggested: affect tolerance
and emotion regulation skills training, imaginal nurturing, and trauma reprocessing, all
within the context of a validating and caring therapeutic relationship. The focus of this
paper is imaginal nurturing, the goals of which include developing an attachment
between the adult, and infant and child selves to create a new relationship to self in the
present. Two forms of imaginal nurturing are presented: Core Imaginal Nurturing,
freestanding imaginal work in which the client experiences both providing and
receiving nurturance, and Adjunctive Imaginal Nurturing which is incorporated into
trauma reprocessing. A conceptual basis for this work is provided, and examples are
given showing its use, benefits, and problems that can arise.
This study explored differences in recall accuracy following experimental manipulations of two elements specific to two common approaches to trauma treatment – inducing saccadic eye movements during imagery rehearsal (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing; EMDR) and imagery rehearsal without eye movements (Imaginal Exposure; IE). The study also looked into whether outcome was related to high suggestibility and distress characteristics. The sample consisted of 48 non-clinical adult participants. The results found no significant difference in false recalls between EMDR and IE. While the EMDR group did make more false recognitions, they also made more correct recalls than the IE group. In effect, those in the EMDR group appear to make more true recalls and more false recollections than those in the IE group.Irrespective of treatment condition, fewer positive words were recalled and recognized than neutral and trauma words. As well as all subjects displaying no avoidant encoding style for trauma words overall, we also noted no avoidant encoding style as a function of trauma history or treatment condition. Our results argue against the avoidant encoding hypothesis for those with a history of trauma and also suggest a lowered response criterion following EMDR.; (AN 25481115)
Conflict and tsunami events have left behind many traumatic experiences in people of Aceh. Many people in Aceh have lost
their families, children after the tsunami are still experiencing separation anxiety, and many children have lost motivation to
study, learn or play. Children are forced by circumstances to survive like an adult, whilst they still need protection and aegis
of the parent. This leads to consequences like irritability, impulsivity and somatic symptoms.
The treatment conducted by the practitioner especially for the children were the safe-place, resource activation and the
protocol of EMDR.
The safe-place technique is one of the most frequent techniques used for children. The safe-place technique is something like
a gate to get into the children’s experience through the Tsunami or conflict events. Some of the children in orphanages who
were treated by EMDR, specifically using the safe-place technique showed interesting findings. Some clients described the
sea as a safe-place. This becomes an interesting experience because it is well known that the sea was a trigger for traumatic
experiences related to the tsunami. However, it turns out that with children, the sea was also a source of power and made
them feel safe. This would raises some questions in our mind, whether the phenomenon is an ambivalence, or is there
something related to the culture or belief that the children have through their own life? It seems like an ambivalence, since
on one hand the children suffered a disaster directly related to the sea (tsunami) and on the other hand they think that the
sea is an integral part of their lives
Objective: This article examines survivor perspectives of the effectiveness of two different treatments for trauma symptoms among adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse -- Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and eclectic therapy. Method: Qualitative interviews obtained in the context of a mixed-methods study were conducted with 38 adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Results: Two major differences in outcomes between the two treatment approaches were observed. There were considerable distinctions between the two treatment groups in terms of the importance and effect of the client-therapist relationship, and in terms of the depth of change reportedly caused by the different therapies. Conclusions: Survivors' narratives indicate that EMDR produces greater trauma resolution, while within eclectic therapy, survivors more highly value their relationship with their therapist, through whom they learn effective coping strategies. [Author Abstract]
This exploratory study examines the treatment effects
of brief (1 to 2 sessions) Somatic Experiencing with 53
adult and child survivors of the 2004 tsunami in
Thailand. Somatic Experiencing’s early-intervention
model, now called Trauma First Aide, was provided
1 month after the tsunami. Survivor assessments were
done pretreatment, immediately posttreatment, 3 to
5 days posttreatment, and at the 1-year follow-up.
Results indicate that immediately following treatment,
67% of participants had partial to complete improvement
in reported symptoms and 95% had complete or
partial improvement in observed symptoms. At the 1-year
follow-up, 90% of participants had complete or partial
improvement in reported symptoms, and 96% had
complete or partial improvement in initially observed
symptoms. Given the small sample size and lack of an
equivalent comparison group, results must be interpreted
with caution. Nonetheless, the results suggest
that integrative mind–body interventions have promise
in disaster treatment.
Psychotherapie der PTBS ist oft in die Phasen der Stabilisierung und Konfrontation unterteilt. In der Stabilisierungsphase lernt der Patient, Strategien zur Regulierung und Kontrolle beeinflussen Symptome. Danach kann die Erinnerungen an das traumatische Ereignis offen gelegt und verarbeitet werden in der Konfrontation Phase. Deutsch Behandlungsrichtlinien und etwas Text Pfund postulieren, dass eine Phase der Stabilisierung bedingungslos vor der Konfrontation mit dem Trauma Erinnerungen erforderlich stattfinden kann. Im Gegensatz zu dieser Aussage, Evidenz aus randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien zeigt, dass die sogenannten Trauma-Ansätze konzentrieren (Varianten der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie, Exposition Therapie und EMDR) die erfolgreichsten Methoden für die Behandlung von PTBS sind. Als Konsequenz empfehlen mehreren internationalen Verbänden und Instituten diese Verfahren als Therapie der ersten Wahl. Alle Trauma-konzentrierte Ansätze umfassen irgendeine Art von Konfrontation mit nur rudimentären Stabilisierung oder ohne Stabilisierung bei allen. Darüber hinaus gibt es keine Hinweise, dass die Exposition Verfahren gefährlicher als Stabilisierung oder dass sie weniger gut toleriert und akzeptiert werden. Ebenso gibt es keinen Beweis, dass die Stabilisierung ist notwendig für Patienten mit komplexen Trauma-bedingten Erkrankungen wie bei erwachsenen Patienten mit einer Vorgeschichte von sexuellem Missbrauch. Entgegen der gängigen Lehre, eine Phase der Stabilisierung ist nicht notwendig, Trauma Behandlung und die Möglichkeit der negativen Auswirkungen der Stabilisierung kann nicht ausgeschlossen werden. [Abstract Autor]
Psychotherapy of PTSD is often divided into the phases of stabilization and confrontation. In the stabilization phase, the patient learns strategies to regulate affect and control symptoms. Thereafter, the memories of the traumatic event can be disclosed and processed in the confrontation phase. German treatment guidelines and some text books postulate that a phase of stabilization is unconditionally required before the confrontation with trauma memories can take place. In contrast to this statement, evidence from randomized controlled trials shows that the so-called trauma-focused approaches (variants of cognitive-behavioral therapy, exposure therapy, and EMDR) are the most successful methods for the treatment of PTSD. As a consequence, several international associations and institutes recommend these procedures as the treatment of first choice. All trauma-focused approaches include some type of confrontation with only rudimentary stabilization or with no stabilization at all. In addition, there is no evidence that exposure procedures are more dangerous than stabilization, or that they are less well tolerated and accepted. Likewise, there is no evidence that stabilization is necessary for patients with complex trauma-related disorders such as adult patients with a history of childhood sexual abuse. Contrary to the common doctrine, a stabilization phase is not necessary for trauma treatment and the possibility of negative effects of stabilization cannot be ruled out. [Author Abstract]
An efficient strategic model is described, one that systematically facilitates a developmental hypothesis about the symptoms or psychopathology of clients and which then efficiently implements EMDR with that developmental perspective or template. Four major features of the model are described including a strategic history-taking format which yields a “Developmental Baseline” from which a macro treatment plan can be formulated; strategic Ericksonian (hypnotic) language to mobilize client resources and bypass resistance; flexible targeting options; and therapeutic attunement. The four features of the Model are designed to facilitate developmental recapitulation and “catch-up,” and therapeutic attunement in particular may also potentiate right-brain repair leading to increased self-regulation. The model has application with challenging adult ad adolescent client populations, such as short-term funded, multiple trauma, high-risk, forensic addicted, and chronically ill, and also with high-functioning self-referred individuals and couples.
Clinical observations of EMDR treatment
sessions indicate that therapeutic
results are often achieved through
the progressive emergence of an adult
perspective, particularly when the client
was previously locked into the
emotional responses of a childhoodbased
trauma. Clearly, most childhood
experiences are infused with a
sense of powerlessness, lack of choice,
lack of control, and inadequacy. Even
the best of childhoods have moments
when the parents attempt to leave for
the evening and the child feels abandoned,
powerless, and uncared for.
Indeed, an entire generation of children
was raised by a book that dictated
feeding hours and parents were
encouraged to avoid reinforcing the
child's crying for food at other times.
Consequently, thousands of children
were left crying in the dark for food.
Regardless of the fact that language
was not yet encoded, arguably, this
situation set up certain emotional
nodes regarding "Self," "Suffering,"
and "Others." The EMDR model posits
that the wide variety of childhood
experiences are neurological touchstones
for many dysfunctions.
Some clients, because of very difficult life experience, have low affect tolerance; that is, they are unable to endure, even briefly, their own intensely disturbing post-traumatic images and affect. For these clients, the therapeutic benefits of EMDR are blocked because of an automatic response of overwhelming terror or disorientation, often accompanied by a loss of objectivity or adult perspective. For these individuals, the experience is not so much one of remembering, but of emotionally reliving their trauma. Understandably, when this occurs, the client may being to “numb out,” dissociate, or consciously avoid thinking of the material.
Conjoint use of systemic family therapy and EMDR is examined.
A young adult in the "leaving home" phase of the family life cycle, affected by panic attacks and concomitant anxious/depressive disorder has been treated following the systemic approach , with family sessions and individual sessions including the use of EMDR at specific times.
The clinical case is taken as an example for theoretical and practical considerations and for the analysis of the possible integration of the two approaches. This analysis underlines the use of EMDR as a "stimulating factor" in different moments of the family therapy treatment.
EMDR helped to focus and elaborate a strong but undefined feeling of serious personal danger in the young identified patient and, on the other side, it helped to define clusters of cognitive conflicts which prevented the development of more adaptive behaviors.
Elements that suggest a careful and skillful use of EMDR are presented together with the corresponding need for minor modifications, if associated with family therapy.
The aspect of timing individual sessions with EMDR is also considered. The problem of how to interweave elements deriving from EMDR sessions and contents deriving from family sessions is discussed and useful hints about the integration are suggested.
[Author abstract]
Explores the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with children and adolescents. The book demystifies the application of EMDR for children, from the first session with the parents to later sessions with children at all developmental stages. The adult protocol is modified so that it can be applied to children as young as two years old (and possibly younger). A system of classification of childhood trauma allows therapists to predict a child's response to EMDR is presented. Myriad cases illustrate the use of EMDR with various traumas. Many examples of simple traumas are presented, including automobile accidents, lightning strikes, bereavement, and specific phobias such as a fear of animals. In addition, cases illustrate success with complex traumas, where aspects of the trauma are ongoing and EMDR becomes part of several possible therapeutic interventions. EMDR is also discussed as an intervention for children who have problems that are not caused by trauma. Case illustrations show how EMDR can be used with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, depressive, or reactive attachment disorders as well as learning difficulties and somatoform disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Los Objetivos del taller serán adquirir mayor
eficiencia trabajando sobre trauma en niños:
• Como tomar la historia del niño a través de
los padres y detectar situaciones traumáticas.
• Los estresores traumáticos en el niño y su
diferencia con el adulto.
The objectives of the workshop will become more
efficiency work on trauma in children:
• How to take the child's history through
parents and detect traumatic situations.
• traumatic stressors in children and
difference with the adult.
Cet article rapporte les résultats de deux expériences qui examinent chacune un protocole EMDR (désensibilisation
et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires) différent pour le trouble obsessionnel-compulsif
(TOC), chacune avec deux jeunes participants masculins adultes présentant un TOC sans rémission
de longue date. Deux adaptations du protocole pour la phobie de Shapiro (2001) ont été développées
à partir de la perspective théorique selon laquelle le TOC est un trouble qui s’autoperpétue, avec des
compulsions et des obsessions TOC ainsi que des déclencheurs présents qui renforcent et maintiennent
le trouble. Les deux adaptations commencent par viser les obsessions et compulsions actuelles, plutôt
que de travailler sur des souvenirs passés ; l’une des stratégies retarde la phase d’installation cognitive
tandis que l’autre utilise la lecture mentale d’une vidéo dans la désensibilisation des déclencheurs.
Les quatre participants ont bénéficié de 14–16 séances d’une heure, sans tâche à effectuer entre les
rendez-vous. Ils ont été évalués à l’aide de l’Echelle obsessionnelle compulsive de Yale-Brown (Yale-
Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale [Y-BOCS]), avec des scores lors du prétraitement dans la gamme
extrême (moyenne 5 35,3). Une amélioration des symptômes était rapportée par les participants après
2 ou 3 séances. Les scores lors du post-traitement étaient dans la gamme infraclinique/légère pour tous
les participants (moyenne 5 8,5). Des évaluations de suivi ont été réalisées après 4–6 mois, indiquant
le maintien des effets thérapeutiques (moyenne 5 7,5). La diminution des symptômes était de 70,4%
lors du post-traitement et de 76,1% lors du suivi pour le protocole EMDR adapté pour les phobies et de
81,4% lors du post-traitement et du suivi pour le protocole EMDR adapté pour les phobies avec lecture
vidéo. Les implications théoriques sont examinées et des recherches futures sont recommandées.
This article reports the results of two experiments, each investigating a different eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) protocol for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and each with two young adult male participants with long-standing unremitting OCD. Two adaptations of Shapiro’s (2001) phobia protocol were developed, based on the theoretical view that OCD is a self-perpetuating disorder, with OCD compulsions and obsessions and current triggers reinforcing and maintaining the disorder. Both adaptations begin by addressing current obsessions and compulsions, instead of working on past memories; one strategy delays the cognitive installation phase; the other uses mental video playback in the desensitization of triggers. The four participants received 14–16 one-hour sessions, with no assigned homework. They were assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), with scores at pretreatment in the extreme range (mean 5 35.3). Symptom improvement was reported by participants after 2 or 3 sessions. Scores at posttreatment were in the subclinical/mild range for all participants (mean 5 8.5). Follow-up assessments were conducted at 4–6 months, indicating maintenance of treatment effects (mean 5 7.5). Symptom reduction was 70.4% at posttreatment and 76.1% at follow-up for the Adapted EMDR Phobia Protocol and 81.4% at posttreatment and at follow-up for the Adapted EMDR Phobia Protocol with Video Playback. Theoretical implications are discussed, and future research is recommended.
The transpersonal nature of pre/perinatal life enhances healing of trauma from this early time with the use of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). EMDR has been acclaimed as being an extremely effective therapeutic method for healing trauma (Shapiro, 1997, 2001, 2002). EMDR has also been recognized as having transpersonal potentials associated with its use (Shapiro, 2002; Parnell, 1996, 1997). This article presents three adult cases in which EMDR has assisted healing of pre/perinatal trauma. The transpersonal dimension of healing in these cases is a significant focus of this article.
This article explores the nature of the unborn child's transpersonal dimensions, including pre-existence, reincarnation, development of the body in utero, prenatal memory, and role at birth. Ancient to modern texts, research and casework are sources of perspectives mentioned. The paper addresses what may be happening in the pre/perinatal experience as well as what can happen in one type of therapy, (i.e., EMDR, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), to facilitate healing of pre/perinatal trauma. Concluding comments will reflect an adult client's transpersonal experiences and spiritual unfolding rendered during therapy for healing pre/perinatal trauma.
Third World Congress for Psychotherapy, Jul, 2002, Vienna, Austria, Material for this paper was originally prepared and partially presented orally, with transparencies, at the aforementioned conference under the title of Psycho-Spiritual Dimensions of Healing Prenatal and Perinatal Trauma with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in Adults (MacLean, 2002).
Las estadísticas acerca del maltrato físico de los niños son alarmantes. Se estima que
cientos de miles de niños han recibido abuso y maltrato a manos de sus padres o parientes.
Los que sobreviven el abuso, viven marcados por el trauma emocional, que perdura mucho
después de que las consecuencias físicas hayan desaparecido. A menudo el daño emocional
severo a los niños maltratados no se refleja hasta la adolescencia, o aún más tarde, cuando
muchos de estos niños maltratados se convierten en padres abusivos y comienzan a
maltratar a sus propios hijos. El reconocer y dar tratamiento inmediato es importante para
minimizar los efectos a largo plazo causados por el abuso o maltrato físico.
En este sentido, en los últimos años venimos trabajando con menores que han sido
víctimas de abuso, negligencia, violencia familiar o abandono. El abordaje terapéutico
desde el EMDR se muestra como un paradigma muy eficaz a la hora de trabajar con niños y
menores. El trabajo con la red de recuerdos y el reprocesamiento de recuerdos traumáticos
ayuda a su recuperación. A través de los dibujos que los niños han ido haciendo en las
sesiones se observa como el reprocesamiento en el niño es diferente al del adulto. Además
la etapa del desarrollo del niño interfiere tanto en el modo de procesar información
traumática como en la construcción de los recuerdos y su posterior reprocesamiento. Por
lo que los protocolos de EMDR en el niño son diferentes a los del adulto para que sean
igualmente eficaces.
En esta comunicación se presenta el protocolo de trabajo para tratar a los menores
víctimas de abuso, desarrollado desde la perspectiva de EMDR, exhibiendo cómo funciona
el protocolo a través de la presentación de los datos que se han ido recogiendo durante la
aplicación del programa de intervención.
The statistics on physical child abuse are alarming. It is estimated that
hundreds of thousands of children are physically abused by their parents or relatives.
Those who survive abuse, living marked by the emotional trauma remains long
after the physical consequences are gone. Often the emotional damage
severely abused children is not reflected until adolescence or even later, when
many of these abused children become abusive parents and begin to
abuse their own children. Early recognition and treatment is important for
minimize long-term effects caused by abuse or physical abuse.
In this regard, in recent years we have been working with children who have been
victims of abuse, neglect, family violence or neglect. The therapeutic approach
from the EMDR appears as a very effective paradigm for working with children and
minors. Working with the memory network and reprocessing of traumatic memories
aid their recovery. Through drawings children have been doing in the
sessions were observed as the reprocessing in children is different from the adult. also
stage of child development interfere much in the way of processing information
traumatic as the construction of memories and subsequent reprocessing. by what EMDR protocols in children are different from the adult to be
equally effective. In this paper we present the working protocol for dealing with juveniles
victims of abuse, developed from the perspective of EMDR, showing how protocol through the presentation of the data have been collected during the implementation of the intervention program.
Describiremos el caso de una paciente adulta que después de una experiencia traumática en un parto de alto riesgo (parto que se presentó con placenta previa), con parada cardio-respiratoria en quirófano, desarrolló una fobia específica a la sangre con ataques de pánico. Cinco años más tarde de la experiencia traumática y de tener síntomas, fue tratada en nuestro servicio en una sola sesión con EMDR de dos horas. El resultado se pudo contrastar al salir de la sesión, pues al llegar a su trabajo, la paciente tuvo que curar a un operario que se había atravesado la mano con un clavo sin que la paciente sufriera los síntomas de ansiedad que anteriormente tenía.
In this article we will describe the case of adult blood phobia, who after a traumatic experience during very risky birth giving (with previous placenta), with cardiopulmonary arrest in the operating room, developed a specific blood phobia with panic attacks. Five years after the traumatic experience, the patient was treated in our consultancy during one two hours session with EMDR. The result were immediately, because when the patient came home after the session, she had to help a worker to take out a nail he had hammered in his hand, without suffering any of the anxiety symptoms she always had before.
Because of their vulnerability children as well as adults
with developmental disorders are supposed to be at greater risk to suffer from the disruptive effects of trauma or cumulating
negative life events. Resulting psychopathology or behavioral
problems might bring them into contact with institutional psychiatric
or educational care.
On the basis of four video-illustrated clinical vignettes various aspects
according the use of EMDR are discussed.
Institutionalization in itself can be traumatizing as shown by
EMDR treatment of an adult with autism and traumatic memories
of being outplaced and long-term isolated.
Outplacement might be a consequence of untreated trauma. EMDR
can relieve suffering as shown by the treatment of a 12-year
old boy with behavioral problems who's family ties were broken.
Outplacement can be traumatic and as a consequence block
personal growth as illustrated by the case of a 48-year old man
with mild to moderate intellectual disability and autism, who
had been institutionalized at the age of 8.
Desperate parents regain educational skills by using a combination
of EMDR and intensive psychiatric family support as illustrated
by the case of an 8 years old girl with supposed multi-complex
developmental disorder (McDD).
Adaptations of the standard protocol might be necessary when
using EMDR in patients with psychiatric disorders as shown in
two of the cases that will be presented.
As posttraumatic stress symptoms can be manifested differently
in this population there is a risk of diagnostic errors.
Learning objectives: Participants take note of possibilities to
make EMDR beneficial to the institutionalized population; are
able to identify adaptations to the EMDR protocol required by
particular needs of clients with developmental disorders; are
able to use EMDR to help parents to overcome the trauma of
having a child with developmental disorders; become aware of
nonspecific symptoms of trauma in this special population.
In a project carried out by Trauma Aid-HAP Germany between 2007 and 2009 and sponsored by Terre des Hommes
and the German Official Development Assistance more than 3200 adult and child clients were treated
for mental disorders related to traumatic experiences after the Tsunami in 2004 and the civil war in Aceh/
Indonesia.
An accompanying monitoring and research component provided detailed diagnostic data before and after therapy.
This guided both the therapeutic process, and the training process in psychotraumatology. Also with this
component the long term effectiveness of the interventions was assessed. In turn these findings were related to
various traumatic events, socio-economic conditions and other non-psychological factors that influenced therapy
outcome. Particular attention was paid to a variety of cultural implications entailed in using therapies such as
EMDR in a non-Western, deeply religious and traditional context. Main results, implications for further research
and future intervention strategies will be addressed.
EMDR
is
being
successful
in
treatment
of
individuals
with
affect
dysregulation
from
early
traumatic
experience
included
prenatal
and
birth
traumatic
experiences.
There
is
a
body
of
scientific
investigation
and
knowledge
on
prenatal
experience
and
trauma,
and
that
indeed
we
do
experience
and
are
influenced
by
our
environment
in
the
womb.
We
can
learn
from
such
experience,
and
therefore,
can
be
traumatized
prior
to
birth.
The
prenatal
self
can
feel
and
record
this
experience.
Some
researchers
point
that
there
is
a
pre-‐traumatic
experience
at
the
embryonic
stage
that
could
let
somatic
memories
in
the
brain.
In
some
individuals,
reactivation
of
this
pre-‐traumatic
experience
provokes
some
clinical
disorders
as
specific
phobia.
We
present
two
clinical
cases
of
phobia
treated
with
EMDR,
one
of
them
is
a
child
with
fireworks
phobia
and
the
other
one
is
an
adult
with
agoraphobia.
EMDR
ha
sido
un
tratamiento
exitoso
en
individuos
con
desregulaciones
desde
una
experiencia
traumática
temprana,
incluyendo
los
traumas
prenatales
y
del
nacimiento.
Existe
un
cuerpo
de
investigación
científica
y
conocimiento
acerca
de
la
experiencia
prenatal
y
el
trauma,
y
de
hecho,
tenemos
experiencias
que
están
influenciadas
por
nuestro
ambiente
en
el
útero.
Podemos
aprender
de
ese
tipo
de
experiencias
y,
por
tanto,
ser
traumatizados
antes
del
nacimiento.
El
yo
prenatal
puede
sentir
y
grabar
esta
experiencia.
Muchos
investigadores
señalan
que
existe
una
experiencia
pre-‐traumática
en
el
estado
embrionario
que
permite
los
recuerdos
somáticos
en
el
cerebro.
En
algunos
individuos,
la
reactivación
de
esta
experiencia
pre-‐traumática
provoca
algunas
patologías
clínicas
y
fobias
específicas.
Presentamos
dos
casos
clínicos
de
fobia
tratada
con
EMDR,
uno
de
ellos
es
un
niño
con
miedo
a
los
petardos
y
el
otro
es
un
adulto
que
sufre
de
agorafobia.
Participants will learn to use EMDR with ego state therapy to treat adult attachment issues, such as inability to receive or provide nurturing and inability to self-soothe. Participants will learn to use EMDR in conjunction with parent-child holding to strengthen an insecure bond.
Participants will: 1) be able to describe the specific effects of poor quality attachments on emotional and social functioning in children and adults; 2) be able to describe how problem attachments are transmitted generationally; 3) learn to identify core negative cognitions related to specific types of attachment problems; 4) learn to utilize ego state work in order to strengthen the adult self and develop a self-soothing dialogue prior to the reprocessing of emotionally-laden material; 4) learn to utilize EMDR to help parents understand and change their distorted perceptions and ineffective responses with their children; and 6) learn how to coach parents in providing support and attunement in the child's reprocessing as a way of strengthening the attachment bond.
Using EMDR as an integrative therapeutic approach from an attachment and developmental trauma lens, this presentation will give practical strategies for treating clients with Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) symptoms who have experienced Ritual Abuse and Mind Control (RA/MC). Infant disorganized attachment is an important precursor to adult dissociation and perhaps even more of a predictor of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) than severe trauma alone (van der Kolk). RA/MC programming will be explained so the clinician understands the layers of complexity in treating these dissociative symptoms and ego states.
Background:
Initial studies have shown that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be effectivelytreated in patients with a psychotic disorder. These studies however used adapted treatment protocols, avoided direct exposure to trauma related stimuli or preceded treatment with stabilizing techniques making treatment considerably longer in duration.
Method:
An open trial in which adult subjects with a psychotic disorder and a comorbid PTSD (n = 27) received a maximum of six Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy sessions. PTSD symptoms, psychotic symptoms and additional symptoms were assessed at baseline and end-of-treatment.
Results:
The dropout rate was 18.5 percent (five subjects). Only five of the twenty-two completers (22.7%) still met criteria for PTSD after treatment. PTSD symptoms, auditory verbal hallucinations, delusions, anxiety, depression, and self-esteem all improved significantly. Paranoid ideation and feelings of hopelessness did not improve significantly. Treatment did not lead to symptom exacerbation in subjects. There were no adverse events, such as suicide attempts, self-mutilation, aggressive behavior or admission to a general or psychiatric hospital.
Conclusions:
This pilot study shows that a short EMDR therapy is effective and safe in the treatment of PTSD in subjects with a psychotic disorder. Treatment of PTSD has a positive effect on auditory verbal hallucinations, delusions, anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and self-esteem. EMDR can be applied to this group of patients without adapting the treatment protocol or delaying treatment by preceding it with stabilizing interventions.
An adult male experiencing symptoms of depression was administered five discrete
treatments based upon Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). The first
treatment was with the ocular hand-tracking described by Shapiro (1995), the next four
were computerized simulations. Each method showed effectiveness in reduction of selfreported
depressive symptoms immediately following treatment. No appreciable difference
was shown between ocular hand-tracking and isomorphic computer simulations; marginal
difference, however, was shown between left-right tracking (either in vivo or computerized
simulation) and frontal presentation of visual stimuli. The results suggest a nontrivial effect
of the treatment(s), and in particular suggest the left-right tracking component of the
treatment merits further study.
Attrition or dropout is the failure of a participant to complete, comply, or the prematurely discontinuation or discharge from treatment, resulting in lost data and affecting outcomes. This review of 10 years of adult posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment outcome literature specific to Criterion A events of human origin examines how attrition is defined and addressed, methodologically and statistically. Of the 13 experimental or quasi-experimental studies, 11 report attrition information. Compared to treatment completers, attriters more often had elevated pretest scores on PTSD and other symptom measures. The characteristics of dropouts given the intentional nature of the traumatic events reviewed in this study are shared to inform clinical practice. Recommendations for consistent methods in examining, analyzing, and interpreting treatment outcome data are also discussed.
A single-case analysis was used to assess the effects of imaginal exposure in a 57-year-old
woman suffering from current and reactivated post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following a
transient ischemic attack. The client’s responses to self-reported depression, anxiety, and PTSD
symptoms were repeatedly recorded during four phases: (a) initial psychotherapy, (b) imaginal
exposure, (c) skill generalization, and (d) fading of treatment. In addition to dramatic reduction
in levels of depression and anxiety, results showed a significant improvement in PTSD symptoms
relating to recent and remote traumatic experiences. Improvements were maintained approximately
16 months after imaginal exposure ended, despite ongoing external stressors.
Background: In patients with co-morbid obsessive−compulsive disorder (OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), repetitive behavior patterns, rituals, and compulsions may ward off anxiety and often function as a coping strategy to control reminders of traumatic events. Therefore, addressing the traumatic event may be crucial for successful treatment of these symptoms.
Objective: In this case report, we describe a patient with comorbid OCD and PTSD who underwent pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.
Methods: Case Report. A 49-year-old Dutch man was treated for severe PTSD and moderately severe OCD resulting from anal rape in his youth by an unknown adult man.
Results: The patient was treated with paroxetine (60 mg), followed by nine psychotherapy sessions in which eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and exposure and response prevention (ERP) techniques were applied. During psychotherapy, remission of the PTSD symptoms preceded remission of the OCD symptoms.
Conclusions: This study supports the idea of a functional connection between PTSD and OCD. Successfully processing the trauma results in diminished anxiety associated with trauma reminders and subsequently decreases the need for obsessive−compulsive symptoms.
Despite a large number of well-controlled studies there continues to be considerable skepticism about the specificity of EMDR's usefulness at a treatment of PTSD. It therefore was gratifying that the National institutes of Mental Health in the USA funded the first study to compare a proven psychological treatment (EMDR) with a proven pharmacological agent, Prozac, and the first to use a pill placebo group. Both Prozac and pill placebo did very well in this study - once again demonstrating the power of the placebo response in PTSD. EMDR did significantly better than the placebo after 8 weeks of treatment. After the end of treatment the EMDR group continued to improve, to the point that six months later 60% of the EMDR was entirely asymptomatic, compared with none in the Prozac group. However, the group with adult onset trauma did markedly better than the childhood onset group. The data on how EMDR differentially affected memory of the trauma give another glimpse into possible modes of action of this treatment. This Plenary will discuss issues of research, treatment outcome, the therapeutic relationship, the Impact of trauma at different levels of development, the nature of traumatic memory, and the emerging understanding of how EMDR may effect its therapeutic action.
This workshop presents a developmental model that is an integration of the three areas that can be utilized when formulating your understanding and treatment of your adult EMDR clients: developmental neurobiology (presented in a simple and down to earth manner), plus development of increasingly sophisticated coping and relating skills that result from the maturing brain, plus relevant traumatology. Participants should be able to then utilize this integrated developmental model to better identify key nodes, targets and interweaves for EMDR processing.
This hour and a half presentation addresses the use of cognitive and imaginal interweaves in the treatment of adult survivors of
sexual abuse. The overall course of treatment with EMDR is briefly outlined including a variety of interweave interventions for use
in the beginning, middle and end of EMDR sessions.
In working with sexual abuse survivors with EMDR it is important to understand the issues commonly encountered in their
treatment. These include issues of safety, trust, responsibility, choice/control, interpersonal relationships, body awareness and
image, sexuality and self esteem. A sexual abuse assessment can be taken which includes information on the perpetrator(s), severity
and frequency of abuse, type of abuse, age of onset of abuse, duration of abuse, disclosure and family response.
Sexual abuse survivors present themselves in treatment in different ways. Some clients come to treatment remembering abuse and
want to clear it with EMDR. Other clients come to treatment with no clear memories of incidents but have a "feeling" something
happened to them and have symptoms of abuse. There are clients who have no clear memories but something has triggered
flashbacks and nightmares of sexual abuse. Finally, there are clients who have no memory of abuse and come to therapy for another
reason but uncover what they believe to be sexual abuse memories with EMDR.
There are three phases of treatment in sexual abuse cases. In the beginning phase, a history is taken and there is the establishment
of a trusting relationship. The client is prepared for EMDR. In the middle phase, there is the reprocessing and working through of
traumatic memories and transference work. In the end phase of treatment there is integration of the information which has been
uncovered and preparation for life outside of therapy.
Interweaves can be utilized in the beginning, middle and end of EMDR sessions.
In the beginning of individual EMDR sessions there is a check-in with clients to see how they have been doing during the week.
What has come up for them in their dreams or daily life since the last session? Next there is the selection and development of targets
for EMDR (body sensation, memory, flashback, symptom, dream, feeling, vague sense, negative cognition or drawing).
A safe place is then established where the client can go at the beginning, middle or end of the session as needed. Along with the
safe place an inner advisor or other inner resources can be contacted and developed for use in sessions. A connection with the
client's inner child is important which can be done through the use of guided imagery, photographs and/or artwork.
Instructions on how EMDR will be used are given with attention paid to issues of safety and control (they are in control, they can
stop at any time, they can return to the safe place, they know the signal for stop). Negative and positive cognitions are established
along with the EMDR protocol.
In the middle of individual EMDR sessions there are commonly problems with looping or being "stuck." This seems to occur
frequently with sexual abuse survivors because of the intensity of the trauma and because the child self is often frozen in time
lacking access to the adult self's information. Ways to work with this include looking for the blocking beliefs (i.e., The perpetrator
can hurt me), look for blocking images, and talking to the child part (what does he/she need?).
Imaginal and cognitive interweaves can be used in a variety of different ways in the middle of EMDR sessions. Some of these
include: imagining the adult self helping the child self in the traumatic scene, bringing in inner and outer resources for help (i.e., a
powdl imaginary being, a strong loving fiend, the therapist, etc.), and reality check interweave where is the perpetrator now?, can
helshe hurt you now?) It is also important to educate the child part that his or her feelings are normal, sexual feelings are normal etc.
It can be helpful to ask the adult self to talk to the child self explaining things to the child. Another useful interweave is to have the
adult self hold the perpetrator and allow the child to beat him or her up or have the adult self beat up the perpetrator allowing anger
to be expressed safely. Asking clients if they would like to return to the safe place for a break can also be helpful if they are feeling
too overwhelmed.
There are a number of ways to end or close incomplete EMDR sessions. Often it will not be possible to completely clear a traumatic
memory in a session or the memory worked on is completed but connected to a whole network of other traumatic events. For these
cases there are a number of interweaves that can be used. Clients can be requested to have the adult self comfort the child self in the .
safe place. The client can imagine putting the scary unfinished disturbance that has been uncovered in a file folder, box, safe, leave
it in the therapist's office, etc. The client can return to the safe place where the child and adult selves can play together. The adult
can comfort the child or do whatever is needed to create safety and containment. Clients can imagine their child self being held by
protector figures repeating cognitions related to safety, responsibility and choice. They can also be asked what they learned from the
session, installing their response with eye movements.
It is helpful to give homework to clients such as journaling, artwork, walks in nature, meditation, stress reduction, group work,
exercise, nutritious diet, and restriction of drugs and alcohol. Loving Kindness or Metta Meditation is another very helpful tool for
teaching self soothihg to adult survivors of sexual abuse.
In this chapter, the use of the genogram is highlighted as a tool for couple or family assessment, to determine therapeutic options, and to intervene. Typical symbols used and questions asked for the purpose of building the genogram are described. Several cases are presented, the first of which illustrates the intertwining of assessment and intervention in couple's therapy. The second case presents the challenge of interviewing and drawing a genogram of a family where there are multiple partners, children by different partners, and complex relationship dynamics. The third case shows both the biological and adoptive families of one adult. In the portrayal of the cases, points of referral for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy are noted. Adaptations of the traditional genogram, including socially constructed genograms, projective genograms, and community genograms, are discussed along with limitations of the genogram technique. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
"Using EMDR in Complex PTSD and Adult Attachment Disorders" was presented as a part of a symposium organized by Bessel A. van der Kolk, M.D with additional papers by Francine Shapiro, Ph.D., Friedhelm Lamprecht, MD and Bessel A. van der Kolk, M.D., at the 1999 American Psychiatric Association (May 19) in Washington, DC.
This talk frames the use of Resource Development and Installation in the larger historical context of ego strengthening and briefly reviews theoretical and neurobiological correlates hypothesized to be involved in the application of RDI. The case material presented is similar to that presented in 1997 and 1998 EMDRIA presentations.
This workshop will provide a framework for treating complex PTSD (CPTSD) using EMDR. It will review core elements of PTSD, the three added features characteristic of CPTSD, then demonstrate EMDR case conceptualization and targeting strategies for both adult- and childhood-onset chronic traumatization. The workshop will review new material in the theory of structural dissociation, describe how to recognize when dissociation (including ego-states) is interfering, disrupting, or even precluding EMDR in its different phases, and will provide a number of interventions to manage such dissociation, including working with dissociative ego-states, so that the EMDR can proceed productively.
Since describing an evolving approach
to using EMDR with children
(Greenwald, 1993), I have become
aware of a subtle problem in confirming
that a child has completed the
processing of a memory. This may
occur whether the full adult protocol
is used, or a more abbreviated imagery-
focused adaptation is chosen.
Integrating Focusing-Oriented Therapy with EMDR in the treatment of an adult survivor of childhood sexual abuse. The case description illustrates a natural fit between a felt sense approach and the EMDR protocol.
Personality is a multiplicity, encompassing many different states of mind. Ego state is a useful term describing a state of mind in which certain thoughts, feelings, and behaviors tend to operate together. The well-functioning adult will shift ego states are needed to adapt to the roles required by the environment. In an individual raised with healthy attachments and normal development, the shift between ego states does not create discontinuity or confusion of experience. The boundaries of the core self, or core ego expand to include the differentiated ego states, and the boundaries of the differentiated ego states are permeable (Watkins & Watkins, 1997). This allows the individual to maintain a healthy integration of ego states and a continuity of identity.
Sexual addiction is strongly anchored in shame and trauma. Research conducted over the last fifteen years has consistently shown the prevalence of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse in this population. The resultant trauma can present as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has become a leading method of intervention with trauma and PTSD with effective results in an extremely short time. This paper will examine the issues of trauma in the etiology and treatment of sexual addiction. The use of EMDR as a specific intervention will be highlighted through the use of a clinical case study.
Vajinismus kadının vajina kaslarındaki istemsiz kasılmalar nedeniyle hiçbir şekilde cinsel ilişkinin gerçekleşemediği
bir cinsel işlev bozukluğudur. Vajinismus için temel tanı kriteri vajinanın dış üçte birindeki kaslarda koitusu
engelleyecek, yineleyici bir biçimde ya da istem dışı spazmın olması olarak tanımlanmıştır. Birçok olguda ağrı ya da
ağrının olabileceğine ilişkin korku vajinismusun ortaya çıkması ve sürmesine neden olmaktadır.
Bu yazıda, çocukluk çağında geçirilmiş cinsel travmaya bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan iki vajinismus olgusunun Göz
Hareketleri ile Duyarsızlaştırma ve Yeniden İşleme (Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing-EMDR) tekniği
ile tedavisi sunulacaktır. EMDR ağırlıklı olarak ruhsal travma tedavisinde kullanılan bir tedavi tekniğidir. EMDR
tekniğinin etkinliği, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, cinsel travma mağdurları gibi birçok grupta yapılan randomize
kontrollü çalışmalarla gösterilmiştir. Her iki olguda da standart olarak sekiz aşamalı EMDR protokolü uygulanmıştır.
3 seanslık EMDR seansı sonrasında her iki olguda da hem kaygı düzeylerinde azalma, hem de cinsel ilişkiye
yönelik işlevsel olmayan düşüncelerin ortadan kalktığı görüldü ve vajinismus sorunu ortadan kalktı. Bu çalışmada
sunulan iki olgudan hareketle, travmanın neden olduğu vajinismus olgularında EMDR’nin alternatif bir tedavi
tekniği olarak etkili olabileceği söylenebilir.
Vaginismus is a type of sexual dysfunction in which spasm of the vaginal musculature prevents penetrative intercourse. The main diagnostic criterion is the presence of recurrent or persistent involuntary spasm of the musculature of the outer third of the vagina that interferes with sexual intercourse. In many cases associated pain or the fear of pain may contribute to its persistence. Herein we report 2 patients that presented with vaginismus that developed secondary to childhood sexual trauma, which was treated with the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) technique. EMDR is a non-pharmacologic treatment for psychological trauma. Randomized controlled trials with posttraumatic stress disorder patients and with victims of sexual abuse have shown that EMDR is effective. The standard 8-phase EMDR protocol was used in both of the presented cases. Following 3 sessions of EMDR, the patients exhibited a substantial reduction in self-reported and clinician-rated anxiety, and a reduction in the credibility of dysfunctional beliefs concerning sexual intercourse. These findings support the notion that EMDR could be an effective treatment alternative for patients with vaginismus of traumatic etiology.
The watch wait and wonder (www) approach to parental
and infant mental health was developed in Toronto over the last 20 years. In the last few
years a number of therapists have set up www clinics in the UK. We have been running a
joint EMDR and www clinic in the North West since Jan 2007. As far as we know this is the
only clinic to offer trauma focussed psychotherapy together with infant mental health in
either the UK or Ireland.
Over the last 12 months the service has developed as a combined clinic between Adult
mental health and child & adolescent mental health services. The team comprises myself
and my colleagues Dr Sheena Pollet and Thelma Osborn. Dr Pollet is a consultant
psychiatrist in psychotherapy and also practices as a psychoanalyst. She initially receives
referrals from the access and advice team or directly from the adult inpatient unit. Thelma
Osborn practises as a specialist health visitor in primary care and is employed by the
Primary Care Trust (PCT). She runs both individual and group psychotherapy for mothers
referred with post natal depression. She has recently completed basic EMDR training
(2008-9)
I have integrated EMDR and sensorimotor psychotherapy with mindfulness and trauma
focussed psychotherapy in a new theoretical paradigm which I have termed integrated
reprocessing therapy (IRT). I will outline the use of this approach where traumatic births
and neonatal vulnerabilities are a key feature of the presentation
Recommendations for the development of parent infant mental health and a tier 3
perinatal mental health services within the 5 Boroughs Partnership Foundation Trust will
be outlined.
It's important to remember that there are different types of treatments being used for veterans. There are three evidence-based models of psychotherapy that have been deemed efficacious as a category "A" (top rating) in the treatment of adult trauma. They are Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) and Prolonged Exposure (PE). However, each of these forms of therapy has its unique approach in treating trauma. Those differences can affect the outcomes with individuals seeking therapy. If veterans have had a poor experience in treatment they should not be discouraged but rather seek other options. I'll be discussing the therapies and their differences in the future. [Excerpt]
It is well recognised that child abuse can result in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in a developing child. One of the outcomes of trauma is the development of irrational, self-denigrating cognitions or beliefs which helps that child survive and protects (that child) from further damage. However, these cognitions can become the overriding beliefs driving behaviour well into adulthood, this providing the basis for much adult behaviour, including behaviour in relationships. Some individuals find relationships traumatic and have difficulty coping with them. If their experience of childhood relationships was traumatic, then entering into any relationship can trigger emotions associated with the earlier trauma. In working with couples over a long period of time it has been found that it is the negative self-referencing cognitions held by one or both (usually both) partners that are responsible for much of the disagreement and dysfunction occurring with the relationship. At first it is the positive interaction between the two belief systems that unites the couple, but it is this same interaction that later becomes negative and eventually causes conflict typically one to two years following marriage. Once the negative cognitions have been identified, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has been shown to be successful in being able to resolve the original traumas and to transform negative cognitions into more positive self-referencing cognitions as well as assist in the assimilation of more positive beliefs within each individual, thus producing changed behaviours and a resolution of some major relationship issues. EMDR can be used to empower individuals in a relationship to create the major shifts necessary to enable them to increase the possibility of a more functional relationship.
Veel van de kinderen die in hun vroege kinderjaren herhaaldelijk zijn blootgesteld aan traumatische ervaringen, worden uit huis geplaatst. De gevolgen van de traumatisering zijn meestal ernstig en vergaand doordat het de organisatie van de in ontwikkeling zijnde hersenen negatief beinvloedt. Voor herstel van complex trauma is individuele traumagerichte therapie niet genoeg. Kinderen hebben heel veel nieuwe (herstellende) ervaringen nodig om weer vertrouwen te krijgen in zichzelf, de ander en de wereld om hen heen. De thuissituatie biedt hiertoe de beste mogelijkheden mits de opvoeders goed af kunnen stemmen op wat het kind nodig heeft.
De training ‘Zorgen voor getraumatiseerde kinderen’ biedt opvoeders en begeleiders onmisbare informatie over de effecten van traumatisering op het dagelijks functioneren van hun kind en de relatie die zij als belangrijke volwassene met hun kind ontwikkelen. (Pleeg-)ouders en andere belangrijke volwassenen in het leven van het kind kunnen hierdoor meer doen aan het herstel van hun kind en raken minder snel uitgeput, wat de kans op (nog) een uithuisplaatsing verkleint. De training is gebaseerd op recente wetenschappelijke inzichten die op een overzichtelijke en concrete manier zijn verwerkt in o.a. powerpoint dia’s, casusbeschrijvingen en oefeningen. De training is oorspronkelijk ontwikkeld door de National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN). Leony Coppens en Carina van Kregten hebben de training bewerkt en vertaald voor de Nederlandse situatie.
In de workshop is aandacht voor de eerste ervaringen met de training in het veld. Daarnaast wordt er ingegaan op achtergronden bij de onderwerpen die in de training aan bod komen en kunnen deelnemers aan de workshop ervaring opdoen met de oefeningen uit de training.
Many of the children in their early childhood repeatedly exposed to traumatic experiences, are from their homes. The effects of trauma are usually severe and largely because the organization of the developing brains negative influences. For repair of complex trauma trauma-focused individual therapy is not enough. Children have lots of new (healing) experience needed to regain confidence in themselves, others and the world around them. The home must establish best opportunities provided educators tightly to vote on what the child needs.
The training 'Caring for traumatized children "provides educators and counselors indispensable information about the effects of trauma on the daily functioning of their child and the relationship which they consider important to their adult child development. (Foster-) parents and other significant adults in the life of the child can therefore do more to restore their child and become less exhausted, the chance of (still) a placement reduces. The training is based on recent scientific insights in a clear and concrete way to digest in PowerPoint slides, case studies and exercises. The training was originally developed by the National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN). Leony Coppens and Carina of Kregten have the training edited and translated for the Dutch situation.
During the workshop's focus on the first experiences with the training in the field. In addition, examine the background to the topics covered in the training are discussed and participants in the workshop experience with the exercises from the workout.
Ziele: In der vorliegenden Studie untersuchten wir die Gesichts-affektive Verhalten
der akuten Altersdiabetes traumatisierten Patienten versus Kindheit traumatisierten-onset
Patienten. Darüber hinaus untersuchten wir, ob eine Abnahme der emotionalen Betäubung
resultiert aus einer Verringerung der Symptome. Wir verwendeten amnestischen Tendenzen als
Moderator variabel. Methode: Das mimisch affektive Verhalten wurde kodiert mit
Die Emotional Facial Coding System Acting, ein Instrument für die
Erfassung von mimischen mit emotionaler Bedeutung. Der Gesichtsausdruck
affektive Verhalten der Patienten das erste und letzte EMDR-Sitzungen wurde
verglichen. Ergebnisse: Kindheit und akute Verlaufsform Altersdiabetes traumatisiert
Patienten zeigten die gleiche Reduktion der gesamten Gesichts-Aktivität. Wir fanden
signifikant höhere psychische Beschwerden (Global Severity Index) (SCL-90-R)
in der Kindheit einsetzende traumatisierten Patienten und keinen Unterschied in amnestische
Tendenzen (FDS) zwischen den beiden Gruppen. Childhood-onset traumatisiert
Patienten zeigten höhere Werte von Realitätsverlust (FDS). Schlussfolgerungen: Die
mimisches Reduktion bleibt über die Zeit konstant. Auch Kindheit einsetzende
traumatisierten Patienten entwickelten mehr psychische Beschwerden und mehr
derealisat.
Objectives: In the present study we examined the facial affective behaviour
of acute adult-onset traumatized patients versus childhood-onset traumatized
patients. Furthermore, we analyzed whether a decrease in emotional numbing
results from a reduction of symptoms. We used amnestic tendencies as a
moderator variable. Methods: The facial affective behaviour was coded with
the Emotional Facial Acting Coding System, an instrument for the
registration of facial movements with emotional relevance. The facial
affective behaviour of the patient's first and last EMDR sessions was
compared. Results: Childhood-onset and acute adult-onset traumatized
patients showed the same reduction of overall facial activity. We found
significantly higher psychic complaints (global severity index) (SCL-90-R)
in childhood-onset traumatized patients and no difference in amnestic
tendencies (FDS) between the two groups. Childhood-onset traumatized
patients showed higher values of derealisation (FDS). Conclusions: The
facial affective reduction remains constant over time. Also childhood-onset
traumatized patients developed more psychic complaints and greater
derealisat.
Some people survive trauma only to find themselves continuing to live in
very real danger of further deliberate harm. This happens, for example, on
a large scale where the state uses repressive violence against communities
and at a personal level in many types of intra-familial violence, but there
are many other illustrations. One of the first steps that we often make as
therapists is to clarify that the traumatic experience has come to an end
and that the survivor is ready, and feels safe enough, to deal with the
emotional components of their past experiences. Victims of violence may
come from disadvantaged or minority groups in society and it is often
insufficient to rely only on the goodwill of the majority population to
achieve this sense of safety. It is essential that there should be human
rights policies with the force of law to protect vulnerable people and allow
them to achieve justice and a sense of efficacy. This year is the 60th
anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, an inspirational
document prepared after the Second World War, and yet, unfortunately,
human rights abuses remain all too common. The interplay between the
legal framework of human rights and the therapeutic framework of clinical
practice is not always straightforward to negotiate. Problems may occur,
for example, for refugees who escape from persecution but whose legal
cases in their new country of asylum take years to settle, children
experiencing continuing abuse but who are too afraid to talk, adult rape
survivors who feel too ashamed to disclose and who would expect a
prosecution to fail anyway. An ethical framework for our practice is
required which fully takes into account the therapeutic needs of the
survivor; their legal right to justice, protection and acknowledgment of
harm done; and their personal wishes.
Resource-georiënteerde groep EMDR in een Trauma-en EMDR-opleiding groep van inheemse helpers, die zelf te lijden van de oorlog in Bosnië-trauma-Herzigowina. De presentatie toont een succesvolle en indrukwekkende experiment van de EMDR-groep behandeling (22 volwassen helpers) na een nieuwe installatie ontwikkeld ressource protocoll door Lutz-Ulrich Besser, EMDRIA Trainer voor EMDR met kinderen, in verband met de EMDR-trauma-expositie en "4 vierkante verf -techniek ". Het experiment is reeds uitgevoerd in het jaar 2000 als een onderzoeks-en project te helpen door Robert H. Tinker Wilson en Sandra met de oorlog getraumatiseerde kinderen uit Kosovo wonen in een vluchtelingenkamp in Duitsland. Het zal niet alleen de techniek aan te tonen met foto's en "SUC-Werten" (subjectieve eenheden van comfort), maar toont ook de processieweg zoals de zaken er van negatieve naar positieve ontwikkeling in beelden, cognities, emoties en lichamelijke gevoelens. De "Sarajevo-Protocoll" en dat de mogelijkheid van EMDR behandeling in groepen zal zeer binnenkort het voorwerp uitmaken van een wetenschappelijke studie, georganiseerd door de ZPTN (Zentrum für Psychotraumatologie und Traumatherapie Niedersachsen), LMU München / Kinderklinik im Dr von Haunerschen Kinderspital en de stichting "Wings of Hope" Deutschland.
Resource oriented group-EMDR in a Trauma- and EMDR-Training group of native helpers who suffered themselves from war-trauma in Bosnia-Herzigowina. The presentation shows a successful and impressive experiment of EMDR group treatment (22 adult helpers) after a new developed ressource installation protocoll by Lutz-Ulrich Besser, EMDRIA Trainer for EMDR with children, in connection with EMDR-Trauma-Exposition and “4 square paint-technique”. The experiment has already been carried out in the year 2000 as a research- and help project by Robert H. Tinker and Sandra Wilson with war traumatised children from Kosovo living in a refugee camp in Germany. It will not only demonstrate the technique with pictures and “SUC-Werten”(subjective units of comfort) but also show the processional way as things develop from negative to positive in pictures, cognitions, emotions and physical feelings. The “Sarajevo-Protocoll” and with that the possibility of EMDR treatment in groups will be very shortly the subject of a scientific study organised by the ZPTN (Zentrum für Psychotraumatologie und Traumatherapie Niedersachsen), LMU München / Kinderklinik im Dr. von Haunerschen Kinderspital and the foundation “Wings of Hope” Deutschland.