Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links

EMDR Bibliography

Choose any combination of the search options below. If you do not wish to include an option in your search, leave the box blank, or select "Any."

Year:
Format:
Language:
Title of Article or Chapter:
Title of Book or Journal:
Author's Last Name:
Keywords:

All Items 7164 Results

5101. Morris-Smith, J. (2006, December). EMDR with children. Counselling Children and Young People, 24-26.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Joanne Morris-Smith reports on how European therapists are integrating Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing into their work with young people, resulting in accelerated resolution of maladaptive emotions, memories and behaviours.

Keywords: Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5102. Morrow, R. D. (2008). EMDR target tracking. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(1), 69-72. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.1.69.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This question is often asked by clinicians who are motivated to do a comprehensive job. It can be an organizational nightmare to keep track of the targets that require reprocessing in a longer, more complex case. It is a common experience that the best-laid treatment plans begin to get fuzzy after several reprocessing sessions, as it is impossible to predict each and every target prior to the onset of reprocessing.

Keywords: Targets Tracking

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5103. Mosquera, D., & González-Vázquez, A. (2012, March-April). Disturbo borderline di personalità, trauma e EMDR [Borderline personality disorder, trauma and EMDR]. Rivista di Psichiatria, 47(2 Suppl. 1):26S-32S. doi: 10.1708/1071.11736. .

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Gli autoriesaminano i diversi criteri diagnostici per il disturbo borderline di personalità, leggendoli secondo la prospettiva del modello dell’elaborazione adattiva dell’informazione e indicandoli come guida all’esplorazione e ricerca di ricordi traumatici di natura relazionale, che hanno a che fare con la storia di attaccamento e che possono essere affrontati grazie al lavoro terapeutico con l’EMDR.

The authors step by the diagnostic criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder, viewing them from the perspective of the Adaptive Information Processing e pointing them as a guide for exploration and search of traumatic interpersonal events connected to attachment story and which can be addressed by the therapeutic work with EMDR.

Keywords: Attachment Borderline Personality Disorder Complex PTSD C-PTSD Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5104. Munder, T., Fluckiger, C., Gerger, H., Wampold, B. E., & Barth, J. (2012, October). Is the allegiance effect an epiphenomenon of true efficacy differences between treatments? A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59(4), 631-637. doi:10.1037/a0029571.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Many meta-analyses of comparative outcome studies found a substantial association of researcher allegiance (RA) and relative treatment effects. Therefore, RA is regarded as a biasing factor in comparative outcome research (RA bias hypothesis). However, the RA bias hypothesis has been criticized as causality might be reversed. That is, RA might be a reflection of true efficacy differences between treatments (true efficacy hypothesis). Consequently, the RA-outcome association would not be indicative of bias but an epiphenomenon of true efficacy differences. This meta-analysis tested the validity of the true efficacy hypothesis. This was done by controlling the RA-outcome association for true efficacy differences by restricting analysis to direct comparisons of treatments with equivalent efficacy. We included direct comparisons of different versions of trauma-focused therapy (TFT) in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). RA was measured from the research reports. Relative effect sizes for symptoms of PTSD were calculated. Random effects meta-regression was conducted. Twenty-nine comparisons of TFTs from 20 studies were identified. Initial heterogeneity among relative effect sizes was low. RA was a significant predictor of outcome and explained 12% of the variance in outcomes. The true efficacy hypothesis predicted the RA-outcome association to be zero; however, a substantial association was found. Thus, this study does not support the true efficacy hypothesis. Given findings from psychotherapy research and other fields that support a biasing influence of researcher preferences, RA should be regarded as a causal factor and conceptualized as a threat to the validity of conclusions from comparative outcome studies.

Keywords: Comparative Outcome Research Meta-Analyses Researcher Allegiance

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5105. Munker-Kramer, E., Wintersperger, S., & Hofmann, A. (2007). Zum verstandnis von EMDR als behandlungsmethode fur PTBS auf dem hintergrund der modernen psychotraumatologie [The understanding of EMDR based on modern psychotraumatology]. Psychologie in Osterreich, 27(1), 53-60.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In diesem Beitrag wird zunachst beschrieben, mit welchen typischen S)7nptomen sich traumatisierte PatientInnen in der arztlichen oder psychologischen Praxis einfinden. Die Zusammenhange und die lVotwendigkeit profimder Differentialdiagnostik werden erliiutert. Es Jolgt ein kurzer historischer Abriss iiber die wichtigsten Schritte in der theoretischen und klinischen BeJassung mit verschiedenen TraumaJolgestonmgen bis zur Anerkennung der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstonmg durch die WHO 1980. Psychisches Trauma wird dann dargestellt als T7erarbeitungsstorung von Extremstress. Das Konzept der Storung in der neuronalen InJormationsverarbeitung und InJormationsspeichenmg und dessen klinische Relevanz flir die Symptomatik der PTBS Jolgt. Dies dient als Grundlage flir das T7erstiindnis und die wissenschaJtliche Einordnung von EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) als wichtige lmd evaluierte Behandlungsmethode for PTBS. Die Methode wird detailliert beschrieben und der Beitrag wird durch ein Fallbeispiel (Monotrauma) und einige Uberlegungen zur Qualitatssicherung abgeschlossen.

Abstract In this article at first characteristic symptoms of patients asking Jar psychological and medical treatment with trauma-related disorders and comorbidities and thlls the necessity oj well grollnded clinical diagnostics is emphasized. A short historical review oj the most important theoretical and clinical milestones concerning the consideration oj trauma-related disorders is described up to the acknowledgement oj PTSD by the TForld Health Organization in 1980. A well grounded and detailed explanation oj neurobiology and neuropsychology oj extreme stress and its clinical implications Jollows to open the understanding and the scientific context oJEMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) as an important and well evaluated treatment method Jar PTSD. It is described step by step and illustrated by a short example (monotrauma). Final!), some recommendations and further infomwtions concerning quality of treatment and training are given.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5106. Muris, P. (2002, April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Een reactie en het laatste woord [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): A response and the last word]. Psychopraxis, 4(2), 37-39. doi:10.1007/BF03071982 .

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In het vorige nummer van PsychoPraxis beschreven Ad De Jongh en Erik Ten Broeke de EMDR-procedure aan de hand van een casus. Hier volgt een reactie op dit artikel van Peter Muris, waarna de beide auteurs het laatste woord krijgen.

In the previous issue of psychoanalytic praxis described Ad De Jongh and Erik ten Broeke the EMDR procedure using a case study. Here is a response to this article by Peter Muris, after which both authors have the final say.

Keywords: Case Study

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5107. Muris, P., & de Jongh, A. (1996, August). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Kind en Adolescent, 17(3), 128-134. doi:10.1007/BF03060628.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is een nieuwe behandelingsmethode voor posttraumatische stress–stoornis en andere trauma–gerelateerde angstklachten. In essentie behelst EMDR het volgende: cliënten nemen een traumatische of aversieve herinnering in gedachten en voeren onderwijl oogbewegingen uit door de hand van de therapeut te volgen. Onder invloed van de oogbewegingen zouden negatieve herinneringen hun pathogene karakter verliezen en alsnog adequaat worden verwerkt. Na een beknopte uiteenzetting over de achtergrond van EMDR en de toepassing van deze techniek bij kinderen, wordt de procedure beschreven en toegelicht aan de hand van twee gevalsbeschrijvingen. Speciale aandacht gaat daarbij uit naar behandelingsaspecten die voor het gebruik van EMDR bij kinderen relevant kunnen zijn. EMDR lijkt een nuttige aanvulling op reeds beschikbare behandelingsvormen. Vooralsnog is een kritische houding echter geboden.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a new treatment for post traumatic stress disorder and other trauma-related anxiety. EMDR involves essentially the following: clients take an aversive or traumatic memory in mind and implement the while eye movements in the hands of the therapist to follow. Under the influence of eye movements were negative memories lose their pathogenic character and still be properly processed. After a brief discussion of the background of EMDR and the application of this technique in children, the procedure is described and illustrated by two case reports. Special attention is paid to aspects of treatment for the use of EMDR in children may be relevant. EMDR appears to be a useful complement the available treatment modalities. For now, however, offered a critical attitude.

Keywords: Anxiety Case Report Children Female Phobias Spider Phobia Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Trauma-Related Anxiety

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5108. Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. (1999, January-April). Traumatic memories, eye movements, phobia, and panic: A critical note on the proliferation of EMDR. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13(1-2), 209-223. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00048-6.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In the past years, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has become increasingly popular as a treatment method for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The current article critically evaluates three recurring assumptions in EMDR literature: (a) the notion that traumatic memories are fixed and stable and that flashbacks are accurate reproductions of the traumatic incident; (b) the idea that eye movements, or other lateralized rhythmic behaviors have an inhibitory effect on emotional memories; and (c) the assumption that EMDR is not only effective in treating PTSD, but can also be successfully applied to other psychopathological conditions. There is little support for any of these three assumptions. Meanwhile, the expansion of the theoretical underpinnings of EMDR in the absence of a sound empirical basis casts doubts on the massive proliferation of this treatment method. (ScienceDirect)

Keywords: Literature Review Panic Disorder Phobia Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Research Needs Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5109. Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. (1999, January). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(1), 7-8.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Discusses the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as a treatment of psychopathology in children. Systemic research concerning EMDR is sparse. The use of EMDR in the treatment of anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is discussed. Many clinicians who apply EMDR are enthusiastic and report positive results in both children and adults. Empirical research is necessary to evaluate the merits of these claims and to give EMDR a theoretical foundation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Children Commentary Letter Research Needs Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5110. Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. (1995, September-October). Treating spider phobia with eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing: Two case reports. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 9(5), 439-449. doi:10.1016/0887-6185(95)00023-H.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Two spider phobics were first treated with Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and then received an exposure in vivo session. Results showed positive effects of EMDR, but also suggest that it is especially self-report measures that are sensitive to EMDR. Improvement on a behavioral measure was less pronounced and exposure was necessary to eliminate residual avoidance behavior. This observation confirms the position of those EMDR critics who point out that EMDR effects should be documented with objective and standardized evaluation instruments (Pilots).

Keywords: Arachnida Clinical Case Study Empirical Study Phobias Spider Phobia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5111. Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. (1999, January). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(1), 7-8.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
No abstract available.

Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Children Commentary Letter Research Needs Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5112. Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. (1997, January). Treating spider phobics with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A controlled study. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 25(1), 39-50. doi:10.1017/S1352465800015381.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Keywords: Control Study Empirical Study Spider Phobias

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5113. Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. (1996). De behandeling van specifieke fobieën met eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Een gecontroleerde studie. Directieve Therapie, 16(1), 1-5. doi:10.1007/BF03060128 .

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
In deze studie werd onderzocht of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) van nut kan zijn bij het behandelen van een specifieke fobie. De studie bestond uit twee fasen. Tijdens de eerste fase werden spinfobici toegewezen aan drie onderzoeksgroepen: een EMDR groep, een imaginaire exposure groep of een controlegroep die geen behandeling ontving. De behandeling werd geëvalueerd met een gestandaardiseerde gedragstest waarbij de fobici werd verzocht het gevreesde object (i.c. spin) zo dicht mogelijk te benaderen. Geen van de drie groepen – dus ook de EMDR–groep niet – boekte vooruitgang. De exposure in vivo behandeling, die alle fobici tijdens de tweede fase van het onderzoek ontvingen, leidde daarentegen wel tot een significante verbetering op de gedragstest.

This study investigated whether Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) can be useful in treating a specific phobia. The study consisted of two phases. During the first phase spinfobici assigned to three research groups: one group of EMDR, an imaginary exposure group or a control group that received no treatment. Treatment was evaluated with a standardized behavioral test in which the phobic invited the feared object (ie spin) as close as possible to approach. None of the three groups - including the EMDR group did not - made progress. Exposure in vivo treatment, all phobic during the second phase of the study, led however to a significant improvement on the behavioral test.

Keywords: Specific Phobia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5114. Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Holdrinet, I., & Sijsenaar, M. (1998, February). Treating phobic children: Effects of EMDR versus exposure. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 66(1), 193-198. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.66.1.193.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This study examined the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and exposure in the treatment of a specific phobia. 26 spider phobic children were treated during 2 treatment phases. During the first phase, which lasted 2.5 hr, children were randomly assigned to either (a) an EMDR group (n = 9), (b) an exposure in vivo group (n = 9), or (c) a computerized exposure (control) group (n = 8). During the 2nd phase, all groups received a 1.5 hr session of exposure in vivo. Therapy outcome measures (i.e., self-reported fear and behavioral avoidance) were obtained before treatment, after Treatment Phase 1, and after Treatment Phase 2. Results showed that the 2.5 hr exposure in vivo sesson produced significant improvement on all outcome measures. In contrast, EMDR yielded a significant improvement on only self-reported spider fear. Computerized exposure produced nonsignficant improvement. Furthermore, no evidence was found to suggest that EMDR potentiates the efficacy of a subsequent exposure in vivo treatment. Exposure in vivo remains the treatment of choice for childhood spider phobia. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adolescents Children Empirical Study Phobia Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5115. Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., van Haaften, H., & Mayer, B. (1997, July). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing versus exposure in vivo: A single-session crossover study of spider-phobic children. British Journal of Psychiatry, 171(1), 82-86. doi:10.1192/bjp.171.1.82 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background: Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new therapeutic technique that has been proposed as a treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder and other anxiety complaints. Method: We compared the efficacy of EMDR with that of exposure in vivo in the treatment of a specific phobia. Twenty-two spider-phobic children who met the DSM-III-R criteria for specific phobia participated in the study. Children were treated with one session of exposure in vivo and one session of EMDR in a crossover design. Treatment outcome was evaluated by self-report measures, a behavioural avoidance test and a physiological index (skin conductance level). Results: Results showed positive effects of EMDR, but also suggest that it is especially self-report measures that are sensitive to EMDR. Improvement on a behavioural measure was less pronounced, and exposure in vivo was found to be superior in reducing avoidance behaviour. With regard to skin conductance level, EMDR and exposure in vivo did not differ. Conclusions: EMDR has no additional value in treatment of this type of animal phobia, for which exposure in vivo is the treatment of choice.

Keywords: Empirical Study Exposure Therapy Phobias Spider Phobia

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5116. Murray, K. (2011). Container. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(1), 29-32. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.1.29 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Question: Is there a script that I can use to teach my clients to use a “container” resource? When and how might I use this with my clients?

Keywords: Container Exercise

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5117. Murray, K. (2011). Questions & réponses cliniques. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(3), 46E-50E. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.3.E46.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Question : Existe-t-il un script pour enseigner la technique du “conteneur” à ses clients ? Quand et comment l’utiliser?

Keywords: Container exercise

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5118. Murray, K. (2012). EMDR with grief: Reflections on Ginny Sprang’s 2001 study. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(4), 187-191. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.4.1.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
“Translating Research Into Practice” is a new regular journal feature in which clinicians share clinical case examples that support, elaborate, or illustrate the results of a specific research study. Each column begins with the abstract of that study, followed by the clinician’s description of their own application of standard eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) procedures with the population or problem treated in the study. The column is edited by the EMDR Research Foundation with the goal of providing a link between research and practice and making research findings relevant in therapists’ day-today practices. In this issue’s column, Katy Murray references Sprang’s (2001) study, which investigated EMDR treatment of complicated mourning and describes how she used EMDR with three challenging cases—a mother mourning for her young adult son who died by suicide, a woman struggling with the loss of her mother to Alzheimer’s disease, and a young mother whose baby was stillborn. Case examples are followed with a comprehensive discussion.

Keywords: Bridging Research Grief Mourning Practice

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5119. Musruck, D., & Pringle, A. (2003, July). Korean war flashbacks: Treating PTSD. Mental Health Nursing, 23(4), 4-8.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
United Kingdom military personnel have been involved in the recent Iraq war. While fatalities and casualties were relatively light compared to other conflicts historically, individual incidents can, nevertheless, have a lasting impact on individuals who witness them or are involved. Subsequent wars, though not participated in, can lead to a recurrence of damage. In this case study, the authors illustrate the use of scripted exposure and EMDR in the treatment of John, an English veteran of the Korean War who presented with PTSD. Scripted exposure involves the patient keeping a written record of their most intrusive and distressing thoughts and feelings. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults British Case Report Cognitive Therapy Exposure Therapy Korean War Males Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Reactivation Therapeutic Writing Veterans

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5120. Nadler, W. (1996, January). EMDR: Rapid treatment of panic disorder. International Journal of Psychiatry, 2, 1-8.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This article describes Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), a new treatment for Panic Disorder, and gives as an example of its application, details of a recent case which resulted in alleviation of panic attacks and a significant decrease in anticipatory anxiety within two sessions. The EMDR method also brought into consciousness a nexus of underlying issues and conflicts concerning loss, separation, anger and guilt. Implications for the treatment of panic are discussed within the context of the etiology of panic including the disparate ideas of Davanloo and Clark. EMDR may possess unique features that allow for a diverse array of treatment targets ranging from conditioned interoceptive sensations and catastrophic beliefs to repressed rage and grief. [Author abstract]

Keywords: Panic Disorders

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5121. Nakahara, T., Nakahara, K., Uehara, M., Koyama, K., Li, K., Harada, T., Yasuhara, D., Taguchi, H., Kojima, S., Sagiyama, K., & Inui, A. (2007, May). Effect of juggling therapy on anxiety disorders in female patients. doi:doi:10.1186/1751-0759-1-10. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 1(10), 1-4.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of juggling therapy for anxiety disorder patients. Design and Method: Subjects were 17 female outpatients who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders. Subjects were treated with standard psychotherapy, medication and counseling for 6 months. For the last 3 months of treatment, subjects were randomized into either a non-juggling group (n = 9) or a juggling therapy group (juggling group: n = 8). The juggling group gradually acquired juggling skills by practicing juggling beanbags (otedama in Japan) with both hands. The therapeutic effect was evaluated using scores of psychological testing (STAI: State and Trate Anxiety Inventry, POMS: Profile of Mood Status) and of ADL (FAI: Franchay Activity Index) collected before treatment, 3 months after treatment (before juggling therapy), and at the end of both treatments. Results: After 6 months, an analysis of variance revealed that scores on the state anxiety, trait anxiety subscales of STAI and tension-anxiety (T-A) score of POMS were significantly lower in the juggling group than in the non-juggling group (p < 0.01). Depression, anger-hostility scores of POMS were improved more than non-jugglers. In the juggling group, activity scores on the vigor subscale of POMS and FAI score were significantly higher than those in the non juggling group (p < 0.01). Other mood scores of POMS did not differ between the two groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that juggling therapy may be effective for the treatment of anxiety disorders.

Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Females

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5122. Nardo, D., Hogberg, G., Looi, J. C., Larsson, S., Hallstrom, T., & Pagani, M. (2010, May). Gray matter density in limbic and paralimbic cortices is associated with trauma load and EMDR outcome in PTSD patients. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 44(7), 477-485. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.10.014.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
There is converging evidence of gray matter (GM) structural alterations in different limbic structures in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate GM density in PTSD in relation to trauma load, and to assess the GM differences between responders (R) and non-responders (NR) to EMDR therapy. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans of 21 subjects exposed to occupational trauma, who developed PTSD (S), and of 22 who did not (NS), were compared by means of an optimized Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) analysis as implemented in SPM. Within S, further comparisons were made between 10 R and 5 NR. A regression analysis between GM density and the Traumatic Antecedents Questionnaire (TAQ) was also performed on all 43 subjects. Results showed a significantly lower GM density in S as compared to NS in the left posterior cingulate and the left posterior parahippocampal gyrus. Moreover, NR showed a significantly lower GM density as compared to R in bilateral posterior cingulate, as well as anterior insula, anterior parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala in the right hemisphere. Regression analysis showed that GM density negatively correlated with trauma load in bilateral posterior cingulate, left anterior insula, and right anterior parahippocampal gyrus. In conclusion, a GM lower density in limbic and paralimbic cortices were found to be associated with PTSD diagnosis, trauma load, and EMDR treatment outcome, suggesting a view of PTSD characterized by memory and dissociative disturbances.[Pubmed]

Keywords: Limbic Cortex Posterior Cingulate Posttraumatic Stress PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5123. Narimani, M., Ahari, S. S., & Rajabi, S. (2008). Comparison of efficacy of eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing and cognitive behavioral therapy therapeutic methods for reducing anxiety and depression of Iranian combatant afflicted by post traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Applied Sciences, 8(10), 1932-1937. doi:10.3923/jas.2008.1932.1937.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This research aims to determine efficacy of two therapeutic methods and compare them: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for reduction of anxiety and depression for Iranian combatant afflicted with Post traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after imposed war. Statistical population of current study includes combatants afflicted with PTSD that were hospitalized in Isas Hospital of Ardabil province or were inhabited in Ardabil. These persons were selected through simple random sampling and were randomly located in three groups. The method was extended test method and study design was multi-group test-retest. Used tools include hospital anxiety and depression scale. This survey showed that exercise of EMDR and CBT has caused significant reduction of anxiety and depression. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Anxiety Anxiety Disorders CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Therapy Depression Depressive Disorders Iranians Middle Aged Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Treatment Effectiveness Veterans War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5124. Navas-Torrejano, D. S. (2011, Enereo-Junio). La desensibilización y reprocesamiento del movimiento (EMDR): El tratamiento para el trastorno de estrés postraumático [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder]. Revista Ciencias Biomédicas, 2(1), 158-162.

Language: Spanish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
El trastorno de estrés postraumático está clasificado como uno de los trastornos deansiedad dado como una respuesta patológica a un evento estresante que supone unriesgo físico o psicológico. Corresponde a un problema de salud pública que causagran incapacidad y dificultades en el desarrollo biopsicosocial de la persona afectada.Actualmente se llevan a cabo diferentes métodos terapéuticos para el tratamiento dedicha patología, dentro de las mas estudiadas y con amplios resultados positivos seencuentra la terapia de reprocesamiento llamada Desensibilización y Reprocesamientopor medio de Movimiento Ocular (EMDR por sus siglas en inglés) basado en estimulaciónbilateral ocular, principalmente, que otorga al paciente la oportunidad de asimilar elevento traumático transformando su contenido emocional y brindando adaptación eintegración de la información y equilibrio físico y psicológico con respuestas adaptativasque permite el desarrollo e interacción normal con el entorno. Con la Técnica EMDR paraenfrentar el trastorno de estrés postraumatico, se alcanza que si bien el recuerdo está,ya no hiere.

Posttraumatic stress disorder is classified as an anxiety disorder characterized for apathological response to a stressful event that involves a physical or psychological risk.It is a public health problem that causes great disability and difficulties in biopsychosocialdevelopment of the patient. Currently, there are different therapeutic methods fortreating this disease; the most studied one with positive results is “eye movementdesensitization and reprocessing” (EMDR) based on bilateral visual stimulation, whichgives the patient an opportunity to assimilate the traumatic event, transforming itsemotional content and providing adaptation and integration of information and physicaland psychological balance with adaptive responses allowing normal development andinteraction with the environment. With EMDR to address post-traumatic stress disorderthe memory is there, but it does not hurt.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5125. Nazari, H., Momeni, N., Jariani, M., & Tarrahi, M. J. (2011, November). Comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing with citalopram in treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 15(4), 270-274. doi:10.3109/13651501.2011.590210.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objective. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the chronic anxiety disorders that interfere with routine individual life, occupational and social functions. There is controversy about the first choice of treatment for OCD between medication and psychotherapy. Aim. the aim was to investigate the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) compared with medication by citalopram in treatment of OCD. Methods. This randomized controlled trial was carried out on 90 OCD patients that randomly were assigned into two groups. They either received therapeutic sessions of EMDR or citalopram during 12 weeks. Both groups blindly were evaluated by the Yale-Brown scale before and after the trial period. Results. Pretreatment average Yale-Brown score of citalopram group was about 25.26 as well as 24.83 in EMDR group. The after treatment scores were 19.06 and 13.6, respectively. There was significant difference between the mean Yale-Brown scores of the two groups after treatment and EMDR was more effective than citalopram in improvement of OCD signs. Conclusion. It is concluded that although both therapeutic methods (EMDR and Citalopram) had significant effect in improving obsessive signs but it seems that in short term EMRD has better effect in improvement of final outcome of OCD.

Keywords: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5126. Negadi, F., Jouvent, R., & Pelissolo, A. (2007, July). Contribution of EMDR's cognitive approach: A case of driving phobia. Journal International de Victimologie, 5(3), 146-152.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Most studies evaluating the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy for various problems have focused on the importance of eye movements and largely ignored the fact that EMDR is an integrative therapeutic approach in which the cognitive approach plays a large part. The case study presented here includes an evaluation of the efficacy of EMDR, on various standardised evaluation scales, for a patient with driving phobia due to a traumatic event. The treatment of this patient was largely based on a cognitive approach (cognitive interweave) and the reprocessing of dysfunctional information according to the EMDR thérapy. The outcome one month after treatment was favourable, with the absence of phobic avoidance and a marked improvement in the patient's mood.

Keywords: Cognitive Interweave Driving Phobia Dysfunctional Belief

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5127. Negadi, F., Pelissolo, A., Jouvent, R., & Allilaire, J. F. (2007, Septembre). Application de l’EMDR en sexotraumatologie: Évolution de la comorbidité psychopathologique à propos d'un cas d'agression sexuelle [EMDR applied to sexual traumatology: Evolution of psychopathological comorbidity in the case of sexual aggression]. Annales Médico-Psychologiques, Revue Psychiatrique, 165(7), 523-528. doi:10.1016/j.amp.2007.06.002.

Language: French

Format: Journal

Abstract:
L'accès thérapeutique des patients victimes d'agression sexuelle est souvent à travers une double perspective: celle du traitement de stress post-traumatique (SSPT) et d'évitement sexuel. En légère ou modérée cas de SSPT, il ya des formes complexes où la comorbidité est plus évident et le taux d'échec thérapeutique est plus important. À l'heure actuelle des méthodes de traitement actif, basé sur l'exposition, plus particulièrement EMDR (désensibilisation des mouvements oculaires et retraitement) considérée comme une thérapie brève et active, donnent de bons résultats dans le traitement de la symptomatologie traumatique. Peu d'études ont été menées sur l'évolution psychopathologique de patients ayant souffert d'agressions sexuelles et qui sont pris en charge par l'EMDR. Dans le cadre d'une étude de cas, les auteurs discutent des éléments indiquant une évolution rapide de la symptomatologie traumatique, l'évitement sexuel et de la régression de l'expression des signes de co-morbidité. [Auteur] Résumé

The therapeutic access of patients victims of sexual aggression is often through a double perspective: That of treating Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and of sexual avoidance. In light or moderate PTSD cases, there are complex forms in which co-morbidity is more evident and the rate of therapeutic failure is more important. At present active treatment methods based on exposure, more particularly EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) considered as a brief and active therapy, give good results in the treatment of traumatic symptomatology. Few studies have been undertaken on the psychopathological evolution of patients having suffered from sexual attacks and who are being taken care of by EMDR. Within the framework of a case study, the authors discuss elements indicating a rapid evolution of traumatic symptomatology, of sexual avoidance and of regression of the expression of the co-morbidity signs. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Brief Therapy Clinical Case Study Sexotherapy Sexual Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5128. Nelson, S. A. (2011, March). The posttraumatic growth path: An emerging model for prevention and treatment of trauma-related behavioral health conditions. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 21(1), 1–42. doi:10.1037/a0022908.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The aim of this study is threefold. First, the current evidence-based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are reviewed. Treatments reviewed for efficacy include prolonged exposure therapy, cognitive processing therapy, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Next, concepts identified as protective measures against chronic PTSD are explored, with particular emphasis on resiliency and posttraumatic growth (PTG). Third, based on the abovementioned systematic review, a new treatment model for trauma-related behavioral health conditions, the posttraumatic growth path (PTGP), is proposed. This research will demonstrate how this new model integrates a variety of therapeutic approaches and protective measures to treat and mitigate the development of chronic PTSD and other concomitant mental health concerns. Implications for practice are discussed.

Keywords: Integrative Therapy Posttraumatic Growth Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTG PTSD Resiliency Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5129. Neuner, F. (2008, Juli). Stabilisierung vor konfrontation in der traumatherapie -- Grundregel oder mythos? [Stabilization before confrontation in trauma treatment -- Elementary rule or myth?]. Verhaltenstherapie, 18(2), 109-118. doi:10.1159/000134006.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Psychotherapie der PTBS ist oft in die Phasen der Stabilisierung und Konfrontation unterteilt. In der Stabilisierungsphase lernt der Patient, Strategien zur Regulierung und Kontrolle beeinflussen Symptome. Danach kann die Erinnerungen an das traumatische Ereignis offen gelegt und verarbeitet werden in der Konfrontation Phase. Deutsch Behandlungsrichtlinien und etwas Text Pfund postulieren, dass eine Phase der Stabilisierung bedingungslos vor der Konfrontation mit dem Trauma Erinnerungen erforderlich stattfinden kann. Im Gegensatz zu dieser Aussage, Evidenz aus randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien zeigt, dass die sogenannten Trauma-Ansätze konzentrieren (Varianten der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie, Exposition Therapie und EMDR) die erfolgreichsten Methoden für die Behandlung von PTBS sind. Als Konsequenz empfehlen mehreren internationalen Verbänden und Instituten diese Verfahren als Therapie der ersten Wahl. Alle Trauma-konzentrierte Ansätze umfassen irgendeine Art von Konfrontation mit nur rudimentären Stabilisierung oder ohne Stabilisierung bei allen. Darüber hinaus gibt es keine Hinweise, dass die Exposition Verfahren gefährlicher als Stabilisierung oder dass sie weniger gut toleriert und akzeptiert werden. Ebenso gibt es keinen Beweis, dass die Stabilisierung ist notwendig für Patienten mit komplexen Trauma-bedingten Erkrankungen wie bei erwachsenen Patienten mit einer Vorgeschichte von sexuellem Missbrauch. Entgegen der gängigen Lehre, eine Phase der Stabilisierung ist nicht notwendig, Trauma Behandlung und die Möglichkeit der negativen Auswirkungen der Stabilisierung kann nicht ausgeschlossen werden. [Abstract Autor]

Psychotherapy of PTSD is often divided into the phases of stabilization and confrontation. In the stabilization phase, the patient learns strategies to regulate affect and control symptoms. Thereafter, the memories of the traumatic event can be disclosed and processed in the confrontation phase. German treatment guidelines and some text books postulate that a phase of stabilization is unconditionally required before the confrontation with trauma memories can take place. In contrast to this statement, evidence from randomized controlled trials shows that the so-called trauma-focused approaches (variants of cognitive-behavioral therapy, exposure therapy, and EMDR) are the most successful methods for the treatment of PTSD. As a consequence, several international associations and institutes recommend these procedures as the treatment of first choice. All trauma-focused approaches include some type of confrontation with only rudimentary stabilization or with no stabilization at all. In addition, there is no evidence that exposure procedures are more dangerous than stabilization, or that they are less well tolerated and accepted. Likewise, there is no evidence that stabilization is necessary for patients with complex trauma-related disorders such as adult patients with a history of childhood sexual abuse. Contrary to the common doctrine, a stabilization phase is not necessary for trauma treatment and the possibility of negative effects of stabilization cannot be ruled out. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Confrontation Exposure Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stabilization Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5130. New South Wales Court of Appeals. (1995, December). Admissibility of evidence from hypnosis or EMDR. Law Society Journal, 33(11), 16.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
As a result of the NSW Court of Criminal Appeal's decision in R v Tillott & Ors on 1 September 1995 it has become important to provide procedural guidelines for obtaining evidence of witnesses who have undergone hypnosis or Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. The guidelines for hypnosis, now also applicable to EMDR, are not a strict test of admissibility - or a requirement - but failure to comply with the guidelines may result in the court declining to admit such evidence, whether proffered by the Crown or from a witness for the defence.[Source abstract]

Keywords: Hypnosis Law Legal

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5131. Newgent, R.A., Paladino, D. A., & Reynolds, C. A. (2006, January). Single session treatment of nontraumatic fear of flying with eye movement sensitization reprocessing: Pre and post-September 11. Clinical Case Studies, 5(1), 25-36. doi:10.1177/1534650103261196.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) was originally developed to treat traumatic memories. Since its development, the application of EMDR has proliferated to various disorders. A single session utilizing the EMDR approach applied to the treatment of nontraumatic fear of flying is presented. For this study, the EMDR process was adapted tomeet the needs of the client. The purpose of this study is to provide an example of the in-flight application of a single session of EMDR to nontraumatic or small "t" fear of flying. The case of a client successfully treated with in-flight EMDR is presented. Pre-September 11 and post-September 11 follow-up with the client is also documented.

Keywords: 9/11 Clinical Case Study Emotional Trauma Empirical Study Event Memories Experiences (Events) Fear of Flying Follow-up Study Memory Phobias September 11 Single Session Terrorism

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5132. Nicosia, G. J. (1995, March). A brief note: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is not hypnosis. Dissociation: Progress in the Dissociative Disorders, 8(1), 69.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Argues that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and hypnosis are qualitatively different states of neurophysiological functioning. An experiment is reported in which the effects of EMDR on brain functioning of 3 Ss are examined. EEGs taken during EMDR for these Ss were within normal range, and did not differ from waking state EEGs, indicating that EMDR does not appear to produce the altered consciousness state associated with hypnosis or confabulation. EMDR memories may be more valid in the legal process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Electroencephalography Eye Movements Hypnotherapy Letter Neurophysiology Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5133. Nielsen, T. (1991). Affect desensitization: A possible function of REMs in both waking and sleeping states. Sleep Research, 20, 10.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Recent evidence (1) that rapid eye movements (REMs) elicited systemically during psychotherapy (Eye Movement Desensitization/Reprocessing (EMD/R) produce immediate and lasting alleviation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms suggests that the REMs of REM sleep may serve a similiar affect desensitization function (1.2). Although little is known about how EMD/R works, preliminary, positive results from an independent replication (3) and several independent clinical case studies (4.5) have been reported. Exploration of the relationships between EMD/R and REM sleep may thus prove useful in understanding how both RE/R and REM sleep function to modify affect.

Keywords: Affect Rapid Eye Movements REM

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5134. Nieuwenhuis, S., Elzinga, B. M., Ras, P., Berends, F., Duijs, P., Samara, Z., & Slagter, H. (2013, February). Bilateral saccadic eye movements and tactile stimulation, but not auditory stimulation, enhance memory retrieval. Brain & Cognition, 81(1), 52-56. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2012.10.003.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Recent research has shown superior memory retrieval when participants make a series of horizontal saccadic eye movements between the memory encoding phase and the retrieval phase compared to participants who do not move their eyes or move their eyes vertically. It has been hypothesized that the rapidly alternating activation of the two hemispheres that is associated with the series of left–right eye movements is critical in causing the enhanced retrieval. This hypothesis predicts a beneficial effect on retrieval of alternating left–right stimulation not only of the visuomotor system, but also of the somatosensory system, both of which have a strict contralateral organization. In contrast, this hypothesis does not predict an effect, or a weaker effect, on retrieval of alternating left–right stimulation of the auditory system, which has a much less lateralized organization. Consistent with these predictions, we replicated the horizontal saccade-induced retrieval enhancement (Experiment 1) and showed that a similar retrieval enhancement occurs after alternating left–right tactile stimulation (Experiment 2). Furthermore, retrieval was not enhanced after alternating left–right auditory stimulation compared to simultaneous bilateral auditory stimulation (Experiment 3). We discuss the possibility that alternating bilateral activation of the left and right hemispheres exerts its effects on memory by increasing the functional connectivity between the two hemispheres. We also discuss the findings in the context of clinical practice, in which bilateral eye movements (EMDR) and auditory stimulation are used in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. [Copyright &y& Elsevier].

Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation Memory Retrieval Saccadic Eye Movements Saccades Tactile Stimulation

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5135. Nijdam, M. J., Gersons, B. P. R., Reitsma, J. B., de Jongh, A., & Olff, M. (2012, March). Brief eclectic psychotherapy v. eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(3), 224-231. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.099234.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background: Trauma-focused cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy (EMDR) are efficacious treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but few studies have directly compared them using well-powered designs and few have investigated response patterns. Aims: To compare the efficacy and response pattern of a traumafocused CBT modality, brief eclectic psychotherapy for PTSD, with EMDR (trial registration: ISRCTN64872147). Method: Out-patients with PTSD were randomly assigned to brief eclectic psychotherapy (n = 70) or EMDR (n = 70) and assessed at all sessions on self-reported PTSD (Impact of Event Scale – Revised). Other outcomes were clinician-rated PTSD, anxiety and depression. Results: Both treatments were equally effective in reducing PTSD symptom severity, but the response pattern indicated that EMDR led to a significantly sharper decline in PTSD symptoms than brief eclectic psychotherapy, with similar drop-out rates (EMDR: n = 20 (29%), brief eclectic psychotherapy: n = 25 (36%)). Other outcome measures confirmed this pattern of results. Conclusions: Although both treatments are effective, EMDR results in a faster recovery compared with the more gradual improvement with brief eclectic psychotherapy. Declaration of interest: A.d.J. teaches and supervises clinical psychologists and psychiatrists in psychological trauma and its treatment by means of seminars, workshops and conferences, for which the participants pay a fee. He is also director and shareholder of a trauma treatment unit. For both activities he has the formal permission of the executive board of the University of Amsterdam to which he is affiliated.

Keywords: BEP Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Randomized Controlled Trial

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5136. Nijdam, M., Pol, M. V. D., Dekens, R., Olff, M., & Denys, D. (2013). Treatment of sexual trauma dissolves contamination fear. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 3(0). doi:10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.19157.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background: In patients with co-morbid obsessive−compulsive disorder (OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), repetitive behavior patterns, rituals, and compulsions may ward off anxiety and often function as a coping strategy to control reminders of traumatic events. Therefore, addressing the traumatic event may be crucial for successful treatment of these symptoms.
Objective: In this case report, we describe a patient with comorbid OCD and PTSD who underwent pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.
Methods: Case Report. A 49-year-old Dutch man was treated for severe PTSD and moderately severe OCD resulting from anal rape in his youth by an unknown adult man.
Results: The patient was treated with paroxetine (60 mg), followed by nine psychotherapy sessions in which eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and exposure and response prevention (ERP) techniques were applied. During psychotherapy, remission of the PTSD symptoms preceded remission of the OCD symptoms. Conclusions: This study supports the idea of a functional connection between PTSD and OCD. Successfully processing the trauma results in diminished anxiety associated with trauma reminders and subsequently decreases the need for obsessive−compulsive symptoms.

Keywords: Combined Treatment Comorbidity Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD Pharmacological Treatment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5137. Nijdam, N. J., Gersons, B. P. R., Reitsma, J. B., de jongh, A., & Olff, M. (2012). Psychotherapie voor posttraumatische stressstoornis: Directe vergelijking van twee behandelingen [Psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: Direct comparison of two treatments]. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 54(4), 397-398.

Language: Dutch

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Waarom dit onderzoek? Uit vele studies en meta-analyses komen traumagerichte cognitieve gedragstherapie (cgt) en eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (emdr-therapie) naar voren als de effectiefste interventies voor de behandeling van de posttraumatische stressstoornis (ptss). Deze behandelingen zijn nooit direct met elkaar vergeleken in een gerandomiseerde effectstudie met voldoende onderscheidingsvermogen (statistische power). Ook hebben slechts enkele studies het beloop van de symptomen tijdens de interventies onderzocht.

Why this research? Many studies and meta-analyzes are trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR Therapy) forward be the most effective interventions for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These treatments are never directly compared in a randomized clinical study with sufficient discernment (statistical power). also have only a few studies the evolution of symptoms during the interventions studied.

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Research

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5138. Niroomandi, R. (2012). Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the Iranian veterans with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after Iran-Iraq War. International Proceedings of Economic Development and Research, 40, 52-56.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
To explore the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) to treat Iranian Veterans who have experienced Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after Iran-Iraq war, a pilot study was designed with pre-test, post-test and control group. First through clinical interview (psychiatrist and clinical psychologist views) and PTSD scale of Mississipi, 30 people of the war Veterans suffering from chronic PTSD were chosen. Then the patients were placed in two different experimental and control groups randomly. Only experimental group were treated with EMDR for four-session in four weeks. After treatment, both groups were assessed with PTSD scale of Mississipi. The obtained results were analyzed with ANCOVA and the results showed that the difference between the experimental and control groups were statistically significant (f=5.501, p=0.027). With regard to results, it can be stated that this difference was created by EMDR treatment

Keywords: Chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Therapy Veterans War Injured People

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5139. Nisi, A. (2001, Augusto). EMDR: Considerazioni di un terapeuta (cognitivo) Comportamentale [EMDR: Considerations of a therapist (cognitive) behavioral]. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 7(2), 155.

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Non disponibile astratto.
No abstract available.

Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5140. Noorthoorn, E. O., Havenaar, J. M., de Haan, H. A., van Rood, Y. R., & van Stiphout, W. A. (2010). Mental health service use and outcomes after the Enschede fireworks disaster: A naturalistic follow-up study. Psychiatric Services, 61(11), 1138-1143. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.61.11.1138 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objective: This study documented the number of people seeking help for mental health problems after a fireworks disaster in Enschede, the Netherlands. It describes their diagnostic characteristics, interventions provided, and their results. Methods: Researchers coded data from intakes and medical charts of all patients who sought help (N=1,659) and entered treatment (N=663) at a disaster relief service between May 13, 2000 (day of the disaster), and June 1, 2004. Patients who received more than eight treatment sessions (N=394) and were in treatment one year after the disaster were interviewed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) (N=228, response rate, 58%) and other questionnaires (N=271, response rate, 69%). Results: In the population probably exposed, the cumulative referral-incidence for disaster-related mental health problems over four years was approximately 10%; in terms of referrals to the mental health facility over five years, the proportion of disaster-related referrals was 5.7%. Among adults, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was the most common clinical diagnosis (53%, chart sample). However, depression was the most common CIDI diagnosis (58%, CIDI interview sample). The recovery rate was about 50% on the basis of clinical judgment (chart sample), between 69% and 76% on the basis of "healthy" scores on symptoms, and between 39% and 60% in social and physical functioning (interview sample). Conclusions: Apart from persons seeking support during the first weeks postdisaster, the largest influx occurred after about one year and was limited in size. Clinicians in specialized services should be aware that conditions other than PTSD, such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and somatoform disorders, are also quite common after disasters. (Psychiatric Services 61:1138—1143, 2010) On the afternoon of May 13, 2000, a fireworks deposit situated in a residential area exploded, killing 22 people and injuring about 1,000 in the center of Enschede, a town in the east of the Netherlands. As a result approximately 1,500 houses were damaged, of which 498 had to be demolished, leading to displacement of 4,163 inhabitants (1). An estimated 17,000 individuals were probably exposed in one way or another to this disaster (1). The event was immediately declared a national disaster. In response, a nationwide support effort was launched and funds were allocated for research to document health consequences of this disaster. As a result, data about health, well-being, and medical service use have been systematically collected since the early days after this event (2,3,4,5). In contrast to the wealth of publications about the epidemiology of mental health problems after a disaster (6,7), there are only few studies that describe help-seeking behavior for these problems in a population stricken by disaster, or the outcomes of interventions. In this article we present the results of a chart study and interviews in early and later phases of treatment of adults who sought help from mental health services for disaster-related problems. The aim of the study was to evaluate mental health service delivery to persons affected by the fireworks disaster in Enschede during the period from May 2000 to May 2005. This study documented the number of people seeking help for disaster-related psychological problems, their sociodemographic and diagnostic characteristics, the interventions that they received, and some results of these interventions. To our knowledge this is the first systematic investigation of all adults seeking specialized mental health care in a disaster-stricken area.

Keywords: Enschede Fireworks Disaster

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5141. Nowill, J. (2010, April). A critical review of the controversy surrounding eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing. Counselling Psychology Review, 25(1), 63-70.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The treatment eye movement, desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) continues to court controversy despite its adoption by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2005) as a preferred treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder. This article critically reviews the two issues at the heart of the controversy. First, is EMDR effective for unique reasons or is it a disguised treatment such as exposure therapy? Second, is evidence-based practice an appropriate framework within which to assess psychological therapies or are its criteria too narrow and inflexible? The article proposes practice-based evidence as a potential way forward in EMDR research and describes an appropriate model within an EMDR treatment framework.

Keywords: Review

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5142. O'Brien, E. (1993, September). Eye movement desensitization. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 27(3), 539.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
No abstract available.

Keywords: Letter

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5143. O'Brien, J. M., & Abel, N. J. (2011). EMDR, addictions, and the stages of change: A road map for intervention. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(3), 121-130. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.3.121.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A growing body of literature indicates that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) can be useful in the treatment of addictions. When combined with traditional addictions treatment approaches, EMDR can enhance client stability, prevent relapse, and promote recovery. Clinical decision making about when and how to use EMDR techniques with clients who present with addictions is complicated. The purpose of this article is to explore the use of EMDR interventions with clients presenting various levels of awareness of their addiction as well as varied levels of motivation to change. The authors explore the Stages of Change and suggest appropriate pre-EMDR EMDR interventions at each stage.

Keywords: Addiction Stages of Change Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5144. O'Donohue, W., & Yeater, E. A. (2003, July). Individuating psychotherapies. Behavior Modification, 27(3), 313-321. doi:10.1177/0145445503027003004.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
One goal of an empirically oriented psychotherapist is to implement the same psychotherapy across similar clients for a similar specified problem. Adherence to a specified treatment is imperative when following a treatment manual. In other cases, such as when developing a new treatment, psychotherapists desire that the intervention be different from those currently available. To develop new treatments and to substantively increase the arsenal of psychological “tools” available to alleviate human suffering, criteria by which treatments are judged to be novel must be developed. The authors discuss criteria to make such delineations. They argue that psychotherapies are defined by two key properties: (a) a mechanism or mechanisms that causally produce the treatment’s effects (if any) and (b) a manner or manners of instantiating these mechanisms. They also argue that if two psychotherapies share these two properties, then they are the same treatment; if not, they should be considered different treatments.

Keywords: Process Research

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5145. O'Rourke, E. M. (2002, November) . My worst nightmare: A nurse's personal account of assault and recovery. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 40(11), 38-43 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A personal account of a psychiatric nurse's attack by a patient and her direct experience with PTSD. [Pilots]

Keywords: Adults Americans Females Injuries Nurses Survivors Battery Personal Narrative Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Workplace Violence Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5146. Occhi, S., Albiol, L. M., & Cicognani, E. (2007). Il disturbo post-traumatico da stress: Una rassegna [Post-traumatic stress disorder: A review]. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 13(3), 323-344.

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Questo articolo presenta una rassegna aggiornata teorico del Post-Traumatico da Stress Disorder (PTSD) concetto, un disturbo mentale che può comparire dopo essere stato esposto direttamente o indirettamente, ad un evento traumatico. L'articolo inizia con una descrizione della sintomatologia, suddivisi in: rivivere l'evento traumatico, evitamento, ottundimento reattività generale e ipervigilanza. Questo è seguito da una presentazione dei più recenti studi che indicano la presenza di disordine da stress post-traumatico nella popolazione, sia nella popolazione generale e nei soggetti direttamente coinvolti in un evento traumatico. Post-traumatico da stress sintomi del disturbo sono identificati mediante questionari specifici descritti nella sezione riferimento a strumenti di indagine. Lo studio delle basi biologiche per il PTSD è diventata particolarmente significativo negli ultimi anni, e abbiamo analizzato questo contesto in modo più approfondito per questo motivo, con particolare riferimento al ruolo dell'asse ipotalamo-ipofisi-surrene. Un impulso importante dello studio del PTSD è dovuto alla crescente importanza dato alla prevenzione, intesa come riduzione dell'impatto dei disturbi psichiatrici che concentrandosi su Eye Movement Desensibilizzazione e ritrattamento (EMDR), il trattamento psicologico, con il supporto di tecniche che riguarda la terapia cognitivo comportamentale e il trattamento farmacologico che prevede l'uso di inibitori della ricaptazione della serotonina selettiva, quali siano le forme più studiate. (PsycINFO record del database (c) 2008 APA, tutti i diritti riservati)

This article presents an updated theoretical review of the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) concept, a mental disorder that can appear after being exposed directly or indirectly to a traumatic event. The article begins with a description of the symptomatology, divided in: re-living the traumatic event, avoidance, dulling general reactivity and hyperarousal. This is followed by a presentation of the most recent studies which indicate the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder in the population, both in the general population and in subjects directly involved in a traumatic event. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms are identified by using specific questionnaires described in the section referring to investigation instruments. The study of the biological bases for PTSD has become particularly significant in recent years, and we analysed this context in greater detail for this reason, with particular reference to the role of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. An important boost of the study of PTSD is due to the increasing importance placed on prevention, understood as a reduction of the impact of psychiatric disorders which focusing on Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR), on psychological treatment, with the support of techniques that concerns cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacological treatment that involves the use of serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors, which are the forms studied most. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Review

Accuracy Verified: No

5147. Oh, D. H., & Choi, J. (2007). Changes in the regional cerebral perfusion after eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A SPECT study of two cases. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1(1), 24-30. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.1.1.24.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has emerged as a promising new treatment for trauma and other anxiety-based disorders. However, the neurobiological mechanism of EMDR has not been well understood. This study reports changes in the resting regional cerebral blood flow after successful EMDR treatment in 2 patients with PTSD. Brain 99mTc-ECD-SPECT (Technetium 99m-ethyl cysteinate dimmer-single photon emission computerized tomography) was performed before and after EMDR, and, in addition, a pre- and posttreatment comparison was made with 10 non-PTSD participants as a control group. After EMDR, cerebral perfusion increased in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and decreased in the temporal association cortex. The differences between participants and normal controls also decreased. Changes appeared mainly in the limbic area and the prefrontal cortex. These results are in line with current understanding of neurobiology of PTSD. EMDR treatment appears to reverse the functional imbalance between the limbic area and the prefrontal cortex. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Brain Imaging Females Koreans Motor Traffic Accidents Neuroimaging Neurophysiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychiatric Inpatients PTSD Rape RCBF Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5148. Oh, D., & Choi, J. (2004). Changes in the regional cerebral perfusion after EMDR: A SPECT study of two cases. Journal of the Korean Society of Biological Psychiatry, 11(2), 173-180.

Language: Korean

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Over the last decade, EMDR(Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) has emerged as a promising new treatment for trauma and other anxiety-based disorders. However, neurobiological mechanism of EMDR has not been well understood. Authors report SPECT findings of two patients of PTSD before and after EMDR.Brain 99mTc-ECD-SPECT was performed before and after EMDR treatment. To evaluate the significance of changes in the regional cerebral perfusion, t-test was conducted on the resulting images using SPM99 . In addition, clinical scales(CAPS, CGI, STAI) were employed to asses the changes in the clinical symptoms of the patients. After EMDR treatment, each showed significant improvement in clinical symptoms. The cerebral perfusion increased in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and decreased in the temporal association cortex. The differences in the cerebral perfusion between patients after treatment and normal controls decreased. These changes appeared mainly in the limbic area the and the prefrontal cortex.These results suggest that EMDR may show the therapeutic effect through 1) improvement in the emotional control by increased activity in the prefrontal cortex, 2) inhibited hyperstimuli on amygdala by deactivation of the association cortex, 3) inhibition on past trauma related memory, and 4) keeping the functional balance between the limbic area and the prefrontal cortex. This case report needs further replication from studies with larger sample. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Brain Imagining Adults Females Koreans Motor Vehicle Accidents Neurophysiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychiatric Inpatients PTSD: Rape SPECT Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5149. Ohtani, T., Matsuo, K., Kasai, K., Kato, T., & Kato, N. (2009, December). Hemodynamic responses of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in posttraumatic stress disorder. Neuroscience Research, 65(4), 375-383. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2009.08.014.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective psychological intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Trauma-related recall (Recall) with eye movements (EMs) is thought to reduce distress. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown. Thirteen patients with PTSD received EMDR treatment over the course of 2 to 10 weeks. We assessed the change in hemoglobin concentration in the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) during Recall with and without EM using multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Clinical diagnosis and improvement were evaluated using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. Recall with EM was associated with a significant decrease in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([oxy-Hb]) in the lateral PFC as compared with Recall without EM. Longitudinally, [oxy-Hb] during Recall significantly decreased and the amount of decrease was significantly correlated with clinical improvement when the post-treatment data was compared with that of the pre-treatment. Our results suggest that performing EM during Recall reduces the over-activity of the lateral PFC, which may be part of the biological basis for the efficacy of EMDR in PTSD. NIRS may be a useful tool for objective assessment of psychological intervention in PTSD.

Keywords: Hemodynamic Responses Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5150. Ohtani, T., Matsuo, K., Kasai, K., Kato, T., & Kato, N. (2010, February). Erratum to “Hemodynamic responses of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in posttraumatic stress disorder”. Neuroscience Research, 66(2), 232. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2009.12.002.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Reports an error in "Hemodynamic responses of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in posttraumatic stress disorder" by Toshiyuki Ohta ni, Koji Matsuo, Kiyoto Kasai, Tadafumi Kato and Nobumasa Kato (Neuroscience Research, 2009[Dec], Vol 65[4], 375-383). The publisher regrets that the surname of Dr. Ohtani was incorrectly spelt in the original article. The corrected author listing is given in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2009-20201-001). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective psychological intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Trauma-related recall (Recall) with eye movements (EMs) is thought to reduce distress. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown. Thirteen patients with PTSD received EMDR treatment over the course of 2–10 weeks. We assessed the change in hemoglobin concentration in the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) during Recall with and without EM using multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Clinical diagnosis and improvement were evaluated using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. Recall with EM was associated with a significant decrease in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([oxy-Hb]) in the lateral PFC as compared with Recall without EM. Longitudinally, [oxy-Hb] during Recall significantly decreased and the amount of decrease was significantly correlated with clinical improvement when the post-treatment data was compared with that of the pre-treatment. Our results suggest that performing EM during Recall reduces the over-activity of the lateral PFC, which may be part of the biological basis for the efficacy of EMDR in PTSD. NIRS may be a useful tool for objective assessment of psychological intervention in PTSD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Hemodynamic Responses Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5151. Ohtani, T., Matsuoa, K., Kasai, K., Katob, T., and Katoa, N. (2005, May). Hemodynamic response to emotional memory recall with eye movement. Neuroscience Letters, 380(1-2), 75-79. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2009.08.014.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Previous studies on rapid eye movement sleep have demonstrated the effect of eye movement on emotional memory. However, the brain mechanism involved in the influence of the eye movement on the emotional recall remains unclear. We investigated the prefrontal response during an emotional memory recall with and without eye movement. Ten healthy volunteers were recruited. The changes in concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin ([oxy-Hb]) in the prefrontal cortex were examined using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during a task that involved emotional recall with and without eye movement. Six participants demonstrated a significant increase in [oxy-Hb] during emotional recall, and the level of increase was reduced through repeated emotional recall with eye movement. The results suggest that eye movement is associated with a reduction in the hemodynamic response to emotional memory recall

Keywords: Eye Movement Emotional Recall Near-infrared Spectroscopy Prefrontal Cortex

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5152. Olson, T. (2001, February). Personal Acocunts: Four therapists and a client: A personal journey. Psychiatric Services, 52(2), 165-166.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A psychiatric nurse therapist describes his experience of suffering a mental disorder, variously diagnosed as PTSD, obsessive compulsive disorder, and panic disorder, and variously treated by a succession of therapists with strong orientations to particular diagnostic and therapeutic positions.[Pilots]

Keywords: Adults Americans Mental Health Personnel Males Managed Care Nurses Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder OCD Panic Disorder Personal Narrative Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD TFT Thought Field Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5153. Onofri, A. (2012, March-April). EMDR in psichiatria. Introduzione al supplemento [EMDR in psychiatry. Introduction to the supplement]. Rivista di Pschiatria, 47(Supplement 1), 1S-3S. doi:10.1078/1071.11730.

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
L’Autore, dopo aver sintetizzato in che cosa consiste l’EMDR, ricorda i riconoscimenti internazionali ricevuti da questa innovativa tecnica psicoterapeutica e riassume le principali ipotesi di funzionamento e gli studi di neurofisiologia. Specifica infine come, da tecnica terapeutica e metodo clinico, l’EMDR sia divenuto un approccio globale applicabile a molti campi della psicopatologia, fino alle situazioni post-traumatiche più complesse.

The Author, after having summarized what EMDR is, remebers the international aknowledgements it has received and points out the main hypothesis of functioning and the studies of neurophysiology. He specifies how EMDR, from an initial step of therapeutic technique and clinical method, has become a global approach useful from many fields of the psychopathology, till to the most complex post-traumatic situations.

Keywords: Psychiatry

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5154. Oras, R., de Ezpeleta, S. C., & Ahmad, A. (2004, June). Treatment of traumatized refugee children with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in a psychodynamic context. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 58(3), 199-203. doi:10.1080/08039480410006232.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This study examines the effects of a psychodynamic approach of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in treatment of traumatized refugee children. Among a child psychiatric outpatient refugee team, 13 children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), were treated by EMDR incorporated in a traditional psychodynamic therapeutic approach. The Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Scale for Children (PTSS-C) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) were administered before and after the treatment, to measure the effects. After treatment, a significant improvement was noticed in the functioning level and all PTSS-C scales, mostly in re-experiencing and least in the avoidance symptoms. The improvement in the functioning level was significantly correlated with the reduction of the PTSD-non-related and the depression, but not with that of the PTSD-related symptoms. Used in a psychodynamic context, EMDR is suggested to be effective treatment for traumatized refugee children. Our findings support the hypothesis of child-specific criteria for PTSD.

Keywords: Children Comorbidity Depressive Disorders Empirical Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Quantitative Study Refugees School Age Children Adolescents Stressors Survivors Trauma Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5155. Oren, U. (2002, November). EMDR. פסיכואקטואליה(Psychoactualia).

Language: Hebrew

Format: Journal

Abstract:
היא שיטת טיפול אינטגרטיביתEMDR ( Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) היא שיטת טיפול אינטגרטיבית שהוכיחה את יעילותה בטיפול במגוון של תלונות נפשיות הקשורות בין היתר לטראומה ולחרדה. מחקרים רבים מראים ששיטת EMDR מסוגלת להביא לעיבוד מהיר של זכרונות טראומטיים, המביאים לשינויים קוגניטיביים ורגשיים יציבים, ולהקלה ניכרת בסימפטומים התנהגותיים-גופניים. השיטה פותחה בסוף שנות ה-80 על ידי הפסיכולוגית האמריקנית ד"ר פרנסין שפירו ומאז עברו את ההכשרה עשרות אלפי מטפלים בכל העולם, ומתוכם למעלה מ- 750 מטפלים בישראל.

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a method of handling the tremendous attested the effectiveness in treating a variety of complaints related psychological trauma, among others. Many studies show that EMDR able to bring quick processing of traumatic memories, leading to changes in a stable, and emotional and behavioral-physical symptoms significantly.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5156. Oren, U., & Solomon, R. (2012). EMDR therapy: An overview of its development and mechanisms of action. Revue Européenne De Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 197-203. doi:10.1016/j.erap.2012.08.005.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Introduction: This article examines the history and development of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), from Dr. Francine Shapiro's original discovery in 1987, to current findings and future directions for research and clinical practice. Elements of the literature: An overview is provided of significant milestones in the evolution of EMDR over the first 20 years, including key events, research and scientific publications, and humanitarian efforts. The authors also describe the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model, which is the theoretical basis of the therapy; they address the question of mechanisms of action, and EMDR's specific contribution to the field of psychotherapy. Discussion: EMDR is an integrative psychotherapy, which sees dysfunctionally stored memories as the core element of the development of psychopathology. In its view of memory, it integrates information that is sensory, cognitive, emotional and somatic in nature. The EMDR protocol looks at past events that formed the presented problem, at the present situations where the problem is experienced, and at the way, the client would like to deal with future challenges. Conclusion: EMDR is a 25-year-old therapy that has accumulated a substantial body of research proving its efficiency, and is now part of many professional treatment guidelines. The research is pointing to its potentially large positive impact in the fields of mental and physical health.

Keywords: Development Mechanisms of Action

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5157. Ortigosa, J. M. (2000). Tratamiento de la hematofobia mediante la desensibilización por movimientos de los ojos y reprocesamiento (DMOR): Estudio de un caso infantil [Treatment blood phobia by eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR): Child case study]. Cuadernos de Medicina Psicosomática y Psiquiatria de Enlace, 53, 62-68 .

Language: Spanish

Format: Journal

Keywords: Blood Phobia Case Study Children

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5158. Ost, J., & Easton, S. (2006). NICE recommends EMDR for post traumatic stress disorder: Why?. Clinical Psychology Forum, 159, 23-26.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This paper reviews the promotion in the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) Guidelines for the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (March 2005) of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) as an equivalent to Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT).

Keywords: NICE Practice Guidelines

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5159. Oswalt, R., Anderson, M., Hagstrom, K., & Berkowitz, B. (1993, August). Evaluation of the one-session eye-movement desensitization reprocessing procedure for eliminating traumatic memories. Psychological Reports, 73(1), 99-104. doi:10.2466/pr0.1993.73.1.99 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye-movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new therapy technique originally reported to eliminate traumatic memories (rape, catastrophes) in one session. Early published research has tended to support the technique. However, there is controversy and at least one unpublished recent study by Rothbaum who reported only about one-half of her cases had successful outcomes. The present study was conducted as a preliminary evaluation in 1990. Our results were judged to be unsuccessful in five of eight cases and successful in three cases. Further, the cases with the most pathology improved the least. The techniques, cases, and outcomes are presented to provide additional data on this new and controversial therapeutic technique. [Author Summary]

Keywords: Americans College Students Empirical Study Intrusive Thoughts Psychiatric Inpatients Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5160. Oz, S. (2005). The "wall of fear": The bridge between the traumatic event and trauma resolution therapy for childhood sexual abuse survivors. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 14(3), 23-47. doi:10.1300/J070v14n03_02.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A multitude of published books and papers on child sexual abuse (CSA) describe symptoms, long-term effects, and therapy for survivors of abuse. However, the parallels between the nature of the sexual trauma event(s) as originally experienced by the victim and the therapeutic process into which the survivor later becomes engaged have not been reported. This paper attempts to fill that gap and proposes that the concept of a "Wall of Fear" is the bridge connecting the two. In the first part of the paper, a model of the CSA experience based upon Furniss will be explained in order to point out the basis for the dissociation and other symptomology demonstrated by the CSA victim. Following that, the stages of therapy will be mapped out, with special attention to the concept of the Wall of Fear and traumatic memory resolution (abreactions) and with reference to the experience of the original traumatic events. Therapist fear of decompensation will be addressed. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Child Abuse Rape Survivors Effects Psychotherapeutic Processes Adults Body Psychotherapy TIR Traumatic Incident Reduction

Accuracy Verified: No

5161. Ozdemir, G. (2010, Kasım). EMDR: Fibromiyalji tedavisinde yeni bir seçenek? [EMDR: A new option in the treatment of fibromyalgia?]. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi [Journal of Clinical Psychiatry], 13(24).

Language: Turkish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Sayın değerlendirme kurulu Fibromiyalji tedavisinde EMDR kullanımı başlıklı makaleyi okudum.Güzel bir çalışma olmuş.Ülkemizde EMDR psikiyatristlerin son dönemlerde ilgi alanına girmiştir.EMDR yi terapi olarak değilde bir teknik olarak değerlendirmek daha doğru olur düşüncesindeyim.Makale güzel hazırlanmış bir vaka sunumu. Bazı yazım yanlışları mevcut.Bunun dışında seansların ne kadar sıklıkla uygulandığı belirtilmemiş.Bu düzeltemlerin yapılmasının uygun olacağı düşüncesindeyim.

The use of EMDR in the treatment of fibromyalgia okudum.Güzel article titled Dear evaluation board is a working interest in recent years psychiatrists girmiştir.EMDR olmuş.Ülkemizde EMDR therapy, not as good as a technique would be more accurate to assess a case report düşüncesindeyim.Makale beautifully crafted. Some of the sessions except for the spelling mistakes mevcut.Bunun belirtilmemiş.Bu düzeltemlerin be better applied to believe how often.

Keywords: Fibromyalgia

Accuracy Verified: No

5162. Pagani, M., Di Lorenzo, G., Monaco, L., Niolu, C., Siracusano, A., Verardo, A. R., Lauretti, G., Fernandez, I., Nicolais, G., Cogolo, P., & Ammaniti, M. (2011). Pretreatment, intratreatment, and posttreatment EEG imaging of EMDR: Methodology and preliminary results from a single case. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(2), 42-56. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.2.42.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Electroencephalography (EEG), due to its peculiar time and spatial resolution, was used for the first time to fully monitor neuronal activation during the whole eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) session, including the autobiographical script. The present case report describes the dominant cortical activations (Z-score >1.5) during the first EMDR session and in the last session after the client processed the index trauma. During the first EMDR session, prefrontal limbic cortex was essentially activated during script listening and during lateral eye movements in the desensitization phase of EMDR. In the last EMDR session, the prevalent electrical activity was recorded in temporal, parietal, and occipital cortical regions, with a clear leftward lateralization. These findings suggest a cognitive processing of the traumatic event following successful EMDR therapy and support evidence of distinct neurobiological patterns of brain activations during lateral eye movements in the desensitization phase of EMDR.

Keywords: Bilateral Ocular Stimulation Cortical Activation EEG

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5163. Pagani, M., Di Lorenzo, G., Verardo, A. R., Nicolais, G., Lauretti, G., Russo, R., Cogolo, P., Niolu, C., Ammaniti, M., Siracusano, A., & Fernandez, I. (2012, January). P-1162 Pre- intra- and post-treatment EEG imaging of EMDR - neurobiological bases of treatment efficacy. European Psychiatry, 27(Supplement 1), 1-1. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(12)75329-4.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Aim: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a recognized first-line treatment for psychological trauma. However its neurobiological bases have not been disclosed yet. Methods: Electroencephalography was used for the first time to fully monitor neuronal activation during whole EMDR sessions including the autobiographical script. Nine clients with major psychological trauma were investigated during the first EMDR session and during the last one performed after processing the index trauma. Comparisons between the EEG of the first and last EMDR session and between the EEG of the clients at the first session and those of 9 controls undergoing the same EMDR procedure were performed. Results: During both script listening and bilateral stimulation EEG showed significantly higher activity in the prefrontal limbic cortex (Brodmann Areas, BA 9–10) at the first as compared to the last EMDR session. The opposite comparison showed a shift of the prevalent activity towards temporal, parietal and occipital cortical regions (BAs 20, 21, 22, 37, 17, 18, 19) with leftward lateralisation. The comparison between the 9 clients and the 9 controls confirmed the maximal activation in the limbic cortex in the clients before processing the trauma. Conclusions: The implemented methodology made possible to image for the first time the specific activations associated with the therapeutic actions contemplated by EMDR. The findings suggest cognitive processing of traumatic events following successful EMDR therapy supporting the evidence of distinct neurobiological patterns of brain activations during bilateral ocular stimulation associated with a significant relieve from negative emotional experiences.

Keywords: EEG Imaging Neurobiology

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5164. Pagani, M., DiLorenzo, G., Verardo, A. R., Nicolais, G., Monaco, L., Lauretti, G., Russo, R., Niolu, C., Ammaniti, M. Fernandex, I., & Siracusano, A. (2012). Neurobiological correlates of EMDR monitoring - an EEG study. PLoS ONE, 7(9), 1-12. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045753.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a recognized first-line treatment for psychological trauma. However its neurobiological bases have yet to be fully disclosed. Methods: Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to fully monitor neuronal activation throughout EMDR sessions including the autobiographical script. Ten patients with major psychological trauma were investigated during their first EMDR session (T0) and during the last one performed after processing the index trauma (T1). Neuropsychological tests were administered at the same time. Comparisons were performed between EEGs of patients at T0 and T1 and between EEGs of patients and 10 controls who underwent the same EMDR procedure at T0. Connectivity analyses were carried out by lagged phase synchronization. RESULTS: During bilateral ocular stimulation (BS) of EMDR sessions EEG showed a significantly higher activity on the orbito-frontal, prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in patients at T0 shifting towards left temporo-occipital regions at T1. A similar trend was found for autobiographical script with a higher firing in fronto-temporal limbic regions at T0 moving to right temporo-occipital cortex at T1. The comparisons between patients and controls confirmed the maximal activation in the limbic cortex of patients occurring before trauma processing. Connectivity analysis showed decreased pair-wise interactions between prefrontal and cingulate cortex during BS in patients as compared to controls and between fusiform gyrus and visual cortex during script listening in patients at T1 as compared to T0. These changes correlated significantly with those occurring in neuropsychological tests. Conclusion: The ground-breaking methodology enabled our study to image for the first time the specific activations associated with the therapeutic actions typical of EMDR protocol. The findings suggest that traumatic events are processed at cognitive level following successful EMDR therapy, thus supporting the evidence of distinct neurobiological patterns of brain activations during BS associated with a significant relief from negative emotional experiences.

Keywords: EEG Study Neurobiological Correlates

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5165. Pagani, M., Hogberg, G., Salmaso, D, Tarnell, B., Nardo, D., Sundin, Ö., Jonsson, C., Soares, J., Aberg-Wistedt, A., Jacobsson, H., Larsson, S.A., Hällström, T. (2007, October). Effects of EMDR psychotherapy on 99mTc-HMPAO distribution in occupation-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Nuclear Medicine Communications, 28(10), 757-765. doi:10.1097/MNM.0b013e3282742035.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a derangement of mood control with involuntary, emotionally fraught recollections that may follow deep psychological trauma in susceptible individuals. This condition is treated with pharmacological and/or cognitive therapies as well as psychotherapy with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). However, only a very limited number of studies have been published dealing with work-related PTSD, and investigations on the effect of treatment on cerebral blood flow represent an even smaller number. Aim: To investigate the short-term outcome of occupation-related PTSD after EMDR therapy by 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT. Method: Fifteen patients, either train drivers suffering from PTSD after having been unintentionally responsible for a person-under-train accident or employees assaulted in the course of duty, were recruited for the study. 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT was performed on these patients both before and after EMDR therapy while they listened to a script portraying the traumatic event. Tracer distribution analysis was then carried out at volume of interest (VOI) level using a three-dimensional standardized brain atlas, and at voxel level by SPM. The CBF data of the 15 patients were compared before and after treatment as well as with those of a group of 27 controls who had been exposed to the same psychological traumas without developing PTSD. Results: At VOI analysis significant CBF distribution differences were found between controls and patients before and after treatment (P=0.023 and P=0.0039, respectively). Eleven of the 15 patients responded to treatment, i.e., following EMDR they no longer fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. When comparing only the eleven responders with the controls, the significant group difference found before EMDR (P=0.019) disappeared after treatment. Responders and non-responders showed after therapy significant regional differences in frontal, parieto-occipital and visual cortex and in hippocampus. SPM analysis showed significant uptake differences between patients and controls in the orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann 11) and the temporal pole (Brodmann 38) both before and after treatment. A significant tracer distribution difference present before treatment in the uncus (Brodmann 36) disappeared after treatment, while a significant difference appeared in the lateral temporal lobe (Brodmann 21). Conclusion: Significant 99mTc-HMPAO uptake regional differences were found, mainly in the peri-limbic cortex, between PTSD patients and controls exposed to trauma but not developing PTSD. Tracer uptake differences between responders and patients not responding to EMDR were found after treatment suggesting a trend towards normalization of tracer distribution after successful therapy. These findings in occupational related PTSD are consistent with previously described effects of psychotherapy on anxiety disorders. [PubMed]

Keywords: 99mTc-HMPAO Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5166. Pagani, M., Högberg, G., Fernandez, I., & Siracusano, A. (2013). Correlates of EMDR therapy in functional and structural neuroimaging: A critical summary of recent findings. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 7(1), 29-38. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.7.1.29.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Neuroimaging investigations of the effects of psychotherapies treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), have reported findings consistent with modifications in cerebral blood flow (CBF; single photon emission computed tomography [SPECT]), in neuronal volume and density (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), and more recently in brain electric signal (electroencephalography [EEG]). Additionally in the recent past, EMDR- related neurobiological changes were monitored by EEG during therapy itself and showed a shift of the maximal activation from emotional limbic to cortical cognitive brain regions. This was the first time in which neurobiological changes occurring during any psychotherapy session have been reported, making EMDR the first psychotherapy with a proven neurobiological effect. The purpose of this article was to review the results of functional and structural changes taking place at PTSD treatment and presented during the period of 1999–2012 by various research groups. The reported pathophysiological changes are presented by neuropsychological technique and implemented methodology and critically analyzed.

Keywords: EEG Limbic System MRI Neurobiology SPECT

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5167. Pagani, M., Lorenzo, Gd., Verardo, A., Nicolais, G., Monaco, L., Niolu, C., Fernandez, I., & Siracusano, A. (2012, March-April). Substrato neurobiologico della terapia con EMDR [Neurobiological correlates of EMDR therapy]. Rivista di Psichiatria, 47(Supplement 1), 16S-18S. doi: 10.1708/1071.11734.

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
I EEG in un gruppo di dieci soggetti con grave trauma psicologico trattati con EMDR e in dieci controlli sono stati registrati sia durante l'ascolto del racconto autobiografico del trauma indice (script) e nel corso di una intera sessione EMDR. Gli EEG sono stati eseguiti nuovamente durante l'ultima sessione di EMDR quando i pazienti erano liberi da sintomi. Durante l'ascolto uno script di attivazione prevalente delle regioni limbiche corrispondenti alla corteccia prefrontale e orbitofrontale è stato registrato, essere spiegato come l'eccitazione emotiva durante trauma rivivere nella fase sintomatica. La diminuzione significativa di tali attivazioni durante la fase tardiva asintomatica rappresenta il correlato neurobiologico del recupero. Inoltre, l'evidenza di una significativa attivazione corticale nelle aree temporo-parieto-occipitale, durante l'ultima sessione, suggerisce uno switch del segnale elettrico dominante verso aree corticali con funzione prevalente cognitiva.

The EEGs in a group of ten subjects with major psychological trauma treated with EMDR and in ten controls have been registered both during the listening of the autobiographical narrative of the index trauma (script) and during a whole EMDR session. The EEGs have been performed again during the last EMDR session when patients were free of symptoms. During script listening a prevalent activation of the limbic regions corresponding to prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex has been registered, being explained as the emotional arousal during trauma reliving at the symptomatic phase. The significant decrease of such activations during the late asymptomatic phase represents the neurobiological correlate of recovery. Moreover, the evidence of significant cortical activation in the parietal-temporo-occipital areas, during the last session, suggests a switch of the dominant electrical signal towards cortical areas with a prevalent cognitive function.

Keywords: Neurobiology

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5168. Pagani, M., Nardo, D., Flumeri, F., Salmaso, D., Looi, J., Sanchez-Crespo, A., Larsson, S.A., Sundin, Ö., Hogberg, G., & Bejerot, S. (2009, January). P03-58 volumetric changes in PTSD and in a subgroup of PTSD patients not responding to EMDR psychotherapy. European Psychiatry, 24(Supplement 1), S1057-S1057. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(09)71290-8.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Background: Several studies have reported limbic structures volume decrease in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, in PTSD the effect of therapy on brain structures has seldom been investigated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the grey matter (GM) loss in occupational related PTSD and to assess the volumetric differences between patients responding (R) and non-responding (NR) to psychotherapy. Methods: Pre-EMDR MRI data of 21 train drives who did develop PTSD (S) and 22 who did not develop PTSD (NS) after person-under-the-train accidents were compared. Within S further comparisons were made between 10 R to Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy and 5 NR. Data were analysed by optimised voxel-based morphometry as implemented in Statistical Parametric Mapping. Results: As compared to NS, S showed a significant GM volume reduction in precuneus, lingual gyrus, posterior cingulate and parahippocampal cortex. The R>NR comparison highlighted a significant GM reduction in NR in bilateral posterior cingulate, left middle frontal cortex and right parahippocampal, insular and temporal cortices. Conclusions: Comparing two large groups of subjects significant GM volumetric reductions were found in PTSD in posterior limbic structures. NR showed, as compared to R, volume reduction in cortical structures including posterior cingulate and parahippocampal cortex. These latter two structures seem to be the hallmark for both PTSD diagnosis and therapy outcome prediction.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5169. Pagani, M., Nardo, D., Flumeri, F., Salmaso. D., Looi, J., Sanchez-Crespo, A., Larsson, S. A., Sundin, Ö., Hogberg, G., Bejerot, S. (2009, January). PW04-01 Volumetric changes in PTSD and in a subgroup of PTSD patients not responding to EMDR psychotherapy. European Psychiatry, 24(Supplement 1), S355. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(09)70588-7.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
(1)Background: Several studies have reported limbic structures volume decrease in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, in PTSD the effect of therapy on brain structures has seldom been investigated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the grey matter (GM) loss in occupational related PTSD and to assess the volumetric differences between patients responding (R) and non-responding (NR) to psychotherapy. (2)Methods: Pre-EMDR MRI data of 21 train drives who did develop PTSD (S) and 22 who did not develop PTSD (NS) after person-under-the-train accidents were compared. Within S further comparisons were made between 10 R to Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy and 5 NR. Data were analysed by optimised voxel-based morphometry as implemented in Statistical Parametric Mapping. (3)Results: As compared to NS, S showed a significant GM volume reduction in precuneus, lingual gyrus, posterior cingulate and parahippocampal cortex. The R>NR comparison highlighted a significant GM reduction in NR in bilateral posterior cingulate, left middle frontal cortex and right parahippocampal, insular and temporal cortices. (4)Conclusions: Comparing two large groups of subjects significant GM volumetric reductions were found in PTSD in posterior limbic structures. NR showed, as compared to R, volume reduction in cortical structures including posterior cingulate and parahippocampal cortex. These latter two structures seem to be the hallmark for both PTSD diagnosis and therapy outcome prediction.

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5170. Page, A., & Crino, R. (1993, June). Eye-movement desensitization: A simple treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder?. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 27(2), 288-293.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye-movement desensitisation has been identified in a number of case studies to be an effective treatment for PTSD. A further case study reporting success is presented. The treatment appears rapid and may represent a potentially cost-effective treatment for PTSD. However, no treatment study to date has conformed to the ideal methodology of a double-blind placebo controlled trial and therefore its efficacy remains to be demonstrated. A minimal but stringent set of criteria for identification of treatment efficacy are outlined. The implications of eye-movement desensitisation being identified as an effective treatment for PTSD are discussed. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Review Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5171. Panseri, L. (2001, Augusto). L'integrazione delle stimolazioni bilaterali alternate nel processo terapeutico: Alcune riflessioni [The integration of alternating bilateral stimulation in the therapeutic process: Some reflections]. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 7(2), 159.

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Non disponibile astratto.
No abstract available.

Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5172. Park, S.-C., Park, Y.-C., Lee, M.-S., & Chang, H. S. (2012, March). Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor level may contribute to the therapeutic response to eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing in complex post-traumatic stress disorder: A pilot study. Acta Neuropsychiatrica. doi:10.1111/j.1601-5215.2011.00623.x.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
We investigated the relationship between plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) and responses to eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) in complex PTSD. Before and after EMDR, plasma levels of neurotrophic factors and scores in the indices of self-questionnaires were obtained for 8 men with complex PTSD. Baseline plasma levels of BDNF and NGF of responders and of non-responders were compared. The plasma BDNF levels of responders were higher than those of non-responders. However, plasma NGF levels did not differ in two groups. Plasma BDNF level might contribute to the therapeutic response to EMDR in trauma-related psychiatric disorders, such as complex PTSD. [Text]

Keywords: Pilot Study Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Level Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5173. Parker, A., & Dagnall, N. (2007, April). Effects of bilateral eye movements on gist based false recognition in the DRM paradigm. Brain and Cognition, 63(3), 221–225. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2006.08.005 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The effects of saccadic bilateral (horizontal) eye movements on gist based false recognition was investigated. Following exposure to lists of words related to a critical but non-studied word participants were asked to engage in 30s of bilateral vs. vertical vs. no eye movements. Subsequent testing of recognition memory revealed that those who undertook bilateral eye movement were more likely to correctly recognise previously presented words and less likely to falsely recognise critical non-studied associates. This result joins other research in demonstrating the conditions in which false memory effects can be attenuated.

Keywords: DRM Paradigm Eye Movements False Recognition

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5174. Parker, A., Buckley, S., & Dagnall, N. (2009, February). Reduced misinformation effects following saccadic bilateral eye movements. Brain and Cognition, 69(1), 89-97. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2008.05.009 .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The effects of saccadic bilateral (horizontal) eye movements on memory for a visual event narrative were investigated. In the study phase, participants were exposed to a set of pictures accompanied by a verbal commentary describing the events depicted in the pictures. Next, the participants were asked either misleading or control questions about the depicted event and were then asked to engage in 30 s of bilateral vs. vertical vs. no eye movements. Finally, recognition memory was tested using the remember–know procedure. It was found that bilateral eye movements increased true memory for the event, increased recollection, and decreased the magnitude of the misinformation effect. The findings are discussed in terms of source monitoring, dual-process theories of memory and the potential neural foundations of such effects.

Keywords: Bilateral Eye Movements False Memory Hemispheric Interaction Misinformation Effects Source Memory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5175. Parker, A., Relph, S., & Dagnall, N. (2008, January). Effects of bilateral eye movements on the retrieval of item, associative, and contextual information. Neuropsychology, 22(1), 136-145. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.22.1.136.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Two experiments are reported that investigate the effects of saccadic bilateral eye movements on the retrieval of item, associative, and contextual information. Experiment 1 compared the effects of bilateral versus vertical versus no eye movements on tests of item recognition, followed by remember-know responses and associative recognition. Supporting previous research, bilateral eye movements enhanced item recognition by increasing the hit rate and decreasing the false alarm rate. Analysis of remember-know responses indicated that eye movement effects were accompanied by increases in remember responses. The test of associative recognition found that bilateral eye movements increased correct responses to intact pairs and decreased false alarms to rearranged pairs. Experiment 2 assessed the effects of eye movements on the recall of intrinsic (color) and extrinsic (spatial location) context. Bilateral eye movements increased correct recall for both types of context. The results are discussed within the framework of dual-process models of memory and the possible neural underpinnings of these effects are considered. [PsycINFO]

Keywords: Bilateral Stimulation BLS Eye Movements

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5176. Parker, C., Doctor, R. M., & Selvam, R. (2008, September). Somatic therapy treatment effects with tsunami survivors. Traumatology, 14(3). 103-109. doi:10.1177/1534765608319080.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This is an uncontrolled field study of the outcome effects of a somatically based therapy with tsunami victims in southern India. One hundred and fifty (150) participants, prescreened for trauma symptoms, received 75 minutes of somatic therapy and training in affect modulation and self-regulation. The results indicate a reliable and significant treatment effect at immediate, 4-week, and 8-month follow-up assessments. At the 8-month follow-up, 90% of participants reported significant improvement or being completely free of symptoms of intrusion, arousal, and avoidance. The results support the effectiveness and reliability of this modified version of Somatic Experiencing Therapy in working with trauma reactions and invite future controlled trials of this therapy.

Keywords: IES Impact of Event Scale Posttraumatic Stress Post-Tsunami Symptoms PTSD Somatic Therapy Somatic Experiencing Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5177. Parnell, L. (1996). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and spiritual unfolding. Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 28(2), 129-153.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The purpose of this article is to desctibe how EMDR functions therapeutically and explore some of the psychospiritual potentials that may have been associated with its use. EHtically, only licensed mental health professionals and interns who are supervised by EMDR-trained clinicians may practice EMDR. Once such professionals have completed such training, they will also need to apply all of their clinical skils to help their clients safely experience the deep and complex transformations that come about in the intensive sessions. For these reasons, non-therapists and therapist not formoally trained in EMDR should not attempt to use the eye movements of this procedure on themselves and others. (Author purpose]

Keywords: Psychospirituality

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5178. Pasternak, J. (2006). Teoretyczne podstawy terapii odwrazliwienia za pomoca ruchow oczu [Theoretical basis of therapy desensitization using eye movements]. Studia z Psychologii w KUL [Study of psychology at the Catholic University of Lubin], 13, 217-232.

Language: Polish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Odwrazliwienie za pomoca ruchów oczu (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing – EMDR) jest metoda oparta na obserwacji i materiale klinicznym, a nie na twierdzeniach okreslonej teorii.

Desensitization using eye movements (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing - EMDR) is a method based on observations and material clinical and not on the claims of a definite theory.

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5179. Pasternak, J. (2009). Skuteczność terapii odwrażliwiania za pomoca̧ ruchów gałek ocznych (EMDR) u leczonych ambulatoryjnie pacjentów z zaburzeniem stresowym pourazowym [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing effectiveness in outpatient psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder]. Postepy Psychiatrii i Neurologii, 18(3), 247-254 .

Language: Polish

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Objectives. The psychological study was aimed at evaluation of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), hypothesized to be effective in PTSD treatment. Method. Participants in the study were 60 outpatients (16 men and 44 women) aged 18-55, diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They were treated with psychotherapy at the Outpatient Mental Health Clinic in Rzeszów. The patients were randomly divided into two equinumerous groups: "immediate", starting treatment directly after the initial diagnostic assessment, and "delayed", receiving the same treatment after one month delay. In the pre-and post-treatment assessment a PTSD questionnaire by Pasternak was used (in the "delayed" group an additional assessment was made 1 month after the initial one, i.e. directly preceding therapy). Results. In a vast majority of patients a statistically significant reduction in PTSD symptoms severity was noted. Three subgroups differing in treatment outcome (as measured by the Pasternak PTSD Scale scores) were identified, whose therapy was: successful (n = 37), moderately effective (n = 14), or unsuccessful (n = 9). Conclusions. The findings suggest that Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing turned out to be an effective technique in the treatment for PTSD, both in the whole sample under study, and in the subgroups ("immediate" and "delayed"). © 2009 Instytut Psychiatrii i Neurologii

Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5180. Pasternak, J., Radochonski, M., & Perenc L. (1999). Terapia zaburzen stresowych pourazowych metoda EMDR [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing]. Przeglad Naukowy Instytutu Wychowania Fizycznego i Zdrowotnego WSP w Rzeszowie [Preview the Scientific Institute of Physical Education and Health WSP Rzeszów], III(3-4), 101-104. .

Language: Polish

Format: Journal

Keywords: Practice Theory

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5181. Paulsen, S. L. (1995, March). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Its cautious use in the dissociative disorders. Dissociation: Progress in the Dissociative Disorders, 8(1), 32-44.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is described in terms of clinical phenomena, the need for appropriate training in EMDR, and the consistency of neural network theory with BASK theory of dissociation. EMDR treatment failures occur in dissociative disorder patients when EMDR is used without making diagnosis of the underlying dissociative condition and without modifying the EMDR procedure to accommodate it. Careful informed consent and the use of the dissociative table technique can allow EMDR to move successfully to completion in a dissociative patient. Certain "red flags" contraindicate the use of EMDR for some dissociative patients. A protocol for EMDR with dissociative patients is offered, for crisis intervention (rarely appropriate), abreactive trauma work, and integration/fusion. The safety and effectiveness of EMDR's use in the dissociative disorders requires adequate preparation and skillful trouble-shooting during the EMDR. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Adults Crisis Intervention Dissociative Disorders Females Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5182. Paunovic, N. (2002, April). Prolonged exposure counterconditioning (PEC) as a treatment for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder and major depression in an adult survivor of repeated child sexual and physical abuse. Clinical Case Studies, 1(2), 148-169. doi:10.1177/1534650102001002004.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Prolonged exposure counterconditioning (PEC) was tested as a treatment for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in an adult survivor of repeated child sexual and physical abuse. PEC utilizes imaginal reliving of very pleasurable life moments in order to weaken traumatic conditioned emotional responses (CERs). A higher-order conditioned stimuli (CS) is used as a traumatic CER elicitor. Prolonged imaginal reliving of pleasurable CSs is used as a counterconditioner to the traumatic CERs. A statistical technique for analyzing single-case subject designs based on classical test theory was used to evaluate the client’s progress in treatment. Results showed that PEC effectively decreased the client’s PTSD symptoms, depression, and anxiety. In addition, the client’s negative cognitions became considerably more positive. Also, the client lost his comorbid conditions of chronic major depressive disorder and social phobia. Finally, other clinically observed symptoms, which are described in the article, improved markedly. All results were maintained at a 3-month follow-up.

Keywords: Imaginal Reliving PEC Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prolonged Exposure Counterconditioning PTSD

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5183. Pearson, H. J. (2009). Present and accounted for: Sensory stimulation and parietal neuroplasticity. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(1), 39-49. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.1.39.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
There are commonalities between neurologic syndromes arising from lesions of the parietal cortex and psychiatric syndromes secondary to psychological trauma. Additionally some posttraumatic syndromes may reflect functional disruption of parietal areas. Directional or bilateral alternating peripheral sensory stimulation appear to assist in the amelioration of a wide range of clinical conditions, including the neglect syndrome and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. It is posited that the stimulation may exert its effect through activation of parietal higher-order functions. The activation may result in an integration of sensory information and an updating of the current representation of person and space, which incorporates an awareness of current body reality, sense of self, and world view. It is hypothesized that the EMDR procedure is ideally constructed to facilitate parietal activation through multimodal sensory stimulation, attention and episodic memory retrieval and focus on internal and external body, space, and self. Further investigations and an integration of data between disciplines are suggested, in order to expand our range of effective treatments.

Keywords: Neglect Parietal Lobe Plasticity

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5184. Pedone, E. (2010, June). Terapia familiare con l'ausilio dell'EMDR: Uno strumento forte per elaborare piccoli e grandi traumi vissuti dai bambini e dagli adulti [Family therapy with the aid of EMDR: A powerful instrument to process small and big traumas experienced by children and adults]. Ecologia della Mente, 33(1), 35-48, 0394-1310.

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
The use of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in several cases of Family Therapy I treated effectively accelerated the resolution of problems. The EMDR is defined by its originator, Francine Shapiro, as a method mainly used to access, process the memories of traumatic experiences, memories that trigger the patient's current psychological disorders, and to lead to their adaptive resolution. I will describe a few cases of family therapy and, for one of them, I will focus on a session in which, with the help of the EMDR, I accompanied the patient, whom I will call Giulia (the mother in the family undergoing treatment), in the reprocessing of a trauma she experienced 16 years earlier: the death of her 6-month-old daughter. During the session, Giulia revisited the traumatic memory by expressing thoughts, feelings, and physical reactions linked to the event. During the processing phase, she distanced herself, she saw herself again in her pain, felt compassion for it, and then she favored the access to positive thoughts that had been frozen for all those past years. The surprising aspect is that the processing took place in a single session, something that usually requires a much longer psychotherapy treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)

Keywords: Emotional Trauma Family Therapy

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5185. Pellicer, X. (1993). Eye movement desensitization treatment of a child's nightmares: A case report. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 24(1), 73-75. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(93)90011-K.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
A new therapeutic method (eye movement desensitization), described in 1989 by Shapiro, was applied to the treatment of recurrent nightmares in a 10-year-old girl. The technique, in a single session, resulted in the complete remission of the nightmares. There was no relapse during a 6 month follow-up. [Author Summary]

Keywords: Case Report Females Nightmare Disorder School Age Children Spaniards Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5186. Pelling, N., Brear, P., & Lau, M. (2006, June). A survey of advertised Australian counsellors. International Journal of Psychology, 41(3), 204-215, DOI: 10.1080/00207590544000202. .

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
As counselling is a developing profession without statutory regulation in Australia, anyone can engage in counselling practice and use “counsellor” as a professional title. Not much is known about those who call themselves counsellors in Australia. This survey research in a field setting aimed to describe Australian Yellow Pages Advertised Counsellors, thus providing a snapshot of advertised counsellors in Australia. This research was thus designed to describe those who are engaging in advertised counselling practice in Australia. Data was collected using a multiple mailing survey method and resulted in a 62.2% return rate. The counsellors' (1) demographic characteristics, (2) counselling training and development, (3) provision of counselling services, and (4) professional involvement were assessed. Advertised Australian counsellors tend to be female, mature, Caucasian, married or partnered, heterosexual, have families, and hold Christian beliefs. The majority of counsellors live in urban areas. The field could arguably benefit from increasing the diversity of its members. Nevertheless, advertised Australian counsellors are qualified professionals who tend to hold university qualifications and are likely to have received their training in counselling from a university provider. They are experienced service providers and engage in ongoing supervision as a supervisee. Moreover, these counsellors are involved in a variety of professional organizations. Advertised Australian counsellors, however, often struggle with issues related to burnout. They demonstrate their belief in the power of counselling by engaging in personal counselling. Advertised Australian counsellors actively engage in professional development, read professional journals, and report wanting further training regarding cognitive behaviour therapy, family therapy, EMDR, hypnosis, and trauma‐related difficulties. The majority of counsellors indicate making $40,000 or less per year. Survey results clearly indicate that the professionalisation of counselling is underway. Tandis que le counseling est une profession en développement sans régulation statutaire en Australie, n'importe qui peut s'engager dans la pratique du counseling et utiliser le titre professionnel de “conseiller.” Très peu est connu sur ceux qui se prétendent conseillers en Australie. Cette enquête visait à décrire les conseillers annonçant dans les pages jaunes en Australie, permettant d'avoir une image de ces derniers. Elle cherchait donc à décrire ceux qui étaient engagés dans la pratique du counseling publicisé en Australie. Les données furent collectées par le biais d'une méthode d'enquête par multiples envois postaux résultant à un taux de réponse de 62,2%. Les facteurs évalués chez les conseillers incluent: (a) les caractéristiques démographiques, (b) la formation et le développement en counseling, (c) les services desservis et (d) l'implication professionnelle. Les conseillers australiens publicisés tendent à montrer les caractéristiques suivantes: femmes, matures, caucasiens, mariés ou en couple, hétérosexuels, ayant une famille et ayant des croyances chrétiennes. La majorité des conseillers vivent dans les zones urbaines. Le domaine peut sans conteste bénéficier d'une plus grande diversité de ses membres. Néanmoins, les conseillers australiens publicisés sont des professionnels qualifiés qui tendent à posséder des qualifications universitaires et qui sont susceptibles d'avoir reçu leur formation en counseling d'une université. Les conseillers australiens publicisés sont des professionnels d'expérience et sont engagés dans de la supervision en tant que supervisés. De plus, ces conseillers sont impliqués dans une variété d'organizations professionnelles. Cependant, ils font souvent face à des problèmes reliés au burn‐out. Ils montrent leur croyance dans le pouvoir du counseling en recevant eux‐mêmes des services de counseling. Les conseillers australiens publicisés s'engagent activement dans le développement professionnel, ils lisent des revues professionnelles et ils rapportent vouloir davantage de formation sur la thérapie cognitivo‐comportementale, la thérapie familiale, la désensibilisation et le retraitement du mouvement de l'oeil, l'hypnose et les difficultés reliées aux traumatismes. La majorité d'entre eux indique faire 40,000$ ou moins par année. Les résultats de cette enquête indiquent clairement que la professionnalisation du counseling est sur la bonne voie. Debido a que en Australia el consejo es una profesión en desarrollo sin reglamentación estatutaria, cualquier persona pued.

Keywords: Counseling Counselor Characteristics Counselors Counselor Education Empirical Study Professional Development Professional Organizations Quantitative Study

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5187. Perkins, B., & Rouanzoin, C. (2002, January). A critical evaluation of current views regarding eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Clarifying points of confusion. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 77-97. doi:10.1002/jclp.1130.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
EMDR is an active psychological treatment for PTSD that has received widely divergent reactions from the scientific and professional community. This article examines points of confusion in the published literature on EMDR, including the theoretical, empirical, and historical issues around EMDR and placebo effects, exposure procedures, the eye movement component, treatment fidelity issues, and outcome studies. It also examines historical information relevant to the scientific process and charges of "pseudoscience" regarding EMDR. We conclude that the confusion in the literature is due to (a) the lack of an empirically validated model capable of convincingly explaining the effects of the EMDR method, (b) inaccurate and selective reporting of research, (c) some poorly designed empirical studies, (d) inadequate treatment fidelity in some outcome research, and (e) multiple biased or inaccurate reviews by a relatively small group of authors. Reading the original research articles frequently helps to reduce the confusion arising from the research review literature. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Literature Review Methodology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Professional Criticism PTSD Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5188. Petermann, F., & Winkel, S. (2007). Selbstverletzendes verhalten - Diagnostik und psychotherapeutische ansätze [Self-injury - diagnosis and psychotherapeutic approaches]. Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie, Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 55(2), 123-133. doi:10.1024/1661-4747.55.2.123.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Selbstverletzendes Verhalten wie Sich-Schneiden und Kratzen kommt sowohl bei männlichen als auch bei weiblichen Jugendlichen verhältnismäßig häufig vor. Es handelt sich dabei in den meisten Fällen um den Ausdruck schwerwiegender psychischer und/oder sozialer Belastungen und sollte als Hinweis darauf gewertet werden, dass der oder die Jugendliche Hilfe und Unterstützung benötigt. Dieser Beitrag befasst sich vor allem mit den aktuellen Möglichkeiten der Diagnostik und Therapie selbstverletzenden Verhaltens. Beispielhaft werden Selbstbeurteilungsinstrumente vorgestellt, die verschiedene Aspekte selbstverletzenden Verhaltens detailliert erfassen. Sie können bei der Identifikation und Differenzialdiagnostik, aber auch zur Vorbereitung, Begleitung und Evaluation therapeutischer Maßnahmen eingesetzt werden. Als besonders vielversprechende Interventionsmöglichkeiten werden die DBT-A (Dialektisch-Behaviorale Therapie für Adoleszente) und das Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) vorgestellt, wobei für die DBT-A bereits erste positive empirische Befunde vorliegen. Die Wirksamkeit dieser Verfahren sollte zukünftig möglichst in kontrolliert-randomisierten Studien geprüft werden.

Self-injurious behavior without suicidal intent, like wrist-cutting or scratching, is quite common among male and female adolescents. It indicates severe psychological strain and can be interpreted as a call for help and support. This paper introduces several currently available assessment tools as well as therapeutic strategies. Self-report questionnaires can be implemented to identify self-injurious behavior and in order to discriminate it from other types of psychopathology, for example suicidal behavior. Furthermore, they can be used to prepare, adapt and evaluate therapeutic interventions. Promising therapeutic strategies - Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents (DBT-A) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) - are introduced in more detail. Further research in this area involving controlled-randomized studies is needed.

Keywords: Assessment DBT Dialectical Behavior Therapy Self-Injurious Behavior

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5189. Peters, E., Wissing, M. P., & du Plessis, W. F. (2002, June). Implementation of EMD(R) with cancer patients: Research. Health SA Gesondheid, 7(2), 100-109.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR(R)), developed in 1987 and proved highly effective in treating psychological disturbances rooted in traumatic memories. It was hypothesised that EMDR(R) would enhance coping in patients traumatised by a cancer diagnosis and / or treatment, as indicated by their subjective responses and levels of depression, anxiety, satisfaction with life, positive-negative affect balance and sense of coherence. A descriptive multiple case-study method was implemented. Three cases were treated by EMDR(R) and three by a supportive method. Data collection was triangulised in terms of semi-structured interviews, quantitative measuring instruments and interviews by an external validator. Findings were consistently in favour of EMDR(R). The results confirmed EMDR(R)'s efficacy in terms of beneficial clinical outcomes on both objective and subjective measures of change.[Journal abstract]

Keywords: Cancer Enhancement of Well-Being Psycho-Oncology Psychotherapy Stress Reduction

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5190. Peterson, G. (2002). EMDR for women who experience traumatic events. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 63(11), 1047-1048. Author reply 1048..

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Comments on an article by E. B. Foa and G. P. Street,"Women and Traumatic Events, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Vol 62(Suppl 17), 2001. Special issue: Understanding posttraumatic stress disorder, pp. 29-34 regarding psychotherapeutic interventions for women with PTSD. It is noted that Foa and Street describe other psychotherapy procedures, but do not mention eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Peterson cites that in Effective Treatments for PTSD: Practice Guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies [ISTSS] , 2 psychotherapy treatments for PTSD are listed as having been shown to be effective: exposure therapy and EMDR. SIT is reported to have had 2 well-controlled studies published on the treatment of PTSD. Both SIT studies were with female sexual assault victims. It is concluded that given that EMDR has been established as effective in the ISTSS guidelines, it may be important for the reader to know that this form of therapy may be applied when confronting the issues addressed in this article. A comment by Foa follows. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Females Letter Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5191. Peterson, G. & Foa, A. (2002, November). EMDR for women who experience traumatic events [4] (multiple letters). Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 63(11), 1047-1048.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
It is noted that Foa and Street describe other psychotherapy procedures, but do not mention eye movement desensitization and reprocessing #EMDR#. Peterson cites that in Effective Treatments for PTSD: Practice Guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies [ISTSS] , 2 psychotherapy treatments for PTSD are listed as having been shown to be effective: exposure therapy and EMDR. SIT is reported to have had 2 well-controlled studies published on the treatment of PTSD. Both SIT studies were with female sexual assault victims. It is concluded that given that EMDR has been established as effective in the ISTSS guidelines, it may be important for the reader to know that this form of therapy may be applied when confronting the issues addressed in this article. A comment by Foa follows. #PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Females Letter Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Reply

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5192. Peterson, G., Smyth, N., Greenwald, R., de Jongh, A., & Lee, C. (2000, October). EMDR for treatment of PTSD. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 61(10), 784-785.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Letters question the lack of representation of qualified EMDR clinicians in the Expert Consensus Guideline Series: Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Two letters, one from Peterson and one from the EMDR International Association Research Committee (signed by Smyth, Greenwald, de Jongh, and Lee), commenting on: Foa, Davidson, and Frances, "Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (Expert consensus guideline series)," Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 60(Supplement 10) (1999) [14767], with a reply by Foa, Davidson, and Frances. [Pilots]

Keywords: Commentary Letter Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Practice Guideline Professional Criticism PTSD Professional Standards Reply

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5193. Pezzullo, L. (2001, Augusto). EMDR: Alcune notazioni critiche sui presunti meccanismi di funzionamento neurocognitivo [EMDR: Some notations criticism about alleged mechanisms of neurocognitive functioning]. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 7(2), 163.

Language: Italian

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Non disponibile astratto.
No abstract available.

Keywords: Neurocognitive Functioning

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5194. Phillips, K. M., Freund, B., Fordiani, J., Kuhn, R., & Ironson, G. (2009). EMDR treatment of past domestic violence: A clinical vignette. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(3), 192-197. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.3.192.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This case study describes the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for a woman who met criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to past domestic violence. Outcome measures were used to assess the client's symptoms at intake, after the third and sixth active EMDR sessions, and at 1- and 3-month follow-ups. In addition to the use of outcome measures, at 3-month follow-up the client was evaluated by a therapist who was blind to the type of treatment the client had received. Results indicated that after nine active sessions of EMDR, the client no longer met criteria for PTSD and no longer endorsed symptoms of depression or intrusive thoughts. Thus, EMDR was successful in treating PTSD symptoms associated with past domestic violence, and effects were maintained at 3-month follow-up.

Keywords: Domestic Violence Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Outcome

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5195. Phillips, M. (2001, January-April). Potential contributions of hypnosis to ego-strengthening procedures in EMDR. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 43(3-4), 247-262. doi:10.1080/00029157.2001.10404280.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This paper explores how hypnotic principles can be systematically incorporated into the standard EMDR protocol to enhance various ego strength capacities during EMDR treatment. Expanding these skill areas can widen the therapeutic window of possibility for clients with a variety of complex clinical issues, including posttraumatic, dissociative or personality disorders, anxiety symptoms, and depressive difficulties. Clinical case examples are used to illustrate ways of integrating hypnotic principles within a proposed EMDR protocol to promote ego strengthening and facilitate therapeutic change. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Hypnotherapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Review Treatment Treatment Effectiveness

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5196. Pitman, R., Orr, S., Altman, B., Longpre, R., Poire, R., & Macklin, M. (1996, November-December). Emotional processing during eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy of Vietnam veterans with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 37(6), 419-429. doi:10.1016/S0010-440X(96)90025-5.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This study examined emotional processing and outcome in 27 Vietnam veterans with chronic PTSD who underwent eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, with and without the eye movement component, in a crossover design. Results supported the occurrence of partial emotional processing, but there were no differences in its extent in the eye-movement versus eyes-fixed conditions. Therapy produced a modest to moderate overall improvement, mostly on the Impact of Event Scale. There was slightly more improvement in the eyes-fixed than eye-movement condition. There was little association between the extent of emotional processing and therapeutic outcome. In our hands, EMDR was at least as efficacious for combat-related PTSD as imaginal flooding proved to be in a previous study, and was better tolerated by subjects. However, results suggest that eye movements do not play a significant role in processing of traumatic information in EMDR and that factors other than eye movements are responsible for EMDR's therapeutic effect. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Americans Clinical Trial Empirical Study Longitudinal Study Males Middle Aged Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness Veterans Vietnam War

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5197. Pitman, R., Orr, S., Altman, B., Longpre, R., Poire, R., Macklin, M., Michaels, M. J., & Steketee, G. S. (1996, November-December). Emotional processing and outcome of imaginal flooding therapy in Vietnam veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 37(6), 409-418. doi:10.1016/S0010-440X(96)90025-5.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
This study examined emotional processing and outcome in 20 Vietnam veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who underwent imaginal flooding therapy. Results supported the occurrence of emotional processing, as manifest in significant activation, within-session habituation, and partial across-session habituation of physiologic and self-reported process variables. The flooding therapy produced only modest overall improvement, which was statistically significant for avoidance symptomatology measured by the Impact of Events Scale (TOES) and number of intrusions per day recorded by the subject in a log. Symptomatic improvement appeared to generalize from a treated to an untreated experience. Heart rate activation during the first flooding session predicted a decrease in daily number of intrusive combat memories across the therapy. Otherwise, there was little association between extent of emotional processing and therapeutic outcome. The results provide limited support for the notion that mobilization of phychophysiologic arousal during exposure therapy predicts improvement. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Emotional Processing Flooding Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Vietnam Veterans

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5198. Plassmann, R. (2007, November). Psychotherapie traumatisierter patienten: Die arbeit mit der bipolaren EMDR-technik [Psychotherapy of traumatized patients: Working with bipolar technique EMDR]. Trauma und Gewalt, 1(4), 312-321.

Language: German

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Der Artikel beschreibt die Geschichte der modernen Trauma-Therapie seit 1989 und die Entwicklung von der EMDR-Standardprotokoll, um bipolare EMDR. Die letztere Technik wird mit Bezug auf eine Fallgeschichte demonstriert. Im letzten Abschnitt schließlich erweitert die Unterschiede und Ähnlichkeiten zwischen dem psychoanalytischen Modell von Krankheit und Therapie und ihre therapeutischen Trauma-Pendant. Besonderer Hinweis auf die Art und Weise emotionale Aspekte des Umgangs mit ihnen und den Status der psychosomatischen Symptomen aus. [Abstract Autor]

The article describes the history of modern trauma therapy since 1989 and the development from the EMDR Standard Protocol to bipolar EMDR. The latter technique is demonstrated with reference to a case history. The closing section enlarges on the differences and similarities between the psychoanalytic model of illness and therapy and its trauma-therapeutic counterpart. Special reference is made to the way emotional aspects are dealt with and the status of psychosomatic symptoms. [Author Abstract]

Keywords: Bipolar Psychoanalysis Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Psychotherapeutic Processes Stressors Survivors Trauma Treatment

Accuracy Verified: Yes

5199. Plassmann, R. & Seidel, M. (2003). EMDR in der gruppe bei rssstörungen: das ressourcenverankerungsprotokoll [EMDR in the eating disorders group: Resources for the anchorage of protocol]. Forum für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 13(3).

Language: German

Format: Journal

Keywords: Anchoring Protcol Eating Disorders Group

Accuracy Verified: No

5200. Pocock, D. (2011, November). The promise of EMDR in family and systemic psychotherapy: A clinical complement to Field and Cottrell. Journal of Family Therapy, 33(4), 389-399. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6427.2011.00547.x.

Language: English

Format: Journal

Abstract:
Annalisa Field and David Cottrell's careful and balanced summary of the current state of evidence of the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with children and adolescents is to be welcomed. They conclude that there is, despite an overall lack of good quality studies, some encouraging emerging evidence. They set out a future scenario for development in which these hopeful indications may be sufficient to convince clinicians to train and consider using EMDR in practice. That may in turn lead to more people publishing the results of their nascent practice, and greater availability of therapists would enable larger scale randomized controlled studies to be designed and carried out. In this clinical addendum I seek to complement Field and Cottrell's sense of promise by setting out ways in which EMDR has become incorporated in my systemic psychotherapy practice during the last 3 years.

Keywords: Integration Psychotherapy Systems Trauma

Accuracy Verified: Yes