Francine Shapiro Library - EMDR Bibliography Links
EMDR Bibliography
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4501. Cohena, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., & Rogal, S. (2001, January). Treatment practices for childhood posttraumatic stress disorder. Child Abuse and Neglect, 25(1), 123-135. doi:10.1016/S0145-2134(00)00226-X.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Objective: This study surveyed practices in treating childhood PTSD among child psychiatrists and non-M.D. therapists with self-identified interest in treating traumatized children. Method: An anonymous survey was mailed to 207 child psychiatrists ("medical") [members of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry] and 460 nonphysician ("non-medical") therapists [members of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies] inquiring about current interventions used to treat children with PTSD. Results: 247 responses were received: of 77 medical and 82 nonmedical respondents who currently treat children with PTSD, a wide variety of modalities are used. Most preferred modalities among medical responders were pharmacotherapy, psychodynamic, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Most preferred modalities among nonmedical respondents were cognitive-behavioral, family, and nondirective play therapy. 95% of medical respondents used pharmacotherapy for this disorder; most preferred medications to treat childhood PTSD were selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and alpha-adrenergic agonists. Several significant differences between medical and nonmedical practices were identified. Conclusions: There is little clinical consensus regarding the effectiveness of the many modalities used to treat traumatized children who have PTSD symptoms; empirical research is particularly needed to evaluate the efficacy of pharmacotherapy and EMDR. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adolescents Arousal Avoidance Children Drug Therapy Mental Health Personnel Reexperiencing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4502. Colelli, G., & Patterson, B. (2008). Three case reports illustrating the use of the protocol for recent traumatic events following the World Trade Center terrorist attack. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(2), 114-123. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.2.114.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Following the attacks on the New York World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, the EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Program initiated a response establishing the New York City Disaster Mental Health Recovery Network. The network provided coordination and assistance to local psychotherapists who volunteered to provide treatment to individuals directly affected by the tragedy. The psychotherapists utilized both the EMDR standard protocol and the EMDR Recent Events protocol during the initial aftermath and ongoing recovery at the World Trade Center site. The development of the network is reviewed, and detailed descriptions are provided regarding three cases to illustrate the use of the EMDR Recent Events protocol. The research findings reported by Silver, Rogers, Knipe, and Colelli that demonstrated support for EMDR as a postdisaster treatment are summarized. Further research is recommended. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: 9/11 Adults Americans Case Report Man-Made Disasters Recent Events Protocol September 11 Survivors Terrorism Terrorist Attacks
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4503. Colosetti, S., & Thyer, B. A. (2000, October). The relative effectiveness of EMDR versus relaxation training with battered women prisoners. Behavior Modification, 24(5), 719-739. doi:10.1177/0145445500245006 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
5 women prisoners with a history of being battered and who met the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD were assessed (A phase) and provided with structured relaxation training (RT) (B phase, or placebo treatment), followed by eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy (C phase). Using the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Impact of Events Scale's avoidance behavior and intrusive thoughts subscales as outcome measures, RT alone did not result in any clinical improvements. The subsequent provision of EMDR did not improve upon this lack of success with 4 of the 5 participants; 1 did improve on anxiety and intrusive thoughts. The apparent ineffectiveness of EMDR with these participants may be attributed to several explanations. Foremost perhaps is the hypothesis that EMDR is not sufficient to ameliorate the effects of chronic abuse. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults African American Anxiety Disorders Avoidance Battery Drug Abuse Effectiveness Empirical Study European Americans Females Intrusive Thoughts Quantitative Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prison Inmates PTSD Rape Relaxation Therapy Survivors Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial Treatment Spouse Abuse
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4504. Commons, M. L. (2000, August). The power therapies: A proposed mechanism for their action and suggestions for future empirical validation. Traumatology, 6(2), 119-138. doi:10.1177/153476560000600205 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Power Therapies claim to achieve rapid results in reducing fear elicited by a large number of situations. This paper presents a theory of how competition among stimuli may be the basis for how the Power Therapies work. The compelling features of these therapies are that they all interrupt old habits and conditioned reflexes and provide new habits and conditioning. Therefore, many of the protocols involve overcoming prior-stimulus dominance. In addition to proposing a mechanism for these therapies, this article also reveals that, despite superficial differences, power therapies fundamentally accomplish the same thing. These therapies reduce the intensify of emotional responses elicited by stimuli associated with trauma. It is proposed that they accomplish this end through working at the subcortical level of brain activity to interrupt the negative emotional responses elicited by the trauma stimuli. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Conditioned Emotional Responses TFT Thought Field Therapy Neurolinguistic Programming NLP: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD TIR: Traumatic Incident Reduction
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4505. Connell-Jones, G. (2011). Drug modulated EMDR Treatment for borderline personality disorder. Presentation at the 12th European Conference on Traumatic Stress (ECOTS), Vienna, Austria.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
From my clinical work over the past 4 years a case series of 15 women patients, all detained in a secure hospital for
periods of up to 30 years discharged after EMDR therapy. Some cases discussed in depth, others factor analysed as
case series. Drug modulation permitted intensive therapy. The factors of complex stress disorder are beeing
discussed and its simlarity to borderline personality disorder. The effects of long term instititutionalisation after
detention in security. The responsible clinician as ‘‘goaler and therapist’’ as well as therapeutic pitfalls are being
explored. The psychopathology of the flashback is contrasted with the psychpathology of the alter (dissociative
identity). Prognostic factors and outcomes are being presented. The implications for personality disorder as a
diagnosis contrasted with complex PTSD will be evaluated.
Keywords: Borderline Personality Disorder BPD Drug Modulation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4506. Cook, J. M., Biyanova, T., & Coyne, J. C. (2009, October). Comparative case study of diffusion of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in two clinical settings: Empirically supported treatment status is not enough. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40(5), 518-524. doi:10.1037/a0015144.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
An in-depth comparative case study was conducted of two attempts at
diffusion of an empirically supported, but controversial, psychotherapy: eye
movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). One Department of Veterans
Affairs (VA) treatment setting in which there was substantial uptake was
compared with a second VA setting in which it was not adopted. Qualitative
interviews were conducted with 10 mental health clinicians at the first
site, and 19 at the second. Critical selling points for EMDR were a highly
regarded champion, the observability of effects with patients, and
personally experiencing its effects during a role training session.
Compatibility with existing psychotherapist practices and values further
allowed the therapy to become embedded in the organizational culture. At the
second site, a sense that EMDR was not theoretically coherent or compelling
overwhelmed other considerations, including its empirical status.
Comparative studies contrasting settings in which innovative therapies are
implemented versus those in which they were rejected may aid in refining
theories of and strategies for dissemination.
Keywords: Diffusion Evidence-Supported Treatment Marketing Psychotherapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4507. Cook-Vienot, R., & Taylor, R. J. (2012). Comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing and biofeedback/stress inoculation training in treating test anxiety. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(2), 62-72. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.2.62 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and Biofeedback/Stress Inoculation Training (B/SIT)
treatment and no treatment (NT) were compared in reducing test anxiety. Thirty college students with high
test anxiety were randomly assigned to each condition. Pre-post assessments were conducted using the
Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Rational Behavior Inventory (RBI), and
Autonomic Perception Questionnaire (APQ). Treatment therapists were licensed professionals with at least
2 years experience in their respective modality. Statistical analysis using a two-way analysis of variance with
repeated measures found significant interactions between time (pre-post) and treatment conditions for all
measures except the RBI. Post hoc Newman–Keuls analyses were conducted on the change scores, indicating
that both EMDR and B/SIT significantly reduced test anxiety. EMDR generally outperformed B/SIT.
Keywords: Biofeedback Stress Inoculation Test Anxiety
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4508. Corrigan, F. (2002). Mindfullness, dissociation, EMDR and the anterior cingulate cortex: A hypothesis. Contemporary Hypnosis, 19(1), 8-17. doi:10.1002/ch.235.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Hypotheses on the neurobiology of a mindfulness-dissociation continuum are presented. Crucial to the hypotheses are the observations of a reciprocal interaction between the cognitive and affective subdivisions of the anterior cingulate cortex and the unilateral activation of right anterior cingulate in hypnotic dissociation and in post-traumatic syndromes. It is proposed that the unilateral activation can cause a loss of the reciprocal relationship between the subdivisions and that in the case of peri-traumatic dissociation the subsequent syndrome responds to eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) through restoration of the bilateral activation and reinstatement of the reciprocal relationship between the subdivisions. Bilateral activation of the cognitive subdivisions is proposed to underlie the attentional state of concentration mindfulness in which affect is well regulated. Copyright © 2002 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Keywords: Anterior Cingulate Cortex Bilateral Activation Dissociation Emotional Trauma Gyrus Cinguli Hypnosis Hypnotic Dissociation Mindfulness Posttraumatic Syndromes Reciprocal Interaction
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4509. Corrigan, F. M. (2004). Psychotherapy as assisted homeostasis: Activation of emotional processing mediated by the anterior cingulate cortex. Medical Hypotheses, 63(6), 968-973.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Although psychotherapy is successful in altering emotional distress, the biological mechanism by which it achieves this has not been the subject of intensive neurobiological investigation. Mindful processing of emotion has been proposed to be a key factor in prevention of relapse in depressive illness and here that hypothesis is developed and extended to include other conditions in which emotion processing may be obstructed or dysregulated. Cognitive therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, psycho-dynamic psychotherapy, and dialectical behaviour therapy, each in a different way and with a distinct emphasis, encourage awareness of emotions and their associated cognitions and biographies, and their varying success may depend on the degree to which they achieve activation of internal healing processes. In eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR), the selected target is formatted for endogenous processing which is facilitated and accelerated by eye movements or alternating bilateral auditory or tactile stimulation. The ability to sustain focussed attention on the affect and its visceral, cognitive, and biographical components is postulated to activate a homeostatic process of distress resolution, seen most clearly in treatment of PTSD with EMDR, in which resolution of distress can be intense and rapid while therapist input is non-directive, although supportive, empathic, and non-judgemental. Once the therapist has helped to frame the questions, the patient's brain will find the answers needed for the resolution of the distress and all the components of the traumatic event, whether visceral, cognitive, affective, or interpersonal. The anterior cingulate cortex, especially the dorsal and rostral components, is suggested to be the key neurobiological substrate for the efficacious psychotherapeutic relief of distress, and relevant functional neuroimaging studies are summarised. One limitation of some previous imaging studies of emotion is that they have tended to use mild stimuli to discrete emotions. An alternative approach would be to image the brain during reprocessing of an unpleasant event which has profoundly affected the person so that the associated intense emotions could be clearly labelled and correlated with changes in regional brain functioning. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Cognitive Processes Cognitive Therapy Neurobiology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4510. Corrigan, F. M., & Jennett, J. (2004, August). Ephedra alkaloids and brief relapse in EMDR-treated obsessive compulsive disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 110(2), 158. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0047.2004.00368.x.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Letter to the editor commenting on an article by E. Ernst (see record 2003-05653-002). We report the case of a patient who was effectively treated for severe obsessive compulsive disorder but relapsed briefly following ingestion of herbal products containing ephedra alkaloids that she bought to facilitate weight loss. The patient was a 29-year-old woman with a 10-year history of obsessive compulsive disorder who was referred for Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) when her condition had not responded to cognitive behavior therapy nor to various medications including Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, Clomipramine and Amitriptyline. Her score on the Dissociative Experiences Scale was low and there was nothing in the clinical history to suggest major dissociative disorder, so after preparation with mindfulness, relaxation and safe place imagery she proceeded to treatment with EMDR. Nine months later she reported a relapse into increased anxiety with a partial return to compulsive thoughts and behaviours after she had obtained a herbal health product sold to promote weight loss. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Comment Desensitization Ephedra Letter Luvoxamine Obsessive Compulsive Disorder OCD Plant Preparations Relapse Reply Review Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4511. Cotraccia, A. J. (2012). Adaptive information processing and a systemic biopsychosocial model. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(1), 27-36. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.1.27.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Shapiro's (2001) adaptive information processing (AIP) model portrays an innate healing system hypothesized to be composed of neurophysiological mechanisms of action causally related to the resolution of disturbing life experiences. The author expands the model to include psychosocial mechanisms and suggests that a model of a biopsychosocial system can best depict causal properties related to positive outcomes of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Teleofunctionalist and evolutionary perspectives are applied: the first, to explain the inclusion of the psychological and social features highlighted in the updated model; the second, to support the hypothesis that AIP is a goal of the human attachment system. It is posited that bonding, following a disturbing life experience, facilitates the access of information related to previous states, thus allowing an update of self/world models. These interactions are analogous to psychotherapeutic encounters, with multiple levels of information processing at subpersonal, personal, and interpersonal levels. Analysis of the causal properties of personal and interpersonal levels supports a broader understanding of AIP's scope in conceptualizing psychopathology and informing treatment applications and research.
Keywords: Adaptive Information Processing AIP Biopsychosocial Internal Working Models Teleofunctionalism
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4512. Cottencin, O., & Doutrelugne, Y. (2009, Avril). Intérêt de l'EMDR dans la prise en charge des traumatismes psychiques [EMDR in the treatment of psychological trauma]. Journal International de Victimologie, 7(1), 1-8.
Language: French
Format: Journal
Abstract:
L’EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) est aujourd’hui de plus en plus
inscrite dans le traitement psychothérapeutique de l’état de stress post traumatique (ESPT) et le
monde anglo-saxon nous donne à lire de nombreuses études contrôlées qui montrent la preuve
de son efficacité même en comparaison d’autres types d’intervention (psychothérapeutiques ou
médicamenteuses).
Nous présentons ici les résultats d’une étude Cochrane au sujet de l’efficacité de cette thérapie.
Puis nous exposons l’EMDR tant sur un plan théorique que pratique et ses parentés avec
l’hypnothérapie au regard de son histoire au sein de l’école de Palo Alto et des liens cliniques et
historiques de l’hypnose avec le traumatisme psychique.
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is now increasingly
entered in the psychotherapeutic treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and
Anglo-Saxon gives us to read many controlled studies that show evidence
its very effectiveness compared to other types of interventions (psychotherapeutic or
drug).
We present here the results of a Cochrane review on the effectiveness of this therapy.
Then we expose EMDR as a theory and practice and its kinship with
hypnotherapy in terms of its history in the Palo Alto and links clinical and
history of hypnosis with the psychological trauma.
Keywords: Internet Mental Trauma Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4513. Cox, R. P., & Howard, M. D. (2007, January). Utilization of EMDR in the treatment of sexual addiction: A case study. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 14(1), 1-20. doi:10.1080/10720160601011299 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Sexual addiction is strongly anchored in shame and trauma. Research conducted over the last fifteen years has consistently shown the prevalence of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse in this population. The resultant trauma can present as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has become a leading method of intervention with trauma and PTSD with effective results in an extremely short time. This paper will examine the issues of trauma in the etiology and treatment of sexual addiction. The use of EMDR as a specific intervention will be highlighted through the use of a clinical case study.
Keywords: Addiction Disorders Adult Clinical Case Study Sex Therapy Sexual Addiction
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4514. Creamer, M., & O'Donnell, M. (2002). Post-traumatic stress disorder. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 15(2), 163-168.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This paper provides an overview of recent developments in the literature on post-traumatic stress disorder. Epidemiological studies indicate that approximately 15-25% of individuals experiencing a significant trauma will go on to develop post-traumatic stress disorder, although approximately half will recover without formal intervention. Potential vulnerability factors for post-traumatic stress disorder have been identified, but the mechanisms and complexities require further exploration, with recent research suggesting that prevalence rates and risk factors may differ across populations. Studies of psychological treatment have demonstrated prolonged exposure and cognitive therapies to be equally beneficial, whereas eye movement desensitization and reprocessing may be useful but perhaps less effective in the long term. Pharmacological treatment studies indicate that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may be the first choice of drug treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder. Non-selective primary prevention strategies remain contentious, although secondary prevention, in the form of cognitive behavioural interventions for acutely symptomatic survivors, appears to reduce the subsequent development of post-traumatic stress disorder.
Keywords: Cognitive Therapies Drug Therapy Exposure Therapies Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prevention Primary Prevention PTSD Risk Factors Secondary Prevention Susceptibility (Disorders) Treatment Vulnerability Factors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4515. Crnobaric, C. O., Milovanovic, S., & Simic, S. (2002 ). Psihoterapija post-traumatskog stresnog poremećaja [Psychotherapy of post traumatic stress disorders]. Engrami - časopis za kliničku psihijatriju, psihologiju i granične discipline, 24(3-4), 123-133.
Language: Croatian
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Tokom prethodne dve decenije dolazi do novih podataka u vezi efikasnosti psihoterapijskih tehnika u tretmani posttraumatskog stresnog poremećaja. Najveći broj ispitivanja na ovu temu se bavi kognitivno bihejvioralnim tehnikama kao i metodom desenzitizacije i reprocesiranja pokretima očiju, dok je manji broj psihodinamskih i psihoanalitičkih ispitivanja. Aktuelne studije se razlikuju po metodologiji (nedostatak kontrolne grupe, nejasno definisanje simptomatologije i nepouzdani dijagnostički instrumenti, mali uzorak, itd). U radu se diskutuje o kompleksnosti kako pristupa tako i primena terapijskih tehnika.
The past two decades have produced increased knowledge about the efficacy of psychological treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The majority of existing studies examined the usefulness of cognitive-behavioural treatments and eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing, whereas the efficacy of psychodynamic treatments has been the object of only few studies. Existing studies vary considerably in methodology and often are present with methodological limitations (e.g. lack of control group, of clear description of the participants' symptoms, and reliable diagnostic instruments, use of mixture of therapeutic approaches, small sample size, etc) that preclude definitive conclusions. Benefits from cognitive and behavior therapies have been reported in many studies, but methodological shortcomings in some of these studies pose problems in drawing conclusions. Treatments such as SIT EMDR and CBT have several therapeutic components, and it is difficult to tell which elements led to improvement and which are redundant. Another matter of concern is the ease of dissemination of treatment among nonexpert clinicians. Some treatments (psychodynamic psychotherapy, cognitive therapy and SIT) are relatively complex, as they comprise multiple components. Other treatments (exposure) may be less complex and more easily accessible to clinicians outsized of specialized settings. Such treatments may be more useful both in routine clinical practice and in emergency situations where larger number of trauma-survivors require help (e.g. in the aftermath of natural disaster or in war torn countries).[Author abstract]
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4516. Cukor, J., Olden, M., Lee, F., & Difede, J. (2010, October). Evidence-based treatments for PTSD, new directions, and special challenges. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1208(1), 82-89. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05793.x.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This paper provides a current review of existing evidence-based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with a description of psychopharmacologic options, prolonged exposure therapy, cognitive processing therapy, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, especially as they pertain to military populations. It further offers a brief summary of promising treatments with a developing evidence base, encompassing both psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Finally, challenges to the treatment of PTSD are summarized and future directions suggested.
Keywords: Cognitive Processing Therapy CPT Evidence-Based Treatment Military PE Posttraumatic Stress Dsorder PTSD Prolonged Exposure Psychopharmacology
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4517. Cummings, N. A. (1999). Comment on L'Abate: Psychotherapist future shock. The Family Journal, 7(3), 221-223. doi:10.1177/1066480799073003.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
No abstract available.
Keywords: Commentary Computer Applications Computer Assisted & Programmed Distance Writing Interventions Oral Communication Preference to Traditional Talk-Oriented Techniques Therapeutic Processes Written Communication
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4518. Cuppen, M. (2007, Juli). Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing, Maakt deze bijzondere behandeling voor traumagerelateerde klachten Pesso-psychotherapie overbodig? [Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing - Does this special treatment for trauma-related symptoms Pesso-psychotherapy redundant?]. Pesso Tijdschrift, 37-49.
Language: Swedish
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, EMDR, har i psykoterapiforskning
visats vara en effektiv behandlingsmetod av posttraumatiskt
stressyndrom, PTSD. Däremot är ögonrörelsestimuleringen,
som är ett centralt moment i metoden, kontroversiell och dess
funktion inte klarlagd.
I föreliggande undersökning randomiserades trettiosex friska försökspersoner
till en av tre stimuleringsbetingelser: ögonrörelsestimulering,
taktil stimulering eller orörligt visuellt stimuli (kontrollgrupp). Stimuleringen
kombinerades med imaginär exponering, negativ och positiv.
Utfallet av experimentet mättes i olika fysiologiska mätparametrar,
samt självskattningar av obehagsnivån (SUD). Resultaten visade signifikant
högre hudkonduktansnivå vid ögonrörelsestimulering jämfört
med kontrollgruppen, relaterat till aktivering av det sympatiska nervsystemet.
Inga signifikanta gruppskillnader fanns i de övriga mätningarna.
Mönstret av autonom aktivering kan tyda på att ögonrörelsestimuleringen
utlöser eller förstärker en orienteringsrespons, vilket vissa
teoretiker föreslagit är den verksamma mekanismen i EMDR. Dock
behövs fortsatt forskning för att förstå denna verkan, samt koppling
till terapeutisk effekt.
Eye Movement desensitization and Reprocessing, EMDR, psychotherapy research has shown to be an effective treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD. However, ögonrörelsestimuleringen, which is the lynchpin of the method, controversial and its function is not clear. In the present study were randomized thirty-six healthy subjects to one of the three stimulation conditions: eye movement stimulation, tactile stimulation or static visual stimuli (control group). The stimulation was combined with imaginary exposure, negative and positive. The outcome of the experiment were measured in various physiological test parameters, and self-estimates the level of discomfort (SUD). The results showed significantly higher hudkonduktansnivå of eye movement stimulation compared with control group, related to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. No significant group differences were found in the other measurements. The pattern of autonomic activation may indicate that ögonrörelsestimuleringen trigger or reinforce an orientation response, as some theorists suggested is the active mechanism in EMDR. However, further research is needed to understand this effect, and access to therapeutic efficacy.
Keywords: Pesso Psychotherapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4519. Cusack, K. J., & Spates, C. R. (1999, January-April). The cognitive dismantling of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A case report. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13(1-2), 87-99. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00041-3 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Twenty-seven subjects were exposed to standard Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment or a similar treatment without the explicit cognitive elements found in EMDR. Standardized psychometric assessments were administered (Structured Interview for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Impact of Event Scale, Revised Symptom Checklist-90) by independent assessors at pretest, posttest and two separate follow-up periods. Potential subjects met specific inclusion/exclusion criteria. Subjective measures including Subjective Units of Disturbance and Validity of Cognition assessments were also conducted. A two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that both treatments produced significant symptom reductions and were comparable on all dependent measures across assessment phases. The present findings are discussed in light of previous dismantling research that converges to suggest that several elements in the EMDR protocol may be superfluous in terms of the contribution to treatment outcome. These same elements have nevertheless entered unparsimoniously into consideration as possible explanatory variables (ScienceDirect).
Keywords: Adults Americans Empirical Study Longitudinal Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4520. Cvetek, R. (2002). Obravnava disfunkcionalno shranjenih izkušenj z metodo desenzitizacije in ponovne predelave z očesnim gibanjem - EMDR [Treatment of dysfunctionally stored experiences with the method eye movement desensitization and reprocessing - EMDR]. Psiholoska Obzorja, 11(3), 55-79.
Language: Slovenian
Format: Journal
Abstract:
V tem prispevku nova terapevtska metoda, imenovana Eye Movement desenzibilizacijo in Reprocessing (EMDR) je opisan. Metoda je bila ustanovljena predvsem za zdravljenje posttraumatic stresne motnje, vendar pa tudi nekaj poročil o njegovi učinkovitosti z drugimi duševnimi motnjami. Avtor predstavlja teoretično podlago za EMDR, predvsem model pospešene informacijske predelave, koncept spominskih mrež ter razlage učinkov očesnega gibanja. Proces EMDR je opisana tudi. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, vse pravice pridržane)
In this paper, a new therapeutic method called Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is described. The method was formed mainly for treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder, but there also are some reports about its efficiency with other mental disorders. The author presents the theoretical base for EMDR and especially the accelerated information processing model, the concept of memory networks, and the explanations of effects of eye movements. The process of EMDR also is described. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Accelerated Information Processing Model Cognitive Processes Eye Movements Information Processing Model Memory Mental Disorders Memory Networks Models Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4521. Cvetek, R. (2008). EMDR treatment of distressful experiences that fail to meet the critieria for PTSD. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(1), 2-14. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.1.2.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is thought to successfully treat not only PTSD but also other psychiatric disorders and mental health problems inasmuch as these have experiential contributions. This randomized clinical trial investigated the effects of treatment of distressful experiences (or small "t" trauma) that fail to meet the criteria for PTSD. Three hours of a slightly adapted form of EMDR were compared to active listening (attentional placebo, also 3 hours) and wait list. Results with 90 participants showed that EMDR produced significantly lower scores on the Impact of Event Scale than active listening or wait list. EMDR also resulted in a significantly smaller increase on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (State subscale) after memory recall. Some limitations and implications of findings are discussed. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Dysfunctionally Stored Stressful Experiences Effectiveness Life Experiences Random Clinical Trial RCT Slovenes Small “T” Trauma Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Young Adults
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4522. Cvetek, R. (2012). Traitement EMDR d'expériences troublantes qui ne répondent pas aux critères de l'ESPT [EMDR treatment of disturbing experiences that do not meet the criteria for PTSD]. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 6(3), 31E-45E. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.6.3.E31.
Language: French
Format: Journal
Abstract:
L’EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing : désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements
oculaires) permettrait de traiter avec succès non seulement l’état de stress post-traumatique
(ESPT) mais aussi d’autres troubles psychiatriques et problèmes de santé mentale dans la mesure où
ceux-ci possèdent des facteurs contributifs expérientiels. Cet essai clinique randomisé a étudié les effets
du traitement d’expériences troublantes (ou traumatismes petit “t”) qui ne correspondent pas aux
critères de l’ESPT. Trois heures d’une forme légèrement adaptée de l’EMDR ont été comparées à une
écoute active (placebo attentionnel, également de 3 heures) et à une liste d’attente. Les résultats obtenus
auprès de 90 participants ont montré que l’EMDR produisait des scores significativement plus
faibles sur l’échelle de l’impact des événements (Impact of Events Scale [IES]) que l’écoute active ou la
liste d’attente. L’EMDR résultait également en une augmentation significativement moins importante sur
la sous-échelle état de l’inventaire d’anxiété état-trait (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) après le rappel du
souvenir. Quelques limites et implications des résultats sont abordées.
EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: desensitization and reprocessing movements
eye) would successfully treat not only the state of post-traumatic stress
(PTSD) but also other psychiatric disorders and mental health problems to the extent
they have experiential contributing factors. This randomized clinical trial investigated the effects
processing disturbing experiences (or small trauma "t") which do not correspond to
criteria for PTSD. Three hours of a slightly adapted form of EMDR were compared to a
active listening (attentional placebo, also 3 hours) and a waiting list. The results
with 90 participants showed that EMDR produced significantly higher scores
low on the scale of impact events (Impact of Events Scale [IES]) as active listening or
waiting list. EMDR also resulted in a significantly lower increase in
subscale inventory status state-trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) after the reminder
memory. Some limitations and implications of the findings are discussed.
Keywords: Dysfunctionally Stored Stressful Experiences Effectiveness Life Experiences Random Clinical Trial RCT SlovenesS Small “T” Trauma Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Young Adults
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4523. Daigger, M. (2007). Imaginative techniken in der psychotraumatherapie unter besonderer berücksichtigung des motivs "Die innerern helfer" [Imaginative techniques in the psychotrauma-therapy in special view of the motif "The inner helpers"]. Zeitschrift für Psychotraumatologie, Psychotherapiewissenschaft, Psychologische Medizin (ZPPM), 5(2), 39-51.
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
In psychotraumatherapy den therapeutischen Prozess (Stabilisierung, Therapie mit dem inneren Kind, Trauma-Exposition) ist oft durch mehrere Probleme behindert. Dann das Motiv "Die Inneren Helfer" als eine phantasievolle Ressource im Zusammenhang mit der suggestiven Beeinflussung durch den Therapeuten kann gute Dienste leisten. Die Inneren Helfer symbolisieren unbewussten Teile des Selbst, die losgelöst haben und verdrängten durch das Mittel der Projektion im Sinne von Fähigkeiten, die der Patient hat (noch) keinen Zugang. Die Inneren Helfer nehmen eine repräsentative Funktion für den Patienten, bis er in der Lage, diese Teile des Selbst nach Gebrauch mit integrierten ihnen. Die Aktivierung dieser Ressourcen phantasievolle ermöglicht nicht nur ein Erfolg versprechende Stabilisierung und Therapie mit dem inneren Kind, sondern auch eine sanfte und wenig Anstrengung Trauma Exposition für Patient und therapist.In diesem Artikel möchte ich zunächst das Motiv einführen "Die Inneren Helfer" . Ich weiterhin durch den Nachweis wichtige Techniken der Psychotraumatologie, indem sie Beispiele für mögliche Anwendungen der das Motiv des Inneren Helfer in schwierigen Situationen des therapeutischen Prozesses. Alle Techniken ergänzen einander und können miteinander kombiniert werden. [Autor Zusammenfassung]
In psychotraumatherapy the therapeutic process (stabilization, therapy with the Inner Child, trauma exposure) is often hindered by multiple difficulties. Then the motif "The Inner Helpers" as an imaginative resource in connection with suggestive influencing by the therapist can serve well. The Inner Helpers symbolize unconscious parts of the self that have been dissociated and repressed by the means of projection in the sense of abilities to which the patient has (yet) no access. The Inner Helpers take a representative function for the patient until he is able to use these parts of the self after having integrated them. The activation of these imaginative resources not only makes possible a success promising stabilization and therapy with the Inner Child, but also a gentle and little straining trauma exposure for patient and therapist.In this article I first want to introduce the motif "The Inner Helpers". I continue by demonstrating important techniques of psychotraumatology by giving examples of possible applications of the motif of the Inner Helpers in difficult situations of the therapeutic process. All techniques complete each other and can be combined. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Psychotrauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4524. Dantonio, T. & Onofri, A. (2009, Maggio). La terapia del lutto complicato. Interventi preventivi, psicoeducazione, prospettiva cognitivo-evoluzionista, approccio EMDR [Treatment of complicated grief. Preventive interventions, psychoeducation, cognitive-evolutionary perspective, approach EMDR]. Psicobiettivo, 3, 1-23. doi:10.3280/PSOB2009-003004 .
Language: Italian
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Gli Autori descrivono il processo del lutto secondo la teoria dell’attaccamento e la prospettiva evoluzionista. Passano quindi in rassegna i principali interventi preventivi descritti in letteratura e le attività di psicoeducazione e counseling rivolte alle persone in lutto, quindi le tecniche cognitivo- comportamentali più usate e infine l’approccio EMDR, particolarmente utile nei casi di lutto complicato o traumatico
The authors describe the process of mourning according to the theory and evolutionary perspective. Therefore reviewed the main preventive interventions described in the literature and the activities of psychoeducation and counseling addressed the mourners, and the cognitive-behavioral techniques most used and finally the EMDR approach, particularly useful in cases of traumatic or complicated grief.
Keywords: Complicated Grief Preventive Interventions Psychoeducation
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4525. Dattilio, F. (2001). Crisis intervention techniques for panic disorder. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 55(3), 388-405.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Panic disorder is estimated to affect more than 4% of the U.S. population. It is assumed that this incident rate increases during crisis situations. While the professional literature is replete with references on the treatment of panic disorders, few authors address the use of nondrug treatment in conjunction with crisis intervention. This article provides an overview of the latest nonpharmacologic interventions for panic along with a description of their effectiveness in reducing the onset of symptomatology as well as preventing relapse during crisis.
Keywords: Crisis Intervention Non-drug Treatment Panic dsiorder Nonpharmacological Interventions
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4526. Davidson, J. R. T., Stein, D. J., Shalev, A.Y., & Yehuda, R. (2004, Spring). Posttraumatic stress disorder: Acquisition, recognition, course, and treatment. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 16(2), 135-147. doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.16.2.135.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Following exposure to trauma, a large number of survivors will develop acute symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which mostly dissipate within a short time. In a minority, however, these symptoms will evolve into chronic and persistent PTSD. A number of factors increase the likelihood of this occurring, including characteristic autonomic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses. PTSD often presents with comorbid depression, or in the form of somatization, both of which significantly reduce the possibilities of a correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Mainstay treatments include exposure-based psychosocial therapy and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as paroxetine and sertraline, both of which have been found to be effective in PTSD. This paper looks at the course of PTSD, its disabling effect, its recognition and treatment, and considers possible new research directions.
Keywords: Comorbidity Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Recognition and Treatment SSRIs
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4527. Davidson, P. R., & Parker, K. C. H. (2001, April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): A meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 69(2), 305-316. doi:101037//0022-006x.69.2.305.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), a controversial treatment suggested for PTSD and other conditions, was evaluated in a meta-analysis of 34 studies that examined EMDR with a variety of populations and measures. Process and outcome measures were examined separately, and EMDR showed an effect on both when compared with no treatment and with therapies not using exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli and in pre-post EMDR comparisons. However, no significant effect was found when EMDR was compared with other exposure techniques. No incremental effect of eye movements was noted when EMDR was compared with the same procedure without them. R. J. DeRubeis and P. Crits-Christoph noted that EMDR is a potentially effective treatment for noncombat PTSD, but studies that examined such patient groups did not give clear support to this. In sum, EMDR appears to be no more effective than other exposure techniques, and evidence suggests that the eye movements integral to the treatment, and to its name, are unnecessary. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Behavior Therapy Exposure Therapy Meta Analysis Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4528. de Groot, J., & de Jong, A. (2012). EMDR-behandeling van PTSS na seksueel misbruik bij een vaginistische vrouw: Een casus [EMDR treatment for PTSD of a sexually abused woman with vaginismus: A case study]. Tijdschrift voor Seksuologie, 6(3), 197-199.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Een 24 jarige vrouw is vier jaar geleden seksueel misbruikt. Sindsdien was het voor haar onmogelijk gemeenschap te hebben met haar huidige partner (secundair vaginisme). Bovendien had ze klachten die behoren bij een posttraumatische stress-stoornis, ofwel PTSS. Ze zocht hulp bij een psycholoog-seksuoloog. De behandeling nam vijf zittingen in beslag en bestond uit een aanpak gericht op de verwerking van herinneringen aan het misbruik middels EMDR. Dit leidde er uiteindelijk toe dat de PTSS-klachten verdwenen en gemeenschap weer mogelijk was. Deze casus is een voorbeeld van hoe seksueel misbruik vaginisme kan induceren en hoe in dergelijke gevallen een trauma-gerichte behandelaanpak succesvol kan zijn.
Keywords: Case Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Vaginismus
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4529. de Jongh, A. (2012). Treatment of a woman with emetophobia: A trauma focused approach. Mental Illness, 4(1), 10-14. doi:10.4081/mi.2012.e3.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A disproportionate fear of vomiting, or emetophobia,
is a chronic and disabling condition
which is characterized by a tendency to avoid a
wide array of situations or activities that might
increase the risk of vomiting. Unlike many
other subtypes of specific phobia, emetophobia
is fairly difficult to treat. In fact, there are only
a few published cases in the literature. This
paper presents a case of a 46-year old woman
with emetophobia in which a trauma-focused
treatment approach was applied; that is, an
approach particularly aimed at processing disturbing
memories of a series of events which
were considered to be causal in the etiology of
her condition. Four therapy sessions of Eye
Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
(EMDR) produced a lasting decrease in symptomatology.
A 3-year follow up showed no indication
of relapse.
Keywords: Emetophobia Specific Phobia Vomiting Phobia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4530. de Jongh, A. & Arts, B. (2004, April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing bij PTSS [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in PTSD]. Patient Care/Neuropsychiatrie & Gedragsneurologie, 3, 61-65.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
In de recente multidisciplinaire richtlijn angststoornissen wordt Eye Movement
Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) aanbevolen als psychologische interventie
bij de posttraumatische stress-stoornis. Wat houdt deze methode in? En
welke bewijzen zijn er voor het effect?
In recent multidisciplinary guidelines anxiety disorder is Eye Movement desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) as recommended psychological intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder. What does this method? And what evidence is there for effect? [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4531. de Jongh, A. & ten Broeke, E. (2007). De behandeling met EMDR: Informatie voor cliënten [Treatment with EMDR (information for clients)]. Psychopraxis, 9(1), 36-38. doi:10.1007/BF03072328.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
. Bijlage GGZ Voorlichting.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, afgekort tot EMDR, is een therapie voor mensen die last blijven
houden van de gevolgen van een schokkende ervaring, zoals een verkeersongeval of een geweldsmisdrijf. Het is een
relatief nieuwe therapie. Een eerste versie ervan werd in 1989 beschreven door de ontwikkelaarster ervan, de Amerikaanse
psychologe Francine Shapiro. In de jaren daarna werd deze procedure verder uitgewerkt en ontwikkelde
EMDR zich tot een volwaardige en effi ciënte therapeutische methode. In deze bijdrage zullen we deze methode
nader bespreken.
Mental Health Information annex.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, EMDR for short, is a therapy for sufferers remain
account the effects of a shocking experience as a traffic accident or a violent crime. It is a
relatively new therapy. A first version was described in 1989 by its developer claims, the U.S.
psychologist Francine Shapiro. In subsequent years, this procedure was further elaborated and developed
EMDR is a full and to establish efficient therapeutic method. In this paper we will approach
further discussion.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4532. de Jongh, A. & ten Broeke, E. (2001). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Kortdurende behandeling van psychotrauma [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Short-term treatment of trauma]. GGzet Wetenschappelijk, 5(3), 15-21.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Keywords: Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4533. de Jongh, A., & ten Broeke, E. (2001, September). EMDR bij de behandeling van PTSS na verkrachting [EMDR treatment of PTSD following rape]. Directieve Therapie, 21(3), 229-245. doi:10.1007/BF03060260.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Dat verkrachting een ingrijpende gebeurtenis is, behoeft geen betoog. Niet zelden is een posttraumatische stressstoornis
(PTSS) het gevolg. Behandeling is dan noodzakelijk. In dit artikel wordt beschreven hoe bij een dergelijke
behandeling gebruik kan worden gemaakt van Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR).
Stapsgewijs wordt de EMDR-procedure beschreven, hetgeen wordt geïllustreerd aan de hand van een
gevalsbeschrijving. Mede op grond van vergelijkbare ervaringen in de therapeutische praktijk, maar vooral op grond
van de onderzoeksliteratuur, wordt EMDR naar voren geschoven als voorkeursbehandeling bij PTSS in het algemeen
en PTSS ten gevolge van verkrachting in het bijzonder.
That rape is a traumatic event, is obvious. Quite often a post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) caused. Treatment is necessary. This article describes how such a
treatment may be used for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR).
Gradually, the EMDR procedure described, which is illustrated by a
case study. Partly based on similar experiences in the therapeutic practice, but especially under
of the research literature, EMDR is put forward as the preferred treatment for PTSD in general
and PTSD resulting from rape in particular.
Keywords: Case Report Females Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors Young Adults
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4534. de Jongh, A., & ten Broeke, E. (1998). Treatment of choking phobia by targeting traumatic memories with EMDR: A case study. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 5(4), 264-269. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0879(199812).
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Choking phobia is a specific phobia characterized by fear and avoidance of swallowing foods and liquids. It often develops following an episode of choking on food. A prospective case study of a 30-year-old woman with a phobia of choking, acquired after a series of traumatic incidents 5 years previously, demonstrates the usefulness of an approach that is aimed at processing the disturbing memories of a traumatic event. Two therapy sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) produced a lasting decrease in symptomatology. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Report Females Medical Procedures Multiple Traumatic Events Phobia Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4535. de Jongh, A., & ten Broeke, E. (1996, April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Een procedure voor de behandeling van aan trauma gerelateerde angst [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): A procedure for the treatment of trauma-related anxiety]. Tijdschrift voor Psychotherapie, 22(2), 53-64. doi:10.1007/BF03079287.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR ) is een relatief nieuwe procedure op het terrein van de psychotherapie. Ervaringen met EMDR geven aanleiding tot hoopvolle verwachtingen van de behandeling van diverse aan trauma gerelateerde angststoornissen, met name post–traumatische stress–stoornis (PTSS). Onderdeel van deze procedure is dat de therapeut bij de cliënt een aantal snelle en ritmische oogbewegingen uitlokt door te vragen zijn of haar vinger te volgen, terwijl de cliënt een beeld van de traumatische herinnering in gedachten houdt. In dit artikel worden de achtergronden en de principes van EMDR belicht en wordt de stapsgewijze procedure uitvoerig beschreven. Een gevalsbeschrijving van een cliënt met een paniekstoornis en een tandartsfobie laat zien dat EMDR kan leiden tot een langdurige vermindering van angstklachten. Tevens wordt ingegaan op de huidige stand van zaken van de wetenschappelijke ondersteuning van EMDR . Het toepassen van EMDR bij PTSSwordt door wetenschappelijk onderzoek gesteund, maar empirische ondersteuning voor de therapeutische effectiviteit van EMDR bij andere angststoornissen ontbreekt.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new procedure in the field of psychotherapy. Experiences with EMDR give rise to hopes of treating various anxiety disorders related to trauma, especially post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Part of this procedure is that the therapist and the client a number of rapid rhythmic eye movements provoked by asking his or her finger to follow, while the customer a picture of the traumatic memory in mind. This article describes the background and principles of EMDR and highlights the stepwise procedure in detail. A case report of a patient with a dental phobia and panic disorder showed that EMDR could lead to a prolonged reduction of anxiety. It also discusses the current state of the scientific support of EMDR. The use of EMDR in PTSSwordt supported by scientific research, but empirical support for the therapeutic efficacy of EMDR with other anxiety disorders is lacking.
Keywords: Clinical Case Study Dental Phobia Empirical Study Follow-up Study Panic Disorder Phobia Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4536. de Jongh, A., & ten Broeke, E. (1994, June). Opmerkelijke veranderingen na één zitting met eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Een geval van angst voor misselijkheid en braken [Noteworthy changes after one session with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A case of fear of nausea and vomiting]. Directieve Therapie, 14(2), 90-102. doi:10.1007/BF03060064 .
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
In deze bijdrage worden enkele principes van Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) beschreven. Met name het ‘reprocessing’ gedeelte van deze procedure wordt nader toegelicht, waaronder de selectie van negatieve en positieve cognities voorafgaande aan de therapie. Aan de hand van een gevalsbeschrijving van een cliënt met angst voor misselijkheid en braken worden de vaak optredende spontane cognitieve veranderingen tijdens EMDR gedemonstreerd. Ingegaan wordt op de vraag hoe de geconstateerde veranderingen kunnen worden verklaard.
The current paper presents some principles of EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing). The reprocessing part, particularly the selection of negative and positive cognitions concerning the traumatic event, is described. A case history of a client with fear of nausea and vomiting demonstrates the spontaneously occurring cognitive changes, and subsequent improvements in complaints, that are often associated with the EMDR procedure. Some plausible explanations for these rapid effects are discussed.
Keywords: Adults Case Report Dutch Females Phobia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4537. de Jongh, A., & ten Broeke, E. (2002). Verwerking van schokkende gebeurtenissen met eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) [Processing of shocking events in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)]. Psychopraxis, 4(1), 18-20. doi:10.1007/BF03071976.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Een verkrachting, een gewapende overval of de plotselinge dood van een dierbaar persoon, is een gebeurtenis die in het algemeen diep ingrijpt in het leven van betrokkenen. In eerste instantie kan dit leiden tot klachten als ontreddering, hulpeloosheid en gevoelens van angst en verdoving. Op langere termijn kan men last krijgen van indringende beelden (herbelevingen) van het gebeurde, vermijding van zaken die ermee te maken hebben en extreme schrikachtigheid. We spreken dan vaak van een posttraumatische stress-stoornis (PTSS). Een PTSS is een invaliderende aandoening die echter goed te behandelen is als dit op de juiste manier gebeurt.
Rape, armed robbery or the sudden death of a loved one, an event which is generally far reaching effects on the lives of those involved. Initially this can lead to symptoms such as confusion, helplessness and feelings of fear and numbness. In the longer term, can suffer from intrusive images (flashbacks) of the event, avoidance of things that have to do, and extreme nervousness. We often speak of a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is a debilitating disease but is treatable if properly done.
Keywords: Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4538. de Jongh, A., & ten Broeke, E. (2009). EMDR and the anxiety disorders: Exploring the current status. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3(3), 133-140. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.3.3.133.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Based on the assumptions of Shapiro's adaptive information-processing model, it could be argued that a large proportion of people suffering from an anxiety disorder would benefit from eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). This article provides an overview of the current empirical evidence on the application of EMDR for the anxiety disorders spectrum other than posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Reviewing the existing literature, it is disappointing to find that 20 years after its introduction, support for the efficacy of EMDR for other conditions than PTSD is still scarce. Randomized outcome research is limited to panic disorder with agoraphobia and spider phobia. The results suggest that EMDR is generally more effective than no-treatment control conditions or nonspecific interventions but less effective than existing evidence-based (i.e., exposure-based) interventions. However, since these studies were based on incomplete protocols and limited treatment courses, questions about the relative efficacy of EMDR for the treatment of anxiety disorders remain largely unanswered.
Keywords: Anxiety Disorders Panic Disorder Specific Phobia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4539. de Jongh, A., & ten Broeke, E. (2010, January). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Bijblijven, 26(1), 15-20. doi:10.1007/s12414-010-0004-5 .
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
EMDR is een geprotocolleerde, evidence-based behandelprocedure gericht op het ‘desensitiseren’ – verzwakken – van herinneringen aan beschadigende gebeurtenissen. Volgens de Multidisciplinaire richtlijn Angststoornissen uit 2003 is EMDR één van de twee meest in aanmerking komende psychologische interventies bij de posttraumatische stressstoornis (PTSS). Een belangrijk voordeel ten opzichte van andere behandelmethoden is de snelheid waarmee resultaten worden bereikt. Daarnaast ervaren veel patiënten en therapeuten EMDR als relatief weinig emotioneel belastend. Wij zullen de behandelaanpak illustreren aan de hand van twee casussen en informatie verschaffen over verwijzing, opleiding, beroepsvereniging en kwaliteitsbeleid.
EMDR is a manualized, evidence-based treatment procedure aimed at 'desensitisation' - weaken - memories of damaging events. According to the Anxiety Disorders Multidisciplinary guideline in 2003, EMDR is one of the two most appropriate psychological interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). An important advantage over other treatment methods is the speed of results. In addition, many patients experienced EMDR therapists and have relatively low emotionally stressful. We will illustrate the treatment approach using two case studies and information about referral, education, professional associations and quality.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4540. de Jongh, A., & ten Broeke, E. (2002, April). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Een reactie en het laatste woord [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): A reaction the last word]. Psychopraxis, 4(2), 52-55. doi:10.1007/BF03071982.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
In het vorige nummer van PsychoPraxis beschreven Ad De Jongh en Erik Ten Broeke de EMDR-procedure aan de hand van een casus. Hier volgt een reactie op dit artikel van Peter Muris, waarna de beide auteurs het laatste woord krijgen.
In the previous issue of Psycho Praxis described Ad De Jongh and Erik ten Broeke the EMDR procedure on the basis of a case. Here is a response to this article by Peter Muris, after which both authors have the last word.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4541. de Jongh, A., Holmshaw, M., Carswell, W., & van Wijk, A. (2011, March-APril). Usefulness of a trauma-focused treatment approach for travel phobia. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 18(2), 124-37. doi:10.1002/cpp.680.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Despite its prevalence and potential impact on functioning, there are surprisingly little data regarding the treatment responsiveness of travel phobia. The purpose of this non-randomized study was to evaluate the usefulness of a trauma-focused treatment approach for travel phobia, or milder travel anxiety arising as a result of a road traffic accident. Trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT), and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing were used to treat a sample of 184 patients, who were referred to a psychological rehabilitation provider. Patients in both treatment groups were encouraged to encounter their feared objects and situations between sessions. Specific (i.e., travel) phobia was diagnosed in 57% of cases. Patients in both treatment conditions showed equally large, and clinically significant, decreases in symptoms as indexed by three validated measures (Impact of Event Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and General Health Questionnaire), therapist ratings of treatment outcome, and a return to driving or travelling by car or motorbike. These improvements were obtained within an average course of 7.3 sessions of 1 hour each. Patients with travel phobia responded with a greater reduction of anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms than those with milder travel anxiety. Passengers reported higher levels of trauma symptoms than drivers, but no difference in effectiveness of treatment was found between these groups. The results suggest that trauma-focused psychological interventions can be a treatment alternative for patients with travel anxiety. Given the seriousness of the clinical problems related to road traffic accidents more rigorous outcome research is warranted and needed. Copyright (c) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message: As the literature on the treatment of travel phobia is largely limited to small-n studies, this is the largest naturalistic outcome study of the treatment of patients with fear and avoidance of travel, subsequent to a traumatic event, to date. Travel phobia following road traffic accidents should be regarded as a treatable psychological condition requiring a limited number of sessions. In a significant minority of cases the condition is unlikely to remit spontaneously, potentially disrupting occupational, social and personal adjustment. Besides a purely exposure, in vivo-based approach, a mainly trauma-focused approach, such as imagery exposure or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, can be an effective intervention for both travel phobia and milder forms of travel anxiety, and for both drivers and passengers.
Keywords: Phobia Travel Phobia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4542. de Jongh, A., ten Broeke, E., & Meijer, S. (2010). Two method approach: A case conceptualization model in the context of EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(1), 12-21. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.4.1.12.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article outlines a comprehensive model that helps to identify crucial target memories for EMDR treatment.
The “Two Method Approach” can be used for conceptualization and treatment implementation for a
broad spectrum of symptoms and problems, other than those related to PTSD per se. The model consists of
two types of case conceptualizations. The First Method deals with symptoms whereby memories of the etiological
and/or aggravating events can be meaningfully specifi ed on a time line. It is primarily aimed at the
conceptualization and treatment of DSM-IV-TR Axis I disorders. The Second Method is used to identify memories
that underlie patients’ so-called dysfunctional core beliefs. This method is primarily used to treat more
severe forms of pathology, such as severe social phobia, complex PTSD, and/or personality disorders. The two
methods of case conceptualization are explained step by step in detail and are illustrated by case examples.
Keywords: Case Conceptualization Model
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4543. de Jongh, A., ten Broeke, E., & Meijer, S. (2011). Approche des deux méthodes: Un modèle de conceptualisation de cas dans le contexte de l’EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(1), 12–21. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.1.E12.
Language: French
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Cet article décrit un modèle complet qui permet d’identifier des souvenirs cibles essentiels pour le traitement
EMDR. L’“Approche des deux méthodes” peut s’appliquer à la conceptualisation et à la réalisation
du traitement pour une large gamme de symptômes et de problèmes autres que ceux qui sont directement
en lien avec l’ESPT. Le modèle se compose de deux types de conceptualisation de cas. La Première
méthode s’applique aux symptômes permettant de préciser de manière significative les événements
étiologiques ou aggravants sur une ligne du temps. Elle est principalement destinée à la conceptualisation
et au traitement de troubles de l’Axe I du DSM-IV-TR. La Seconde méthode est utilisée pour identifier
les souvenirs qui sous-tendent les croyances fondamentales dysfonctionnelles. Cette méthode est
principalement destinée à traiter les formes plus graves de psychopathologie, comme la phobie sociale
sévère, l’ESPT complexe ou les troubles de la personnalité. Les deux méthodes de conceptualisation de
cas sont expliquées point par point, en détail, et sont illustrées par des exemples de cas.
This article describes a comprehensive model that identifies key target of memories for the treatment
EMDR. The "approach of the two methods " can be applied to the conceptualization and implementation
treatment for a wide range of symptoms and problems other than those directly
related PTSD. The model consists of two types of case conceptualization. First
method applies to specific symptoms for significantly Events
causative or aggravating on a timeline. It is mainly intended for the conceptualization
and treatment of disorders of Axis I DSM-IV-TR. The second method is used to identify
memories that underlie dysfunctional core beliefs. This method is
primarily intended to address the more serious forms of psychopathology such as social phobia
severe complex PTSD or personality disorders. Both methods of conceptualizing
cases are explained point by point in detail and are illustrated by case examples.
Keywords: Case Conceptualization Model
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4544. de Jongh, A., ten Broeke, E., & Renssen, M. (1999, January-April). Treatment of specific phobias with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Protocol, empirical status, and conceptual issues. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13(1-2), 69-85. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00040-1.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This paper considers the current empirical status of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) as a treatment method for specific phobias, along with some conceptual and practical issues in relation to its use. Both uncontrolled and controlled studies on the application of EMDR with specific phobias demonstrate that EMDR can produce significant improvements within a limited number of sessions. With regard to the treatment of childhood spider phobia, EMDR has been found to be more effective than a placebo control condition, but less effective than exposure in vivo. The empirical support for EMDR with specific phobias is still meagre, therefore, one should remain cautious. However, given that there is insufficient research to validate any method for complex or trauma related phobias, that EMDR is a time-limited procedure, and that it can be used in cases for which an exposure in vivo approach is difficult to administer, the application of EMDR with specific phobias merits further clinical and research attention (ScienceDirect).
Keywords: Literature Review Phobia Review Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4545. de Jongh, A., ten Broeke, E., & van der Meer, K. (1995). Eine neue entwicklung in der behandlung von angst und traumata: “Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)” [A new development in the treatment of anxiety and trauma: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)]. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie, Psychopathologie und Psychotherapie, 43(3), 226-233.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Dit artikel presenteert een nieuwe ontwikkeling op het gebied van de psychotherapie: Eye-Movement Desensibilisatie and Reprocessing (EMDR). Dit recent ontwikkelde procedure belooft snelle en effectieve behandeling van angst-gerelateerde klachten, met inbegrip van PTSS (DSM-III-R). In essentie leidt de therapeut een serie van snelle en ritmische oogbewegingen. EMDR vergemakkelijkt cognitieve veranderingen en blijvende daling van de angst. Zoals aangegeven door middel van onderzoek en geïllustreerd door casuïstiek, kan EMDR effectief te zijn in een sessie. Tot nu toe is er geen definitieve verklaring voor de effectiviteit van deze methode. [Auteur Abstract]
This article presents a new development on the field of psychotherapy: Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). This recently developed procedure promises rapid and effective treatment of anxiety related complaints, including PTSD (DSM-III-R). In essence the therapist induces a series of rapid and rhythmic eye-movements. EMDR facilitates cognitive changes and lasting decrease of anxiety. As indicated by research and illustrated by case histories, EMDR can be effective in one session. Until now there is no definitive explanation for the effectiveness of this method. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adult Anxiety Disorders Dental Procedures Females Males Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Rape Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4546. de Jongh, A., van den Oord, H., & ten Broeke, E. (2002, December). Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of specific phobias: Four single-case studies on dental phobia. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(12), 1489-1503. doi:10.1002/jclp.10100.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A series of single-case experiments was used to evaluate the application of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) to traumatically induced dental phobia. Following two to three sessions of EMDR treatment, three of the four patients demonstrated substantially reduced self-reported and observer-rated anxiety, reduced credibility of dysfunctional beliefs concerning dental treatment, and significant behavior changes. These gains were maintained at six weeks follow-up. In all four cases, the clinical diagnosis present at pretreatment was not present at posttreatment at a clinical level. All patients actually underwent the dental treatment they feared most within three weeks following EMDR treatment. The findings support the notion that EMDR can be an effective treatment alternative for phobic conditions with a trauma-related etiology. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Case Report Dental Procedures Females Follow-up Study Males Phobia Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Young Adults
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4547. de Jongh, P. J., Andrea, H., & Muris, P. (1997, June). Spider phobia in children: Disgust and fear before and after treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(6), 559-562. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00002-8.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Fear of spiders, disgust sensitivity, and spiders' disgust-evoking status were assessed in a group of spider phobic girls (n = 22) who applied for treatment, in a group of non-phobic girls (n = 21), and in the parents of both groups of children. The phobic girls were tested both before and after behavioural treatment which consisted of 1.5 hr eye movement desensitization and reprocessing and 1.5 hr exposure in vivo. Findings support the idea that disgust is an important aspect of spider phobia: (a) spider phobic girls exhibited higher levels of disgust sensitivity and considered spiders per se as more disgusting than non-phobic girls; (b) there was a parallel decline of spider fear and spiders' disgust-evoking status as a result of treatment; and (c) spiders' disgust-evoking status was relatively strong in mothers of spider phobic girls. The latter finding may indicate, that the acquisition of spider fear is facilitated by specific parental disgust reactions when confronted with spiders. [ScienceDirect]
Keywords: Disgust Exposure In Vivo Exposure Therapy Fear of Spiders Disgust Sensitivity Parents Phobias Spiders' Disgust Evoking Status
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4548. de Roos, C., & Beer, R. (2003). EMDR bij kinderen en adolescenten: De klinische praktijk [EMDR in children and adolescents: The clinical practice]. Kind en Adolescent Praktijk, 2(1), 12-18.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Om ontwikkelingsachterstanden
en chronische psychopathologie
te voorkomen zijn
voor kinderen die lijden onder
de gevolgen van traumatische
ervaringen, effectieve behandelmogelijkheden
van groot
belang (Chemtob, Nakashima
& Carlson, 2002). EMDR – Eye
Movement Desensitization
and Reprocessing – blijkt hierbij
goede diensten te bewijzen.
In dit artikel worden de
procedure en de diverse aanpassingen
beschreven die
nodig zijn voor de toepassing
van EMDR bij kinderen en
adolescenten. Toepassing bij
kinderen vraagt om een benadering
die is afgestemd op het
ontwikkelingsniveau van het
kind, hetgeen vooral tot uiting
komt in de attitude van de
therapeut en technische aanpassingen
in het protocol.
Gepleit wordt voor meer aandacht
in diverse opleidingen
voor het kunnen herkennen
van posttraumatische stressreacties
en adequate doorverwijzing
voor behandeling.
To developmental psychopathology and chronic prevention for children who suffer the consequences of traumatic experiences, effective treatment options are very important (Chemtob, Nakashima & Carlson, 2002). EMDR - eye movement desensitization and reprocessing - shows provide good service to prove. This article discusses the process and described various modifications required for the application of EMDR in children and adolescents. Application in children requires an approach tailored to the developmental level of the child, which is particularly reflected in the attitude of the therapist and technical changes to the protocol. Calling for more attention in various courses for the recognition of posttraumatic stress reactions and appropriate referral for treatment.
Keywords: Adolescents Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4549. de Roos, C., & Beer, R. (2002, December). EMDR bij kinderen en adolescenten [EMDR in children and adolescents]. Kind en Adolescent Praktijk, 2(1), 117-123. doi:10.1007/BF03059493.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract: Abstract: Samenvatting : Om ontwikkelingsachterstanden en chronische psychopathologie te voorkomen zijn voor kinderen die lijden onder de gevolgen van traumatische ervaringen, effectieve behandelmogelijkheden van groot belang (Chemtob, Nakashima & Carlson, 2002). EMDR – Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing – blijkt hierbij goede diensten te bewijzen. In dit artikel worden de procedure en de diverse aanpassingen beschreven die nodig zijn voor de toepassing van EMDR bij kinderen en adolescenten. Toepassing bij kinderen vraagt om een benadering die is afgestemd op het ontwikkelingsniveau van het kind, hetgeen vooral tot uiting komt in de attitude van de therapeut en technische aanpassingen in het protocol. Gepleit wordt voor meer aandacht in diverse opleidingen voor het kunnen herkennen van posttraumatische stressreacties en adequate doorverwijzing voor behandeling.; (AN 21283740)
Keywords: Adolescents Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4550. de Roos, C., & de Jongh, A. (2008). EMDR treatment of children and adolescents with a choking phobia. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(3), 201-211. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.3.201.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Given the limited number of reported cases in literature, it might be concluded that it is rare to develop a choking phobia in childhood. However, it appears as though confusion in terminology and the time lapse between the onset of the disorder and treatment often results in the diagnosis being missed. In this article, we discuss a review of the clinical symptoms, differential diagnosis, comorbidity, etiology, and treatment options for choking phobia. We present a case series, describing the successful EMDR treatment of choking phobia for 4 children and adolescents, with positive outcomes achieved in 1 or 2 sessions. In addition, a detailed transcript is presented of a 15-year-old girl with a choking phobia related to an incident that occurred 5 years previously. The rapid elimination of symptoms in all 4 cases indicates that EMDR can be an effective treatment for choking phobias resulting from previous disturbing events. Randomized research on this promising intervention is strongly suggested.
Keywords: Adolescents Children Choking Phobia Specific Phobia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4551. de Roos, C., & de Jongh, A. (2006). Slikken of stikken - EMDR bij kinderen en jongeren met een slikfobie [Do or die - EMDR in children and adolescents with a mud phobia]. Kinder- & Jeugdpsychotherapie, 33(3), 83-102.
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
In de kindertijd zijn ontwikkelingsgerelateerde angsten normaal. Wanneer een
angst echter aanhoudt en uitgelokt wordt door de aanwezigheid van of
anticipatie op een bepaald voorwerp of een specifieke situatie spreekt men van
een specifieke fobie (American Psychiatric Association, 2003). De in de
literatuur gerapporteerde prevalentiepercentages lopen nogal uiteen en variëren
van 1,7 tot 16 procent, maar de meeste studies komen uit op een percentage
tussen de 7 en 9 procent (Silverman & Moreno, 2005).
In childhood development-related fears are normal. When a
But fear persists and is triggered by the presence or
anticipation of a certain object or a particular situation is called
a specific phobia (American Psychiatric Association, 2003). In the
literature reported prevalence rates vary considerably, ranging
from 1.7 to 16 percent, but most studies come up with a percentage
between 7 and 9 percent (Silverman & Moreno, 2005).
Keywords: Adolescents Children Mud Phobia
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4552. de Roos, C., Greenwald, R., den Hollander-Gijsm, M., Noorthoorn, E., van Buuren, S., & de Jongh, A. (2011). A randomised comparison of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) in disaster-exposed children. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 2, 1-11. doi:10.3402/ejpt.v2i0.5694 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background: Building on previous research with disaster-exposed children and adolescents, a randomised
clinical trial was performed in the treatment of trauma-related symptoms. In the current study two active
treatments were compared among children in a broad age range and from a wide diversity of ethnic
populations.
Objective: The primary aim was to compare the effectiveness and efficiency of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
(CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR).
Design: Children (n52, aged 418) were randomly allocated to either CBT (n26) or EMDR (n26) in a
disaster mental health after-care setting after an explosion of a fireworks factory. All children received up to
four individual treatment sessions over a 48 week period along with up to four sessions of parent guidance.
Blind assessment took place pre- and post-treatment and at 3 months follow-up on a variety of parent-rated
and self-report measures of post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology, depression, anxiety, and
behaviour problems. Analyses of variance (general linear model repeated measures) were conducted on the
intention-to-treat sample and the completers.
Results: Both treatment approaches produced significant reductions on all measures and results were
maintained at follow-up. Treatment gains of EMDR were reached in fewer sessions.
Conclusion: Standardised CBT and EMDR interventions can significantly improve functioning of disasterexposed
children.
Keywords: CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Diaster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Randomized Controlled Trial RCT
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4553. de Roos, C., Veenstra, A., de Jongh, A., den Hollander-Gijsman, M., van der Wee, N., Zitman, F., & van Rood, Y. R. (2010, March/April). Treatment of chronic phantom limb pain using a trauma-focused psychological approach. Pain Research & Management, 15(2), 65-71.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background: Chronic phantom limb pain (PLP) is a disabling chronic pain syndrome for which regular pain treatment is seldom effective. Pain memories resulting from long-lasting preamputation pain or pain flashbacks, which are part of a traumatic memory, are reported to be powerful elicitors of PLP. Objective: To investigate whether a psychological treatment directed at processing the emotional and somatosensory memories associated with amputation reduces PLP. Methods: Ten consecutive participants (six men and four women) with chronic PLP after leg amputation were treated with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Pain intensity was assessed during a two-week period before and after treatment (mean number of sessions = 5.9), and at short- (three months) and long-term (mean 2.8 years) follow-up. Results: Multivariate ANOVA for repeated measures revealed an overall time effect (F[2, 8]=6.7; P<0.02) for pain intensity. Pairwise comparison showed a significant decrease in mean pain score before and after treatment (P=0.00), which was maintained three months later. All but two participants improved and four were considered to be completely pain free at three months follow-up. Of the six participants available at long-term follow-up (mean 2.8 years), three were pain free and two had reduced pain intensity. Conclusions: These preliminary results suggest that, following a psychological intervention focused on trauma or pain-related memories, substantial long-term reduction of chronic PLP can be achieved. However, larger outcome studies are required.
Keywords: Phantom Limb Pain
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4554. Deacon, B. J., & Abramowitz, J. S. (2004, April). Cognitive and behavioral treatments for anxiety disorders: A review of meta-analytic findings. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60(4), 429–441. doi:10.1002/jclp.10255.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Behavioral and cognitive psychotherapies are the most widely studied
psychological interventions for anxiety disorders. In the present article, the
results of ten years of meta-analytic studies on psychotherapies for the
various anxiety disorders are reviewed and the relative effectiveness of
cognitive and behavioral therapeutic methods is examined. Meta-analytic
results support the effectiveness of combined cognitive and behavioral
approaches for anxiety disorders. Pure behavioral therapies also are effective
and appear to work as well as combined treatment for some disorders.
Due to the small number of outcome studies involving pure cognitive
treatments, reliable conclusions about the effectiveness of this approach
cannot be offered. Additional theoretical and practical considerations are
discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 60: 429–441,
2004.
Keywords: Anxiety GAD Generalized Anxiety Disorder Meta-Analysis Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder OCD Panic Disorder Social Phobia Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4555. DeBell, C., & Jones, R. D. (1997, April). As good as it seems? A review of EMDR experimental research. Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 28(2), 153-163. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.28.2.153 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The article reviews 7 experimental studies that examined eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment. The 7 studies varied greatly in their complexity, their designs, how treatment effects were measured, and their results. Each study is detailed and critically examined. A summary of results is provided as well as suggestions for clinical application and future research. In addition, questions are raised regarding F. Shapiro's approach to disseminating information about EMDR. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Literature Review Methodology Professional Criticism Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Research Needs Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4556. Denny, N. (1995, March). An orienting reflex/external inhibition model of EMDR and thought field therapy. Traumatology, 1(1), 1-6, Article 1. doi:10.1177/153476569500100101.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The clinical phenomena of the conduct of EMDR and Thought Field Therapy were interpreted in light of concepts in the field of classical conditioning with emphasis on the orienting reflex and its external inhibiting effects on conditioned responses. A model was proposed using the temporary suppression through external inhibition of the fear and avoidance conditioned responses to disturbing memories. The clinically helpful effect proposed is the emergence of previously suppressed competing responses to the troublesome memories. Those newly emerged responses are responsible for spontaneous cognitive restructuring of the meaning attribution of the memories, thus lowering SUDS ratings. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Conditioned Emotional Responses Cognitive Processes TFT Thought Field Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4557. Derksen, M. T., & Baeten, B. M. (2009). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in de ziekenhuispsychiatrie: Een stap voorwaarts [Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in hospital psychiatry: A step forward]. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 51(3).
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) is een intensieve vorm van psychotherapie voor mensen die last houden van de gevolgen van een schokkende ervaring. Een deel van de getroffenen 'verwerkt' deze ervaringen op eigen kracht. Anderen ontwikkelen psychische klachten. Juist deze klachten in het hier en nu als gevolg van een schokkende gebeurtenis in het verleden maken de gebeurtenis tot een traumatische gebeurtenis. In 1993 werd emdr in Nederland geïntroduceerd. Na een bloeiende ontwikkeling onder therapeuten die werken met getraumatiseerde patiënten en tegelijkertijd veel wetenschappelijke scepsis, is emdr tegenwoordig vastgesteld als behandeling van eerste keus voor posttraumatische stressstoornis (ptss). In de afgelopen jaren werd de procedure verfijnd en evolueerde zij tot een volwaardige therapeutische behandelmethode met protocollen voor verschillende vormen van traumagerelateerde psychopathologie zoals ptss, fobieën, rouw, pijnstoornis, paniekstoornis, somatoforme stoornis en verslaving. Het is een snelle, effectieve therapievorm die zelfstandig of aanvullend binnen de behandeling kan worden gebruikt.
Vorm: Tijdens deze workshop wordt de emdr-procedure in hoofdlijnen uiteengezet. De bijzondere kenmerken en effecten van emdr worden besproken en geïllustreerd met videobeelden van behandelingen van patiënten met traumatische ervaringen in de levensgeschiedenis. Het toepassingsgebied wordt besproken zodat adequaat verwezen kan worden. Er is tijd voor vragen en een interactieve discussie.
Leerdoel: (1) Kennis van de emdr-procedure; (2) kennis van de plaats van emdr binnen de psychotherapie; (3) inzicht in de indicatiestelling van emdr; (4) inzicht in het nut voor psychiaters zich de emdr-methode eigen te maken als welkome aanvulling op bestaande psychotherapieën.
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is an intensive form of psychotherapy for people to suffer from the effects of a shocking experience. Some of the victims 'process' these experiences on their own. Others develop psychological problems. Precisely these problems in the here and now because of a shocking event in the past to make the event a traumatic event. In 1993, EMDR was introduced in the Netherlands. After a thriving development among therapists working with traumatized patients, while many scientific skepticism, EMDR is now established as the treatment of choice for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In recent years, the procedure was refined and evolved it into a valuable therapeutic approach with protocols for various forms of trauma related psychopathology such as PTSD, phobias, grief, pain disorder, panic disorder, somatoform disorder and addiction. It is a fast, effective form of therapy on their own or within the additional treatment may be used.
This workshop will form the EMDR procedure guidelines put out. The particular characteristics and effects of EMDR are discussed and illustrated with video images of treatment for patients with traumatic experiences in the life. The scope is to be discussed so that appropriate reference. There is a time for questions and interactive discussion.
learning goal (1) Knowledge of the EMDR procedure, (2) knowledge of the location of EMDR in psychotherapy, (3) understand the indications for EMDR, (4) perceptions of the usefulness of psychiatrists to the EMDR method to own make a welcome addition to existing psychotherapies.
Keywords: Hospital Psychiatry
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4558. DeRubeis, R., & Crits-Christoph, P. (1998, February). Empirically supported individual and group psychological treatments for adult mental disorders. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 66(1), 37-52. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.66.1.53 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The experimental literature on individual and group psychological treatments for adult disorders is reviewed. For each of the 11 disorders or problems covered, treatments that fall into the following categories, as defined by D.L. Chambless and S. D. Hollon (1998), are identified: efficacious and specific, efficacious, and possibly efficacious. Behavioral and cognitive-behavioral treatments dominate the lists, especially in the anxiety disorders, with notable exceptions. Reasons for the hegemony of the behavioral and cognitive modalities are discussed, and some limitations of the empirically supported treatment concept are addressed. Continued research is recommended on Aptitude x Treatment interactions, cost-benefit ratios, and generalization of treatments to a variety of patient populations, therapists, and treatment settings.
Keywords: Review
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4559. Devilly, G. J. (2005, June). Power therapies and possible threats to the science of psychology and psychiatry. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 39(6), 437-445. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1614.2005.01601.x .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Objective: Advocates of new therapies frequently make bold claims regarding therapeutic effectiveness, particularly in response to disorders which have been traditionally treatment-refractory. This paper reviews a collection of new therapies collectively self-termed "The Power Therapies", outlining their proposed procedures and the evidence for and against their use. These therapies are then put to the test for pseudoscientific practice. Method: Therapies were included which self-describe themselves as "Power Therapies". Published work searches were conducted on each therapy using Medline and PsychInfo databases for randomized controlled trials assessing their efficacy, except for the case of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing has more randomized controlled studies conducted on its efficacy than any other treatment for trauma and thus, previous meta-analyses were evaluated. Results and conclusions: It is concluded that these new therapies have offered no new scientifically valid theories of action, show only non-specific efficacy, show no evidence that they offer substantive improvements to extant psychiatric care, yet display many characteristics consistent with pseudoscience. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Commentary Energy Psychotherapy Literature Review Neurolinguistic Programming NLP Psychotherapeutic Processes TFT: Thought Field Therapy TIR: Traumatic Incident Reduction Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4560. Devilly, G. J. (2001, January). The successful treatment of PTSD through overt cognitive behavioral therapy in non-responders to EMDR. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 29(1), 57-70. doi:10.1017/S1352465801001072.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This research investigated the efficacy of an operantly cognitive-behavioural trauma treatment protocol (TTP) in two cases that had previously been treated unsuccessfully with EMDR. In line with previous research, both participants improved following TTP, to the extent where one of the participants was asymptomatic at post-treatment and 3 month follow-up. These cases also demonstrate the ability of a cognitive-behavioural intervention to successfully treat childhood sexual abuse victims later in life. (Cambridge Journals)
Keywords: Battery Case Report CBT Child Clinical Case Study College Students Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Therapy Death of Child Empirical Study Females Follow-up Study Homicide Incest Middle Aged Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial Young Adults
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4561. Devilly, G. J. (2004, December). An approach to psychotherapy toleration: The Distress/Endorsement Toleration Scale (DEVS) clinical outcome studies. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 35(4), 319-336. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2004.08.001.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The issue of treatment tolerance within the field of psychotherapy is, at best, a nebulous construct and has been commonly evaluated via rates of subject attrition and homework compliance. This research presents the psychometric properties of a ten-item scale which endeavours to measure treatment distress and participant endorsement of therapy protocols used in clinical research. Two factors emerged and the subscales of Distress and Endorsement were derived. These subscales displayed good reliability with acceptable inter-item correlations within each subscale. The subscales were also able to differentiate the perspectives of male Vietnam veterans from their spouses on a lifestyle management course at the termination of intervention. However, this scale also displayed a cognitive behavioural trauma treatment protocol and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing to be equivalent in treatment distress and participant endorsement in the treatment of PTSD. Preliminary findings suggest that the relationship between these two subscales and outcome may, to some extent, be population specific. First evidence suggests that intervention distress ratings may be influenced by severity of presentation, whilst endorsement ratings are more influenced by symptomatic improvement over time. Suggestions for future research are presented and the full questionnaire is attached as an appendix. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Australians Cognitive Therapy Distress Family Therapy Endorsement Females Males Outcome Psychotherapeutic Processes Questionnaire Self Report Instruments Spouses Tolerance Treatment Treatment Effectiveness Veterans Vietnam War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4562. Devilly, G. J. (1996, November). EMDR and PTSD: The score at half time. Psychotherapy in Australia, 3(1), 26-31.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been a hot topic of
debate since it’s inclusion into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders in the 1980’s. However, it was not until 1989, with the introduction of Eye
Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), that this debate reached such
lofty heights of vigour. The lack of any theoretical models as to why the EMDR
process might work has not helped in gaining professional credence. It will be the
purpose of this article to briefly review the reasons for this debate, give a short outline
of the EMDR procedure and comment upon the current state of research.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4563. Devilly, G. J. (2002, Fall-Winter). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A chronology of its development and scientific standing. The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, 1(2), 113-138.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The development of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been hotly debated, with rhetoric often being posited as evidence either for or against the technique. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of the procedure, a critical review of the studies completed to date, a meta-analytic review of the available data, and a chronology of the evolution of EMDR over the past 10 years. Treatment-outcome studies were of such disparate quality-even studies meeting similar broad criteria-that combining their results in a meta-analysis was of very questionable value. Overall, an appraisal of the published research supported the following conclusions: (1) There is overwhelming evidence that eye movements are neither a necessary nor a useful addition to the procedure; (2) there is strong and consistent evidence that EMDR is better than no treatment, yet only as good as any other treatment that utilizes some aspect of exposure therapy; and (3) there is strong evidence that a full-exposure-based intervention package is superior to EMDR. There is also some evidence that "reprocessing" is likewise superfluous to EMDR and that the effects of EMDR dissipate over time. It is also concluded that the current debate cannot be entirely settled through scientific investigation due to the rapid and constant reshaping of what constitutes EMDR, the similarity to extant alternative methods, and the lack of a falsifiable theory underpinning the procedure. [Author abstract]
Keywords: Chronology Research Science
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4564. Devilly, G. J. (2011, July). The role of imagery rehearsal with and without eye movements in the creation of false memories. Psychology, Crime and Law, 17(6), 529-543. doi:10.1080/10683160903397524.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study explored differences in recall accuracy following experimental manipulations of two elements specific to two common approaches to trauma treatment – inducing saccadic eye movements during imagery rehearsal (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing; EMDR) and imagery rehearsal without eye movements (Imaginal Exposure; IE). The study also looked into whether outcome was related to high suggestibility and distress characteristics. The sample consisted of 48 non-clinical adult participants. The results found no significant difference in false recalls between EMDR and IE. While the EMDR group did make more false recognitions, they also made more correct recalls than the IE group. In effect, those in the EMDR group appear to make more true recalls and more false recollections than those in the IE group.Irrespective of treatment condition, fewer positive words were recalled and recognized than neutral and trauma words. As well as all subjects displaying no avoidant encoding style for trauma words overall, we also noted no avoidant encoding style as a function of trauma history or treatment condition. Our results argue against the avoidant encoding hypothesis for those with a history of trauma and also suggest a lowered response criterion following EMDR.; (AN 25481115)
Keywords: Absorption CBT Cognitive Behavior Therapy Dissociation Exposure False Memory Imagery Rehearsal
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4565. Devilly, G. J., & Borkovec, T. D. (2000, June). Psychometric properties of the credibility/expectancy questionnaire. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 31(2), 73-86. doi:10.1016/S0005-7916(00)00012-4.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The present research evaluated the psychometric properties of the credibility/expectancy questionnaire, a quick and easy-to-administer scale for measuring treatment expectancy and rationale credibility for use in clinical outcome studies. The results suggested that this questionnaire derives the two predicted factors (cognitively based credibility and relatively more affectively based expectancy) and that these factors are stable across different populations. Furthermore, the questionnaire demonstrated high internal consistency within each factor and good test-retest reliability. The expectancy factor predicted outcome on some measures, whereas the credibility factor was unrelated to outcome. The questionnaire is appended to the paper, yet the authors stress care when utilizing the scale. During the administration of the questionnaire, the participant sees two sections -- one related to thinking and one related to feeling. However, the researcher needs to be aware that the 2 factors derived are not grouped into those questions. Instead credibility was found to be derived from the first three think questions and expectancy was derived from the fourth think question and the two feel questions. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Australians Cognitive Therapy Postttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Self Report Instruments Stressors Survivors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4566. Devilly, G. J., & Spence, S. H. (1999, January-April). The relative efficacy and treatment distress of EMDR and a cognitive-behavior trauma treatment protocol in the amelioration of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13(1-2), 131-157. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00044-9.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
The growing body of research into treatment efficacy with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has, by-and-large, been limited to evaluating treatment components or comparing a specific treatment against wait-list controls. (PubMed) This has led to two forms of treatment, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT), vying for supremacy without a controlled study actually comparing them. The present research compared EMDR and a CBT variant (Trauma Treatment Protocol; TTP) in the treatment of PTSD, via a controlled clinical study using therapists trained in both procedures. It was found that TTP was both statistically and clinically more effective in reducing pathology related to PTSD and that this superiority was maintained and, in fact, became more evident by 3-month follow-up. These results are discussed in terms of past research. Directions for future research are suggested (ScienceDirect).
Keywords: Adults Australians Cognitive Therapy Empirical Study Longitudinal Study Non-Randomized Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4567. Devilly, G. J., Spence, S. H., & Rapee, R. M. (1998, Summer). Statistical and reliable change with eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing: Treating trauma within a veteran population. Behavior Therapy, 29(3), 435-455. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(98)80042-7.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
51 war veterans with PTSD symptomatology were randomly allocated to one of three conditions: two sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), an equivalent procedure without EMDR, or a standard psychiatric support control condition. There was an overall significant main effect of time from pre- to posttreatment, with a reduction in symptomatology for all groups. However, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups. Participants in the two treatment conditions were more likely to display reliable improvement in trauma symptomatology than subjects in the control group. By 6-month follow-up, reductions in symptomatology had dissipated and there were no statistical or reliable differences between the two treatment groups. Overall, the results indicated that, with this war veteran population, improvement rates were less than has been reported in the past. Also, where improvements were found, eye movements were not likely to be the mechanism of change. Rather, the results imply that other nonspecific or therapeutic processes may account for any beneficial effects of EMDR. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Australians Empirical Study Follow-up Study Longitudinal Study Males Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial RCT Treatment Effectiveness Veterans Vietnam War
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4568. Di Nuovo, S. (2001, Augusto). Una messa a punto sull'EMDR [Development of EMDR]. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 7(2), 149.
Language: Italian
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Non disponibile astratto.
No abstract available.
Keywords: History Practice Theory
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4569. Dibajnia, P., Reza Zahirodin, A., & Gheidar, Z. (2012). اثر حساسيت زدایي چشمي حرکتي بر اختلال استرس پس از سانحه [Eye-movement desensitization influence on post-traumatic stress disorder]. Pejouhandeh Journal, 16(7), 322-326.
Language: Persian
Format: Journal
Abstract:
چکيده
سابقه و هدف: ا ختلال پس از سانحه ) Post traumatic stress disorder ( با شيوع 5 تاا 15 درصادي در واول زنادگي 3( ماي تواناد
اثرات سوء و زيانباري بر فرد و جامعه وارد كند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي اثرحساسيت زداياي شایي حركتاي Eye movement desensitization reprocessing ( در كاهش نشانه هاي PTSD در اين دسته از بيیاران انجام شده است.
مواد و روشها: تعداد 13 بيیار مبتلا به PTSD به وور تصادفي انتخاب و بوسيله روش EMDR تحت درماان رارار گرفتناد. اولاعاات
جیعيت شناختي و نوع يادآوري حادثه به وسيله دو پرسشنامه محقق ساخته جیع آوري گرديد. هیچنين ميازان ضاربان رلاف، فشاار
خون و تعداد تنفس اين بيیاران ربل و بعد از EMDR اندازه گيري گرديد. داده هاا باه وسايله نارم افازار SPSS.16 و روشاهاي آمااري
توصيفي و مجذوركا مورد تجزيه و تحليل ررار گرفتند.
یافته ها: 50 % گروه مورد مطالعه در رده سني 19 تا 19 سال ررار دارند و 10 % را زنان تشكيل ميدهند. EMDR به وور باارزي ناوع و
گونگي يادآوري سانحه را تغيير داد. ميزان فشار خون، ضربان رلف و تعداد تنفس به وور معناداري هیراه با يادآوري ساانحه افازايش
Background: The 5% to 25% prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during life-time can cause irrefutable
harms an individuals and society. This research carried out to examine; or not eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment
can improve PTSD symptoms. Materials and methods: 71 patients (56 females and 15 males) have been selected randomly. Demographic and kind of trauma-reminding
information were collected by two questionnaires. Blood pressure, Heart beating and Breathing numbers before and after EMDR were measured. Data were analyzed by
descriptive statistic and Q2 using SPSS software version 16. Results: 59% of patients were under 20-30 years old. 79% were females. According to the results,
EMDR resulted to significant reduction of trauma reminding. Blood pressure, heart beating and breathing increased by trauma reminding significantly.
Conclusion: EMDR techniques promote improvement of negative symptoms of PTSD.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4570. Dietrich, A. M. (2001, April). Risk factors in PTSD and related disorders: Theoretical, treatment, and research implications. Traumatology, 7(1), 23-50. doi:10.1177/153476560100700103.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Contemporary treatment approaches for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
(PTSD) include traditional approaches such as Cognitive-Behavioral therapy,
Psychodynamic therapy, Group Therapy, Pharmacotherapy, et cetera, as well as
experimental approaches such as Body therapies (e.g., Sensorimotor Processing)
(Ogden & Minton, in press) and other Asian-based approaches (often termed
“Energy Therapies”). These approaches have varying degrees of data in support of
their effectiveness, that range from anecdotal case reports to randomized and
controlled studies (e.g., see Dietrich, et al., 2000; Foa, Keane, & Friedman, 2000;
Shalev, Bonne & Eth, 1996; van der Kolk, McFarlane, & van der Hart, 1996).
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PSTD Risk Factors
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4571. Dietrich, A. N., Baranowsky, A. B., Devich-Navarro, M., Gentry, J. E., Harris, C. J., & Figley, C. R. (2000, December). A review of alternative approaches to the treatment of past traumatic sequelae. Traumatology, 6(4), Article 1, 251-271.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Approaches to the treatment of posttraumatic sequelae are reviewed in terms of
criteria for evaluating inferential validity with case studies, and where applicable,
effect sizes are provided where there are data from group comparisons. The
approaches covered in this paper include the Trauma Recovery Institute (TRI)
Method, Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR), Visual/Kinesthetic Disassociation
(V/KD), and Thought Field Therapy (TFT). Internal validity of case studies on the
TRI Method and V/KD appear controlled for, whereas reports on TFT do not meet
internal validity criteria. Effect sizes are reported on one study that compared TIR
to waitlist control and Direct Therapeutic Exposure (DTE), suggesting that TIR is
superior to waitlist control, and shows more modest gains over DTE. The available
evidence suggests TIR, the TRI Method, and V/KD are effective treatments for
posttraumatic sequelae.
Keywords: Alternative Treatments Case Study Evaluation Mechanism of change Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4572. DiGiorgio, K. E., Arnkoff, D. B., Glass, C. R., Lyhus, K. E., & Walter, R. C. (2004, September). EMDR and theoretical orientation: A qualitative study of how therapists integrate eye movement desensitization and reprocessing into their approach to psychotherapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 14(3), 227-252. doi:10.1037/1053-0479.14.3.227.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study examined how 3 therapists from differing theoretical orientations (psychodynamic, humanistic, and cognitive–behavioral) integrate eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) into their work with clients. The consensual qualitative research method was used to analyze interview responses from each of the therapists. All of the therapists deviated from the standard EMDR protocol to some degree, and their decisions to either add to or leave out various aspects of the protocol were greatly influenced by their theoretical orientation. They reported that the integration of EMDR into their usual therapy styles varied depending on their clients. The present study expands on previous psychotherapy integration research because it provides detailed descriptions as to how therapists actually use a specific method with clients. Findings may be particularly useful for researchers and therapists interested in the practice of EMDR, as well as the process of assimilative integration.
Keywords: Assimilative Integration Cognitive Behavior Therapy Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Empirical Study Humanistic Psychotherapy Integrative Psychotherapy Humanistic Therapy Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Psychodynamic Therapy Psychotherapeutic Processes Psychotherapy Integration Qualitative Study Treatment Outcomes
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4573. Diseth, T. H., & Christie, H. J. (2005, September). Trauma-related dissociative (conversion) disorders in children and adolescents – An overview of assessment tools and treatment principles. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 59(4), 278-292. doi:10.1080/08039480500213683.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A high proportion of patients in child and adolescent psychiatry with significant dissociative symptomatology after early childhood traumatization may go undiagnosed, be wrongly diagnosed and/or inappropriately treated. The diagnostics and treatment of dissociative disorders have been limited by lack of comprehensive, reliable and valid instruments and the ongoing polarization and fierce controversy regarding treatment. However, recent neurobiological findings of neurochemical, functional and structural cerebral consequences of early stressful childhood experiences point out a need for active, early and effective identification and treatment interventions. We present an update on assessment tools available in the Nordic countries, and an overview of different appropriate therapeutic intervention models for children and adolescents. A systematic overview of studies of dissociation in children and adolescent published over the last decade disclosed a total of 1019 references. The 465 papers describing aspects of assessment tools and/or treatment were studied in detail. Reliable and valid screening questionnaires and diagnostic interviews for children and adolescents now allow for effective early identification of dissociative disorders. A combination of individual psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and family therapy are often required to handle dissociative disorders in children and adolescents. Cognitive-behavioural therapy, hypnotherapy, Eye-Movement Desensitization-Reprocessing (EMDR), psychodynamic therapy and an integrated approach are the main described psychotherapeutic approaches, but treatment of dissociation in children and adolescent does not require allegiance to any one particular treatment model. However, achievement of physical safety by providing a safe environment is a primary goal that supersedes any other therapeutic work. Assessments tools are now available, and appropriate therapeutic intervention models may hopefully contribute to reduce the risk of wrong diagnoses and inappropriate treatment of dissociative symptomatology in children and adolescents. However, controlled clinical trials of the various interventions and longitudinal outcome studies are needed.
Keywords: Adolescents Children Conversion Disorders Empirical Study Quantitative Study
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4574. Dogan, E. (2009, Ocak). EMDR nedir nasil uygulanir? [How is EMDR to be applied?]. Epsikiyatri Haberleri. Retrieved from http://www.mcaturk.com/EMDR-NEDIR-NASIL-UYGULANIR_2019.html 6/12/2010.
Language: Turkish
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Herkesin geçmişinde büyüklü küçüklü travma yaşantıları vardır.
Deprem, taciz, tecavüz gibi bir defada olan büyük travmalar olabileceği gibi çok göze çarpmayan ama süreklilik sergilediği için kişiyi ilerideki yaşantısında olumsuz etkileyebilecek olan küçük ve orta büyüklükte travmalar da vardır. İkinci gruptakileri "olay" dan ziyade süreklilik arz eden "durumlar" olarak isimlendirmek sanırım daha doğru olur. Bu gruptakilerin kişi üzerinde ileriki yaşantılarında, büyük olarak nitelendirdiklerimizden daha az etki yapacaklarını söyleyemeyiz. Bu tanımlamada büyük-küçük ayrımını yaparken kastedilenin daha çok dışarıdan bakan birisinin bu olayın ciddiyeti ile ilgili görüşü olduğu izlenimini ediniyoruz. Ancak psikolojik sağlık açısından önemli olan kişin bu olay ya da durumu iç dünyasında nasıl yaşadığıdır. Kişi çocukluğunda yaşadığı ve bir başkasının travmatik olarak isimlendireceği bir durumun etkisi ile ileride psikolojik bir problem geliştirmek zorunda değildir. Aynı şekilde, dışarıdan bakan birisinin fark edemeyeceği ama kişinin çocukluğunda maruz kaldığı olumsuz bir olay ya da süre giden bir durum o kişinin ileride psikolojik bir sıkıntı geliştirmesine neden olabilir. Örneğin, babasının yaptığı şeyleri beğenmediğini ve büyük başarılar dışında yaptığı küçük şeyleri görmediğini algılayan bir çocuk bu süre giden deneyimlerin etkisi ile ileri de ancak çok başarılı olduğu durumlarda takdir edileceği hissine sahip olabilir ve enerjisinin büyük kısmını önemli gördüğü insanlardan büyük başarılar sağlayarak takdir almaya adayabilir. Yukarıda tanımladığımız anlamda, yani kişinin ruhsal dünyasında uzun dönemli olumsuz etki yaratan bir durum olması anlamında bu durum tarvmatiktir. Diğer bir deyişle, küçüklüğünde bu kişinin maruz kaldığı durum o kişi üzerinde travmatik bir etki yaratmış ve o kişinin geleceğini etkilemiştir.
Everyone has experiences of past trauma, large and small.
Earthquake, harassment, rape, such as major trauma at a time, which can be very subtle, but the person to exhibit continuity in the future could adversely affect the life of the trauma, there are also small and medium-sized. The second group are "event" rather than from the persistent "cases" as I think I would be more accurate to name. In Group on the future life of these people, do not say a large effect in less than nitelendirdiklerimizden. While this distinction meant little more than identifying large-outsider's view of someone with the impression that the seriousness of this incident ediniyoruz. However, in terms of psychological health status of the person inside the world of this event or how you live. Contact someone else's traumatic childhood and live in the future be called the psychological impact of a situation to develop is not a problem. Similarly, outsiders can not but notice one person while a child is exposed to an adverse event or a situation to develop that person's future can cause psychological distress. For example, outside the great achievements of his father and his little things he did not see things beğenmediğini detect the effect of experiences with a child going forward at this time but would be appreciated if the feeling may have to be very successful and very successful in providing energy to the majority of people it deems important to appreciate the adayabilir. Sense defined above, that person's mental world in terms of long-term negative impact that this is a situation tarvmatiktir. In other words, this person's childhood exposure to a traumatic effect on the situation created by that person and that person has affected the future of.
Keywords: Death Fear Harassment Neurophysiology Rape Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4575. Dorr, R., & Hummel, H. (1999, September). Personzentrierte psychotherapie und EMDR [Client-centered therapy and eye movement desensitization therapy]. Brennpunkt, Zeitschrift der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Gesprächspsychotherapie und personzentrierte Beratung, 80, 19-25.
Language: German
Format: Journal
Keywords: Client-Centered Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4576. Draijer, N. (1996, December). Dissociation in an international perspective: The 1995 Amsterdam Papers. Dissociation, 9(4), 219-220.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Lazrove and Fine describe both the use of and contraindications
to EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and
Reprocessing) in the treatment of DID patients. This technique
is an alternate method for managing the processing
of trauma. It must be modified to conform to the principles
of fractionated trauma work. Apparently such approaches
are to be used only by clinicians highly-skilled in work with
dissociative disorder patients who are also well-trained in
EMDR.
Keywords: Editorial
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4577. Dunn, T. M., Schwartz, M., Hatfield, R. W., & Wiegele, M. (1996, September). Measuring effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in non-clinical anxiety: A multi-subject, yoked-control design. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 27(3), 231-239. doi:10.1016/S0005-7916(96)00034-1.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
28 subjects from a university's subject pool were paired on sex, age, severity, and type of stressful or traumatic incident. 1 subject in each pair was selected to receive EMDR; the experimental partner spent the same amount of time receiving a visual (non-movement) placebo. Subjective units of discomfort (SUD) scores and physiological measurements were taken prior to and following treatment. Analysis of physiological measurements and self-reported levels of stress were performed within and between each group. While the EMDR group showed significant reductions of stress, EMDR was no better than a placebo. This suggests EMDR's specific intervention involving eye movement may not be a necessary component of the treatment protocol. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Americans Arousal College Students Effects Empirical Study Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness Young Adults
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4578. Dunne, T., & Farrell, D. (2011). An investigation into clinicians' experiences of integrating EMDR into their clinical practice. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(4), 177-188. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.4.177.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study was conducted in the United Kingdom at two major conferences to examine how therapists (N = 83) integrated eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) into their clinical practice. Data from a mixed methodology suggests that up to 40% of the sample experienced difficulties post-EMDR training. Results indicated that analytically trained and humanistic therapists experienced significantly more difficulties in integrating EMDR into the current clinical practice than integrative or cognitive behavioral clinicians. This study also ascertained that EMDR clinicians experienced workplace difficulties and challenges. Consideration is given to how the study findings may have implications for both the teaching and learning of EMDR and workplace issues.
Keywords: Dissemination of Empirically Supported Therapies Integration Psychtherapeutic Orientations
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4579. Dunne, T., & Farrell, D. (2009, March). Accredited, brand-named psychotherapies and the standard of evidence: A reply to Davidson. Clinical Psychology Forum, 195, 3-4.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Prof Davidson also trots out that old chestnut of McNally’s (1996 a & b) regarding EMDR to wit:
“What is new is not effective and what is effective is not new”. This has been effectively rebutted
by Perkins & Rouanzoin (2002) who convincingly, even for the most rabid of sceptics,
demonstrated that McNally, in dismissing EMDR as just another variant of systematic
desensitisation, failed to notice that, unlike EMDR, systematic desensitisation is not particularly
helpful in the treatment of PTSD. Perkins & Rouanzoin also showed how McNally misreported
data to support his contentions regarding EMDR whiles simultaneously excluding or ignoring
Van Etten & Taylor’s (1998) meta-analysis. Van Etten & Taylor concluded that EMDR is not
simply a variant of imaginal exposure, a conclusion which contradicts McNally’s argument but is
omitted by him. [Excerpt]
Keywords: Letter Standard of Evidence
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4580. Dworkin, M. (2003, June). Integrative approaches to EMDR: Empathy, the intersubjective, and the cognitive interweave. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 13(2), 171-187. doi:10.1037/1053-0479.13.2.171.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
EMDR represents an integrative model of psychotherapy at the theoretical level. During its 16-year history, it has created quite a controversy in academic psychology. Missing from these debates have been additional therapeutic elements that are necessary to propel productive thinking into ways of making greater use of the model. These elements—empathy, the intersubjective, and usage of the cognitive interweave in conjunction with transference and countertransference issues—are explored. This addition constitutes an assimilative approach to an ever-evolving model of resolving posttraumatic stress disorder.
Keywords: Empathy Intersubjective Cognitive Interweave Cognitive Processes Countertransference Integrative Model Integrative Psychotherapy Interpersonal Interaction Models Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy PTSD Transference Psychotherapeutic Transference Subjectivity
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4581. Dworkin, M., & Errebo, N. (2011). Rupture et réparation dans la relation patient/thérapeute EMDR: Moments urgents et moments de rencontre [Rupture and repair in the EMDR client/clinician relationship: Now moments and moments of meeting]. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(4), E74-E85. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.4.E74.
Language: French
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Cet article avance l’idée qu’il serait avantageux de conceptualiser l’EMDR (désensibilisation et retraitement
par les mouvements oculaires) comme une thérapie à deux personnes, c’est-à-dire une thérapie
qui emploie le dialogue entre le thérapeute et le patient autour de la résonance, de l’accordage mutuel
et de l’objectif de leur relation. Les recherches en cours sur le système des neurones-miroirs fournissent
une possible base neurologique à cette proposition. Des exemples cliniques détaillés illustrent la rupture
(moments urgents) et la réparation subséquente (moments de rencontre) de la relation thérapeutique
au cours des huit phases EMDR. Nous exposons le risque élevé de rupture de la relation au cours de la
thérapie EMDR. Nous faisons des propositions pour améliorer la pratique, la formation et les consultations
d’EMDR en prêtant attention à l’expérience intersubjective entre le patient et le thérapeute, en
particulier dans le travail avec des patients qui ont vécu des déceptions répétées et généralisées dans
leurs relations amoureuses ou professionnelles.
This article proposes that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) would be strengthened by being conceptualized as a two-person therapy; that is, a therapy that employs dialogue between clinician and client about the resonance, attunement, and intention of their relationship. Current research on the mirror neuron system provides a hypothetical neurological underpinning to this proposal. Detailed clinical examples illustrate rupture (Now Moments) and subsequent repair (Moments of Meeting) of the therapeutic relationship in the Eight Phases of EMDR. The high potential for relationship rupture during EMDR therapy is discussed. Suggestions are made for improving EMDR practice, training, and consultation by attending to the intersubjective experience between client and clinician, especially when working with clients who have experienced repeated and pervasive disappointments in love and work.
Keywords: Integrative Therapy Now Moments Moments of Meeting Therapeutic Relationship
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4582. Dworkin, M., & Errebo, N. (2010). Rupture and repair in the EMDR client/clinician relationship: Now moments and moments of meeting. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 4(3), 113-123. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.4.3.113.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This article proposes that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) would be strengthened
by being conceptualized as a two-person therapy; that is, a therapy that employs dialogue between clinician
and client about the resonance, attunement, and intention of their relationship. Current research on
the mirror neuron system provides a hypothetical neurological underpinning to this proposal. Detailed
clinical examples illustrate rupture (Now Moments) and subsequent repair (Moments of Meeting) of the
therapeutic relationship in the Eight Phases of EMDR. The high potential for relationship rupture during
EMDR therapy is discussed. Suggestions are made for improving EMDR practice, training, and consultation
by attending to the intersubjective experience between client and clinician, especially when working
with clients who have experienced repeated and pervasive disappointments in love and work.
Keywords: Integrative Therapy Now Moments Moments of Meeting Therapeutic Relationship
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4583. Dyck, M. J. (1993, September). A proposal for a conditioning model of eye movement desensitization treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 24(3), 201-210. DOI:10.1016/0005-7916(93)90022-O.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Although eye movement desensitization (EMD) was introduced as a specific treatment for traumatic memories, a satisfactory explanation of the therapeutic mechanism underlying the method has not been offered. This article describes a model of traumatic memories and EMD based primarily on principles of respondent conditioning, emotional interference with learning, and operant conditioning. A method for evaluating the conditioning model is briefly described. [Author Summary]
Keywords: Conditioned Emotional Responses Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Review
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4584. Dyregrov, A. (2004, Oktober). Hjelper terapi for traumatiserte mennesker? [Does trauma therapy help?]. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening, 41(10), 787-793.
Language: Norwegian
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Denne artikkelen beskriver de psykologiske og fysiske konsekvenser av traumer. Det vurderinger deretter ulike terapeutiske tiltak for posttraumatisk stresslidelse (PTSD). Metoder basert på atferds-og kognitive strategier synes mest effektive i behandling av traumer. Studier har vist at et stort flertall av personer med en eksisterende PTSD diagnosen ikke har PTSD etter opphør av behandlingen. Videre er positiv behandling resultatet tydelig demonstrert lenge etter behandling nedleggelse. Effektiv behandlingsmetoder omfatter eksponering terapi, kognitiv terapi, Eye Movement Desensitisation og Rengjøring (EMDR), og kognitiv atferdsterapi. Nye behandlingsmetoder vil uten tvil utvide antall hvordan PTSD kan behandles, slik at programmer bedre tilpasset behovene til hver enkelt pasient. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 TFO, alle rettigheter reservert)
This article describes the psychological and physical consequences of trauma. It then reviews different therapeutic interventions for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Methods based on behavioural and cognitive strategies seem most effective in the treatment of trauma. Studies have shown that a large majority of persons with an existing PTSD diagnosis do not have PTSD after termination of treatment. Furthermore, positive treatment outcome is clearly demonstrated long after treatment closure. Effective methods of treatment include exposure therapy, cognitive therapy, Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR), and cognitive behavioural therapy. New treatment methods will no doubt broaden the number of ways in which PTSD may be treated, allowing for programmes better suited to the needs of each particular patient. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Literature Review Physical Consequences Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychological Consequences Psychotherapy PTSD Therapeutic Interventions Therapeutic Processes Trauma Therapy
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4585. Dyregrov, A. (1993, Oktober). EMDR: Ny metode for traumebehandling [EMDR: A new method in the treatment of trauma]. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening, 30(10), 975-981.
Language: Norwegian
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Francine Shapiro 'metoden av "Eye Movement desensitivisering og gjenvinning" er beskrevet, illustrert med vellykket behandling av tre saker etter væpnet ran (to) og plutselig død. Rask reduksjon av påtrengende bilder fulgte behandlingen. En kritisk gjennomgang av litteraturen er foretatt, og ulike metodiske begrensninger i de eksisterende studiene er noted.Although det teoretiske grunnlaget er tvilsomt, og det er alvorlige metodologiske begrensninger i studiene som finnes, kliniske erfaringer med metoden viser svært gode resultater. Klinikere oppfordres til å oppsøke mer kunnskap om metoden, så vel som bruk systematiske metoder for å studere resultatene. [Forfatter sammendrag]
Francine Shapiro's method of "Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing" is described, illustrated with the successful treatment of three cases following armed robbery (two) and sudden death. Rapid reduction of intrusive images followed the treatment. A critical review of the literature is undertaken, and different methodological limitations in the existing studies are noted.Although the theoretical foundation is questionable, and there are serious methodological limitations in the studies that exist, clinical experiences with the method indicate very favourable results. Clinicians are encouraged to seek out more knowledge about the method, as well as use systematic methods to study its results. [Author abstract]
Keywords: Bereavement Empirical Study Eye Movements Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Robbery Survivors Systematic Desensitization
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4586. Dziegielewski, S., & Wolfe, P. (2000, September). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as a time-limited treatment intervention for body image disturbance and self-esteem: A single subject case study design. Journal of Psychotherapy in Independent Practice, 1(3), 1-16. doi:10.1300/J288v01n03_01 .
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This single subject case study implemented in the private practice setting examined body-image disturbance and self-esteem. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is the treatment modality. The Self-Esteem Rating Scale and the Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire are pre and post tested. A self-developed Daily Body Satisfaction Log is used throughout the 43-day observation period. Scores on subjects' self-esteem and body image avoidance showed clinical improvement over the treatment period. Based on this clinical examination, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing appears to be a promising time-limited treatment intervention that merits further research for application to eating disorder symptoms such as body image disturbance and low self-esteem. Suggestions for future research are provided.
Keywords: Anorexia Body Image Disturbances Bulimia Clinical Case Study Eating Disorders Empirical Study Females Self-Esteem Single Subject Design
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4587. D’Andrea, L. M., D’Andrea, L., & Detweiler, J. (2003, Spring). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): A closer look at treatment outcome. Trauma and Loss: Research and Interventions, 3(1), 9-19.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
EMDR therapy, using bilateral audio-tones as the stimulus, was given to 30 women for two to six sessions (the number determined by the individual). Results from the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) suggested that treatment was moderately successful for the study sample. Analysis of pre- and post-treatment item responses suggested individuals who benefited from EMDR had significant reductions in intrusion and avoidance behaviors. The need to look beyond sample-mean comparisons and focus on scale-item analysis is discussed. [Author abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Females Stressors Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4588. Eckers, D. (2003). EMDR bei kindern und jugendlichen [EMDR in children and adolescents]. Psychotherapeuten Forum, 1, 11–18.
Language: German
Format: Journal
Keywords: Adolescents Children
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4589. Eckert, A. (2011, September). Zimmer mit aussicht- Erinnern als unverzichtbares therapeutisches element [Room with a view, Rememberance as indispensible element]. Forum der Psychoanalyse, 27(3), 239-262. doi:10.1007/s00451-011-0079-3.
Language: German
Format: Journal
Abstract:
In diesem Beitrag stelle ich dar warum die Rekonstruktion des traumatischen Geschehens eine unverzichtbare Phase in der Therapie traumatisierter Patienten ist. Eine integrierende Rekonstruktion umfasst die äußere und die innere Realität des Patienten, beide gleichermaßen schwer zugänglich. Die Rekonstruktion ist ein Prozess und bedarf einer Anpassung des Settings. Es werden Fallvignetten der stationären psychotherapeutischen Rekonstruktionsarbeit mit Hilfe von Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) vorgestellt.
In this paper, I figure why the reconstruction of the traumatic event is an essential phase in the treatment of traumatized patients. An integrating reconstruction includes the outer and the inner reality of the patient, both equally difficult to access. The reconstruction is a process and requires an adjustment of the settings. We present the case of inpatient psychotherapeutic vignettes reconstruction work using Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR).
Keywords: Reconstruction of the Trauma
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4590. Edmond, T. E., Rubin, A., & Wambach, K. G. (1999, June). The effectiveness of EMDR with adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Social Work Research, 23(2), 103-116.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A randomized experimental evaluation found support for the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in reducing trauma symptoms among adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. 59 women were assigned randomly to one of three groups: (1) individual EMDR treatment (six sessions); (2) routine individual treatment (six sessions); or (3) delayed treatment control group. A MANOVA was statistically significant at both posttest and follow-up. In univariate ANOVAs for each of four standardized outcome measures EMDR group members scored significantly better than controls at posttest. In a three-month follow-up, EMDR participants scored significantly better than routine individual treatment participants on two of the four measures, with large effect sizes suggestive of clinical significance. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Brief Psychotherapy Child Abuse Empirical Study Females Follow-up Study Longitudinal Study Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Random Clinical Trial Rape RCT Self Efficacy Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4591. Edmond, T., & Rubin, A. (2004). Assessing the long-term effects of EMDR: Results from an 18-month follow-up study with adult female survivors of CSA. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 13(1), 69-86. doi:10.1300/J070v13n01_04.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This 18-month follow-up study builds on the findings of a randomized experimental evaluation that found qualified support for the short-term effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in reducing trauma symptoms among adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). The current study provides preliminary evidence that the therapeutic benefits of EMDR for adult female survivors of CSA can be maintained over an 18-month period. Furthermore, there is some support for the suggestion that EMDR did so more efficiently and provided a greater sense of trauma resolution than did routine individual therapy. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Child Abuse Empirical Study Females Follow-up Study Quantitative Study Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4592. Edmond, T., Sloan, L., & McCarty, D. (2004, July). Sexual abuse survivors’ perceptions of the effectiveness of EMDR and eclectic therapy. Research on Social Work Practice, 14(4), 259-272. doi:10.1177/1049731504265830.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Objective: This article examines survivor perspectives of the effectiveness of two different treatments for trauma symptoms among adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse -- Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and eclectic therapy. Method: Qualitative interviews obtained in the context of a mixed-methods study were conducted with 38 adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Results: Two major differences in outcomes between the two treatment approaches were observed. There were considerable distinctions between the two treatment groups in terms of the importance and effect of the client-therapist relationship, and in terms of the depth of change reportedly caused by the different therapies. Conclusions: Survivors' narratives indicate that EMDR produces greater trauma resolution, while within eclectic therapy, survivors more highly value their relationship with their therapist, through whom they learn effective coping strategies. [Author Abstract]
Keywords: Adults Americans Child Abuse Depressive Disorders Empirical Study Females Individual Psychotherapy Mixed Methods Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapeutic Processes PTSD Quantitative Study Rape Survivors Treatment Effectiveness
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4593. Eenhoorn, A. (2007). Sam is gek in zijn hoofd [Sam is crazy in his head]. Kind & Adolescent Praktijk, 6(4), 171-172. doi:10.1007/BF03059673 .
Language: Dutch
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Een tijdje geleden alweer deed ik mee aan een vierdaagse cursus EMDR. Aanvankelijk was ik sceptisch. Hoezo nou een behandelvorm die sneller beter resultaat had dan andere vormen van behandelen?! Maar toen werd ik erdoor gegrepen. Ik raakte in de ban van de EMDR-magie en ging ‘thuis’ op de werkvloer ijverig aan de gang.
A while ago now I took part in a four-day course EMDR. At first I was skeptical. Why now a treatment that had better results faster than other forms of treatment?! But then I was gripped by it. I fell under the spell of the magic EMDR and went 'home' at work diligently in progress.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4594. Egli-Bernd, H. (2011). EMDR in dissociative processes within the framework of personality disorders: The impact of cognitions in the EMDR Process: The “dialogue protocol“. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 5(3), 131-139. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.5.3.131.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A theoretical analysis of the psychodynamic dimension of cognitions in the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) protocol can be beneficial in addressing the specific issues affecting the choice of appropriate cognitions in working with clients with personality disorders. This group of patients share the biographic commonality of emotional-narcissistic abuse and neglect in childhood by primary attachment figures and significant others in their lives. Arising from these experiences, a subtle dissociation (in childhood) can cause the development of parts of self with an emotional and cognitive fixation on a self-image. This is defined by the child's attachment figures and other significant people, and has subsequently been internalized by the child themselves. In such cases, the actual goal of treatment is not primarily the event on which the EMDR session is initially focused, but rather the complex emotional and cognitive significance that the event has on the client's self-perception and self-evaluation.
Keywords: Attachment Childhood Abuse Dimension of Cognitions Dissociation Processing
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4595. Ehlers, A., Bisson, J., Clark, D. M., Creamer, M., Pilling, S., Richards, D., Schnurr, P. P., Turner, S., & Yule, W. (2010, March). Do all psychological treatments really work the same in posttraumatic stress disorder?. Clinical Psychology Review 30(2), 269–276. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.12.001.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
A recent meta-analysis by Benish, Imel, and Wampold (2008, Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 746-758) concluded that all bona fide treatments are equally effective in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In contrast, seven other meta-analyses or systematic reviews concluded that there is good evidence that trauma-focused psychological treatments (trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) are effective in PTSD; but that treatments that do not focus on the patients' trauma memories or their meanings are either less effective or not yet sufficiently studied. International treatment guidelines therefore recommend trauma-focused psychological treatments as first-line treatments for PTSD. We examine possible reasons for the discrepant conclusions and argue that (1) the selection procedure of the available evidence used in Benish et al.'s (2008)meta-analysis introduces bias, and (2) the analysis and conclusions fail to take into account the need to demonstrate that treatments for PTSD are more effective than natural recovery. Furthermore, significant increases in effect sizes of trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapies over the past two decades contradict the conclusion that content of treatment does not matter. To advance understanding of the optimal treatment for PTSD, we recommend further research into the active mechanisms of therapeutic change, including treatment elements commonly considered to be non-specific. We also recommend transparency in reporting exclusions in meta-analyses and suggest that bona fide treatments should be defined on empirical and theoretical grounds rather than by judgments of the investigators' intent. Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Treatment
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4596. Ehlers, A., Gene-Cos, N., & Perrin, S. (2009). Low recognition of post-traumatic stress disorder in primary care. London Journal of Primary Care, 2, 36–42.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common
and disabling disorder that develops as a consequence
of traumatic events and is characterised by
distressing re-experiencing of parts of the trauma,
avoidance of reminders, emotional numbing and
hyperarousal. The NICE guidelines for PTSD (2005)
recommend trauma-focused psychological therapy
as the first-line treatment. A survey of 129 GPs in
south London investigated the recognition and
treatment of PTSD in primary care. The majority
of GPs underestimated the prevalence of PTSD.
Most PTSD patients seen in GP surgeries currently
do not receive or are not referred for NICE recommended
psychological treatments. Medications,
especially SSRIs, appear to be more commonly
prescribed than recommended by NICE. Efforts to
disseminate information about PTSD and effective
treatments to both patients and GPs are needed to
increase recognition rates and prompter access to
treatment. The Improving Access to Psychological
Therapies (IAPT) programme will make the NICE
recommended treatments more widely available
and will allow self-referral by adults with PTSD to
trauma-focused psychological therapy.
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4597. Ehntholt, K. A., & Yule, W. (2006, December). Practitioner review: Assessment and treatment of refugee children and adolescents who have experienced war-related trauma. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 47(12), 1197-1210. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01638.x.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background: Increasingly clinicians are being asked to assess and treat young refugees, who have experienced traumatic events due to war and organised violence. However, evidence-based guidance remains scarce. Mthod: Published studies on the mental health difficulties of refugee children and adolescents, associated risk and protective factors, as well as effective interventions, particularly those designed to reduce war-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, were identified and reviewed. The findings are summarised. Results: Young refugees are frequently subjected to multiple traumatic events and severe losses, as well as ongoing stressors within the host country. Although young refugees are often resilient, many experience mental health difficulties, including PTSD, depression, anxiety and grief. An awareness of relevant risk and protective factors is important. A phased model of intervention is often useful and the need for a holistic approach crucial. Promising treatments for alleviating symptoms of war-related PTSD include cognitive behavioural treatment (CBT), testimonial psychotherapy, narrative exposure therapy (NET) and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR). Knowledge of the particular needs of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children (UASC), working with interpreters, cross-cultural differences, medico-legal report writing and the importance of clinician self-care is also necessary. Conclusion: More research is required in order to expand our limited knowledge base.
Keywords: CBT Children Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy Literature Review Narrative Exposure Therapy NET Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD War Refugees
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4598. Ehntholt, K. A., Smith, P. A., & Yule, W. (2005, April). School-based cognitive-behavioural therapy group intervention for refugee children who have experienced war-related trauma. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 10(2), 235-250. doi:10.1177/1359104505051214.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a school-based group intervention
designed for children who have experienced trauma. Twenty-six children (aged
11–15 years) who were refugees or asylum-seekers from war-affected countries
participated. The manual-based intervention consisted of cognitive-behavioural
therapy (CBT) techniques and was implemented within secondary schools. The
treatment group (n = 15) received six sessions of group CBT over a 6-week period,
while the control group (n = 11) were placed on a waiting list for 6 weeks and then
invited to enter treatment. Children in the CBT group showed statistically significant,
but clinically modest improvements following the intervention, with
decreases in overall severity of post-traumatic stress symptoms. Significant
improvements were also found in overall behavioural difficulties and emotional
symptoms. Children in the waiting list control group did not show any improvements
over the same period. However, follow-up data, which were only available
for a small subset of eight children, suggest that gains in the CBT group were not
maintained at 2-month follow-up.
Keywords: Children Group CBT Group Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD Refugees School
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4599. El Khoury-Malhame, M., Lanteaume, L., Beetz, E. M., Roques, J., Reynaud, E., Samuelian, J. C., Blin, O., Garcia, R., & Khalfa, S. (2011, September). Attentional bias in post-traumatic stress disorder diminishes after symptom amelioration. Behavior Research and Therapy, 49(11), 796-801. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.08.006.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Background:
Avoidance and hypervigilance to reminders of a traumatic event are among the main characteristics of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Attentional bias toward aversive cues in PTSD has been hypothesized as being part of the dysfunction causing etiology and maintenance of PTSD. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cognitive strategy underlying attentional bias in PTSD and whether normal cognitive processing is restored after a treatment suppressing core PTSD symptoms.
Methods:
Nineteen healthy controls were matched for age, sex and education to 19 PTSD patients. We used the emotional stroop and detection of target tasks, before and after an average of 4.1 sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy.
Results:
We found that on both tasks, patients were slower than controls in responding in the presence of emotionally negative words compared to neutral ones. After symptoms removal, patients no longer had attentional bias, and responded similarly to controls.
Conclusion:
These results support the existence of an attentional bias in PTSD patients due to a disengagement difficulty. There was also preliminary evidence that the disengagement was linked to PTSD symptomatology. It should be further explored whether attentional bias and PTSD involve common brain mechanisms.
Keywords: Attentional Bias Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD
Accuracy Verified: Yes
4600. Ellard, J. (1993, September). Eye movement desensitization. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 27(3), 535.
Language: English
Format: Journal
Abstract:
Eye Movement Desensitization is an interesting manoeuvre. While its mechanism remain obscure, the benefits in particular cases are beyond doubt. There is every reason to be skeptical about the technique and the results, and there are equally strong reasons not to not to turn one's back on a procedure which briefly and simply produces worthwhile improvement before one's eyes. [Excerpt]
Keywords: Hypnotism Letter Mesmer
Accuracy Verified: Yes
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